Alice Goffman: How we're priming some kids for college — and others for prison
Alice Goffman: Cómo preparamos a unos jóvenes para la universidad y a otros para la cárcel
Alice Goffman’s fieldwork in a struggling Philadelphia neighborhood sheds harsh light on a justice system that creates suspects rather than citizens. Full bio
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travel to adulthood,
de EE.UU. a la edad adulta,
a lot about: college.
mucho es la universidad.
the excitement that you felt
la emoción que sintieron
en la universidad ahora
at this very moment.
en este preciso momento.
algunas deficiencias.
young people in debt.
jóvenes endeudados.
es un muy buen camino.
with pride and with great friends
con orgullo, con grandes amigos
about the world.
than they had before they got there.
que antes de llegar allí.
the second institution
la segunda institución
to adulthood in the United States.
a la edad adulta en EE. UU.
are meeting with probation officers
con agentes de libertad condicional
en vez de a clase.
instead of to class.
a trip to a state correctional facility.
van de viaje a un centro correccional.
nos cuesta mucho,
to prison in New Jersey.
a prisión en Nueva Jersey.
pagan la factura
is a cold prison cell
when they come home
su contra cuando llegan a casa
on this journey to adulthood
este viaje a la edad adulta
and that's because in the past 40 years,
porque en los últimos 40 años
has grown by 700 percent.
creció un 700 %.
para esta charla.
de encarcelamiento,
in the population.
100 000 habitantes de la población.
that we're sending to prison,
cárcel a los jóvenes pobres,
and Latino communities
the young people trying to make it
entre los jóvenes
a bit worse than this
es un poco peor que esto
poor kids to prison,
a los jóvenes pobres a la prisión,
con tasas judiciales,
libertad condicional,
in halfway houses and on house arrest,
reinserción y en arresto domiciliario,
to negotiate a police force
con una fuerza policial
communities of color,
pobres y de color
of promoting public safety,
to line city coffers.
de las arcas municipales.
historic experiment in punishment:
experimento histórico de castigo:
they will be stopped, searched and seized.
ser detenidos, requisados y arrestados.
but in their homes,
sino en sus hogares,
other path to adulthood
camino a la edad adulta
African-American neighborhood.
barrio afro de EE.UU.
journeys going on simultaneously:
ocurren al mismo tiempo:
this elite, private university,
universidad privada, de élite,
the adjacent neighborhood,
are being shipped to prison.
envía a la cárcel.
a young woman who was in high school
tutora de una joven de secundaria
away from the university.
de la universidad.
from a juvenile detention center.
centro de detención juvenil.
de 1º de secundaria.
and his friends and family,
y a sus amigos y familiares,
about me writing about his life
mí que escribía sobre su vida
en la universidad.
a dissertation at Princeton
en una tesis de Princeton
and I spent the next six years
los siguientes 6 años
were facing as they came of age.
los jóvenes en su mayoría de edad.
in this neighborhood,
pasé en este barrio,
ran after the other boy.
to the younger boy,
the other child's pocket,
del otro niño,
he was carrying any drugs
portaba alguna droga
simply give up running,
dejaban de correr,
against the ground
or flat up against a wall.
o hacia arriba contra la pared.
and you're never coming home!"
¡nunca volverás a casa!"
pull another child's pants down
tirar de los pantalones de otro
búsqueda de cavidad.
in this neighborhood,
que viví en ese barrio,
any contact between police
cualquier contacto entre la policía
pedestrians or people in cars,
o personas en los autos,
with five exceptions.
con 5 excepciones.
break down doors,
in their home.
in this first year and a half,
kick, stomp on or beat young men
asfixiar, patear o pisar a jóvenes
a dos hermanos,
a senior in high school.
estudiaba el último año de secundaria.
and making C's and B's.
y tenía Ces y Bes.
he followed him around a lot,
with a front lawn and a back porch.
delantero y un porche trasero.
all while the boys were growing up.
mientras los muchachos crecían.
to hold down a job for very long.
un trabajo por mucho tiempo.
that supported the family,
for food and clothes
pagar ropa, alimentos
a senior in high school.
el último año de la secundaria.
en el patio de la escuela
de puta drogadicta.
with aggravated assault.
acusaron de asalto agravado.
al día siguiente,
more than anything.
más que nada.
tenía 18 años,
to adult county jail
de adultos del condado
del noreste de Filadelfia,
he couldn't afford it --
la fianza --no podía permitírselo--
dragged on and on and on
los juicios se extendieron
de esa temporada,
threw out most of the charges
la mayor parte de los cargos
of court fees hanging over his head.
judiciales sobre su cabeza.
to re-enroll as a senior,
de volver a su último año,
la escuela le dijo que
to be readmitted.
mayor para ser readmitido.
issued him a warrant for his arrest
emitió una orden de arresto
the 225 dollars in court fees
USD 225 en tasas judiciales
the case ended.
después de terminado el caso.
living on the run.
que vivía en la carretera.
llegó más tarde ese año
to get his warrant lifted
levantar su orden judicial
for the court fees
de las tasas judiciales
in his girlfriend's car.
en el auto de su novia.
detiene el auto,
as stolen in California.
como robado en California.
of this car it had been stolen.
había sido robado.
from a used car auction
en una subasta de autos usados
outside of the tri-state,
fuera de la tri-estatal,
receiving stolen property.
recibir propiedad robada.
a few days later,
unos días más tarde,
a stolen property
three years of probation.
hanging over his head,
condicional sobre su cabeza,
how to run from the police.
on their back porch
en su porche trasero
how to spot undercover cars,
vehículos encubiertos,
how and where to hide.
nocturna, cómo y dónde esconderse.
where kids were going to college,
los chicos fuesen a la universidad,
I got to grow up in.
que yo tengo que crecer.
they're committing crimes!
