TED2008
Benjamin Zander: The transformative power of classical music
Benjamín Zander o hudbe a vášni
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Benjamín Zander má dve nákazlivé vášne: jednou je klasická hudba, a druhou pomáhať nám si uvedomiť našu lásku k nej, ako aj našu lásku k novým možnostiam, novým skúsenostiam, a novým vzťahom.
Benjamin Zander - Conductor
A leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks. Full bio
A leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Probably a lot of you know the story of the two salesmen
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Asi väčšina z vás pozná príbeh o dvoch obchodníkoch,
00:15
who went down to Africa in the 1900s.
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ktorí v 20-tom storočí odišli do Afriky.
00:18
They were sent down to find if there was any opportunity
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Boli vyslaní, aby zistili, či sa tam dajú
00:20
for selling shoes,
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predávať topánky.
00:22
and they wrote telegrams back to Manchester.
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Potom telegramovali späť do Menčestru,
00:25
And one of them wrote, "Situation hopeless. Stop.
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a jeden napísal: "Situácia je beznádejná. Stop.
00:29
They don't wear shoes."
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Oni nenosia topánky.
00:30
And the other one wrote, "Glorious opportunity.
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A druhý napísal: "Úžasná možnosť.
00:33
They don't have any shoes yet."
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Oni ešte nemajú topánky."
00:35
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
00:36
Now, there's a similar situation in the classical music world,
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Podobná situácia nastala vo svete klasickej hudby,
00:40
because there are some people who think
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pretože niektorí si myslia,
00:41
that classical music is dying.
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že klasická hudba vymiera.
00:45
And there are some of us who think you ain't seen nothing yet.
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A niektorí si myslia, že ste zatiaľ nič nevideli.
00:48
And rather than go into statistics and trends,
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Namiesto štatistík a trendov
00:52
and tell you about all the orchestras that are closing,
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vám vymenujú všetky orchestri, ktoré sa rušia
00:54
and the record companies that are folding,
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a nahrávacie spoločnosti, ktoré skladajú karty.
00:57
I thought we should do an experiment tonight -- an experiment.
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Dnes večer by sme mali spraviť experiment.
01:01
Actually, it's not really an experiment, because I know the outcome.
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Vlastne to nie je skutočný experiment, lebo viem jeho výsledok.
01:06
But it's like an experiment. Now, before we --
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Ale je to ako experiment.
01:08
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
01:12
-- before we start, I need to do two things.
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Skôr než začnem, musím urobiť dve veci.
01:14
One is I want to remind you of what a seven-year-old child
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Najprv vám chcem pripomenúť, ako znie sedemročné dieťa,
01:19
sounds like when he plays the piano.
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keď hrá na klavíri.
01:20
Maybe you have this child at home.
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Možno toto dieťa máte doma.
01:23
He sounds something like this.
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Znie asi takto.
01:24
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
01:44
I see some of you recognize this child.
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Vidím, že niektorí toto dieťa spoznávate.
01:46
Now, if he practices for a year and takes lessons, he's now eight
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Ak cvičí rok a chodí na hodiny, má teraz osem
01:51
and he sounds like this.
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a znie takto.
01:52
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
01:59
Then he practices for another year and takes lessons -- now he's nine.
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Potom cvičí ďalší rok a chodí na hodiny, a teraz má deväť.
02:02
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
02:08
Then he practices for another and takes lessons -- now he's 10.
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Potom cvičí ďalší rok, a teraz má desať.
02:11
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
02:18
At that point, they usually give up.
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Tu sa väčšinou vzdajú.
02:19
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:21
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
02:23
Now, if you'd waited, if you'd waited for one more year,
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Ak by ste počkali, ak by ste počkali ďalší rok,
02:26
you would have heard this.
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počuli by ste toto:
02:27
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
02:36
Now, what happened was not maybe what you thought,
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Nestalo sa to, čo si asi myslíte.
02:39
which is, he suddenly became passionate, engaged,
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Nestal sa náhle vášnivým, zaujatým.
02:42
involved, got a new teacher, he hit puberty, or whatever it is.
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Nedostal nového učiteľa, nenastala uňho puberta alebo čokoľvek iné.
02:45
What actually happened was the impulses were reduced.
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Stalo sa to, že zredukoval dôrazy.
02:50
You see, the first time, he was playing
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Prvýkrát hral
02:51
with an impulse on every note.
