Edsel Salvaña: The dangerous evolution of HIV
エゼル・サルバナ: HIVの危険な進化
TED Fellow Edsel Salvaña studies the genetics of HIV, and he worries that we are just a few mutations away from the next deadly pandemic. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
のどかな国です
一番青い空もあります
and bluest skies on the planet.
HIV epidemics in the world.
急増している地域の中心でもあります
as if we are just a late bloomer.
遅かっただけのように思えますが
for our current epidemic
a global resurgence of HIV.
前兆かもしれません
continue to drop in the world,
下がり続けていますが
耐性ウイルスが出現するまでの
and resistant viruses arrive.
into a new and different virus
なる可能性があります
we've made in reversing the epidemic,
目覚ましい進歩にもかかわらず
大惨事になりかねないのです
viral mutations away from disaster.
in which HIV transforms itself
among humans of different races
異人種の間で
たったの0.1%しかありません
is only 0.1 percent.
and rhesus macaques,
between HIV subtypes
HIVサブタイプの
between an infecting mother virus
遺伝子的差異は
as much as five percent.
giving birth to a chimpanzee,
生むようなものです
within its lifetime.
100近くあり
発見されています
being discovered regularly.
is almost all of one subtype:
ある1つのサブタイプ―
and do to treat HIV
私たちが知り 行っている大部分は
基づいています
accounts for 12 percent
にもかかわらず です
of cases of HIV in the world.
genetic difference
より早期にAIDSに進展する
to become drug-resistant
of HIV cases in the Philippines
HIV患者の爆発的増加は
より侵攻性の 東南アジア―
from the Western subtype B
移行によるものだと発見しました
Southeast Asian subtype AE.
アメリカ合衆国などの
in developed countries,
Canada and the United States.
explosion of cases in these countries.
爆発的な患者数増加があるかもしれません
思っていたり
感じていても
またやってくる可能性があります
it can come right back.
malaria was on the ropes.
マラリアは絶滅寸前でした
注意を向けなくなりました
stopped paying attention.
of drug-resistant malaria.
マラリアが 再出現したのです
that we think we've figured out,
考えるべきではありません
and highly unique viruses,
ウイルスの集団として その1つ1つが
考えるべきなのです
the next deadly epidemic.
more powerful and new tools
見つける手助けをする
開発中です
the next deadly HIV strain,
適切な治療法に関する緊急の研究との
with urgent research
of non-B subtypes.
納得させる必要があるのです
HIVで亡くなっています
of an AIDS-free generation.
なりかけていますが
死ぬことになるでしょう
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Edsel Salvaña - Infectious disease specialist, molecular epidemiologistTED Fellow Edsel Salvaña studies the genetics of HIV, and he worries that we are just a few mutations away from the next deadly pandemic.
Why you should listen
Dr. Edsel Salvaña discovered that the driving force behind a new AIDS epidemic in the Philippines is the entry and spread of a deadlier strain of HIV -- a situation that can easily occur anywhere in the world.
Salvaña is an infectious disease specialist, molecular epidemiologist and is the director of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at the National Institutes of Health at the University of the Philippines in Manila. He is using next-generation sequencing and other cutting-edge genetic tools to study HIV viral diversity and superinfection. He is looking at how HIV develops drug resistance to better understand why his country suddenly has the fastest growing HIV epidemic in Asia; and why HIV treatment that works well in developed countries is failing on emerging HIV strains in the Philippines and resource-limited settings. He trains doctors in infectious diseases, and supervises the care of several thousand HIV patients at the Philippine General Hospital. He has been a national force in the formulation of HIV treatment guidelines, campaigning against stigma, and raising awareness.
Salvaña's advocacy work has been featured in Science, and he has been recognized with numerous national and international awards including the "Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the World" from JCI International and the Young Physician Leader Award from the Interacademy Medical Panel of the World Academy of Sciences. He was named a TED Fellow in 2017.
Edsel Salvaña | Speaker | TED.com