TED@IBM
George Tulevski: The next step in nanotechnology
George Tulevski: Sljedeći korak u nanotehnologiji
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Svake godine silikonski računalni čip smanjuje se za 50% u veličini i udvostručuje se u moći, omogućujući našim uređajima da postanu mobilniji i dostupniji. Ali što se događa kada se naši čipovi ne mogu više smanjiti? George Tulevski istražuje nevidljivi i neiskorišteni svijet nanomaterijala. Njegov sadašnji rad: razvoj kemijskih procesa koji prisiljavaju milijarde ugljikovih nanocjevčica da se okupe u obrasce potrebne za izgradnju sklopova, baš kao i prirodni organizmi grade zamršene, raznolike i elegantne strukture. Je li moguće da se tu nalazi tajna sljedeće generacije upotrebe računala?
George Tulevski - Materials scientist
IBM's George Tulevski wants to use carbon nanotubes to revolutionize microchip design. Full bio
IBM's George Tulevski wants to use carbon nanotubes to revolutionize microchip design. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Let's imagine a sculptor
building a statue,
building a statue,
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Zamislimo kipara koji
gradi skulpturu,
gradi skulpturu,
00:15
just chipping away with his chisel.
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razbijajući kamen
svojim alatom.
svojim alatom.
00:18
Michelangelo had this elegant way
of describing it when he said,
of describing it when he said,
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Michelangelo je to
elegantno opisao rekavši,
elegantno opisao rekavši,
00:21
"Every block of stone
has a statue inside of it,
has a statue inside of it,
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"Svaki komad kamena sadrži
skulpturu u sebi,
skulpturu u sebi,
00:24
and it's the task
of the sculptor to discover it."
of the sculptor to discover it."
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a zadatak kipara je otkriti ju."
00:27
But what if he worked
in the opposite direction?
in the opposite direction?
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No, što ako bi radio
u suprotnom smjeru?
u suprotnom smjeru?
00:29
Not from a solid block of stone,
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Ne iz čvrstog kamenog bloka,
00:31
but from a pile of dust,
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nego iz gomile prašine,
00:33
somehow gluing millions of these particles
together to form a statue.
together to form a statue.
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spajajući na neki način milijune ovih
čestica kako bi formirao skulpturu.
čestica kako bi formirao skulpturu.
00:37
I know that's an absurd notion.
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Znam da je to apsurdna ideja.
00:39
It's probably impossible.
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Vjerojatno neizvediva.
00:41
The only way you get
a statue from a pile of dust
a statue from a pile of dust
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Jedini način na koji možemo
dobiti skulpturu iz prašine je
dobiti skulpturu iz prašine je
00:43
is if the statue built itself --
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da se skulptura sama isklesa --
00:46
if somehow we could compel millions
of these particles to come together
of these particles to come together
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kada bismo samo nekako mogli
okupiti zajedno milijune ovih čestica
okupiti zajedno milijune ovih čestica
00:50
to form the statue.
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kako bi formirale skulpturu.
00:52
Now, as odd as that sounds,
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No, koliko god to čudno zvučalo,
00:53
that is almost exactly the problem
I work on in my lab.
I work on in my lab.
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upravo je to problem na kojem
radim u svom laboratoriju.
radim u svom laboratoriju.
00:58
I don't build with stone,
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Ne gradim kamenom,
00:59
I build with nanomaterials.
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gradim koristeći se
nanomaterijalima.
nanomaterijalima.
01:00
They're these just impossibly small,
fascinating little objects.
fascinating little objects.
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Radi se o nevjerojatno sitnim,
fascinantnim malenim stvarima.
fascinantnim malenim stvarima.
01:05
They're so small that if this controller
was a nanoparticle,
was a nanoparticle,
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Tako su maleni da kad bi ovaj upravljač bi
nanočestica,
nanočestica,
01:08
a human hair would be the size
of this entire room.
of this entire room.
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ljudska dlaka bila bi veličine ove sobe.
01:11
And they're at the heart of a field
we call nanotechnology,
we call nanotechnology,
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Oni se nalaze u srcu
nanotehnologije,
nanotehnologije,
01:14
which I'm sure we've all heard about,
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za koju smo zasigurno svi čuli,
01:16
and we've all heard
how it is going to change everything.
how it is going to change everything.