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s dôrazom na každú notu.
02:54
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
02:56
And the second, with an impulse every other note.
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A druhýkrát na každú druhú notu.
02:59
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
03:01
You can see it by looking at my head.
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Len sa dívajte na moju hlavu.
03:03
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:04
The nine-year-old
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Deväťročný
03:06
put an impulse on every four notes.
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dával dôraz na každú štvrtú notu.
03:07
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
03:10
And the 10-year-old, on every eight notes.
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A desaťročný na každú ôsmu.
03:11
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
03:14
And the 11-year-old, one impulse on the whole phrase.
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A jedenásťročný dal jeden dôraz na celú frázu.
03:16
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
03:20
I know -- I don't know how we got into this position.
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Neviem, ako som sa dostal do tejto pozície.
03:22
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:25
I didn't say, "I'm going to move my shoulder over, move my body."
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Nepovedal som si, že takto posuniem plece a telo.
03:27
No, the music pushed me over,
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Hudba ma odtlačila.
03:29
which is why I call it one-buttock playing.
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Volám to hranie na polovici zadku.
03:31
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
03:33
It can be the other buttock.
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Môže to byť aj druhá polovica.
03:34
(Piano)
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(Klavír)
03:38
You know, a gentleman was once watching a presentation I was doing,
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Jeden pán raz sledoval moju prezentáciu,
03:41
when I was working with a young pianist.
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keď som vyučoval mladého klaviristu.
03:43
He was the president of a corporation in Ohio.
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Bol prezidentom korporácie v Oháju.
03:45
And I was working with this young pianist
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Vyučoval som toho mladého klaviristu
03:48
and I said, "The trouble with you is you're a two-buttock player.
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a povedal som: "Tvoj problém je, že hráš na celom zadku.
03:50
You should be a one-buttock player."
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Mal by si hrať na polovici zadku."
03:52
And I moved his body like that, while he was playing.
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A posunul som ho, kým hral.
03:54
And suddenly, the music took off. It took flight.
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A zrazu sa hudba vzniesla.
03:57
There was a gasp in the audience when they heard the difference.
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Obecenstvo zalapalo po dychu, keď počuli ten rozdiel.
03:59
And then I got a letter from this gentleman.
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A potom mi ten pán napísal.
04:01
He said, "I was so moved.
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"Bol som taký pohnutý,
04:02
I went back and I transformed my entire company
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že som zmenil svoju celú firmu
04:05
into a one-buttock company."
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na takú na polovici zadku."
04:06
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:10
Now, the other thing I wanted to do is to tell you about you.
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Ďalej som vám chcel porozprávať o vás.
04:12
There are 1,600 people, I believe.
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Je tu 1600 ľudí.
04:15
My estimation is that probably 45 of you
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Odhadujem, že asi 45 z vás
04:18
are absolutely passionate about classical music.
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má veľkú vášeň pre klasickú hudbu.
04:21
You adore classical music. Your FM is always on that classical dial.
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Zbožňujete klasiku. Vaše rádio je stále klasicky naladené.
04:26
And you have CDs in your car, and you go to the symphony.
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Máte cédéčka v aute, a chodíte na symfonické koncerty.
04:29
And your children are playing instruments.
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A vaše deti hrajú na hudobné nástroje.
04:30
You can't imagine your life without classical music.
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Neviete si predstaviť život bez klasickej hudby.
04:33
That's the first group; it's quite a small group.
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To je prvá skupina - dosť malá.
04:35
Then there's another group, bigger group.
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Potom máme väčšiu skupinu.
04:37
These are the people who don't mind classical music.
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Týmto ľuďom klasická hudba nevadí.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:40
You know, you've come home from a long day,
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Prídete domov po dlhom dni
04:42
and you take a glass of wine, and you put your feet up.
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a nalejete si pohár vína, vyložíte si nohy.
04:45
A little Vivaldi in the background doesn't do any harm.
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Trochu Vivaldiho v pozadí neuškodí.
04:47
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:48
That's the second group.
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To je druhá skupina.
04:49
Now comes the third group.
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A teraz tretia skupina.
04:50
These are the people who never listen to classical music.
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Títo ľudia nikdy nepočúvajú klasickú hudbu.
04:52
It's just simply not part of your life.
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Nie je časťou ich života.
04:55
You might hear it like second-hand smoke at the airport, but --
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Možno sa s ňou stretnete na letisku ako s pasívnym fajčením.
