Dan Ariely: How equal do we want the world to be? You'd be surprised
댄 애리얼리: 댄 애리얼리: 우리는 세상에 어느정도의 평등함을 기대하는가?
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
objective in life,
these color-tinted glasses
간단한 것을 생각해 보십시오.
something as simple as beer.
on intensity and bitterness,
different space.
to be objective about it?
it would be very simple.
you tasted the same beer,
things would look slightly different.
be able to distinguish them,
will be Guinness.
something from their physiology?
뭔가를 기대한다면 어떻게 될까요?
pain medications.
the medications were expensive.
pain medication worked better.
do change our physiology.
신체의 생리를 바꾸었기 때문입니다.
스포츠의 경우도 다들 아시겠죠,
our preconceived notions
우리의 인지적 개념과 기대가
in more important questions?
that had to do with social justice?
what is the blind tasting version
블라인드 테스트한다면
level of inequality we have?
불평등 수준의 종류를 알고 있을까?
do we want to have?
불평등의 수준은 어느 정도일까?
the poorest on the right
the next 20 percent,
and the richest 20 percent.
how much wealth do you think
각 그룹에게 어느 정도의 부가
imagine I ask you to tell me,
is concentrated
and have a number.
have a real number in your mind.
실제 숫자를 생각해보세요.
of Americans tell us.
6.4%를 가지고 있다고 했습니다.
has 58 percent of the wealth.
58%의 부를 차지한다고 답했습니다.
to what you thought.
has 0.1 percent of the wealth.
has 0.2 percent of the wealth.
has 84-85 percent of the wealth.
84~85%의 부를 가지고 있습니다.
and what we think we have
현실은 매우 다릅니다.
the philosopher John Rawls.
of what's a just society.
개념을 정리했죠.
you knew everything about it,
to enter it in a random place.
괜찮다고 생각하는 곳입니다.
you might want the wealthy
가난한 사람들은 덜 가지길 바랄것이고,
want more equality.
더 평등해지길 바랄테니까요.
to go into that society
and you don't know,
in which you don't know
무엇이 될 지 알 수 없다는 점에서
when you make a decision,
the "veil of ignorance."
a large group of Americans,
미국인을 다수 모아서,
in the veil of ignorance.
that would make you want to join it,
randomly at any place?
to the first group,
하위 20%에게 얼마를 할당했을까요?
about 10 percent of the wealth.
10%의 부를 할당하려고 했습니다.
14%, 21%, 22%와 32%를
wanted full equality.
완전한 평등을 원하지 않았습니다.
is a fantastic idea in our sample.
이상적인 답으로 꼽지 않았습니다.
가졌다고 생각하는 부 사이에
and what we think we have,
between what we think is right
우리가 올바르다고 믿는 부 사이에도
이런 질문이 가능한 건 아니죠.
by the way, not just about wealth.
from different parts of the world
the same answer.
they gave us the same answer,
같은 대답을 했습니다.
Australia, the U.S. --
departments of a university.
almost every department,
질문을 하고 다녔는데,
to have more and the [poor] to have less,
가난한 사람은 더 적게 가지길 바라는데
to Harvard Business School.
다니셨다는 걸 압니다.
about something else.
of CEO pay to unskilled workers?
지불해야하는 비율은 어느정도일까요?
people think is the ratio,
what do they think should be the ratio?
생각했는지를 물어볼 수 있겠죠?
well, it's not that bad, right?
나쁘진 않은데요, 그렇죠?
are not that different.
I didn't draw them on the same scale.
그리지 않았기 때문입니다.
and blue in there.
of prescription medication?
what we learned was that people
원하지 않는다는 것을 확인했습니다.
which is an outcome of wealth,
다른 불평등한 요소들이 있었고
in health or education.
are particularly open
when it comes to people
as responsible for their situation.
책임이 없다고 생각하기 때문입니다.
and we have a desirability gap
is something that we think about,
differently about inequality
in terms of health, education,
about what we really want?
다르게 생각하게 할 수 있을까요?
the Rawls way of looking at the world,
롤스가 세상을 보는 방법,
out of the picture.
to a higher degree
이를 적용시킬 수 있을까요?
and actually do something about it?
현실에서 무엇을 할 수 있을까요?
is to think about people
that don't have much agency,
more willing to do this.
더 적극적이기 때문입니다.
next time you go to drink beer or wine,
in your experience that is real,
어떤 것이 진짜였고
that is a placebo effect
플라시보 효과인지 생각해보세요.
어떤 의미가 있는지도 생각해보세요.
for other decisions in your life,
정책적인 질문에 대해서도
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economistThe dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com