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i svi smo čuli kako će ona
sve promijeniti.
sve promijeniti.
01:19
When I was a graduate student,
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Kad sam bio na diplomskom
studiju,
studiju,
01:21
it was one of the most exciting times
to be working in nanotechnology.
to be working in nanotechnology.
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bilo je to najuzbudljivije doba za
rad u nanotehnologiji.
rad u nanotehnologiji.
01:24
There were scientific breakthroughs
happening all the time.
happening all the time.
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Nova znanstvena otkrića bila
su posvuda.
su posvuda.
01:27
The conferences were buzzing,
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Konferencije su bile prepune,
01:29
there was tons of money
pouring in from funding agencies.
pouring in from funding agencies.
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mnogo je novca stizalo iz
fondova.
fondova.
01:32
And the reason is
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Zato što,
01:34
when objects get really small,
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kad objekti postanu
jako mali,
jako mali,
01:35
they're governed by a different set
of physics that govern ordinary objects,
of physics that govern ordinary objects,
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njima upravljaju drugačiji zakoni
koji upravljaju običnim objektima
koji upravljaju običnim objektima
01:39
like the ones we interact with.
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poput onih s kojim smo
mi u kontaktu.
mi u kontaktu.
01:41
We call this physics quantum mechanics.
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To nazivamo kvantnom mehanikom.
01:43
And what it tells you is
that you can precisely tune their behavior
that you can precisely tune their behavior
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Ona nam kaže da možemo
utjecati na njihovo ponašanje
utjecati na njihovo ponašanje
01:46
just by making seemingly
small changes to them,
small changes to them,
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radeći naizgled male promjene na njima,
01:48
like adding or removing
a handful of atoms,
a handful of atoms,
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poput dodavanja ili
oduzimanja atoma,
oduzimanja atoma,
01:51
or twisting the material.
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ili savijanja materijala.
01:52
It's like this ultimate toolkit.
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To je poput najmoćnijeg alata.
01:54
You really felt empowered;
you felt like you could make anything.
you felt like you could make anything.
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Osjećate se pouzdano;
osjećate se da možete napraviti bilošto.
osjećate se da možete napraviti bilošto.
01:57
And we were doing it --
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Mi smo se time bavili --
01:59
and by we I mean my whole
generation of graduate students.
generation of graduate students.
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a pod mi mislim, čitava
generacija diplomskog studija.
generacija diplomskog studija.
02:02
We were trying to make blazing fast
computers using nanomaterials.
computers using nanomaterials.
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Pokušavali smo napraviti super brza
računala koristeći nanomaterijale.
računala koristeći nanomaterijale.
02:05
We were constructing quantum dots
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Stvarali smo kvantne točke
02:07
that could one day go in your body
and find and fight disease.
and find and fight disease.
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koje bi jednog dana u tijelu
pronalazile i uništavale bolest.
pronalazile i uništavale bolest.
02:10
There were even groups
trying to make an elevator to space
trying to make an elevator to space
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Postajale su i grupe koje
su pokušavale napraviti dizalo u svemir
su pokušavale napraviti dizalo u svemir
02:13
using carbon nanotubes.
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koristeći ugljične nanocijevi.
02:15
You can look that up, that's true.
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Možete to provjeriti, istina je.
02:18
Anyways, we thought it was going to affect
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Uglavnom, mislili smo da
će to utjecati
će to utjecati
02:20
all parts of science and technology,
from computing to medicine.
from computing to medicine.
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na čitavu znanost i tehnologiju,
od računarstva do medicine.
od računarstva do medicine.
02:23
And I have to admit,
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I moram priznati,
02:25
I drank all of the Kool-Aid.
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popio sam sav Kool-Aid.
02:27
I mean, every last drop.
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Sve do zadnje kapi.
02:30
But that was 15 years ago,
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No, to je bilo prije 15
godina
godina
02:33
and --
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i --
02:34
fantastic science was done,
really important work.
really important work.
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odličan napredak je postignut,
zbilja važan posao.
zbilja važan posao.
02:36
We've learned a lot.
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Mnogo smo naučili.
