Alice Goffman: How we're priming some kids for college — and others for prison
آلیس گافمن: چطور برخی بچه ها را به دانشگاه سوق می دهیم و عده دیگری را به زندان
Alice Goffman’s fieldwork in a struggling Philadelphia neighborhood sheds harsh light on a justice system that creates suspects rather than citizens. Full bio
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travel to adulthood,
a lot about: college.
the excitement that you felt
at this very moment.
young people in debt.
with pride and with great friends
about the world.
than they had before they got there.
the second institution
to adulthood in the United States.
are meeting with probation officers
instead of to class.
a trip to a state correctional facility.
به سفری به مراکز تادیبی دولت می روند.
to prison in New Jersey.
is a cold prison cell
when they come home
on this journey to adulthood
and that's because in the past 40 years,
و این به دلیل آن است که در ۴۰ سال گذشته،
has grown by 700 percent.
in the population.
that we're sending to prison,
and Latino communities
the young people trying to make it
جوانی که تلاش میکنند زندگی را بسازند
a bit worse than this
poor kids to prison,
in halfway houses and on house arrest,
و بازداشت خانگی زندگی کنند،
to negotiate a police force
communities of color,
of promoting public safety,
ترویج امنیت عمومی،
to line city coffers.
برای پیشنهاد بودجه شهرها.
historic experiment in punishment:
آزمایش تاریخی ما برای مجازات است :
they will be stopped, searched and seized.
آنها را نگه دارند، جستجو کنند و توقیفشان کنند.
but in their homes,
بلکه در خانههایشان،
other path to adulthood
African-American neighborhood.
journeys going on simultaneously:
بطور همزمان پیش می روند را دارید:
this elite, private university,
the adjacent neighborhood,
are being shipped to prison.
a young woman who was in high school
کردم که به دبیرستان می رفت
away from the university.
from a juvenile detention center.
and his friends and family,
about me writing about his life
درباره او و خانوادهاش برای پایاننامه دانشگاهم
a dissertation at Princeton
and I spent the next six years
و شش سال بعدی را
were facing as they came of age.
با چه مسائلی روبرو هستند را در آنجا گذراندم.
in this neighborhood,
ran after the other boy.
to the younger boy,
the other child's pocket,
he was carrying any drugs
simply give up running,
against the ground
or flat up against a wall.
و یا رو به دیوار می ایستادند
and you're never coming home!"
و تو هرگز به خانه برنخواهی گشت."
pull another child's pants down
که شلوار بچه دیگری را پائین کشید
in this neighborhood,
any contact between police
pedestrians or people in cars,
with five exceptions.
break down doors,
in their home.
in this first year and a half,
kick, stomp on or beat young men
ضربه بهشان می زد، لگد بهشان می زد و ضرب و شتم می کرد
a senior in high school.
سال آخر دبیرستان.
and making C's and B's.
و بازی های کامپیوتری درست میکرد.
he followed him around a lot,
و خیلی اوقات همه جا به دنبال او می رفت
with a front lawn and a back porch.
ایوانی در عقب خانه زندگی می کردند.
all while the boys were growing up.
درحالی که پسرها بزرگ می شدند.
to hold down a job for very long.
شغلش برای مدت زیادی نبود.
that supported the family,
بود که خانواده را تامین میکرد.
for food and clothes
a senior in high school.
او سال آخر دبیرستان بود.
with aggravated assault.
more than anything.
to adult county jail
he couldn't afford it --
او توانایی پراخت را نداشت--
dragged on and on and on
threw out most of the charges
of court fees hanging over his head.
که بر دوشش گذاشته شده بود.
to re-enroll as a senior,
to be readmitted.
issued him a warrant for his arrest
the 225 dollars in court fees
the case ended.
یافته بود از طرف دادگاه آمده بود.
living on the run.
to get his warrant lifted
for the court fees
in his girlfriend's car.
as stolen in California.
of this car it had been stolen.
from a used car auction
outside of the tri-state,
receiving stolen property.
دریافت اموال به سرقت رفته بازداشت کرد.
a few days later,
a stolen property
three years of probation.
