Jaap de Roode: How butterflies self-medicate
जाप दे रोडे: फुलपाखरांचा स्व: औषधोपचार
Jaap de Roode studies the ecology and evolution of parasites, focusing on those that attack the monarch butterfly. Full bio
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are still the main cause
around the world.
of diseases such as T.B., malaria, HIV,
आजारांमुळे दर वर्षी लाखो मृत्यू होतात
and even in the United States.
die of seasonal flu.
तापामुळे मृत्यु होतो.
we are creative. Right?
बरोबर?
ourselves against these diseases.
उपाय शोधून काढले आहेत.
we learn from our experiences
आपण अनुभवांवरुन शिकतो
but now we know we're not.
पण आता आपल्याला माहीत आहे की असे नाही
केवळ आपणच नाही.
out there that can do it too.
अनेक प्राणी सुद्धा हे करू शकतात.
चिंपाझी माकडे .
to treat their intestinal parasites.
झाडांचा वापर करतात .
that other animals can do it too:
की इतर प्राणी सुद्धा हे करतात
sheep, goats, you name it.
असे अनेक प्राणी
is that recent discoveries are telling us
नुकतेच लागलेले शोध
smaller brains can use medication too.
औषधोपचार करू शकतात
as we all know,
that we have developed
to find new ways to discover drugs
औषध शोधायच्या नव्या पद्धतीची
प्राण्यांकडून शिकायला हवे असे मला वाटते
should look at these animals,
how to treat our own diseases.
monarch butterflies for the last 10 years.
फुलपाखरांचा दहा वर्ष अभ्यास करत आहे.
for their spectacular migrations
आणि कॅनडा येथून लाखोंच्या संखेने मेक्सिको
down to Mexico every year,
मी त्यांचा अभ्यास करण्यामागे हे कारण नाही.
कारण ते आजारी पडतात.
They get sick like me.
can tell us a lot about drugs
आपल्या औषधांबद्दल बरच काही शिकू शकतो
इलेक्ट्रोस्केरा हया परोपजीवीमुळे संसर्ग होतो
that monarchs get infected with
a mouthful.
लाखो अतिसूक्ष्म बीजाणू पसरवतात
on the outside of the butterfly
सूक्ष्म कणांमध्ये आढळतात
in between the scales of the butterfly.
to the monarch.
त्यांचा मृत्त्यू सुध्धा होऊ शकतो.
before they're even adults.
मी हरितगृहांमध्ये खूप वेळ काम करतो
in the greenhouse growing plants,
खाण्याबाबत खूप निवडक असतात
are extremely picky eaters.
मिल्कवीडचे अनेक प्रकार आहेत
species of milkweed that they can use,
have cardenolides in them.
पण मोनार्क फुलपाखरांना नाही.
but not to monarchs.
can take up the chemicals,
आपल्या शरीरात साठवतात
and it makes them toxic
उदाहरणार्थ पक्षी, विषारी बनतात
is advertise this toxicity
अश्या सुंदर व इशारापूर्ण रंगसंगतीने
warning colorations
is grow plants in the greenhouse,
अनेक झाडे वाढवली,
the tropical milkweed,
of these cardenolides.
They had no disease.
एकही आजार नाही
some of these milkweeds are medicinal,
काही मिल्कवीड प्रजाती औषधी आहेत
रोगाची लक्षणे कमी केली .
in the monarch butterflies,
जरी संसर्गीत असली तरी
when they are infected
जास्त दिवस जगू शकतात
माझ्या मनात एक कल्पना आली,
it was a crazy idea,
हि एक अश्यक कल्पना आहे,
what if monarchs can use this?
ह्याचा उपयोग करू शकली तर ?
as their own form of medicine?
औषधी उपयोग करू शकले तर ?
started doing experiments.
प्रयोग सुरु केले.
आम्ही त्यांना दोन पर्याय दिले:
and gave them a choice:
non-medicinal milkweed.
of each species over their lifetime.
किती झाडे खाल्ली ह्याचा आम्ही अभ्यास केला
in science, was boring:
कोणत्याही प्रयोगाप्रमाणेच अतिशय साधे होते.
Fifty percent was not.
पन्नास टक्के बिन औषधी.
anything for their own welfare.
काहीच प्रयन्त केले नाहीत.
फुलपाखरांकडे लक्ष वळवले.
that can medicate their offspring.
अपत्यांना औषधोपचार करू शकते का ?
on medicinal milkweed
future offspring less sick?
over several years,
a monarch in a big cage,
a non-medicinal plant on the other side,
दुसर्या बाजूला बिन औषधी झाड ठेवतो,
that the monarchs lay on each plant.
घातलेली अंड्याची संख्या मोजतो.
is always the same.
strongly prefer the medicinal milkweed.
मोठ्या प्रमाणावर औषधी मिल्कवीड निवडतात.
what these females are doing
of their eggs in the medicinal milkweed.
औषधी झाडावर घालतात.
is they actually transmit the parasites
परोपजीवीसुद्धा संक्रमित करतात .
करू शकत नाहीत.
can lay their eggs on medicinal milkweed
औषधी झाडांवर टाकू शकतात ज्यामुळे
future offspring less sick.
important discovery, I think,
something cool about nature,
निसर्गा बद्दल अद्भुत माहिती मिळते
more about how we should find drugs.
शोधता येतील ह्याबद्दल नविन माहिती मिळते.
as very simple.
very sophisticated medication.
most of our drugs
अगदी आजसुद्धा आपली अनेक औषधे
including plants,
at animals to find new drugs.
प्राण्यांचा अभ्यास करत असत.
how to treat stomach upset,
उपाय शिकलो अहोत.
how to treat bloody diarrhea.
उपाय शिकलो अहोत.
though, is to move beyond
and give these guys more credit,
या प्राण्यांना सुद्धा श्रेय दिले पाहिजे.
that we tend to think of
with tiny little brains.
असा विचार करतो.
can also use medication
ह्या शोधामुळे
we will be treating human diseases
अश्या औषधांनी मनुष्यांवर उपचार करत असू
discovered by butterflies,
फुलपाखरांनी लावला असेल.
worth pursuing.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jaap de Roode - BiologistJaap de Roode studies the ecology and evolution of parasites, focusing on those that attack the monarch butterfly.
Why you should listen
At his lab at Emory University, Jaap de Roode and his team study parasites and their hosts. Some of the questions that intrigue them: If a parasite depends on its host's survival for its own well-being, why do so many of them cause harm? In what ways are hosts able to self-medicate in order to make themselves less desirable to parasites? And are the abilities to harm hosts — and the ability of hosts to self-medicate — favored by natural selection?
The De Roode Lab focuses on the monarch butterfly and its parasites. The team has made a fascinating discovery: that female butterflies infected by a parasite choose to lay their eggs on a specific variety of milkweed that helps their offspring avoid getting sick. De Roode hopes that this insight could lead to new approaches in medications for human beings in the future.
Jaap de Roode | Speaker | TED.com