02:38
We were never able to translate
that science into new technologies --
that science into new technologies --
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Nismo nikad uspjeli prebaciti
tu znanost u nove tehnologije --
tu znanost u nove tehnologije --
02:42
into technologies
that could actually impact people.
that could actually impact people.
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tehnologije koje bi
zaista pomogle ljudima.
zaista pomogle ljudima.
02:45
And the reason is, these nanomaterials --
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Razlog je taj, što su, ovi
nanomaterijali --
nanomaterijali --
02:47
they're like a double-edged sword.
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poput dvosjeklog mača.
02:49
The same thing that makes
them so interesting --
them so interesting --
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Stvari koje ih čine toliko zanimljivima --
02:51
their small size --
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njihova mala veličina --
02:52
also makes them impossible to work with.
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ih čini nemogućim za raditi s njima.
02:55
It's literally like trying to build
a statue out of a pile of dust.
a statue out of a pile of dust.
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Doslovno je poput izrade skulpture
iz hrpe prašine.
iz hrpe prašine.
02:58
And we just don't have the tools
that are small enough to work with them.
that are small enough to work with them.
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I jednostavno nemamo alate koji su
dovoljno mali da rade s nanomaterijalima.
dovoljno mali da rade s nanomaterijalima.
03:02
But even if we did,
it wouldn't really matter,
it wouldn't really matter,
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No, čak i kada bi ih imali, ne bi
baš i imalo utjecaja,
baš i imalo utjecaja,
03:04
because we couldn't one by one
place millions of particles together
place millions of particles together
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jer ne bismo mogli staviti skupa
milijune čestica jednu po jednu
milijune čestica jednu po jednu
03:08
to build a technology.
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da napravimo tehnologiju.
03:10
So because of that,
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I tako, zbog toga,
03:12
all of the promise
and all of the excitement
and all of the excitement
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sva obećanja i svo uzbuđenje
03:14
has remained just that:
promise and excitement.
promise and excitement.
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su ostali samo to: obećanja i
uzbuđenje.
uzbuđenje.
03:16
We don't have any
disease-fighting nanobots,
disease-fighting nanobots,
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Nemamo nano-robote koji bi se borili
protiv bolesti,
protiv bolesti,
03:19
there's no elevators to space,
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nema dizala u svemir,
03:21
and the thing that I'm most interested in,
no new types of computing.
no new types of computing.
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i stvari koja mene najviše zanima,
nema novih načina upotrebe računala.
nema novih načina upotrebe računala.
03:25
Now that last one,
that's a really important one.
that's a really important one.
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Sada, ta posljednja, ona je stvarno
važna.
važna.
03:27
We just have come to expect
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Očekujemo
03:29
the pace of computing advancements
to go on indefinitely.
to go on indefinitely.
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kako će tempo napretka kod računala
ići u nedogled.
ići u nedogled.
03:32
We've built entire economies on this idea.
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Cijela gospodarstva su izgrađena na toj
pretpostavci.
pretpostavci.
03:35
And this pace exists
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A taj tempo postoji
03:37
because of our ability
to pack more and more devices
to pack more and more devices
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zbog naše sposobnosti da upakiramo
sve više naprava
sve više naprava
03:39
onto a computer chip.
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na računalni čip.
03:41
And as those devices get smaller,
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A kako te naprave postaju manje,
03:43
they get faster, they consume less power
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postaju brže, troše manje snage
03:45
and they get cheaper.
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i postaju jeftinije.
03:46
And it's this convergence
that gives us this incredible pace.
that gives us this incredible pace.
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I to je ta konvergencija
koji nam daje ovaj nevjerojatan tempo.
koji nam daje ovaj nevjerojatan tempo.
03:51
As an example:
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Na primjer:
03:52
if I took the room-sized computer
that sent three men to the moon and back
that sent three men to the moon and back
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kada bih uzeo računalo veličine sobe koji
je poslao tri čovjeka na Mjesec i natrag
je poslao tri čovjeka na Mjesec i natrag
03:58
and somehow compressed it --
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i nekako ga smanjio --
04:00
compressed the world's
greatest computer of its day,
greatest computer of its day,
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smanjio najbolje računalo na svijetu u ono
vrijeme,
vrijeme,
04:03
so it was the same size
as your smartphone --
as your smartphone --
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da bude iste veličine poput vašeg
smartphone-a --
smartphone-a --
04:06
your actual smartphone,
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vašeg stvarnog smartphone-a,
04:07
that thing you spent 300 bucks on
and just toss out every two years,
and just toss out every two years,
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onu stvar na koju trošite 300 dolara i
zamijenite ga svake dvije godine,
zamijenite ga svake dvije godine,
04:10
would blow this thing away.