04:57
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:59
-- and maybe a little bit of a march from "Aida"
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možno počujete trochu pochodu z Aidy,
05:00
when you come into the hall. But otherwise, you never hear it.
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keď prídete do haly. Ale inak ju nikdy nepočujete.
05:04
That's probably the largest group of all.
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To je asi najväčšia skupina.
05:05
And then there's a very small group.
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A potom máme veľmi malú skupinu.
05:07
These are the people who think they're tone-deaf.
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Ľudí, ktorí si myslia, že nemajú hudobný sluch.
05:10
Amazing number of people think they're tone-deaf.
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Prekvapujúco veľa ľudí si to myslí.
05:13
Actually, I hear a lot, "My husband is tone-deaf."
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Veľakrát som počul: "Môj manžel nemá sluch."
05:15
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
05:16
Actually, you cannot be tone-deaf. Nobody is tone-deaf.
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Nemôžete nemať sluch. Každý má sluch.
05:19
If you were tone-deaf, you couldn't change the gears
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Bez sluchu by ste nemohli preradiť rýchlosť
05:22
on your car, in a stick shift car.
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vo vašom aute.
05:24
You couldn't tell the difference between
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Nevedeli by ste rozdiel medzi
05:26
somebody from Texas and somebody from Rome.
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niektom z Texasu a niektom z Ríma.
05:28
And the telephone. The telephone. If your mother calls
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A telefón. Ak vám zavolá matka
05:33
on the miserable telephone, she calls and says, "Hello,"
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a povie: "Ahoj,"
05:35
you not only know who it is, you know what mood she's in.
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nielen že viete, kto to je, ale aj v akej je nálade.
05:39
You have a fantastic ear. Everybody has a fantastic ear.
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Máte skvelé ucho. Kažý má skvelé ucho.
05:42
So nobody is tone-deaf.
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Každý má hudobný sluch.
05:44
But I tell you what. It doesn't work for me to go on with this thing,
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Ale poviem vám, že nemôžem pokračovať,
05:48
with such a wide gulf between those who understand,
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kým je taký veľký rozdiel medzi tými, ktorí rozumejú,
05:52
love and [are] passionate about classical music,
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milujú a majú vášeň pre klasickú hudbu,
05:54
and those who have no relationship to it at all.
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a tými, ktorí k nej nemajú žiaden vzťah.
05:57
The tone-deaf people, they're no longer here.
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Ľudia bez sluchu tu už nie sú.
05:59
But even between those three categories, it's too wide a gulf.
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Ale aj medzi tými troma kategóriami je príliš veľká priepasť.
06:03
So I'm not going to go on until every single person in this room,
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Nebudem pokračovať, kým každý človek v tejto miestnosti,
06:07
downstairs and in Aspen, and everybody else looking,
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dole a v Aspene, a každý, čo sa teraz pozerá
06:13
will come to love and understand classical music.
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si nezamiluje a neporozumie klasickej hudbe.
06:16
So that's what we're going to do.
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To teraz urobíme.
06:19
Now, you notice that there is not the slightest doubt in my mind
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Všimnite si, že nepochybujem,
06:24
that this is going to work if you look at my face, right?
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že sa to podarí, ak sa mi pozriete do tváre.
06:27
It's one of the characteristics of a leader that he not doubt
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Je to jedná z vlastností vodcu, že nepochybuje
06:31
for one moment the capacity of the people he's leading
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ani na minútu o kapacite ľudí, ktorých vedie,
06:35
to realize whatever he's dreaming.
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aby uskutočnil čokoľvek o čom sníva.
06:37
Imagine if Martin Luther King had said, "I have a dream.
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Predstavte si, keby Martin Luter King povedal: "Mám sen.
06:40
Of course, I'm not sure they'll be up to it."
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Samozrejme, nie som si istý, či s tým budú súhlasiť."
06:42
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
06:46
All right. So I'm going to take a piece of Chopin.
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Vezmem si jednu Chopinovu skladbu.
06:48
This is a beautiful prelude by Chopin. Some of you will know it.
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Prekrásne prelúdium od Chopina. Niektorí ho spoznáte.
06:54
(Music)
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(Hudba)
07:22
Do you know what I think probably happened in this room?
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Viete, čo si myslím sa asi stalo v tejto miestnosti?
07:25
When I started, you thought, "How beautiful that sounds."