¡están cometiendo delitos!
living in fear of arrest?
con el temor al arresto?
that other young people
cosas que los otros jóvenes
with impunity.
hacen con impunidad.
would have ended there,
an aggravated assault case.
en un caso de asalto agravado.
I went to college with
que fui a la universidad
if the police had stopped those kids
si la policía los hubiese detenido
as they walked to class?
de camino a clases?
in the middle of the night?
en medio de la noche?
tasa de encarcelamiento
really low crime rate?
bajo índice de criminalidad?
Crime is down.
El crimen es bajo.
the '90s and through the 2000s.
años 90 y en la década de 2000.
un comité de académicos
of Sciences last year,
de Ciencias el año pasado,
historically high incarceration rates
encarcelamiento históricamente altos
es bastante inestable.
goes up and down
we send to prison.
jóvenes enviemos a la cárcel.
in a pretty narrow way:
de manera muy estrecha:
wrongfully convicted.
of something you did do,
there are perpetrators.
more broadly than that.
un poco más amplia que eso.
in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods,
viven en los barrios más desfavorecidos,
of family resources,
the country's worst schools,
in the labor market,
del mercado laboral,
where violence is an everyday problem,
violencia es un problema cotidiano,
the thinnest possible line --
por la cuerda más delgada posible...
to young kids facing these challenges?
que enfrentan estos desafíos?
jail time and this fugitive existence?
cárcel y una existencia fugitiva?
that prioritizes recovery,
penal que priorice la recuperación,
that acknowledges
que reconozca
of color in the U.S. have faced
de color han enfrentado en EE.UU.
and perpetuate those exclusions.
esas exclusiones.
that believes in black young people,
penal que crea en los jóvenes negros,
as the enemy to be rounded up.
el enemigo de la redada.
wrote "The New Jim Crow,"
escribió "El nuevo Jim Crow",
incarceration as a civil rights issue
como un asunto de derechos civiles
they had not seen it before.
como nunca antes se había visto.
Eric Holder have come out very strongly
Eric Holder abordaron con mucha fuerza
racial disparity in incarceration.
la disparidad racial en la cárcel.
Stop and Frisk
el "parar y cachear"
derechos civiles que es.
decriminalize possession of marijuana.
despenalizan la posesión de marihuana.
and California
prison populations, closing prisons,
penitenciarias, cierran cárceles,
gran descenso del crimen.
investing in education.
invierte en educación.
from the right and the left,
desde la derecha y la izquierda,
and fiscal conservatives,
y fiscales conservadores,
and libertarians,
y libertarios,
to protest police violence
protestar contra la violencia policial
decarceration initiatives
iniciativas de reducción de cárceles.
our criminal justice system
del sistema de justicia penal
that the right and the left
la derecha y la izquierda
this political moment in my lifetime.
momento político en mi vida.
who have been working tirelessly
han estado trabajando sin descanso
high incarceration rates
encarcelamiento históricas
this moment in our lifetime.
este momento en nuestra vida.
how much can we make of it?
¿cuánto podemos hacer con ella?
llamada a los jóvenes,
a la universidad
struggling to stay out of prison
mantenerse fuera de la cárcel
and return home.
to adulthood are worlds apart,
a la adultez son mundos aparte,
in these two institutions
en estas dos instituciones
of reforming our criminal justice system.
de nuestro sistema de justicia penal.
in the fight for equal rights,
en la lucha por la igualdad de derechos,
to be granted dignity
más personas tengan dignidad
por la libertad.
of young people
moment, potentially,
radical, potencialmente,
build a new criminal justice system,
de justicia penal,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alice Goffman - Urban sociologistAlice Goffman’s fieldwork in a struggling Philadelphia neighborhood sheds harsh light on a justice system that creates suspects rather than citizens.
Why you should listen
As an undergraduate studying sociology at the University of Pennsylvania, Alice Goffman was inspired to write her senior thesis about the lives of the young people living in the historic African-American neighborhood that surrounded the school. She lived side-by-side with a group of young men in one of the US’s most distressed communities, experiencing a troubling and rarely discussed side of urban policing -- the beatings, late night raids and body searches that systematically pit young men against authority.
Goffman spent six years in the community, the work transforming into her dissertation at Princeton and then into the book, On the Run. In it, Goffman weaves groundbreaking research into a narrative amplifying neglected and often-ignored voices into a stirring, personal indictment of the social, economic and political forces that unwittingly conspire to push entire communities to the margins of society.
Goffman is now an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a vocal advocate for change in America.
Alice Goffman | Speaker | TED.com