Carole Cadwalladr: Facebook's role in Brexit -- and the threat to democracy
캐롤 캐드월래어(Carole Cadwalladr): 브렉시트에서 페이스북이 한 역할과 민주주의에 대한 위협
Carole Cadwalladr is a British investigative journalist and features writer. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the European Union,
newspaper in the UK
where I grew up, and to write a report.
취재해 줄 것을 요청하셨고
which is this quite special place.
꽤 특수한 장소입니다.
working-class culture,
노동자 계급 문화를 가졌고
male voice choirs and rugby and its coal.
석탄으로도 유명하죠.
the coal mines and the steelworks closed,
석탄광산과 제강소는 문을 닫고
the highest "Leave" votes in the country.
이곳이 무려 62%로
voted to leave the European Union.
지역 중 하나였기 때문이었습니다.
I was just a bit taken aback,
마지막으로 방문했을 때는
college of further education
33만 파운드짜리 대학 건물입니다.
by the European Union.
regeneration project
재정비 사업의 일환으로
road-improvement scheme,
새로운 도로 개선 계획은
a new railway station,
포함하고 있으며
by the European Union.
any of this is a secret,
like this everywhere.
사방에 널렸거든요.
weird sense of unreality,
한 젊은 청년을 만나면서
in front of the sports center.
had done nothing for him.
아무것도 없다면서요.
people told me the same thing.
들을 수 있었습니다.
to take back control,
되찾기를 바란다고 말했습니다.
in the campaign.
that they were most fed up
I didn't meet any immigrants or refugees.
전혀 만나지 못했거든요.
the only foreigner in town.
외국인이었죠.
of immigration in the country.
보유한 지역 중 하나였습니다.
their information from.
tabloid newspapers
about immigration.
신문에서나 게재되는 것이었고
left-wing Labour stronghold.
거점 지역이었거든요.
this woman got in touch with me.
에부 베일 출신의 한 여성분이
that she'd seen on Facebook.
본 것들을 전부 말해주었죠.
stuff about immigration,
특히, 터키에 대한
of ads that people had seen
뉴스피드에 뜬 내용들을
into their news feeds.
존재하지 않았거든요.
gone completely dark.
어둠 속으로 사라졌답니다.
this profound effect forever on Britain --
영원토록 깊은 영향을 미칠 겁니다.
that came to Wales and the north east
광산업을 대체했던
took place in darkness,
어둠 속에서 치러졌습니다.
stays on Facebook,
그 안에서만 남아있죠.
and then it vanishes,
사라져버리니까요.
봤는지 알 수가 없습니다.
to target these people.
어떤 자료가 이용되었는지
or how much money was spent,
얼마의 비용이 들었는지
multiple times to come to Britain
영국으로 와 답을 줄 것을
journalists have uncovered
took place during the referendum.
밝혀냈으니까요.
we limit the amount of money
with literally wheelbarrows of cash
유권자들을 매수했기 때문이었죠.
to stop that from happening.
엄격한 법들을 통과시켰지만
almost entirely online.
온라인상에서 치러졌고
on Facebook or on Google or on YouTube ads
얼마든지 돈을 쓸 수 있죠.
because they're black boxes.
들여다볼 수가 없으니까요.
of the full extent of it.
before the Brexit vote,
바로 직전 날에
of a million pounds
경찰에 회부된
has ruled was illegal,
a fire hose of disinformation.
허위정보를 뿌려대기 시작했습니다.
of it joining the European Union.
어떤 논의조차 존재하지 않았습니다.
따로 있었기 때문이죠.
a tiny sliver of people
설득 가능성이 있는
and they saw them.
광고를 노출시켰습니다.
we are seeing these now
볼 수 있는 이유는
Facebook to hand them over.
제출을 강제했기 때문입니다.
in Britain for 100 years.
영국의 가장 큰 부정 선거였습니다.
one percent of the electorate.
당락이 갈리는 투표에서 말이죠.
that took place in the referendum.
이것뿐만이 아닙니다.
by this man, Nigel Farage,
it also broke the law.
또한 범법을 저질렀습니다.
and British data laws,
referred to the police.
he funded this campaign.
이 캠페인의 후원자로
to our National Crime Agency,
우리 국립범죄청에 회부되었는데
where his money came from.
영국을 출처로 하는지조차
the lies that Arron Banks has told
은밀한 관계를 숨겨온 사실이나
with the Russian government.
트럼프 지지자인 로저 스톤과
meetings with Julian Assange
굳이 길게 언급하지도 않겠습니다.