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Keď som začal, pomysleli ste si: "Ako krásne to znie."
07:27
(Music)
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(Hudba)
07:41
"I don't think we should go to the same place
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"Budúci rok by sme nemali ísť
07:42
for our summer holidays next year."
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na dovolenku na to isté miesto."
07:44
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
07:47
It's funny, isn't it? It's funny how those thoughts
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Je to zábavné, ako sa takéto myšlienky
07:50
kind of waft into your head.
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vkradnú do vašej hlavy.
07:53
And of course --
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A samozrejme --
07:54
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
07:57
-- and of course, if the piece is long and you've had a long day,
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--samozrejme, ak je skladba dlhá a Vy ste mali dlhý deň,
08:00
you might actually drift off.
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môžete aj zadriemať.
08:01
Then your companion will dig you in the ribs
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Potom vás váš spoločník šťuchne do rebier
08:03
and say, "Wake up! It's culture!" And then you feel even worse.
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a povie:"Zobuď sa! To je kultúra!" A vy sa cítite ešte horšie.
08:07
But has it ever occurred to you that the reason you feel sleepy
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Ale pomysleli ste si niekedy, že ste ospalí
08:11
in classical music is not because of you, but because of us?
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z klasickej hudby kvôli nám a nie vám?
08:13
Did anybody think while I was playing,
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Pomyslel si niekto, kým som hral,
08:15
"Why is he using so many impulses?"
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"Prečo používa toľko dôrazu?"
08:17
If I'd done this with my head you certainly would have thought it.
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Ak by som robil toto s hlavou, určite by ste si to pomysleli.
08:21
(Music)
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(Hudba)
08:26
And for the rest of your life, every time you hear classical music,
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A po zvyšok života, vždy keď by ste počuli klasiku,
08:30
you'll always be able to know if you hear those impulses.
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by ste rozoznali tie dôrazy.
08:34
So let's see what's really going on here.
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Pozrime sa, čo sa tu skutočne deje.
08:36
We have a B. This is a B. The next note is a C.
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Máme tu H. Toto je H. Ďalšia nota je C.
08:41
And the job of the C is to make the B sad. And it does, doesn't it?
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C má na starosti zosmutniť H. A aj to robí, že?
08:44
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
08:47
Composers know that. If they want sad music,
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Skladatelia to vedia. Ak chcú smutnú hudbu,
08:49
they just play those two notes.
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len zahrajú tieto dve noty.
08:50
(Music)
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(Hudba)
08:55
But basically, it's just a B, with four sads.
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Ale je to len H so štyrmi smútkami.
08:57
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
09:00
Now, it goes down to A. Now to G. And then to F.
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Teraz sa posunieme k A. Teraz G a potom F.
09:05
So we have B, A, G, F. And if we have B, A, G, F,
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Máme H, A, G, F. A ak máme H, A, G, F,
09:10
what do we expect next? Oh, that might have been a fluke.
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čo očakávame? To mohla byť len náhoda.
09:16
Let's try it again. Ooh, the TED choir.
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Skúsme to znova. Och, TED zbor.
09:22
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
09:25
And you notice nobody is tone-deaf, right? Nobody is.
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A všimnite si, že nikto nie je bez sluchu. Nikto.
09:29
You know, every village in Bangladesh
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Každá dedina v Bangladéši
09:31
and every hamlet in China -- everybody knows:
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a každá samota v Číne. Každý to vie:
09:37
da, da, da, da -- da. Everybody knows, who's expecting that E.
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dá, dá, dá, dá -- dá. Kažý očakáva E.
09:40
Now, Chopin didn't want to reach the E there,
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Ale Chopin sa ešte nechcel dostať k E.
09:44
because what will have happened? It will be over, like Hamlet.
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Lebo čo sa stane? Skončí sa to ako Hamlet.
09:46
Do you remember Hamlet? Act one, scene three,
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Pamätáte si Hamleta? Akt 1, Scéna 3:
09:49
he finds out that his uncle killed his father.
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zistí, že mu strýko zabil otca.
09:50
You remember, he keeps on going up to his uncle
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Pamätáte si, že príde ku strýkovi
09:52
and almost killing him. And then he backs away,
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a takmer ho zabije. A potom cúvne.
09:53
and he goes up to him again and almost kills him.
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A podíde k nemu a takmer ho zabije.
