Fredy Peccerelli: A forensic anthropologist who brings closure for the "disappeared"
פרדי פצ'רלי: אנתרופולוג מז"פ שמאפשר ל"דסאפרסידוס" לסגור מעגל
Fredy Peccerelli works with families whose loved ones “disappeared” in the 36-year armed conflict in Guatemala. The executive director of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, he helps locate bodies and give back identities to those buried in mass graves. Full bio
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בן 36 שנה,
a 36-year armed conflict.
during the Cold War.
ממרד שמאלני קטן
a small leftist insurgency
200,000 קורבנות אזרחיים,
is 200,000 civilian victims,
killed in the communities:
נהרגו בקהילותיהם:
the elderly even.
אפילו זקנים.
הנעדרים,
about 40,000 others, the missing,
are Mayan victims,
של מרכז-אמריקה,
Central America.
European descent.
להגן עלינו:
defend us, the police, the military,
את מרבית הפשעים.
most of the crimes.
they want information.
של יקיריהן.
מה שהן רוצות
what they want is they want you,
לא עשו כל רע.
that their loved ones did nothing wrong.
received death threats in 1980.
איימו על אבי ברצח,
and I went to New Utrecht High School
למדתי בביה"ס התיכון "ניו אוטרכט"
was happening in Guatemala.
זה הכאיב לי מדי.
to do something about it.
לעשות משהו בעניין.
כדי לחפש אחר הגופות,
to look for the bodies,
and to look for part of myself as well.
וגם לחפש שם חלק מעצמי.
we give people information.
לספק לאנשים מידע.
ומניחים להם לבחור.
and we let them choose.
us the stories,
אם לספר לנו את הסיפורים,
אם לתת לנו משהו מעצמם.
give us a piece of themselves.
going to compare
from the skeletons.
אנו מחפשים אחר הגופות.
we're looking for the bodies.
happened 32 years ago.
לפני 32 שנה.
the body, document it, and exhume it.
מתעדים ומחלצים אותה.
skeleton out of the ground.
מן האדמה.
אנו מביאים אותן העירה, למעבדה,
we take them back to the city, to our lab,
to understand mainly two things:
בעיקר שני דברים:
בחלקו האחורי של הראש,
wound to the back of the head
הוא מי הם.
is who they are.
with that analysis
fragment of the bone
לזה של המשפחות, כמובן.
DNA of the families, of course.
is by showing you two cases.
בעזרת שני מקרים.
of the military diary.
out of somewhere in 1999.
מתישהו ב-1999.
is the state following individuals,
מעקב של המדינה אחר אזרחים,
wanted to change their country,
לשנות את ארצם,
היה מתי הוציאו אותם להורג.
down is when they executed them.
you see a code,
וזהו תאריך ההוצאה להורג.
means when they were executed.
into play in a second.
של חילוץ גופות,
an exhumation in 2003,
מ-53 קברים בבסיס צבאי.
from 53 graves in a military base.
של סרחיו סול לינארס.
of Sergio Saul Linares.
at the university.
כדי לחולל שינוי בארצו
to change his country.
February 23, 1984.
executed on March 29, 1984,
הוא הוצא להורג ב-29.3.1984,
מידע ודנ"א מהמשפחה,
information and their DNA,
that told us exactly what happened.
שסיפרו לנו בדיוק מה קרה.
two weeks later,
שכעבור שבועיים,
לאמנציו ויאטורו.
התאים לזה של המשפחה,
also matched the DNA of that family.
that he was also in the diary.
also executed on March 29, 1984.
הוצא להורג ב-29.3.1984.
how many bodies were in the grave?
כמה גופות היו באותו קבר?
were executed on March 29, 1984?
הוצאו להורג ב-29.3.1984,
Moises and Zoilo.
הוגו, מויסס וזוילו,
כולם נשבו במקומות שונים
all captured at different locations
was the DNA of those four families
של 4 המשפחות הנוספות
and we found them.
and gave them back to the families.
והחזרנו אותן למשפחות.
לספר לכם
called CREOMPAZ.
"להאמין בשלום",
but the acronym really means
למבצעי שמירת השלום".
for Peacekeeping Operations.
כוחות שמירת שלום מארצות אחרות,
trains peacekeepers from other countries,
like Haiti and the Congo.
שבבסיס הצבאי הזה
within this military base,
and about two hours after we went in,
וכעבור כשעתיים
מתוך 84 קברים
a total of 533 bodies.
ומתחתיהם גופות.
on top of bodies.
hands tied behind their backs,
והידיים קשורות מאחורי הגב,
who were being executed.
במועד הוצאתם להורג.
היה מלא בנשים וילדים,
was a grave full of women and children,
איפה קרה מקרה כזה?
a case like this?
ב-14.5.1982,
that happened on May 14, 1982,
הרג את הגברים,
in helicopters to an unknown location.
ליעד לא-ידוע.
באותו אזור
clothing from the region
were taken from.
and guess what?
ומה אתם יודעים,
ואת מנואל צ'ן,
and Manuel Chen.
and now we could prove it.
וכעת יכולנו להוכיח זאת.
לכך שזה קרה
proves that this happened
were taken to this base.
והוא הושאר אצל שכנה.
clothes, and she left him with a neighbor.
a helicopter and never seen again
ולא נראה מאז
בקבר מס' 15.
with anthropology, with genetics,
ארכיאולוגיה, אנתרופולוגיה, גנטיקה,
giving a voice to the voiceless.
evidence for trials,
last year in Guatemala
שנערך בשנה שעברה בגואטמלה
ברצח-עם ונשפט ל-80 שנה.
of genocide and sentenced to 80 years.
that this is happening everywhere --
שזה קורה בכל מקום --
ממש לנגד עינינו --
right in front of us today --
any more missing.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Fredy Peccerelli - Forensic anthropologistFredy Peccerelli works with families whose loved ones “disappeared” in the 36-year armed conflict in Guatemala. The executive director of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, he helps locate bodies and give back identities to those buried in mass graves.
Why you should listen
In Guatemala’s brutal civil war, 200,000 civilians were killed — and more than 40,000 of them were never found. They are referred to as the “disappeared,” and since the end of the conflict, their bodies have been found in unmarked mass graves with very little information to identify them.
Fredy Peccerelli has a personal connection to this tragic story. He was born in Guatemala, but when his father received threats from a death squad, his family left for the United States. It was 1980 and Peccerelli was 9. He quickly adapted to life in Brooklyn, New York. But in 1994, while a college student, he heard a presentation on the emerging field of forensic anthropology. The speakers talked about exhuming bodies from mass graves in Guatemala, and Peccerelli was fascinated. He wanted to help.
Peccerelli founded the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation, which meets with the families of the “disappeared,” listens to their stories and takes DNA samples to match to exhumed bodies. In this way, they are able to piece together narratives of what happened — in order to give families closure and to provide evidence for the trials of those involved in the deaths.
Pecerrelli has been profiled on PBS, in The New York Times and more. He recently launched the “No More Missing” campaign to raise money for an interactive website to tell the stories of the Guatemalan "disappeared" on the global stage. He wants people across the world to see the connection between what happened Guatemala and what is happening today in countries like Mexico.
Fredy Peccerelli | Speaker | TED.com