سه سال حبس تعلیقی صادر کرد.
hanging over his head,
how to run from the police.
on their back porch
how to spot undercover cars,
خودرو پلیس مخفی را تشخیص دهد.
how and where to hide.
چگونه و کجا پنهان شود.
where kids were going to college,
I got to grow up in.
they're committing crimes!
living in fear of arrest?
that other young people
with impunity.
would have ended there,
an aggravated assault case.
I went to college with
if the police had stopped those kids
as they walked to class?
هنگامی که به کلاس وارد می شدند مواد مخدر داشتند؟
in the middle of the night?
( چند نفر از آنها مواد مخدر داشتند)؟
really low crime rate?
Crime is down.
بزهکاری کم است.
the '90s and through the 2000s.
of Sciences last year,
علوم در سال گذشته جمع آوری شده،
historically high incarceration rates
goes up and down
we send to prison.
in a pretty narrow way:
wrongfully convicted.
of something you did do,
there are perpetrators.
more broadly than that.
in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods,
of family resources,
the country's worst schools,
in the labor market,
where violence is an everyday problem,
the thinnest possible line --
to young kids facing these challenges?
کمک و پشتیبانی را فراهم نمی کنیم؟
jail time and this fugitive existence?
that prioritizes recovery,
را تصور کنیم که به بخود آمدن،
that acknowledges
of color in the U.S. have faced
رنگ پوست در ایالات متحده با آن روبرو بوده اند
and perpetuate those exclusions.
that believes in black young people,
که نوجوانان سیاه پوست را باور داشته باشد،
as the enemy to be rounded up.
به عنوان دشمنی که باید دستگیر شوند برخورد کند.
wrote "The New Jim Crow,"
"نیو جیم کرو " را نوشت،
incarceration as a civil rights issue
یک مسئله حقوق مدنی ببینند
they had not seen it before.
که تا آن زمان ندیده بودند .
Eric Holder have come out very strongly
اریک هولدر به شدت
racial disparity in incarceration.
Stop and Frisk
decriminalize possession of marijuana.
داشتن ماری جوانا در آنها دیگر جرم نیست.
and California
و کالیفرنیا
prison populations, closing prisons,
زندانهایی را بسته اند،
investing in education.
سرمایه گذاری می کنند.
from the right and the left,
جناج چپ و راست، که تشکیل شده از
and fiscal conservatives,
و محافظه کاران مالی،
and libertarians,
و آزادی خواهان،
to protest police violence
decarceration initiatives
و آزاد سازی زندانیان هزینه میکنید.
our criminal justice system
that the right and the left
this political moment in my lifetime.
who have been working tirelessly
که بطور خستگی ناپذیری
high incarceration rates
this moment in our lifetime.
how much can we make of it?
چقدر میتوانیم این را اصلاح کنیم؟
struggling to stay out of prison
and return home.
to adulthood are worlds apart,
in these two institutions
of reforming our criminal justice system.
in the fight for equal rights,
to be granted dignity
of young people
moment, potentially,
که بطور بالقوه
build a new criminal justice system,
یک سیستم عدالت کیفری جدید بسازید،
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alice Goffman - Urban sociologistAlice Goffman’s fieldwork in a struggling Philadelphia neighborhood sheds harsh light on a justice system that creates suspects rather than citizens.
Why you should listen
As an undergraduate studying sociology at the University of Pennsylvania, Alice Goffman was inspired to write her senior thesis about the lives of the young people living in the historic African-American neighborhood that surrounded the school. She lived side-by-side with a group of young men in one of the US’s most distressed communities, experiencing a troubling and rarely discussed side of urban policing -- the beatings, late night raids and body searches that systematically pit young men against authority.
Goffman spent six years in the community, the work transforming into her dissertation at Princeton and then into the book, On the Run. In it, Goffman weaves groundbreaking research into a narrative amplifying neglected and often-ignored voices into a stirring, personal indictment of the social, economic and political forces that unwittingly conspire to push entire communities to the margins of society.
Goffman is now an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a vocal advocate for change in America.
Alice Goffman | Speaker | TED.com