Dan Ariely: How equal do we want the world to be? You'd be surprised
Dan Ariely: Jak bardzo pragniemy równości na świecie? Odpowiedź cię zaskoczy.
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
objective in life,
these color-tinted glasses
okulary w pewnym kolorze,
na wszystkie sytuacje.
something as simple as beer.
on intensity and bitterness,
intensywności i goryczy,
different space.
to be objective about it?
it would be very simple.
you tasted the same beer,
things would look slightly different.
be able to distinguish them,
will be Guinness.
jakim jest Guinness.
something from their physiology?
oczekują czegoś od własnej fizjologii?
pain medications.
leki przeciwbólowe.
the medications were expensive.
że leki były drogie.
pain medication worked better.
działają lepiej.
do change our physiology.
our preconceived notions
przyjęte z góry założenia
in more important questions?
that had to do with social justice?
społecznej sprawiedliwości?
what is the blind tasting version
na dużą skalę
level of inequality we have?
obecny poziom nierówności,
do we want to have?
the poorest on the right
the next 20 percent,
and the richest 20 percent.
how much wealth do you think
imagine I ask you to tell me,
wyobraźcie sobie że pytam,
is concentrated
and have a number.
have a real number in your mind.
of Americans tell us.
has 58 percent of the wealth.
to what you thought.
has 0.1 percent of the wealth.
has 0.2 percent of the wealth.
has 84-85 percent of the wealth.
and what we think we have
the philosopher John Rawls.
of what's a just society.
you knew everything about it,
na dowolnym szczeblu.
to enter it in a random place.
you might want the wealthy
want more equality.
to go into that society
and you don't know,
in which you don't know
na ślepo czegoś nieznanego,
when you make a decision,
the "veil of ignorance."
a large group of Americans,
dużą grupę Amerykanów,
in the veil of ignorance.
that would make you want to join it,
do którego zechcesz dołączyć,
randomly at any place?
do dowolnej warstwy społecznej?".
to the first group,
about 10 percent of the wealth.
wanted full equality.
nie chciał pełnej równości.
is a fantastic idea in our sample.
to fantastyczny pomysł.
and what we think we have,
between what we think is right
między tym, co uważamy za sprawiedliwe,
by the way, not just about wealth.
from different parts of the world
ludziom z różnych części świata
the same answer.
they gave us the same answer,
i czytelników Forbesa.
Australia, the U.S. --
departments of a university.
na różnych wydziałach uczelni.
almost every department,
wydział na Harvardzie.
to have more and the [poor] to have less,
mieli więcej, a biedni mniej,
były zdumiewające.
to Harvard Business School.
studiowała w tej szkole biznesu.
about something else.
of CEO pay to unskilled workers?
CEO i niewykwalifikowanych pracowników.
people think is the ratio,
jaki ich zdaniem jest ten stosunek,
what do they think should be the ratio?
jak jest w rzeczywistości.
well, it's not that bad, right?
are not that different.
I didn't draw them on the same scale.
and blue in there.
ale jest tam żółty i niebieski.
of prescription medication?
długością życia przy urodzeniu?
what we learned was that people
which is an outcome of wealth,
nierówność wynikająca z bogactwa
in health or education.
are particularly open
są szczególnie wrażliwi
when it comes to people
as responsible for their situation.
and we have a desirability gap
is something that we think about,
differently about inequality
podejścia do nierówności
in terms of health, education,
w dziedzinie zdrowia, edukacji,
about what we really want?
by myśleli inaczej o tym, czego chcą?
the Rawls way of looking at the world,
jego spojrzenie na świat,
out of the picture.
to a higher degree
and actually do something about it?
is to think about people
to wzięcie pod uwagę
that don't have much agency,
mają wpływ na swoją sytuację,
more willing to do this.
next time you go to drink beer or wine,
in your experience that is real,
czego doświadczacie naprawdę,
that is a placebo effect
for other decisions in your life,
do innych życiowych decyzji,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economistThe dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com