Dan Ariely: How equal do we want the world to be? You'd be surprised
دان إريلي: كم نريد أن يكون العالم متساويًا ؟ سوف تتفاجأ
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
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objective in life,
أن تكون موضوعيًا في الحياة
these color-tinted glasses
something as simple as beer.
on intensity and bitterness,
different space.
to be objective about it?
it would be very simple.
you tasted the same beer,
قمتَ بتذوق نفس الجعة،
things would look slightly different.
فسيبدو الوضع مختلفًا قليلًا.
be able to distinguish them,
will be Guinness.
يمكننا التفكير بعلم وظائف الأعضاء.
something from their physiology?
شيئًا من أجسادهم
pain medications.
the medications were expensive.
pain medication worked better.
do change our physiology.
our preconceived notions
in more important questions?
that had to do with social justice?
بالعدالة الاجتماعية؟
what is the blind tasting version
المناسبة من اختبار التذوق العشوائي
level of inequality we have?
do we want to have?
الذي نريده في مجتمعنا؟
كل الناس في الولايات المتحدة
the poorest on the right
the next 20 percent,
and the richest 20 percent.
how much wealth do you think
imagine I ask you to tell me,
is concentrated
and have a number.
have a real number in your mind.
of Americans tell us.
العديد من الأمريكيين.
has 58 percent of the wealth.
تأخذ 58 % من الثروة.
to what you thought.
مدى التطابق مع ما كنت تظنه.
has 0.1 percent of the wealth.
has 0.2 percent of the wealth.
has 84-85 percent of the wealth.
and what we think we have
the philosopher John Rawls.
of what's a just society.
عن ماهية المجتمع العادل
you knew everything about it,
to enter it in a random place.
you might want the wealthy
want more equality.
to go into that society
and you don't know,
in which you don't know
لكونك لا تعرف
when you make a decision,
the "veil of ignorance."
a large group of Americans,
in the veil of ignorance.
that would make you want to join it,
راغبًا بالانضمام إليها،
randomly at any place?
أن ينتهي فيك المطاف بأيَّ طبقة.
to the first group,
about 10 percent of the wealth.
wanted full equality.
is a fantastic idea in our sample.
ستكون فكرة عظيمة.
and what we think we have,
between what we think is right
بنفس الحجم بين ما نظنه عادلًا
by the way, not just about wealth.
على فكرة، ليس فقط عن الثروة.
from different parts of the world
the same answer.
they gave us the same answer,
وأعطونا نفس الجواب،
وقراء فوربس.
Australia, the U.S. --
وأستراليا والولايات المتحدة...
departments of a university.
almost every department,
to have more and the [poor] to have less,
الأغنياء أكثر والفقراء أقل .
to Harvard Business School.
في مدرسة هارفرد للأعمال.
about something else.
of CEO pay to unskilled workers?
مقارنة بالعمال قليلي المهارة.
people think is the ratio,
what do they think should be the ratio?
كم برأيهم يجب أن تكون النسبة؟
well, it's not that bad, right?
ليست بذللك السوء، أليس كذلك؟
are not that different.
I didn't draw them on the same scale.
أرسمهما على نفس المقياس.
and blue in there.
of prescription medication?
what we learned was that people
which is an outcome of wealth,
لايوجد مساواة فيها كنتيجة للثروة
in health or education.
are particularly open
when it comes to people
as responsible for their situation.
and we have a desirability gap
is something that we think about,
differently about inequality
حول مسألة عدم المساواة
in terms of health, education,
من ناحية الصحة والتعليم
about what we really want?
حول ما نرغب به حقًا؟
the Rawls way of looking at the world,
out of the picture.
to a higher degree
and actually do something about it?
is to think about people
يكمن في التفكير بالناس
that don't have much agency,
لا يملكون الكثير من القوة
more willing to do this.
next time you go to drink beer or wine,
عندما تذهب لشرب الجعة أو النبيذ
in your experience that is real,
that is a placebo effect
for other decisions in your life,
في القرارات الأخرى بحياتك،
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economistThe dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com