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zasjenio bi ovo računalo.
04:13
You would not be impressed.
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Ne biste bili impresionirani.
04:14
It couldn't do anything
that your smartphone does.
that your smartphone does.
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Ne može učiniti ništa
što vaš smartphone može.
što vaš smartphone može.
04:17
It would be slow,
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Bilo bi sporo,
04:18
you couldn't put any of your stuff on it,
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ne biste mogli spremiti nikakve stvari na
njega,
njega,
04:21
you could possibly
get through the first two minutes
get through the first two minutes
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možda biste mogli odgledati prve dvije
minute
minute
04:23
of a "Walking Dead" episode
if you're lucky --
if you're lucky --
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"Walking Dead" epizode ako imate sreće --
04:25
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:26
The point is the progress --
it's not gradual.
it's not gradual.
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Stvar je da napredak --
nije postepen.
nije postepen.
04:28
The progress is relentless.
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Napredak je nemilosrdan.
04:30
It's exponential.
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On je eksponencijalan.
04:31
It compounds on itself year after year,
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Nadograđuje se iz godine u godinu,
04:34
to the point where
if you compare a technology
if you compare a technology
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do točke gdje, ako usporedite tehnologiju
04:36
from one generation to the next,
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jedne generacije sa idućom,
04:38
they're almost unrecognizable.
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ne može ih se prepoznati.
04:40
And we owe it to ourselves
to keep this progress going.
to keep this progress going.
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I dugujemo sebi samima da nastavimo
s tim napretkom.
s tim napretkom.
04:42
We want to say the same thing
10, 20, 30 years from now:
10, 20, 30 years from now:
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Želimo reći jednu te istu stvar za
10, 20, 30 godina:
10, 20, 30 godina:
04:46
look what we've done
over the last 30 years.
over the last 30 years.
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gledajte što smo postigli u posljednjih
30 godina.
30 godina.
04:49
Yet we know this progress
may not last forever.
may not last forever.
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A ipak, znamo kako taj napredak možda
neće trajati vječno.
neće trajati vječno.
04:51
In fact, the party's kind of winding down.
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Zapravo, zabava se pomalo stišava.
04:54
It's like "last call for alcohol," right?
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To je poput "zadnje runde", jel'da?
04:56
If you look under the covers,
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Ako pogledate ispod površine,
04:58
by many metrics
like speed and performance,
like speed and performance,
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prema mnogim parametrima,
poput brzine i performanse,
poput brzine i performanse,
05:00
the progress has already slowed to a halt.
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napredak je već usporio do zastoja.
05:03
So if we want to keep this party going,
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Stoga, ako želimo da se zabava nastavi,
05:05
we have to do what we've
always been able to do,
always been able to do,
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moramo raditi ono što smo uvijek bili
sposobni uraditi,
sposobni uraditi,
05:08
and that is to innovate.
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a to je inovirati.
05:09
So our group's role
and our group's mission
and our group's mission
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Dakle, uloga i misija naše grupe je
05:12
is to innovate
by employing carbon nanotubes,
by employing carbon nanotubes,
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inovirati pomoću ugljikovih
nanocijevi,
nanocijevi,
05:14
because we think that they can
provide a path to continue this pace.
provide a path to continue this pace.
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jer mislimo kako one mogu otvoriti put
da nastavimo s ovim tempom.
da nastavimo s ovim tempom.
05:18
They are just like they sound.
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One su baš onakve kakvima i zvuče.
05:20
They're tiny, hollow tubes
of carbon atoms,
of carbon atoms,
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One su sitne, šuplje cijevi
od ugljikovih atoma,
od ugljikovih atoma,
05:22
and their nanoscale size,
that small size,
that small size,
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i njihova nano veličina,
ta malena veličina,
ta malena veličina,
05:25
gives rise to these
just outstanding electronic properties.
just outstanding electronic properties.
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poboljšava ta izvanredna elektronska
svojstva.
svojstva.
