Edsel Salvaña: The dangerous evolution of HIV
ادسل سالوانیا: تکامل خطرناک HIV
TED Fellow Edsel Salvaña studies the genetics of HIV, and he worries that we are just a few mutations away from the next deadly pandemic. Full bio
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and bluest skies on the planet.
و آبیترین آسمانهای دنیا.
HIV epidemics in the world.
همهگیریهای HIV در دنیا است.
as if we are just a late bloomer.
که ما دیر دست به کار شدهایم.
for our current epidemic
a global resurgence of HIV.
پیش آگهی تجدید حیات HIV در دنیا باشد.
continue to drop in the world,
ابتلا به HIV در دنیا رو به کاهش است،
and resistant viruses arrive.
و مقاومتر در برابر دارو از راه برسد.
into a new and different virus
به ویروسی جدید و متفاوت تبدیل کند.
we've made in reversing the epidemic,
که در برگرداندن روند همهگیری داشتهایم،
viral mutations away from disaster.
چند جهش ویروسی تا فاجعه فاصله داریم.
in which HIV transforms itself
با آن منتقل میشود،
among humans of different races
از نژادهای مختلف
is only 0.1 percent.
تنها ۰/۱ درصد است.
and rhesus macaques,
و بوزینهها نگاه کنیم،
between HIV subtypes
between an infecting mother virus
یک ویروس آلوده کننده مادر،
as much as five percent.
که میتواند تا پنج درصد باشد.
giving birth to a chimpanzee,
اول یک شامپانزه به دنیا بیاورد،
within its lifetime.
دیگری را به صورت تصادفی به دنیا بیاورد.
being discovered regularly.
به طور منظم کشف میشوند.
is almost all of one subtype:
معمولاً از یک زیرگونه است:
and do to treat HIV
هرچه میدانیم و میکنیم
accounts for 12 percent
of cases of HIV in the world.
genetic difference
to become drug-resistant
بیشتر احتمال مقاومت در برابر دارو دارند
و به ایدز منجر میشوند.
of HIV cases in the Philippines
from the Western subtype B
Southeast Asian subtype AE.
جنوب شرق آسیای AE مربوط است.
مقاومت در برابر دارو هستند.
in developed countries,
Canada and the United States.
کانادا و ایالات متحده است.
explosion of cases in these countries.
شاهد انفجاری مشابه در این کشورها هم باشیم.
کار HIV تمام شده است
it can come right back.
malaria was on the ropes.
پشت مالاریا داشت به خاک میرسید.
stopped paying attention.
of drug-resistant malaria.
گونه مقاوم در برابر داروی مالاریا بود.
that we think we've figured out,
که فکر میکنیم حل شده است،
and highly unique viruses,
به شدت خاص که به سرعت تکامل مییابند،
the next deadly epidemic.
منجر به همهگیری مرگبار بعدی شود.
more powerful and new tools
ابزارهای قویتر و جدیدتر هستیم
the next deadly HIV strain,
نژاد کشنده جدید HIV را شناسایی کنیم،
with urgent research
of non-B subtypes.
و درمان مناسب برای آنها را کشف کنیم.
of an AIDS-free generation.
میلیونها نفر دیگر خواهند مرد.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Edsel Salvaña - Infectious disease specialist, molecular epidemiologistTED Fellow Edsel Salvaña studies the genetics of HIV, and he worries that we are just a few mutations away from the next deadly pandemic.
Why you should listen
Dr. Edsel Salvaña discovered that the driving force behind a new AIDS epidemic in the Philippines is the entry and spread of a deadlier strain of HIV -- a situation that can easily occur anywhere in the world.
Salvaña is an infectious disease specialist, molecular epidemiologist and is the director of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at the National Institutes of Health at the University of the Philippines in Manila. He is using next-generation sequencing and other cutting-edge genetic tools to study HIV viral diversity and superinfection. He is looking at how HIV develops drug resistance to better understand why his country suddenly has the fastest growing HIV epidemic in Asia; and why HIV treatment that works well in developed countries is failing on emerging HIV strains in the Philippines and resource-limited settings. He trains doctors in infectious diseases, and supervises the care of several thousand HIV patients at the Philippine General Hospital. He has been a national force in the formulation of HIV treatment guidelines, campaigning against stigma, and raising awareness.
Salvaña's advocacy work has been featured in Science, and he has been recognized with numerous national and international awards including the "Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the World" from JCI International and the Young Physician Leader Award from the Interacademy Medical Panel of the World Academy of Sciences. He was named a TED Fellow in 2017.
Edsel Salvaña | Speaker | TED.com