09:56
And the critics, all of whom are sitting in the back row there,
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A kritici, ktorí sedia v zadnom rade,
09:58
they have to have an opinion, so they say, "Hamlet is a procrastinator."
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musia mať nejaký názor, tak povedia: "Hamlet je váhavec."
10:01
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
10:02
Or they say, "Hamlet has an Oedipus complex."
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Alebo povedia: "Hamlet má Oidipov komplex."
10:05
No, otherwise the play would be over, stupid.
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Nie, inak by hra skončila, hlúpi.
10:08
That's why Shakespeare puts all that stuff in Hamlet --
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Preto to Shakespeare všetko dal do Hamleta.
10:11
you know, Ophelia going mad and the play within the play,
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Veď viete - Ofélia sa zblázni, a je tam hra v hre,
10:13
and Yorick's skull, and the gravediggers.
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a Jorikova lebka a hrobári.
10:15
That's in order to delay -- until act five, he can kill him.
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To kvôli zdržiavaniu -- až v Akte 5 ho môže zabiť.
10:18
It's the same with the Chopin. He's just about to reach the E,
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Tak to je aj so Chopinom. Takmer sa dostane k E
10:23
and he says, "Oops, better go back up and do it again."
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a potom si povie: "Radšej sa vrátim a urobím to ešte raz."
10:25
So he does it again.
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A tak to spraví ešte raz.
10:29
Now, he gets excited. (Piano) That's excitement,
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Teraz sa rozruší -- to je vzrušenie.
10:32
you don't have to worry about it.
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O to sa nebojte.
10:34
Now, he gets to F-sharp, and finally he goes down to E,
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Dostane sa k Fis a konečne príde k E,
10:36
but it's the wrong chord -- because the chord he's looking for
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ale to je zlý akord. Lebo akord, ktorý hľadá
10:40
is this one, (Piano) and instead he does ...
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je tento, a namiesto toho...
10:43
(Piano) Now, we call that a deceptive cadence, because it deceives us.
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voláme to klamlivá kadencia, pretože nás klame.
10:48
I always tell my students, "If you have a deceptive cadence,
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Vždy hovorím mojim študentom: "Ak máte klamlivú kadenciu,
10:50
be sure to raise your eyebrows. Then everybody will know."
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určite zdvihnite obočie, aby to každý vedel,"
10:52
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
10:55
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
10:59
Right. So, he gets to E, but it's the wrong chord.
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Dostane sa k E, ale je to zlý akord.
11:01
Now, he tries E again. That chord doesn't work.
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Tak znova skúša E. Ten akord neznie dobre.
11:04
Now, he tries the E again. That chord doesn't work.
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Znova skúsi E. Ten akord neznie dobre.
11:07
Now, he tries E again, and that doesn't work.
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Znova skúsi E, a neznie to dobre.
11:10
And then finally ... (Piano)
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A nakoniec...
11:13
There was a gentleman in the front row who went, "Mmm."
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Pán v prvom rade urobil: "Hmm."
11:18
It's the same gesture he makes when he comes home
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To isté gesto spraví, keď príde domov
11:20
after a long day, turns off the key in his car and says,
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po dlhom dni, otočí kľúčikom v aute a povie si:
11:24
"Aah, I'm home." Because we all know where home is.
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"Ach, som doma." Pretože všetci vieme, kde je domov.
11:27
So this is a piece which goes from away to home.
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Táto skladba plynie z ďiaľky domov.
11:30
And I'm going to play it all the way through
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A zahrám ju celú od začiatku do konca.
11:32
and you're going to follow. B, C, B, C, B, C, B --
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A vy budete sledovať: H, C, H, C, H, C, H --
11:35
down to A, down to G, down to F.
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dole k A, dole k G, dole k F.
11:37
Almost goes to E, but otherwise the play would be over.
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Takmer k E, ale inak by skladba skončila.
11:40
He goes back up to B. He gets very excited. Goes to F-sharp. Goes to E.
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Vráti sa k H. Rozruší sa. Ide k Fis, ide k E.
11:42
It's the wrong chord. It's the wrong chord. It's the wrong chord.
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Je to nesprávny akord. Zlý akord. Zlý akord.
11:45
And finally goes to E, and it's home.
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A potom konečne k E, a je doma.
11:47
And what you're going to see is one-buttock playing.
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Uvidíte hranie na polovici zadku.