05:29
And the science tells us
if we could employ them in computing,
if we could employ them in computing,
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I znanost nam govori da, ako ih
možemo upotrijebiti u računalstvu,
možemo upotrijebiti u računalstvu,
05:33
we could see up to a ten times
improvement in performance.
improvement in performance.
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možemo vidjeti i do deset puta veliko
poboljšanje u izvedbi.
poboljšanje u izvedbi.
05:35
It's like skipping through several
technology generations in just one step.
technology generations in just one step.
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To je poput preskakanja nekoliko
tehnoloških generacija u samo jednom
koraku.
tehnoloških generacija u samo jednom
koraku.
05:40
So there we have it.
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I to vam je to.
05:42
We have this really important problem
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Imamo ovaj stvarno važan problem
05:44
and we have what is basically
the ideal solution.
the ideal solution.
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i imamo ono što je u osnovi idealno
rješenje.
rješenje.
05:46
The science is screaming at us,
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Znanost viče na nas,
05:48
"This is what you should be doing
to solve your problem."
to solve your problem."
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"Ovo bi trebao raditi da riješiš svoj
problem."
problem."
05:53
So, all right, let's get started,
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Dakle, dobro, počnimo,
05:55
let's do this.
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učinimo to.
05:56
But you just run right back
into that double-edged sword.
into that double-edged sword.
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Ali onda opet trčite ususret
dvosjeklom maču.
dvosjeklom maču.
05:59
This "ideal solution" contains a material
that's impossible to work with.
that's impossible to work with.
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To "idealno rješenje" se sastoji od
materijala s kojim je nemoguće raditi.
materijala s kojim je nemoguće raditi.
06:02
I'd have to arrange billions of them
just to make one single computer chip.
just to make one single computer chip.
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Morao bih posložiti milijarde njih samo
da napravim jedan računalni čip.
da napravim jedan računalni čip.
06:07
It's that same conundrum,
it's like this undying problem.
it's like this undying problem.
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To je ta ista zagonetka,
to je kao onaj besmrtni problem.
to je kao onaj besmrtni problem.
06:11
At this point, we said, "Let's just stop.
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U ovom trenutku, rekli smo:
"Ajmo prestati.
"Ajmo prestati.
06:13
Let's not go down that same road.
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Nemojmo ići istim putem.
06:15
Let's just figure out what's missing.
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Pokušajmo samo shvatiti što nedostaje.
06:17
What are we not dealing with?
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Čime se ovdje bavimo?
06:19
What are we not doing
that needs to be done?"
that needs to be done?"
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Što to ne radimo,
a trebali bismo učiniti? "
a trebali bismo učiniti? "
06:21
It's like in "The Godfather," right?
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To je poput "Kuma," zar ne?
06:23
When Fredo betrays his brother Michael,
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Kad Fredo izdaje svog brat Michael-a,
06:25
we all know what needs to be done.
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svi znamo što treba učiniti.
06:27
Fredo's got to go.
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Fredo mora otići.
06:28
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:29
But Michael -- he puts it off.
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Ali Michael -- on to odgodi.
06:31
Fine, I get it.
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Dobro, shvaćam.
06:32
Their mother's still alive,
it would make her upset.
it would make her upset.
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Njihova majka je još živa,
to bi je uznemirilo.
to bi je uznemirilo.
06:35
We just said,
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Stoga smo rekli,
06:36
"What's the Fredo in our problem?"
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"Što je Fredo u našem problemu?"
06:39
What are we not dealing with?
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Čime se ne bavimo?
06:40
What are we not doing,
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Što mi to ne radimo,
06:42
but needs to be done
to make this a success?"
to make this a success?"
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a treba učiniti kako bi postigli
uspjeh?
uspjeh?
06:45
And the answer is
that the statue has to build itself.
that the statue has to build itself.
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I odgovor je da se skulptura treba
sama izgraditi.
sama izgraditi.
06:49
We have to find a way, somehow,
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Moramo naći načina, nekako,
06:51
to compel, to convince
billions of these particles
billions of these particles
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da nagovorimo, uvjerimo milijarde
tih čestica
tih čestica
06:55
to assemble themselves
into the technology.
into the technology.
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da se skupe zajedno u tehnologiju.
