Steven Wise: Chimps have feelings and thoughts. They should also have rights
Steven Wise: Los chimpancés tienen sentimientos y pensamientos. También deben tener derechos
By challenging long-held legal notions of “personhood”, Steven Wise seeks to grant cognitively advanced animals access to a full spectrum of fundamental rights. Full bio
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or the cars you own.
libros o los autos que tienen.
que ven detrás de mí,
puedo hacerle esto.
to my book or my car.
a mi libro o a mi coche.
named James Mollison
tomadas por James Mollison
"James & Other Apes."
how every single one them,
cómo cada uno de ellos,
die before his eyes.
y a su padre morir ante sus ojos.
a great legal wall
una gran muralla legal
from legal persons.
de las personas jurídicas.
are invisible to judges.
son invisibles para los jueces.
the capacity for legal rights.
a los derechos legales.
are the legal persons.
están las personas jurídicas.
muy visibles para los jueces.
for an infinite number of rights.
un sinfín de derechos.
are legal things.
son cosas legales.
somos personas jurídicas.
synonymous with a legal person.
de persona jurídica.
are not synonymous.
jurídicas no son sinónimos.
over the centuries
humanos a través de los siglos
were sometimes legal things.
fueron a veces cosas legales.
struggle over the last centuries
en los últimos siglos
through that wall and begin to feed
con perforar ese muro
y se conviertan en personas legales.
and have them become legal persons.
ese agujero se ha cerrado.
están las personas jurídicas,
limited to human beings.
a los seres humanos.
legal persons who are not even alive.
ejemplo, que ni siquiera están vivas.
that corporations are legal persons.
son personas jurídicas.
hindú era una persona jurídica,
was a legal person,
una persona jurídica.
religión sij eran una persona jurídica.
of the Sikh religion was a legal person,
the indigenous peoples of New Zealand
indígenas de Nueva Zelanda
that a river was a legal person
que un río era una persona jurídica,
Peter Singer en 1980,
of lush, brown hair,
de cabello castaño exuberante,
I wanted to speak for the voiceless,
quería hablar por los sin voz,
and defenseless the trillions,
millones de silenciados e indefensos,
de animales no humanos.
as an animal protection lawyer.
en protección de animales.
to accomplish something
estaba tratando de lograr algo
I was trying to defend,
yo trataba de defender,
was they had, at least some of them,
sería si al menos alguno de ellos
that we could open up again in that wall
que pudiésemos abrir en el muro
nonhuman animals through that hole
no humanos a través de ese agujero
of being legal persons.
very little known about or spoken about
y se hablaba muy poco
los derechos animales,
or legal rights for a nonhuman animal,
o derechos legales de animales no humanos
to take a long time.
would take about 30 years
que pasarían unos 30 años
a strategic litigation,
empezar un litigio estratégico,
to punch another hole through that wall.
perforar otro agujero en ese muro.
that it only took 28.
solo demoró 28 años.
to begin was not only
jurídicas y dar clases, escribir libros,
and teach classes, write books,
to get down to the nuts and bolts
a ajustar pernos y tornillos
was figure out what a cause of action was,
determinar qué era una causa de acción,
is a vehicle that lawyers use
vehículo que usan los abogados
a very interesting case
un caso muy interesante
in London called Somerset vs. Stewart,
llamado Somerset vs. Stewart,
had used the legal system
usó el sistema legal
to a legal person.
a persona jurídica.
eventually wrote an entire book about it.
escribí un libro sobre el tema.
when he was kidnapped from West Africa.
en África occidental.
named Charles Stewart in Virginia.
llamado Charles Stewart en Virginia.
brought James Somerset to London,
a James Somerset a Londres,
he was going to escape.
James decidió escapar.
was to get himself baptized,
que hizo fue bautizarse,
a set of godparents,
responsibilities of godfathers
principales de un padrino
with Charles Stewart.
confrontación con Charles Stewart.
but then James dropped out of sight.
pero James se perdió de vista.
then hired slave catchers
contrató cazadores de esclavos
not back to Charles Stewart,
no ante Charles Stewart,
that was floating in London Harbour,
que esperaba en el puerto de Londres,
in the slave markets
en los mercados de esclavos
years of life that a slave had
de vida que tenía un esclavo
swung into action.
entraron en acción.
of the court of King's Bench,
de la corte de King's Bench,
a common law writ of habeus corpus
un recurso de habeas corpus
that English-speaking judges can make
los jueces anglosajones pueden acudir
by statutes or constitutions,
por estatutos o constituciones,
is called the Great Writ,
se denomina Gran Mandato,
who are detained against our will.
detenciones contra nuestra voluntad.
to bring the detainee in
for depriving him of his bodily liberty.
para privar al detenido de su libertad.
a decision right off the bat,
una decisión de buenas a primeras,
was a legal thing,
era una cosa legal,
for a writ of habeus corpus,
recurso de habeas corpus,
that he would assume,
que supondría, sin decidir,
was indeed a legal person,
de hecho una persona jurídica,
and James's body was brought in
over the next six months.
hubo una serie de audiencias.
said that slavery was so odious,
dijo que la esclavitud era tan odiosa,
and he ordered James free.