11:50
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
11:53
Because for me, to join the B to the E,
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Pretože ak chcem prepojiť H s E,
11:56
I have to stop thinking about every single note along the way,
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musím prestať myslieť na každú notu, ktorú zahrám,
12:01
and start thinking about the long, long line from B to E.
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a začať myslieť na dlhú čiaru od H k E.
12:07
You know, we were just in South Africa, and you can't go to South Africa
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Práve sme boli v Južnej Afrike a nemôžete ísť do Južnej Afriky
12:11
without thinking of Mandela in jail for 27 years.
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bez spomienky na Mandelu a jeho 27 rokov vo väzení.
12:15
What was he thinking about? Lunch?
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Nad čím rozmýšľal? Nad obedom?
12:17
No, he was thinking about the vision for South Africa
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Nie, rozmýšľal nad víziou Južnej Afriky
12:21
and for human beings. That's what kept --
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a ľudí. To ho udržalo -
12:22
this is about vision. This is about the long line.
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toto je o vízii. Toto je o dlhej čiare.
12:25
Like the bird who flies over the field
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Ako vták, ktorý preletí ponad pole,
12:27
and doesn't care about the fences underneath, all right?
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nestarajúc sa o ploty pod ním.
12:31
So now, you're going to follow the line all the way from B to E.
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Teraz sledujte čiaru od H po E.
12:34
And I've one last request before I play this piece all the way through.
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Mám ešte jednu požiadavku predtým, ako to celé zahrám.
12:38
Would you think of somebody who you adore, who's no longer there?
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Myslite na niekoho, koho zbožňujete a kto tu už nie je.
12:43
A beloved grandmother, a lover --
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Milovaná stará mama, milenec,
12:47
somebody in your life who you love with all your heart,
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niekto koho milujete celým srdcom,
12:50
but that person is no longer with you.
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ale kto už s vami nie je.
12:54
Bring that person into your mind, and at the same time
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Pomyslite na toho človeka a zároveň
12:57
follow the line all the way from B to E,
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sledujte čiaru od H po E,
13:01
and you'll hear everything that Chopin had to say.
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a budete počuť všetko, čo Chopin chcel povedať.
13:09
(Music)
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(Hudba)
15:00
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
15:07
Now, you may be wondering,
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Možno sa čudujete,
15:12
you may be wondering why I'm clapping.
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prečo tlieskam.
15:18
Well, I did this at a school in Boston
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Spravil som to v škole v Bostone
15:20
with about 70 seventh graders, 12-year-olds.
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s asi 70-timi siedmakmi - dvanásť ročnými.
15:24
And I did exactly what I did with you, and I told them
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A urobil som presne to isté čo s vami, a
15:26
and explained them and the whole thing.
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vysvetlil som im to celé.
15:27
And at the end, they went crazy, clapping. They were clapping.
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A na konci zbesilo tlieskali. Oni tlieskali,
15:30
I was clapping. They were clapping.
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ja som tlieskal. Oni tlieskali.
15:31
Finally, I said, "Why am I clapping?"
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Nakoniec som povedal: "Prečo ja tlieskam?"
15:33
And one of the little kids said, "Because we were listening."
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A jedno dieťa povedalo: "Lebo sme počúvali."
15:34
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
15:40
Think of it. 1,600 people, busy people,
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Len si pomyslite. 1600 zaneprázdnených ľudí,
15:42
involved in all sorts of different things,
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zaoberajúcimi sa mnohými rozličnými vecami.
15:45
listening, understanding and being moved by a piece by Chopin.
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Počúvajú, chápu a sú pohnutí skladbou od Chopina.
15:51
Now that is something.
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Tak to je niečo.
15:52
Now, am I sure that every single person followed that,
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Ale som si istý, že každý to nasledoval,
15:55
understood it, was moved by it? Of course, I can't be sure.
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chápal a bol pohnutý? Samozrejme si nemôžem byť istý.
15:58
But I tell you what happened to me.
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Ale poviem vám, čo sa mi stalo.
15:59
I was in Ireland during the Troubles, 10 years ago,
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Bol som v Írsku počas nepokojov pred desiatimi rokmi,
16:02
and I was working with some Catholic and Protestant kids
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a pracoval som s katolíckymi a protestantskými deťmi
16:05
on conflict resolution. And I did this with them --
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na riešení konfliktov. A toto som s nimi spravil.
16:10
a risky thing to do, because they were street kids.
