Jaap de Roode: How butterflies self-medicate
Jaap de Roode: Hoe vlinders zichzelf genezen
Jaap de Roode studies the ecology and evolution of parasites, focusing on those that attack the monarch butterfly. Full bio
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de hoofdoorzaak
are still the main cause
en dood wereldwijd.
around the world.
of diseases such as T.B., malaria, HIV,
aan ziektes als tbc, malaria en HIV.
and even in the United States.
die of seasonal flu.
duizenden mensen aan de griep.
we are creative. Right?
ourselves against these diseases.
ontwikkeld tegen deze ziekten.
we learn from our experiences
dat wij hierin uniek waren,
but now we know we're not.
niet de enige dokters zijn.
out there that can do it too.
to treat their intestinal parasites.
om hun darmparasieten te behandelen.
that other animals can do it too:
dat ook andere dieren dit kunnen:
sheep, goats, you name it.
zijn recente ontdekkingen
is that recent discoveries are telling us
en andere kleine dieren
smaller brains can use medication too.
ook medicatie gebruiken.
as we all know,
blijven evolueren
that we have developed
ontwikkelde medicijnen
to find new ways to discover drugs
vinden om medicijnen te maken
tegen onze ziektes.
should look at these animals,
dieren moeten kijken,
how to treat our own diseases.
hun ziekten behandelen.
monarch butterflies for the last 10 years.
de monarchvlinder bestudeerd.
hun spectaculaire verhuizingen
for their spectacular migrations
down to Mexico every year,
naar Mexico.
ben gaan bestuderen.
omdat hij ziek wordt.
They get sick like me.
kan ons veel vertellen over medicatie
can tell us a lot about drugs
that monarchs get infected with
monarchvlinders besmet raken
a mouthful.
een mondvol.
aan de buitenkant van de vlinder,
on the outside of the butterfly
tussen de schubben van de vlinder.
in between the scales of the butterfly.
to the monarch.
voor de monarchvlinders.
voordat ze volwassen worden.
before they're even adults.
in the greenhouse growing plants,
door in de kassen om planten te kweken,
are extremely picky eaters.
zijn enorm moeilijke eters.
species of milkweed that they can use,
zijdeplant geschikt voor hen,
have cardenolides in them.
voor de meeste dieren,
but not to monarchs.
can take up the chemicals,
and it makes them toxic
is advertise this toxicity
warning colorations
is grow plants in the greenhouse,
kweekte ik in kassen
the tropical milkweed,
de tropische zijdeplant,
of these cardenolides.
van die cardenoliden.
monarchvlinders.
They had no disease.
zijdeplanten medicinaal zijn.
some of these milkweeds are medicinal,
bij de monarchvlinders.
in the monarch butterflies,
when they are infected
it was a crazy idea,
een idioot idee.
dit kunnen gebruiken?
what if monarchs can use this?
as their own form of medicine?
gebruiken voor zelfmedicatie?
started doing experiments.
begonnen te experimenten.
and gave them a choice:
non-medicinal milkweed.
of each species over their lifetime.
ze gedurende hun leven aten.
in science, was boring:
was het resultaat saai.
Fifty percent was not.
was medicinaal en 50% niet.
anything for their own welfare.
voor hun eigen welzijn!
that can medicate their offspring.
on medicinal milkweed
op medicinale zijdeplant
future offspring less sick?
krijgen we al meerdere jaren
over several years,
in een grote kooi,
a monarch in a big cage,
en een niet-medicinale aan de andere,
a non-medicinal plant on the other side,
that the monarchs lay on each plant.
dat de vlinder op elke plant legt.
is always the same.
de medicinale zijdeplant.
strongly prefer the medicinal milkweed.
what these females are doing
of their eggs in the medicinal milkweed.
op de medicinale plant.
is they actually transmit the parasites
ze gelijk de eieren
can lay their eggs on medicinal milkweed
op medicinale zijdeplanten leggen
nageslacht minder ziek wordt.
future offspring less sick.
een belangrijke ontdekking.
important discovery, I think,
something cool about nature,
vertelt over de natuur,
wellicht iets vertelt
more about how we should find drugs.
as very simple.
very sophisticated medication.
medicatie toepassen.
most of our drugs
de meeste van onze medicatie
including plants,
waaronder planten.
traditionele genezers
at animals to find new drugs.
how to treat stomach upset,
hoe je buikpijnen verhelpt,
how to treat bloody diarrhea.
een remedie tegen diarree met bloed.
though, is to move beyond
met grote hersenen,
and give these guys more credit,
that we tend to think of
met hun kleine hersenen.
with tiny little brains.
can also use medication
ook medicatie kunnen gebruiken,
we will be treating human diseases
menselijke ziektes zullen behandelen
discovered by butterflies,
die vlinders eerst ontdekten.
worth pursuing.
die het waard is om na te streven.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jaap de Roode - BiologistJaap de Roode studies the ecology and evolution of parasites, focusing on those that attack the monarch butterfly.
Why you should listen
At his lab at Emory University, Jaap de Roode and his team study parasites and their hosts. Some of the questions that intrigue them: If a parasite depends on its host's survival for its own well-being, why do so many of them cause harm? In what ways are hosts able to self-medicate in order to make themselves less desirable to parasites? And are the abilities to harm hosts — and the ability of hosts to self-medicate — favored by natural selection?
The De Roode Lab focuses on the monarch butterfly and its parasites. The team has made a fascinating discovery: that female butterflies infected by a parasite choose to lay their eggs on a specific variety of milkweed that helps their offspring avoid getting sick. De Roode hopes that this insight could lead to new approaches in medications for human beings in the future.
Jaap de Roode | Speaker | TED.com