y ordenó liberar a James.
underwent a legal transubstantiation.
sufrió una transubstanciación legal.
out of the courtroom
who had walked in,
aspecto que el esclavo que entró,
they had nothing whatsoever in common.
no tenían absolutamente nada en común.
el proyecto de derechos no humanos,
the Nonhuman Rights Project,
what kind of values and principles
qué tipo de valores y principios
did they imbibe with their mother's milk,
reciben desde la cuna,
do they use every day,
derecho, qué usan todos los días,
and we chose liberty and equality.
elegimos la libertad y la igualdad.
to which you're entitled
de derecho que uno recibe
protects a fundamental interest.
protege un interés fundamental.
and self-determination.
y a la autodeterminación.
in a common law country,
un país de derecho común,
life-saving medical treatment,
al tratamiento médico que salva vidas,
a aceptarlo porque respetará
your self-determination and your autonomy.
y su autonomía.
of right to which you're entitled
in a relevant way,
de forma relevante,
de forma relevante.
they have the right, you're like them,
tiene el derecho, uno es como ellos,
draw lines all the time.
trazan líneas todo el tiempo.
otros están excluidos.
at the bare minimum you must --
to a legitimate end.
razonable hacia un fin legítimo.
argumenta que trazar una línea
argues that drawing a line
and self-determining being
autónomo y autodeterminado
to find the jurisdiction
encontrar la jurisdicción
presentando el primer litigio.
filing our first suit.
who our plaintiffs are going to be.
serían nuestros demandantes.
was on our board of directors,
en nuestro consejo de directores,
habían estudiado
intensively for decades.
cognitive capabilities that they have,
capacidades cognitivas que tienen,
that human beings have.
and we began to then canvass the world
y empezamos a sondear el mundo
in chimpanzee cognition.
la cognición del chimpancé.
Scotland, England and the United States,
Alemania, Escocia, Inglaterra y EE.UU,
100 páginas de declaraciones juradas
100 pages of affidavits
cognitive capability,
capacidades cognitivas,
and self-determination.
y autodeterminación.
that they were conscious.
que eran conscientes.
that they're conscious.
de que son conscientes.
They know that others have minds.
Saben que los demás tienen mentes.
and that they can live.
y que pueden vivir.
and they will live tomorrow.
ayer y vivirán mañana.
They remember what happened yesterday.
tiempo. Recuerdan lo que sucedió ayer.
a chimpanzee, especially alone.
a un chimpancé, sobre todo solo.
to our worst criminals,
a nuestros peores criminales,
without even thinking about it.
sin siquiera pensar en ello.
with human beings,
con los seres humanos,
even when they're not required to do so.
incluso si no están obligados a hacerlo.
They understand numbers.
or to stay out of the language wars,
o alejarse de las guerras de idiomas,
and referential communication
intencional y referencial
to the attitudes of those
de aquellos con los que hablan.
a social culture.
una cultura social.
in the Ivory Coast
en Costa de Marfil encontraron
these rocks to smash open
estas rocas para abrir
cáscaras de nueces.
to learn how to do that,
and they found
this way of doing it,
esta forma de hacerlo.
for at least 4,300 years
durante al menos 4300 años,
a nuestro chimpancé.
in the state of New York.
2 en el estado de Nueva York.
we could even get our suits filed.
siquiera de empezar el litigio.
You see him behind me.
lo ven detrás de mí.
We found him in that cage.
Lo encontramos en esa jaula.
that was filled with cages
sala pequeña llena de jaulas
trailer lot in central New York.
en el centro de Nueva York.
es parcialmente sordo.
storefront in western Massachusetts.
de una tienda de cemento
anatomical research at Stony Brook.
y anatómicas en Stony Brook.
de diciembre de 2013,
suits all across the state of New York
no humanos presentó 3 litigios
writ of habeus corpus argument
habeas corpus de la ley común
these common law writs of habeus corpus.
recursos de habeas corpus.
to Save the Chimps,
sanctuary in South Florida
de chimpancés del sur de la Florida
with 12 or 13 islands --
con 12 o 13 islas;
where two dozen chimpanzees live
de chimpancés en cada una.
the life of a chimpanzee,
vidas de chimpancés,
lo más cercano a África posible.
that was as close to Africa as possible.
our Lord Mansfield.
a nuestro Lord Mansfield.
litigation campaign. We shall.
estrategia a largo plazo. Lo haremos.
is that they're not the end,
casos no como el fin,
the end of the beginning.
el final del principio.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Steven Wise - Animal rights lawyerBy challenging long-held legal notions of “personhood”, Steven Wise seeks to grant cognitively advanced animals access to a full spectrum of fundamental rights.
Why you should listen
Using a long-term litigation campaign based on existing habeas corpus law, Steven Wise and the Nonhuman Rights Project are redefining the playing field for animal rights law. While the high-profile New York lawsuits Wise has initiated on behalf of captive chimpanzees have yet to bear fruit, they’re only the first stage of a strategy that is changing the conversation about animal rights.
Wise’s work with the Nonhuman Rights Project is the subject of Unlocking the Cage, a forthcoming film by Chris Hegedus and D.A. Pennebaker.
Steven Wise | Speaker | TED.com