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Bolo to riskantné, pretože to boli deti z ulice.
16:12
And one of them came to me the next morning and he said,
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Jeden z nich ku mne prišiel nasledujúce ráno a povedal:
16:16
"You know, I've never listened to classical music in my life,
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"Nikdy predtým som nepočúval klasickú hudbu,
16:19
but when you played that shopping piece ... "
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ale keď ste hrali tú skladbu,
16:20
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
16:23
He said, "My brother was shot last year and I didn't cry for him.
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môjho brata minulý rok zastrelili a neplakal som za ním.
16:28
But last night, when you played that piece,
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Ale keď ste včera hrali tú skladbu,
16:29
he was the one I was thinking about.
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on bol ten, na ktorého som myslel.
16:32
And I felt the tears streaming down my face.
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Cítil som, ako mi slzy stekajú po tvári.
16:34
And you know, it felt really good to cry for my brother."
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Bol to skutočne dobrý pocit plakať za mojím bratom."
16:37
So I made up my mind at that moment
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V tej chvíli som sa rozhodol,
16:39
that classical music is for everybody. Everybody.
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že klasická hudba je pre každého. Každého.
16:47
Now, how would you walk -- because you know,
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Ako by ste kráčali -- pretože
16:49
my profession, the music profession doesn't see it that way.
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moja profesia, hudobná profesia to tak nevidí.
16:53
They say three percent of the population likes classical music.
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Hovoria, že tri percentá populácie majú radi klasiku.
16:56
If only we could move it to four percent, our problems would be over.
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Ak by sme to mohli zvýšiť na štyri percentá, naše problémy by sa skončili.
17:01
I say, "How would you walk? How would you talk? How would you be?
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Hovorím: "Ako by ste kráčali? Ako by ste rozprávali? Akí by ste boli,
17:04
If you thought, three percent of the population likes classical music,
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keby ste si mysleli, že tri percentá populácie majú radi klasiku?
17:08
if only we could move it to four percent. How would you walk?
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Ak by sme to mohli zvýšiť na štyri percentá, ako by ste kráčali?
17:10
How would you talk? How would you be?
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Ako by ste rozprávali? Akí by ste boli,
17:12
If you thought, everybody loves classical music --
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keby ste si mysleli, že každý má rád klasiku --
17:14
they just haven't found out about it yet."
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len o tom ešte nevedia."
17:16
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
17:17
See, these are totally different worlds.
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To sú úplne odlišné svety.
17:20
Now, I had an amazing experience. I was 45 years old,
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Mal som úžasný zážitok. Mal som 45 rokov,
17:23
I'd been conducting for 20 years, and I suddenly had a realization.
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už som dirigoval 20 rokov, a náhle som si niečo uvedomil.
17:29
The conductor of an orchestra doesn't make a sound.
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Dirigent nevydáva žiaden zvuk.
17:32
My picture appears on the front of the CD --
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Moja fotka je na obale cédéčka --
17:34
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
17:37
-- but the conductor doesn't make a sound.
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-- ale dirigent nevydáva zvuk.
17:40
He depends, for his power, on his ability to make other people powerful.
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Jeho moc závisí na jeho schopnosti urobiť iných mocnými.
17:44
And that changed everything for me. It was totally life changing.
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Všetko to pre mňa zmenilo. Zmenilo mi to život.
17:49
People in my orchestra came up to me and said,
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Ľudia z môjho orchestra ku mne prišli a povedali:
17:50
"Ben, what happened?" That's what happened.
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"Ben, čo sa stalo?" To sa stalo.
17:52
I realized my job was to awaken possibility in other people.
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Uvedomil som si, že mojou prácou bolo prebudiť možnosti v iných ľuďoch.
17:57
And of course, I wanted to know whether I was doing that.
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Samozrejme, chcel som vedieť, či som to dokázal.
18:00
And you know how you find out? You look at their eyes.
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Viete, ako som to zistil? Musíte sa pozrieť na ich oči.
18:03
If their eyes are shining, you know you're doing it.
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Ak sa im oči ligocú, viete, že to robíte.
18:08
You could light up a village with this guy's eyes.
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Očami tohto pána by ste mohli rozjasniť dedinu.
18:09
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
18:11
Right. So if the eyes are shining, you know you're doing it.
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Ak sa im oči ligocú, viete, že to robíte.
18:13
If the eyes are not shining, you get to ask a question.
