Barry Schwartz: The way we think about work is broken
Барри Шварц: Наша работа может дать нам больше, чем мы думаем
Barry Schwartz studies the link between economics and psychology, offering startling insights into modern life. Lately, working with Ken Sharpe, he's studying wisdom. Full bio
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and answer is this:
out of bed every morning
TED-like adventure to another?
как это делают участники конференции TED?
that very question.
we have to make a living,
that that's the answer to the question,
в этом ответа на вопрос:
the work we do is challenging,
работа — это творчество,
it's meaningful.
и удовлетворение от проделанного.
it might even be important.
ваша деятельность ещё и очень важна.
if we didn't get paid,
что денежное вознаграждение
are a pretty bad reason
для выполнения работы.
that he's "in it for the money,"
свою работу только из-за денег,
raises what is for me
поднимает, на мой взгляд,
majority of people on the planet,
людей на планете
has none of the characteristics
and off to the office every morning?
вставать с кровати и ехать в офис?
the majority of people on the planet
большинству людей на планете
meaningless and soul-deadening?
изматывающую работу?
of goods and services,
товаров и услуг,
that might come from work were eliminated?
были стёрты как класс?
in call centers,
на заводах, в колл-центрах
to do what they do except for pay.
ещё какую-то причину помимо зарплаты.
screws people, blah blah --
всё это уже надоело —
the kind of technology
and that people come to TED to hear about.
и о которой приходят послушать на TED.
the technology of things,
«технологией мышления» —
science creates ideas.
are ways of understanding ourselves.
прежде всего на понимание самих себя.
on how we think, what we aspire to,
как мы думаем, к чему стремимся
is God's will, you pray.
по воле Божьей, вы молитесь.
of your own inadequacy,
что бедны по своей вине,
the result of oppression and domination,
из-за гнёта и власти,
is resignation or revolution,
будь то покорная или бунтарская,
the sources of your poverty.
вы видите причину вашей бедности.
in shaping us as human beings,
в формировании нас как разумных людей,
the most profoundly important technology
быть наиболее важной технологией
about idea technology,
есть кое-что особенное,
from the technology of things.
от технологии вещей.
технология вещей оказывается неудачной,
will not go away
that they're true,
что какие-то мысли верны,
and institutions
свой образ жизни и институты.
with these very false ideas.
created a factory system
появилось фабричное производство,
could possibly get out of your day's work,
получить что-либо за свой дневной труд,
one of the fathers
промышленного переворота,
Adam Smith --
were by their very natures lazy,
unless you made it worth their while,
пока их не мотивировать,
by giving them rewards.
путём денежного вознаграждения.
anyone ever did anything.
мотивировать сделать что угодно.
with that false view of human nature.
следуя неверному представлению о людях.
of production was in place,
система производства была внедрена,
for people to operate,
людей что-либо делать,
with Adam Smith's vision.
с идеологией Адама Смита.
это всего лишь пример того,
can create a circumstance
могут создать последствия,
good help anymore."
квалифицированные рабочие кадры.
квалифицированные рабочие кадры,
that is demeaning and soulless.
унизительную и неинтересную работу.
this incredible invention
реализовалась доселе невиданная идея
in assembly lines,
работающих на сборочных конвейерах,
in assembly lines, he says:
possible for a human being to become."
насколько только можно стать человеку».
possible for a human being to become."
насколько только можно стать человеку».
what Adam Smith was telling us there,
сказать именно это, но согласно ему,
within which people work
в рамках которого работают люди,
to the demands of that institution
этого института,
from their work that we take for granted.
которые мы всегда получали.
natural science --
theories about the cosmos,
фантастические теории о космосе,
indifferent to our theories.
на наши с вами теории.
we have about the cosmos.
что мы там о нём насочиняли.
the theories we have of human nature,
затрагивающих человеческую сущность,
by the theories we have
из-за этих теорий,
достижение понимания нас самих.
and help us understand human beings.
Clifford Geertz, said, years ago,
Клиффорд Гирц как-то сказал:
are the "unfinished animals."
was that it is only human nature
что человеку свойственно
of the society in which people live.
that is to say our human nature,
то есть наша с вами человеческая сущность,
than it is discovered.
within which people live and work.
в которых те живут и работают.
to being with masters of the universe --
общаться с повелителями вселенной,
yourself a question,
to run your organizations.
о собственном бизнесе:
do you want to help design?
вы бы собственноручно хотели создать?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Barry Schwartz - PsychologistBarry Schwartz studies the link between economics and psychology, offering startling insights into modern life. Lately, working with Ken Sharpe, he's studying wisdom.
Why you should listen
In his 2004 book The Paradox of Choice, Barry Schwartz tackles one of the great mysteries of modern life: Why is it that societies of great abundance — where individuals are offered more freedom and choice (personal, professional, material) than ever before — are now witnessing a near-epidemic of depression? Conventional wisdom tells us that greater choice is for the greater good, but Schwartz argues the opposite: He makes a compelling case that the abundance of choice in today's western world is actually making us miserable.
Infinite choice is paralyzing, Schwartz argues, and exhausting to the human psyche. It leads us to set unreasonably high expectations, question our choices before we even make them and blame our failures entirely on ourselves. His relatable examples, from consumer products (jeans, TVs, salad dressings) to lifestyle choices (where to live, what job to take, who and when to marry), underscore this central point: Too much choice undermines happiness.
Schwartz's previous research has addressed morality, decision-making and the varied inter-relationships between science and society. Before Paradox he published The Costs of Living, which traces the impact of free-market thinking on the explosion of consumerism -- and the effect of the new capitalism on social and cultural institutions that once operated above the market, such as medicine, sports, and the law.
Both books level serious criticism of modern western society, illuminating the under-reported psychological plagues of our time. But they also offer concrete ideas on addressing the problems, from a personal and societal level.
Schwartz is the author of the TED Book, Why We Work.
Barry Schwartz | Speaker | TED.com