TED2008
Benjamin Zander: The transformative power of classical music
Benjamin Zander: musiek en passie
Filmed:
Readability: 2.5
13,160,338 views
Benjamin Zander het twee aansteeklike passies: klassieke musiek en om almal se liefde daarvoor te ontwikkel - en terselfdertyd om ons aptyt vir alle nuwe moontlikhede, ervarings en verwantskappe te wek.
Benjamin Zander - Conductor
A leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks. Full bio
A leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Probably a lot of you know the story of the two salesmen
0
0
3000
Van julle ken waarskynlik die storie van die twee verkoopsmanne
00:15
who went down to Africa in the 1900s.
1
3000
3000
wat in die 1900's Afrika besoek het.
00:18
They were sent down to find if there was any opportunity
2
6000
2000
Hulle is gestuur om uit te vind of daar enige geleentheid was
00:20
for selling shoes,
3
8000
2000
om skoene te verkoop.
00:22
and they wrote telegrams back to Manchester.
4
10000
3000
Hulle stuur toe telegramme terug na Manchester toe
00:25
And one of them wrote, "Situation hopeless. Stop.
5
13000
4000
Die een skryf: "Situasie hopeloos. Stop.
00:29
They don't wear shoes."
6
17000
1000
Hulle dra nie skoene nie."
00:30
And the other one wrote, "Glorious opportunity.
7
18000
3000
Die ander een skryf: "Uitstekende geleentheid.
00:33
They don't have any shoes yet."
8
21000
2000
Hulle het nog nie skoene hier nie."
00:35
(Laughter)
9
23000
1000
(Gelag)
00:36
Now, there's a similar situation in the classical music world,
10
24000
3000
Daar is 'n soortgelyke situasie in die wêreld van klassieke musiek,
00:40
because there are some people who think
11
28000
1000
want party mense dink
00:41
that classical music is dying.
12
29000
3000
dat klassieke musiek besig is om uit te sterf.
00:45
And there are some of us who think you ain't seen nothing yet.
13
33000
3000
En dan is daar van ons wat dink dis nog net die begin van veel groter dinge.
00:48
And rather than go into statistics and trends,
14
36000
4000
Eerder as om statistiek en tendense aan te haal
00:52
and tell you about all the orchestras that are closing,
15
40000
2000
en julle te vertel van al die orkeste wat ophou bestaan,
00:54
and the record companies that are folding,
16
42000
3000
en die musiekmaatskappye wat besig is om te sluit,
00:57
I thought we should do an experiment tonight -- an experiment.
17
45000
4000
het ek gedink ons kan vanaand 'n eksperiment doen -- 'n eksperiment..
01:01
Actually, it's not really an experiment, because I know the outcome.
18
49000
4000
Dis nie regtig 'n eksperiment nie, want ek weet wat die uitkoms is.
01:06
But it's like an experiment. Now, before we --
19
54000
2000
Maar dis iets soos 'n eksperiment. Nou, voor ons --
01:08
(Laughter)
20
56000
4000
(Gelag)
01:12
-- before we start, I need to do two things.
21
60000
2000
-- voor ons begin, moet ek twee dinge doen.
01:14
One is I want to remind you of what a seven-year-old child
22
62000
4000
Die een is dat ek julle wil herinner hoe 'n sewejarige kind
01:19
sounds like when he plays the piano.
23
67000
1000
klink wanneer hy klavier speel.
01:20
Maybe you have this child at home.
24
68000
2000
Miskien het julle so 'n kind by die huis.
01:23
He sounds something like this.
25
71000
1000
Hy klink omtrent so.
01:24
(Piano)
26
72000
20000
(Klavier)
01:44
I see some of you recognize this child.
27
92000
2000
Ek sien sommige van julle herken hierdie kind.
01:46
Now, if he practices for a year and takes lessons, he's now eight
28
94000
5000
As hy 'n jaar lank oefen en les neem, is hy nou agt
01:51
and he sounds like this.
29
99000
1000
en dan klink hy so.
