TED2011
Ron Gutman: The hidden power of smiling
Ron Gutman: Skrivena moć osmeha
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Ron Gutman govori o studijama o smehu i otkriva neke iznenađujuće rezultate. Da li ste znali da vaš osmeh može biti prediktor dužine vašeg života -- i da jednostavan osmeh sadrži merljive efekte vašeg celokupnog zadovoljstva životom? Pripremite se da razgibate vaše mišiće lica dok budete učili nešto više o ovom evoluciono zaraznom ponašanju.
Ron Gutman - Entrepreneur
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley. Full bio
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero.
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Kada sam bio dete, uvek sam želeo da budem superheroj.
00:18
I wanted to save the world and then make everyone happy.
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Želeo sam da spasim svet i da sve ljude učinim srećnim.
00:21
But I knew that I'd need superpowers
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Ali sam znao i da su mi potrebne super moći
00:23
to make my dreams come true.
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kako bih ostvario te svoje snove.
00:25
So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys
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Tako sam često polazio na zamišljena putovanja
00:28
to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton,
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da nađem intergalaktički objekat sa planete Kripton,
00:31
which was a lot of fun,
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što je bilo jako zabavno,
00:33
but didn't get much result.
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ali nisam dobijao neke rezultate.
00:35
When I grew up and realized
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Kada sam odrastao, shvatio sam
00:37
that science fiction was not a good source for superpowers,
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da naučna fantastika i nije baš dobar izvor super moći,
00:40
I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science,
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te sam se odlučio na put do realne nauke,
00:43
to find a more useful truth.
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kako bih pronašao korisniju istinu.
00:45
I started my journey in California
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Započeo sam svoj put u Kaliforniji, sa 30 godina
00:48
with a UC Berkeley 30-year longitudinal study
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dugom longitudinalnom studijom na Berkliju, Univerzitetu u Kaliforniji,
00:51
that examined the photos of students
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koja je istraživala fotografije studenata
00:53
in an old yearbook
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iz starog godišnjaka
00:55
and tried to measure their success and well-being
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i pokušala da izmeri njihov uspeh i zadovoljstvo
00:57
throughout their life.
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kroz život.
00:59
By measuring their student smiles,
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Mereći njihove osmehe tokom studija,
01:01
researchers were able to predict
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istraživači su bili u stanju da predvide
01:03
how fulfilling and long-lasting
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koliko će ispunjen i dugačak
01:05
a subject's marriage will be,
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brak subjekti imati,
01:08
how well she would score
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koliki će skor postići
01:10
on standardized tests of well-being
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na standardnim testovima za ispitivanje opšteg zadovoljstva
01:12
and how inspiring she would be to others.
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i koliko će biti inspirativni za druge.
01:16
In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture.
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U jednom drugom godišnjaku, naleteo sam na fotografiju Baraka Obame.
01:19
When I first saw his picture,
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Kada sam prvi put ugledao sliku,
01:21
I thought that these superpowers came from his super collar.
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mislio sam da te super moći dolaze od njegovog super okovratnika.
01:25
But now I know it was all in his smile.
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Ali sada znam da je sve zapravo u njegovom osmehu.
01:28
Another aha! moment
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Još jedan "aha!" momenat
01:30
came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project
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je došao 2010. iz projekta sa univerziteta Vejn Stejt
01:33
that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards
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koji je pretražio bejzbol kartice od pre 1950. godine
01:36
of Major League players.
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glavnih igrača prve lige.
01:38
The researchers found
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Istraživači su pronašli
01:40
that the span of a player's smile
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da raspon igračevog osmeha
01:42
could actually predict the span of his life.
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može da predvidi dužinu njegovog života.
01:45
Players who didn't smile in their pictures
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Igrači koji se nisu smejali na svojim slikama
01:48
lived an average of only 72.9 years,
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živeli su u proseku svega 72.9 godina,
01:51
where players with beaming smiles
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dok su igrači sa sjajnim osmesima
01:53
lived an average of almost 80 years.
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živeli u proseku skoro 80 godina.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:58
The good news is that we're actually born smiling.
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Dobra vest je da smo mi zapravo rođeni nasmejani.
02:01
Using 3D ultrasound technology,
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Koristeći 3D ultrazvučnu tehnologiju,
02:03
we can now see that developing babies appear to smile,
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možemo videti da se već i bebe u razvoju smeju,
02:06
even in the womb.
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čak i u materici.
02:08
When they're born,
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Kada se rode,
02:10
babies continue to smile --
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bebe nastavljaju da se smeju --
02:12
initially, mostly in their sleep.
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spontano, najčešće dok spavaju.
02:14
And even blind babies smile
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Čak se i slepe bebe smeju
02:16
to the sound of the human voice.
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na zvuk ljudskog glasa.
02:19
Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically-uniform
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Smejanje je jedna od najosnovnijih, biološki najuniformnijih
02:22
expressions of all humans.
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ekspresija svih ljudskih bića.