06:58
We can't do it for them.
They have to do it for themselves.
They have to do it for themselves.
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Ne možemo to učiniti za njih.
Moraju to napraviti same.
Moraju to napraviti same.
07:01
And it's the hard way,
and this is not trivial,
and this is not trivial,
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A to je težak put,
i to nije trivijalno,
i to nije trivijalno,
07:04
but in this case, it's the only way.
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i u ovom slučaju, to je jedini put.
07:07
Now, as it turns out,
this is not that alien of a problem.
this is not that alien of a problem.
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Sada, kako se ispostavilo,
taj problem nije toliko stran.
taj problem nije toliko stran.
07:11
We just don't build anything this way.
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Jednostavno ne gradimo ništa na taj
način.
način.
07:13
People don't build anything this way.
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Ljudi ne grade ništa na taj
način.
način.
07:15
But if you look around --
and there's examples everywhere --
and there's examples everywhere --
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Ali ako pogledate okolo --
i ima primjera svugdje --
i ima primjera svugdje --
07:18
Mother Nature builds everything this way.
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Majka Priroda gradi sve na taj način.
07:21
Everything is built from the bottom up.
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Sve je izgrađeno od temelja.
07:24
You can go to the beach,
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Možete ići na plažu,
07:25
you'll find these simple organisms
that use proteins --
that use proteins --
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pronaći ćete te jednostavne organizme
koji koriste proteine --
koji koriste proteine --
07:28
basically molecules --
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u osnovi, molekule --
07:30
to template what is essentially sand,
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kao podložak za ono što je,
u osnovi, pijesak,
u osnovi, pijesak,
07:32
just plucking it from the sea
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vadeći ga iz mora
07:33
and building these extraordinary
architectures with extreme diversity.
architectures with extreme diversity.
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i gradeći te izvanredne arhitekture
sa ekstremnom raznolikošću.
sa ekstremnom raznolikošću.
07:36
And nature's not crude like us,
just hacking away.
just hacking away.
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A priroda nije sirova poput nas,
da samo hakira.
da samo hakira.
07:39
She's elegant and smart,
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Ona je elegantna i pametna,
07:41
building with what's available,
molecule by molecule,
molecule by molecule,
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gradeći pomoću onoga što je dostupno.
molekulu po molekulu,
molekulu po molekulu,
07:44
making structures with a complexity
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izrađujući strukture sa složenošću
07:46
and a diversity
that we can't even approach.
that we can't even approach.
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i raznolikošću kojoj se mi ne možemo
i približiti.
i približiti.
07:49
And she's already at the nano.
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I ona je već na nano razini.
07:51
She's been there
for hundreds of millions of years.
for hundreds of millions of years.
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Ona je tamo već stotinama
milijuna godina.
milijuna godina.
07:53
We're the ones that are late to the party.
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Mi smo ti koju kasne na zabavu.
07:56
So we decided that we're going
to use the same tool that nature uses,
to use the same tool that nature uses,
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Stoga smo odlučili da ćemo
koristiti isti alat koji priroda koristi,
koristiti isti alat koji priroda koristi,
08:00
and that's chemistry.
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a to je kemija.
08:02
Chemistry is the missing tool.
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Kemija je alat koji nedostaje.
08:03
And chemistry works in this case
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I kemija funkcionira u ovom slučaju
08:05
because these nanoscale objects
are about the same size as molecules,
are about the same size as molecules,
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jer su ti objekti nano veličine otprilike
iste veličine poput molekula,
iste veličine poput molekula,
08:09
so we can use them
to steer these objects around,
to steer these objects around,
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pa ih možemo koristiti kako bi ih
usmjeravali,
usmjeravali,
08:12
much like a tool.
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baš poput alata.
08:13
That's exactly what we've done in our lab.
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To je baš ono što napravili u našem
laboratoriju.
laboratoriju.
08:15
We've developed chemistry
that goes into the pile of dust,
that goes into the pile of dust,
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Razvili smo kemiju
koja ide u hrpu prašine,
koja ide u hrpu prašine,
08:19
into the pile of nanoparticles,
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u hrpu nanočestica,
08:20
and pulls out exactly the ones we need.
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i izvlači upravo one
koje su nama potrebne.
koje su nama potrebne.