01:52
(Piano)
30
100000
7000
(Klavier)
01:59
Then he practices for another year and takes lessons -- now he's nine.
31
107000
3000
Dan oefen hy nog 'n jaar en neem les; nou's hy nege.
02:02
(Piano)
32
110000
6000
(Klavier)
02:08
Then he practices for another and takes lessons -- now he's 10.
33
116000
3000
Dan oefen hy nog 'n jaar en neem les; nou's hy tien.
02:11
(Piano)
34
119000
7000
(Klavier)
02:18
At that point, they usually give up.
35
126000
1000
Op daardie stadium gooi hulle gewoonlik tou op.
02:19
(Laughter)
36
127000
2000
(Gelag)
02:21
(Applause)
37
129000
2000
(Applous)
02:23
Now, if you'd waited, if you'd waited for one more year,
38
131000
2000
Maar as jy gewag het, nog een jaar gewag het,
02:26
you would have heard this.
39
134000
1000
sou jy dit gehoor het:
02:27
(Piano)
40
135000
9000
(Klavier)
02:36
Now, what happened was not maybe what you thought,
41
144000
3000
Wat gebeur het, is nie wat julle dalk dink nie,
02:39
which is, he suddenly became passionate, engaged,
42
147000
3000
dit is, dat hy het skielik passievol, betrokke,
02:42
involved, got a new teacher, he hit puberty, or whatever it is.
43
150000
3000
geraak, 'n nuwe onderwyser gekry, puberteit bereik het, of wat ook al.
02:45
What actually happened was the impulses were reduced.
44
153000
4000
Wat in werklikheid gebeur het, is dat die impetus verlaag is.
02:50
You see, the first time, he was playing
45
158000
1000
Julle sien, die eerste keer het hy
02:51
with an impulse on every note.
46
159000
2000
met 'n impetus op elke noot gespeel.
02:54
(Piano)
47
162000
2000
(Klavier)
02:56
And the second, with an impulse every other note.
48
164000
2000
En die tweede met die impetus op elke tweede noot.
02:59
(Piano)
49
167000
2000
(Klavier)
03:01
You can see it by looking at my head.
50
169000
1000
Julle kan dit sien deur na my kop te kyk.
03:03
(Laughter)
51
171000
1000
(Gelag)
03:04
The nine-year-old
52
172000
2000
Die nege-jarige, die nege-jarige
03:06
put an impulse on every four notes.
53
174000
1000
plaas die impetus op elke vierde noot.
03:07
(Piano)
54
175000
2000
(Klavier)
03:10
And the 10-year-old, on every eight notes.
55
178000
1000
En die tien-jarige op elke agt note.
03:11
(Piano)
56
179000
3000
(Klavier)
03:14
And the 11-year-old, one impulse on the whole phrase.
57
182000
2000
En die 11-jarige, een impetus op die hele frase.
03:16
(Piano)
58
184000
3000
(Klavier)
03:20
I know -- I don't know how we got into this position.
59
188000
2000
Ek weet -- ek weet nie hoe ons hier beland het nie.
03:22
(Laughter)
60
190000
2000
(Gelag)
03:25
I didn't say, "I'm going to move my shoulder over, move my body."
61
193000
2000
Ek het nie gesê ek gaan my skouer oor beweeg, my lyf beweeg nie.
03:27
No, the music pushed me over,
62
195000
2000
Nee, die musiek het my omgestoot,
03:29
which is why I call it one-buttock playing.
63
197000
2000
dit is waarom ek dit 'een-boud' spel noem.
03:31
(Piano)
64
199000
2000
(Klavier)
03:33
It can be the other buttock.
65
201000
1000
Dit kan ook die ander boud wees.
03:34
(Piano)
66
202000
4000
(Klavier)
03:38
You know, a gentleman was once watching a presentation I was doing,
67
206000
3000
Julle weet, 'n man het een keer na 'n aanbieding gekyk wat ek voorgedra het
03:41
when I was working with a young pianist.
68
209000
1000
toe ek met 'n jong pianis gewerk het.
03:43
He was the president of a corporation in Ohio.
