Dan Ariely: How equal do we want the world to be? You'd be surprised
Dan Ariely: Wie viel Gleichheit wünschen wir uns? Sie werden überrascht sein
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
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objective in life,
these color-tinted glasses
something as simple as beer.
an etwas Einfaches wie Bier.
on intensity and bitterness,
Bitterkeit bewerten sollen,
different space.
an verschiedenen Stellen landen.
to be objective about it?
it would be very simple.
you tasted the same beer,
mit denselben Bieren,
things would look slightly different.
etwas anders aussehen.
wären auf demselben Platz.
be able to distinguish them,
nicht unterscheiden.
will be Guinness.
Physiologie vorstellen.
something from their physiology?
von unserem Körper erwarten?
pain medications.
the medications were expensive.
die Medikamente wären teuer.
pain medication worked better.
Medikamente wirkten besser.
do change our physiology.
unsere Physiologie beeinflussen.
our preconceived notions
unsere Voreingenommenheit
unsere Wahrnehmung beeinflussen.
in more important questions?
that had to do with social justice?
Gerechtigkeit zum Beispiel?
what is the blind tasting version
Ungerechtigkeit entwickeln.
level of inequality we have?
Ausmaß an Ungerechtigkeit in der Welt?
do we want to have?
möchten sie haben?
alle US-Amerikaner aufreihen,
the poorest on the right
große Gruppen aufteilen:
the next 20 percent,
die nächsten 20 Prozent,
and the richest 20 percent.
und die reichsten 20 Prozent.
how much wealth do you think
Wie viel Vermögen, denken Sie,
imagine I ask you to tell me,
is concentrated
untersten beiden Gruppen,
and have a number.
have a real number in your mind.
und haben Sie eine Zahl parat.
of Americans tell us.
besitzt 12 Prozent,
has 58 percent of the wealth.
haben 58 Prozent allen Vermögens.
to what you thought.
Ihre Schätzung widerspiegelt.
has 0.1 percent of the wealth.
besitzen 0,1 Prozent allen Vermögens.
has 0.2 percent of the wealth.
has 84-85 percent of the wealth.
hat 84 bis 85 Prozent allen Vermögens.
and what we think we have
unsere Vorstellung der Wirklichkeit
the philosopher John Rawls.
of what's a just society.
einer gerechten Gesellschaft.
you knew everything about it,
Platz darin einzunehmen.
to enter it in a random place.
you might want the wealthy
möchte man vielleicht,
want more equality.
Sie eher mehr Gleichheit.
to go into that society
and you don't know,
genau zu wissen, wo das sein wird,
in Betracht ziehen.
in which you don't know
Da wissen Sie auch nicht,
when you make a decision,
the "veil of ignorance."
"Schleier des Nichtwissens".
a large group of Americans,
andere, große Gruppe Amerikaner
in the veil of ignorance.
that would make you want to join it,
würden Sie beitreten wollen,
randomly at any place?
landen könnten?
to the first group,
about 10 percent of the wealth.
10 Prozent allen Reichtums geben.
14 Prozent allen Reichtums,
wanted full equality.
wollte vollkommene Gleichheit.
is a fantastic idea in our sample.
Stichprobe also keiner etwas.
und was wir zu haben glauben.
and what we think we have,
between what we think is right
zwischen dem, was wir gerecht finden
by the way, not just about wealth.
nicht nur über Wohlstand stellen.
from different parts of the world
aus unterschiedlichen Erdteilen
the same answer.
alle dieselbe Antwort.
they gave us the same answer,
Australia, the U.S. --
England, Australien, den USA,
departments of a university.
unterschiedliche Uni-Institute.
almost every department,
in fast jedem Institut.
to have more and the [poor] to have less,
und den Reichen weniger zugestehen würden,
to Harvard Business School.
die Harvard Business School.
about something else.
auch zu etwas anderem.
of CEO pay to unskilled workers?
Firmenchef und ungelerntem Arbeiter?
people think is the ratio,
was unsere Befragten schätzten.
what do they think should be the ratio?
ihrer Meinung nach sein sollte.
wie sieht die Wirklichkeit aus?
well, it's not that bad, right?
könnte man meinen.
are not that different.
I didn't draw them on the same scale.
im selben Maßstab zeigen.
and blue in there.
of prescription medication?
what we learned was that people
untersuchten, erkannten wir,
Wohlstand nicht mochten.
which is an outcome of wealth,
Ungleichheit, eine Folge von Wohlstand,
in health or education.
in Gesundheit oder Bildung.
are particularly open
dass Menschen besonders dann
when it comes to people
in der Gleichheit sind,
as responsible for their situation.
für ihre Situation nichts können.
and we have a desirability gap
is something that we think about,
überlegen wir zum Beispiel:
differently about inequality
gegenüber Ungleichheit
in terms of health, education,
bei Gesundheit, Bildung,
und so weiter?
about what we really want?
ändern zu dem, was wir wirklich wollen?
the Rawls way of looking at the world,
out of the picture.
Beweggründe aus der Gleichung.
to a higher degree
and actually do something about it?
diese Fragen wirklich etwas ändern?
is to think about people
ist es, sich Menschen
that don't have much agency,
mit wenig Macht vorzustellen.
more willing to do this.
eher bereit zu handeln.
next time you go to drink beer or wine,
Bier oder Wein trinken,
in your experience that is real,
von Ihrem Erlebnis real
that is a placebo effect
for other decisions in your life,
in anderen Entscheidungen spielt
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economistThe dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com