08:22
Then we can use chemistry to arrange
literally billions of these particles
literally billions of these particles
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Tada možemo koristiti kemiju da doslovno
posložimo milijarde tih čestica
posložimo milijarde tih čestica
08:26
into the pattern
we need to build circuits.
we need to build circuits.
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u uzorak koji nam je potreban da
izradimo strujne krugove.
izradimo strujne krugove.
08:29
And because we can do that,
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I zato jer možemo to napraviti,
08:30
we can build circuits
that are many times faster
that are many times faster
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možemo izraditi strujne krugove koji
su puno brži
su puno brži
08:33
than what anyone's been able
to make using nanomaterials before.
to make using nanomaterials before.
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od bilo čega što je dosad bilo izrađeno
koristeći nanomaterijale.
koristeći nanomaterijale.
08:36
Chemistry's the missing tool,
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Kemija je alat koji nedostaje,
08:37
and every day our tool gets sharper
and gets more precise.
and gets more precise.
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i svaki dan naš alat postaje oštriji
i precizniji.
i precizniji.
08:41
And eventually --
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A naposljetku --
08:42
and we hope this is
within a handful of years --
within a handful of years --
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i nadamo se kako će to biti
u okviru nekoliko godina --
u okviru nekoliko godina --
08:45
we can deliver on one
of those original promises.
of those original promises.
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možemo ispuniti jednu od tih
prvotnih obećanja.
prvotnih obećanja.
08:48
Now, computing is just one example.
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Sada, računalstvo je samo jedan primjer.
08:50
It's the one that I'm interested in,
that my group is really invested in,
that my group is really invested in,
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To je onaj za koji sam ja zainteresiran,
za koji je moja grupa je stvarno
zagrijana,
za koji je moja grupa je stvarno
zagrijana,
08:54
but there are others
in renewable energy, in medicine,
in renewable energy, in medicine,
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ali postoje i drugi u
obnovljivoj energiji, medicini,
obnovljivoj energiji, medicini,
08:58
in structural materials,
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strukturalnim materijalima,
09:00
where the science is going to tell you
to move towards the nano.
to move towards the nano.
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gdje znanost govori da se napravi
pomak prema nano.
pomak prema nano.
09:03
That's where the biggest benefit is.
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Tu se nalazi najveća korist.
09:05
But if we're going to do that,
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Ali ako ćemo to napraviti,
09:07
the scientists of today and tomorrow
are going to need new tools --
are going to need new tools --
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znanstvenici sadašnjosti i budućnosti
će trebati nove alate --
će trebati nove alate --
09:10
tools just like the ones I described.
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alate poput onih koje sam predstavio.
09:12
And they will need chemistry.
That's the point.
That's the point.
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I trebati će im kemija.
To je poanta.
To je poanta.
09:16
The beauty of science is that
once you develop these new tools,
once you develop these new tools,
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Ljepota znanosti je, kada jednom
razviješ te nove alate,
razviješ te nove alate,
09:20
they're out there.
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oni su dostupni.
09:21
They're out there forever,
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Oni su dostupni zauvijek,
09:22
and anyone anywhere
can pick them up and use them,
can pick them up and use them,
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i bilo tko bilo gdje ih može
uzeti i koristiti
uzeti i koristiti
09:25
and help to deliver
on the promise of nanotechnology.
on the promise of nanotechnology.
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i pomoći u ispunjenju obećanja
nanotehnologije.
nanotehnologije.
09:29
Thank you so much for your time.
I appreciate it.
I appreciate it.
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Hvala vam za vaše vrijeme.
Cijenim to.
Cijenim to.
09:32
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
George Tulevski - Materials scientistIBM's George Tulevski wants to use carbon nanotubes to revolutionize microchip design.
Why you should listen
George Tulevski researches nanomaterials and develops new methods to utilize these materials in technologically relevant applications. He is currently a Research Staff Member at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center.
Dr. Tulevski's current work includes advancements in carbon nanotubes that can be used in next-generation computer processors, flexible electronics and sensors. He has co-authored more than 50 peer-reviewed scientific publications and over 40 patents. In addition to his research, Tulevski teaches tomorrow’s nanoscientists at Columbia University, where he received his Ph.D.
George Tulevski | Speaker | TED.com