69
211000
2000
Hy was die president van 'n maatskappy in Ohio.
03:45
And I was working with this young pianist
70
213000
2000
En ek het met die jong pianis gewerk
03:48
and I said, "The trouble with you is you're a two-buttock player.
71
216000
2000
en ek het gesê: "Die moeilikheid met jou is dat jy 'n 'twee-boud' speler is.
03:50
You should be a one-buttock player."
72
218000
2000
Jy behoort 'n 'een-boud' speler te wees."
03:52
And I moved his body like that, while he was playing.
73
220000
2000
Toe verskuif ek sy lyf so terwyl hy speel.
03:54
And suddenly, the music took off. It took flight.
74
222000
2000
En skielik het die musiek lewe gekry. Dit het opgestyg.
03:57
There was a gasp in the audience when they heard the difference.
75
225000
2000
Die gehoor het na hulle asems gesnak toe hulle die verskil hoor.
03:59
And then I got a letter from this gentleman.
76
227000
2000
En toe kry ek 'n brief van hierdie man.
04:01
He said, "I was so moved.
77
229000
1000
Hy skryf: "Ek was so beïndruk.
04:02
I went back and I transformed my entire company
78
230000
2000
Ek het teruggegaan en my hele firma omskep
04:05
into a one-buttock company."
79
233000
1000
in 'n 'een-boud' maatskappy."
04:06
(Laughter)
80
234000
3000
(Gelag)
04:10
Now, the other thing I wanted to do is to tell you about you.
81
238000
2000
Die ander ding wat ek wou doen, is om julle oor julleself te vertel.
04:12
There are 1,600 people, I believe.
82
240000
3000
Ek verstaan daar is 1,600 mense hier.
04:15
My estimation is that probably 45 of you
83
243000
3000
Ek skat dat 45 van julle waarskynlik
04:18
are absolutely passionate about classical music.
84
246000
2000
'n absolute passie vir klassieke musiek het.
04:21
You adore classical music. Your FM is always on that classical dial.
85
249000
5000
Julle is mal oor klassieke musiek. Julle radio's is altyd op klassiek ingestel.
04:26
And you have CDs in your car, and you go to the symphony.
86
254000
3000
Julle het CD's in julle motors en julle woon simfoniekonserte by.
04:29
And your children are playing instruments.
87
257000
1000
En julle kinders speel instrumente.
04:30
You can't imagine your life without classical music.
88
258000
2000
Julle kan nie jul lewens indink sonder klassieke musiek nie.
04:33
That's the first group; it's quite a small group.
89
261000
2000
Dit is die eerste groep; 'n redelike klein groepie.
04:35
Then there's another group, bigger group.
90
263000
2000
Dan is daar 'n ander groep, 'n groter groep.
04:37
These are the people who don't mind classical music.
91
265000
2000
Dit is mense wat nie omgee as klassieke musiek speel nie.
04:39
(Laughter)
92
267000
1000
(Gelag)
04:40
You know, you've come home from a long day,
93
268000
2000
Julle weet, 'n mens kom tuis na 'n lang dag
04:42
and you take a glass of wine, and you put your feet up.
94
270000
2000
en jy kry 'n glasie wyn en gaan sit gemaklik.
04:45
A little Vivaldi in the background doesn't do any harm.
95
273000
2000
'n Bietjie Vivaldi in die agtergrond doen geen skade nie.
04:47
(Laughter)
96
275000
1000
(Gelag)
04:48
That's the second group.
97
276000
1000
Dis die tweede groep.
04:49
Now comes the third group.
98
277000
1000
Nou vir die derde groep.
04:50
These are the people who never listen to classical music.
99
278000
2000
Dit is mense wat nooit na klassieke musiek luister nie.
04:52
It's just simply not part of your life.
100
280000
2000
Dit is eenvoudig nie deel van jou lewe nie.