Roger Stone, now indicted,
유리한 결과를 가져왔던
two massive WikiLeaks dumps,
to benefit Donald Trump.
and Trump were intimately entwined.
긴밀히 얽혀 있다고 주장합니다.
was the petri dish for Trump.
트럼프를 위한 배양접시였다더군요.
the same companies,
were posting on Facebook.
포스팅하던 것들입니다.
equals invasion]
like a hate crime to me.
all across the world.
뿌려지고 있음은 자명합니다.
but in France and in Hungary
which is connecting us all globally.
어두운 저류가 존재합니다.
via the technology platforms.
기술 플랫폼을 통해 흐르지만
of what's going on on the surface.
볼 수 있을 뿐입니다.
about this dark underbelly
중요한 사실을 알아냈습니다.
Trump's relationship to Farage,
조사하기 시작했습니다.
an ex-employee, Christopher Wiley.
크리스토퍼 와일리를 만났고
that worked for both Trump and Brexit,
위해 일했는지 듣게 되었습니다.
their individual fears,
harvesting the profiles
프로필을 불법적으로
to get Christopher on the record.
받아내는 데 꼬박 1년이 걸렸고
from a feature writer
부정폭로전문기자로
is owned by Robert Mercer,
트럼프에게 자금을 지원하던
to sue us multiple times,
공표하는 것을 막기 위해
and we were one day ahead of publication.
공표를 하루 앞둔 어느 날에
they would sue us.
on the wrong side of history in that.
그릇된 편에 서있었습니다.
of history in this --
답변을 거부한다는 점에서
the answers that we need.
the gods of Silicon Valley.
직접 전할 말이 있어서요.
and Sergey Brin and Jack Dorsey,
세르게이 브린, 잭 도시
and your investors, too.
투자자들에게도요.
coal mines was gas.
가스가 가장 위험했죠.
보이지도 않으니까요.
down first to check the air.
대기 상태를 확인했습니다.
experiment that we are all living through,
이 거대한, 세계화된 온라인 실험실에서
기술에 의해 왜곡될 때
are disrupted by technology.
우리가 방증하고 있습니다.
our laws don't work anymore,
우리의 법은 더는 작동하지 않습니다.
a report saying this.
보고서를 발표했습니다.
invented has been amazing.
놀라운 것이지만
that you will do better in the future.
of stopping this from happening again,
않게 하기 위해서는
"Well, it was just a few ads.
"뭐, 그냥 광고 몇 개잖아.
하고 생각하겠지만
"Good luck with that."
"잘해보세요."
paid for with illegal cash,
어둠 속에 숨어서
the first in the world
of British law -- not just British laws,
닿을 수 없는 곳에 있습니다.
nine countries are represented here,
제출하기 거부한
to come and give evidence to.
is that this is bigger than you.
당신만의 문제가 아니라는 사실입니다.
or "Leave" or "Remain" or Trump or not.
트럼프냐 아니냐를 떠나서
election ever again.
그건 불가능하거든요.
is this what you want?
이게 당신이 원한 건가요?
history to remember you:
기억하길 바라나요?
is now driving us apart.
인정하지 않고 있잖습니까.
드리고 싶습니다.
내버려 둔 채
as this darkness falls?
가만히 앉아서 핸드폰이나 하는 건가요?
is of a fight for rights.
권리를 위한 투쟁이었습니다.
it's a point of inflection.
우리는 중요한 변곡점에 섰습니다.
and it is not inevitable,
필연적인 것도 아닙니다.
have this unchecked power.
검증되지 않은 권력을 허용해선 안돼요.
당신과 저, 우리 모두에게.
who have to take back control.
되찾아야합니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carole Cadwalladr - Investigative journalistCarole Cadwalladr is a British investigative journalist and features writer.
Why you should listen
Carole Cadwalladr is a journalist for the Guardian and Observer in the United Kingdom. She worked for a year with whistleblower Christopher Wylie to publish her investigation into Cambridge Analytica, which she shared with the New York Times. The investigation resulted in Mark Zuckerberg being called before Congress and Facebook losing more than $100 billion from its share price. She has also uncovered multiple crimes committed during the European referendum and evidence of Russian interference in Brexit. Her work has won a Polk Award and the Orwell Prize for political journalism, and she was named a Pulitzer Prize finalist for National Reporting in 2019. Of her award-winning work, judge Sir David Bell wrote: She "deserves high praise for the quality of her research and for her determination to shed fierce light on a story which seems by no means over yet. Orwell would have loved it."
Carole Cadwalladr | Speaker | TED.com