02:24
In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea,
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U studiji sprovedenoj u Papua Novoj Gvineji,
02:26
Paul Ekman,
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Pol Ekman,
02:28
the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions,
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najpriznatiji svetski istraživač na polju facijalne ekspresije,
02:31
found that even members of the Fore tribe,
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pronašao je da čak i pripadnici Fore plemena,
02:34
who were completely disconnected from Western culture,
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koji su u potpunosti odsečeni od zapadne kulture,
02:37
and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals,
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takođe i poznati po svojim neobičnim kanibalističkim ritualima,
02:41
attributed smiles to descriptions of situations
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pripisuju osmehe situacijama
02:44
the same way you and I would.
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na isti način na koji bi to uradili vi ili ja.
02:46
So from Papua New Guinea
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I tako od Papua Nove Gvineje
02:49
to Hollywood
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do Holivuda
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all the way to modern art in Beijing,
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pa do moderne umetnosti u Pekingu,
02:54
we smile often,
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smejemo se često,
02:56
and you smile to express joy
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i smejemo se da izrazimo radost
02:58
and satisfaction.
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i zadovoljstvo.
03:00
How many people here in this room
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Koliko se ljudi u ovoj prostoriji
03:02
smile more than 20 times per day?
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smeje više od 20 puta na dan?
03:04
Raise your hand if you do. Oh, wow.
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Podignite ruku vi koji se smejete. Oho.
03:07
Outside of this room,
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Izvan ove prostorije,
03:09
more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day,
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više od trećine nas se smeje više od 20 puta na dan,
03:12
whereas less than 14 percent of us
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dok manje od 14 procenata nas
03:15
smile less than five.
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se smeje manje od pet puta.
03:17
In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers
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Zapravo, oni sa najizvanrednijim supermoćima
03:20
are actually children,
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su zapravo deca
03:23
who smile as many as 400 times per day.
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koja se smeju oko 400 puta na dan.
03:26
Have you ever wondered why being around children
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Da li ste se ikada zapitali zašto, kada se nađete među decom
03:28
who smile so frequently
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koja se smeju toliko često,
03:30
makes you smile very often?
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i vi sami se češće smejete?
03:34
A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden
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Skorašnja studija na Upsala Univerzitetu u Švedskoj
03:36
found that it's very difficult to frown
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je pokazala da je veoma teško namrštiti se
03:39
when looking at someone who smiles.
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kada posmatrate nekoga ko se smeje.
03:41
You ask, why?
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Pitate se zašto?
03:43
Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious,
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Jer je smejanje evoluciono zarazno ponašanje,
03:45
and it suppresses the control
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i potiskuje kontrolu
03:47
we usually have on our facial muscles.
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koju obično imamo nad našim facijalnim mišićima.
03:50
Mimicking a smile
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Osmeh,
03:52
and experiencing it physically
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praćen fizičkom ekspresijom,
03:54
help us understand whether our smile is fake or real,
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pomaže da razumemo da li je osmeh lažan ili pravi,
03:58
so we can understand the emotional state
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kako bismo razumeli emocionalno stanje
04:00
of the smiler.
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osobe koja se smeje.
04:02
In a recent mimicking study
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U skorašnjoj studiji mimikrije
04:04
at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France,
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na Univerzitetu Klermon-Feran u Francuskoj,
04:07
subjects were asked to determine
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od subjekata je traženo da zaključe
04:09
whether a smile was real or fake
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da li je osmeh lažan ili pravi
04:11
while holding a pencil in their mouth
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dok su držali olovku u ustima
04:13
to repress smiling muscles.
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kako bi potisnuli mišiće zadužene za smejanje.
04:15
Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges,
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Bez olovke, subjekti su bili izvrsni procenjivači.
04:18
but with the pencil in their mouth --
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Ali sa olovkom u ustima,
04:20
when they could not mimic the smile they saw --
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kada nisu mogli da oponašaju osmeh koji su videli,
04:23
their judgment was impaired.
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njihove procene su bile slabije.
04:25
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:27
In addition to theorizing on evolution in "The Origin of Species,"
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U dodatku o teoriji evolucije u "Poreklu vrsta",
04:30
Charles Darwin also wrote
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Čarls Darvin je pisao
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the facial feedback response theory.
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o facijalnoj teoriji fidbek odgovora.
04:34
His theory states
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Postavke njegove teorije su
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that the act of smiling itself
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da čin smejanja sam po sebi
04:38
actually makes us feel better --
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zapravo čini da se osećamo bolje --
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rather than smiling being merely a result
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pre nego da je smejanje samo rezultat
04:42
of feeling good.
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osećanja zadovoljstva.
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In his study,
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U svojoj studiji,
04:46
Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne,
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Darvin citira francuskog neurologa, Giljem Dušena,
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who used electric jolts to facial muscles
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koji je koristio električne udare na facijalnu muskulaturu
04:52
to induce and stimulate smiles.
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kako bi izazvao i stimulisao osmehe.
04:54
Please, don't try this at home.
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Molim vas, ne pokušavajte ovo kod kuće.
04:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:58
In a related German study,
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U povezanoj nemačkoj studiji,
05:00
researchers used fMRI imaging
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istraživači su koristili funkcionalnu magnentnu rezonancu
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to measure brain activity
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kako bi merili moždanu aktivnost
05:04
before and after injecting Botox
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pre i posle inekcije botoksa
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to suppress smiling muscles.
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zbog potiskivanja mišića koji su aktivni prilikom smejanja.
05:10
The finding supported Darwin's theory
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Nalazi su podržali Darvinovu teoriju
05:12
by showing that facial feedback
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tako što su pokazali da facijalna povratna reakcija
05:14
modifies the neural processing
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menja neuronske procese
05:16
of emotional content in the brain
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emocionalnih sadržaja u mozgu
05:18
in a way that helps us feel better when we smile.
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na način koji pomaže da se osećamo bolje kada se smejemo.
05:22
Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism
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Smejanje stimuliše naš mozak mehanizmom nagrade
05:24
in a way that even chocolate --
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na način na koji čak ni čokolada --
05:26
a well-regarded pleasure inducer --
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poznati nagradni potkrepljivač --
05:29
cannot match.
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ne može da se poredi.
05:31
British researchers found that one smile
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Britanski istraživači su otkrili da jedan osmeh
05:34
can generate the same level of brain stimulation
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može proizvesti jednak nivo moždanih stimulacija
05:37
as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate.
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kao skoro 2000 štangli čokolade.
05:40
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:42
Wait. The same study found
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Stanite. Ista studija je pokazala
05:45
that smiling is as stimulating
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da je smejanje jednako stimulativno
05:47
as receiving up to 16,000 pounds Sterling in cash.
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kao da primite 16000 funti u kešu.
05:52
That's like 25 grand a smile.
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To vam je kao 25 hiljada dolara za osmeh.
05:54
It's not bad.
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Nije to loše.
05:56
And think about it this way:
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Razmislite o tome na ovaj način:
05:58
25,000 times 400 --
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25000 puta 400 --
06:00
quite a few kids out there
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malo koje dete se tamo napolju
06:02
feel like Mark Zuckerberg every day.
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oseća kao Mark Cukerberg svaki dan.
06:05
And, unlike lots of chocolate,
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I za razliku od mnogo čokolade,
06:07
lots of smiling can actually make you healthier.
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mnogo osmeha vas može čak učiniti zdravijim.
06:10
Smiling can help reduce the level
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Smejanje može smanjiti nivo
06:12
of stress-enhancing hormones
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hormona koji izazivaju stres
06:14
like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine,
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kao što su kortizol, adrenalin i dopamin,
06:17
increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones
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povećati nivo hormona koji povećavaju zadovoljstvo
06:19
like endorphin
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kao što je endorfin
06:21
and reduce overall blood pressure.
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i u globalu smanjiti krvni pritisak.
06:23
And if that's not enough,
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I ako to nije dovoljno,
06:25
smiling can actually make you look good
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smejanje može izgledati dobro
06:27
in the eyes of others.
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u očima drugih.
06:29
A recent study at Penn State University
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Nedavna studija na Pen Stejt Univerzitetu
06:31
found that when you smile,
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otkrila je da kada se smejete
06:33
you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous,
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ne samo da se činite dopadljivijim i prijatnijim,
06:36
but you actually appear to be more competent.
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već se doimate i kao kompetentniji.
06:40
So whenever you want to look great and competent,
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Tako da kada god želite da izgledate i dobro i kompetentno,
06:42
reduce your stress
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da smanjite stres
06:44
or improve your marriage,
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ili popravite brak,
06:46
or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate --
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ili da se osećate kao da ste upravo pojeli gomilu vrhunske čokolade --
06:49
without incurring the caloric cost --
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bez dodatnih kalorija pri tom --
06:52
or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket
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ili kao da ste pronašli 25000 dolara u džepu
06:54
of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages,
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neke stare jakne koju niste nosili godinama,
06:57
or whenever you want to tap into a superpower
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ili kada želite da upotrebite supermoći
07:01
that will help you and everyone around you
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koje će pomoći vama i svima oko vas
07:04
live a longer, healthier, happier life,
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da živite duži, zdraviji, srećniji život,
07:07
smile.
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smejte se.
07:09
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ron Gutman - EntrepreneurRon Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.
Why you should listen
Ron Gutman is the founder of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for immediate access to relevant, reliable and trusted health answers and tips from a network of doctors. Before this, he founded and led an online consumer health company that developed the world's largest community of independent health writers; it was acquired in early 2009.
As a graduate student at Stanford, Gutman organized and led a multidisciplinary group of faculty and graduate students from the schools of Engineering, Medicine, Business, Psychology and Law to conduct research in personalized health and to design ways to help people live healthier, happier lives. He is an angel investor and advisor to health and technology companies such as Rock Health (the first Interactive Health Incubator) and Harvard Medical School's SMArt Initiative ("Substitutable Medical Apps, reusable technologies"). He's the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.
Find links to all the studies that Gutman references in his talk right here >>
Ron Gutman | Speaker | TED.com