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Ak sa neligocú, musíte si položiť otázku.
18:16
And this is the question:
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Takúto:
18:17
who am I being, that my players' eyes are not shining?
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Kým som, že sa môjmu hudobníkovi neligocú oči?
18:24
We can do that with our children, too.
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Môžeme to spraviť aj s deťmi.
18:25
Who am I being, that my children's eyes are not shining?
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Kým som, že sa mojím deťom neligocú oči?
18:31
That's a totally different world.
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Je to úplne iný svet.
18:33
Now, we're all about to end this magical, on-the-mountain week,
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Teraz končíme tento čarovný týždeň
18:39
and we're going back into the world.
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a vraciame sa do sveta.
18:40
And I say, it's appropriate for us to ask the question,
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Je vhodné spýtať sa:
18:44
who are we being as we go back out into the world?
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Kým sme, keď sa vraciame do sveta?
18:49
And you know, I have a definition of success.
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Mám definíciu úspechu.
18:52
For me, it's very simple. It's not about wealth and fame and power.
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Pre mňa je to jednoduché. Nie je to o bohatstve a sláve a moci.
18:54
It's about how many shining eyes I have around me.
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Je to o množstve ligotajúcich sa očí okolo mňa.
18:58
So now, I have one last thought, which is
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Mám poslednú myšlienku.
19:01
that it really makes a difference what we say --
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Naše slová urobia rozdiel.
19:04
the words that come out of our mouth.
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Slová, ktoré vypustíte z úst.
19:06
I learned this from a woman who survived Auschwitz,
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Naučil som sa to od ženy, ktorá prežila Auschwitz,
19:10
one of the rare survivors.
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jedna z mála.
19:11
She went to Auschwitz when she was 15 years old,
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Išla do Auschwitzu, keď mala 15 rokov.
19:16
and her brother was eight, and the parents were lost.
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Jej brat mal osem, a ich rodičia boli v nenávratne.
19:23
And she told me this, she said,
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Povedala mi:
19:28
"We were in the train going to Auschwitz, and I looked down
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"Boli sme vo vlaku, idúc do Auschwitzu, a ja som sa pozrela dole
19:31
and saw my brother's shoes were missing.
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a videla som, že môj brat nemal topánky.
19:34
And I said, 'Why are you so stupid, can't you keep your things together
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Povedala som mu: "Prečo si taký hlúpy -- nemôžeš si dať pozor na veci
19:37
for goodness' sake?' " The way an elder sister
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preboha? -- tak ako staršie sestry
19:38
might speak to a younger brother.
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zvyknú hovoriť mladším bratom.
19:42
Unfortunately, it was the last thing she ever said to him,
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Nanešťastie, to bolo posledné, čo mu kedy povedala,
19:45
because she never saw him again. He did not survive.
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pretože ho už nikdy viac nevidela. Neprežil.
19:49
And so when she came out of Auschwitz, she made a vow.
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A tak keď opustila Auschwitz, dala si sľub.
19:52
She told me this. She said, "I walked out of Auschwitz into life
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Povedala mi: "Vyšla som z Auschwitzu do života
19:56
and I made a vow. And the vow was, I will never say anything
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a dala som si sľub. Ten sľub bol, že už nikdy nepoviem nič,
20:02
that couldn't stand as the last thing I ever say."
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čo by neobstálo ako to posledné, čo kedy poviem."
20:05
Now, can we do that? No. And we'll make ourselves wrong
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Môžeme to dokázať? Nie. Pomýlime sa
20:10
and others wrong. But it is a possibility to live into. Thank you.
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a pomýlime iných. Ale je to možnosť, ktorou žiť. Ďakujem.
20:17
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
20:23
Shining eyes, shining eyes.
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Ligotajúce sa oči, ligotajúce sa oči.
20:34
Thank you, thank you.
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Ďakujem.
20:38
(Music)
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(Hudba)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Benjamin Zander - ConductorA leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks.
Why you should listen
Since 1979, Benjamin Zander has been the conductor of the Boston Philharmonic. He is known around the world as both a guest conductor and a speaker on leadership -- and he's been known to do both in a single performance. He uses music to help people open their minds and create joyful harmonies that bring out the best in themselves and their colleagues.
His provocative ideas about leadership are rooted in a partnership with Rosamund Stone Zander, with whom he co-wrote The Art of Possibility.
Benjamin Zander | Speaker | TED.com