04:55
You might hear it like second-hand smoke at the airport, but --
101
283000
2000
Jy mag dit dalk nes sekondêre rook by die lughawe optel, maar --
04:57
(Laughter)
102
285000
2000
(Gelag)
04:59
-- and maybe a little bit of a march from "Aida"
103
287000
1000
-- en miskien 'n stukkie marsmusiek uit Aïda
05:00
when you come into the hall. But otherwise, you never hear it.
104
288000
3000
wanneer jy die saal instap. Maar andersins hoor jy dit nooit.
05:04
That's probably the largest group of all.
105
292000
1000
Dit is waarskynlik die grootste groep van almal.
05:05
And then there's a very small group.
106
293000
2000
En dan is daar 'n baie klein groepie.
05:07
These are the people who think they're tone-deaf.
107
295000
3000
Dit is mense wat dink dat hulle toondoof is.
05:10
Amazing number of people think they're tone-deaf.
108
298000
2000
'n Verbasende aantal mense dink hulle is toondoof.
05:13
Actually, I hear a lot, "My husband is tone-deaf."
109
301000
2000
Inderwaarheid hoor ek dikwels: "My man is toondoof."
05:15
(Laughter)
110
303000
1000
(Gelag)
05:16
Actually, you cannot be tone-deaf. Nobody is tone-deaf.
111
304000
3000
Die waarheid is dat jy nie toondoof kan wees nie. Niemand is toondoof nie.
05:19
If you were tone-deaf, you couldn't change the gears
112
307000
3000
As jy toondoof was, sou jy nie die ratte kon verwissel
05:22
on your car, in a stick shift car.
113
310000
2000
in jou motor met 'n handdrat nie.
05:24
You couldn't tell the difference between
114
312000
2000
Jy sou nie die verskil kon agterkom tussen
05:26
somebody from Texas and somebody from Rome.
115
314000
2000
iemand van Texas en iemand van Rome nie.
05:28
And the telephone. The telephone. If your mother calls
116
316000
4000
En die telefoon. Die telefoon. As jou ma op die elendige foon
05:33
on the miserable telephone, she calls and says, "Hello,"
117
321000
2000
bel en sy sê: "Hallo,"
05:35
you not only know who it is, you know what mood she's in.
118
323000
3000
dan weet jy nie net wie dit is nie, jy weet ook in watter bui sy is.
05:39
You have a fantastic ear. Everybody has a fantastic ear.
119
327000
3000
Jy het 'n wonderlike oor. Almal het 'n wonderlike oor.
05:42
So nobody is tone-deaf.
120
330000
2000
Niemand is dus toondoof nie.
05:44
But I tell you what. It doesn't work for me to go on with this thing,
121
332000
4000
Maar ek sê julle wat. Dit help nie ek gaan voort met hierdie ding nie
05:48
with such a wide gulf between those who understand,
122
336000
3000
met so 'n groot gaping tussen dié wat verstaan,
05:52
love and [are] passionate about classical music,
123
340000
2000
en wat passievol en lief vir klassieke musiek is,
05:54
and those who have no relationship to it at all.
124
342000
3000
en diegene wat glad geen aanklank daarmee het nie.
05:57
The tone-deaf people, they're no longer here.
125
345000
2000
Die toondoof mense is nie meer hier nie.
05:59
But even between those three categories, it's too wide a gulf.
126
347000
4000
Maar selfs tussen daardie twee kategorieë is die gaping te groot.
06:03
So I'm not going to go on until every single person in this room,
127
351000
4000
Ek gaan dus nie voortgaan totdat elkeen in hierdie vertrek,
06:07
downstairs and in Aspen, and everybody else looking,
128
355000
5000
op die onderste vloer en in Aspen, en almal wat hierna kyk,
06:13
will come to love and understand classical music.
129
361000
3000
geleer het om klassieke musiek lief te hê en te verstaan nie.
06:16
So that's what we're going to do.
130
364000
2000
En dit is wat ons gaan doen.
06:19
Now, you notice that there is not the slightest doubt in my mind
131
367000
5000
Julle sien dat ek nie die geringste twyfel het
06:24
that this is going to work if you look at my face, right?
132
372000
3000
dat dit gaan werk as julle na my gesig kyk nie, reg?
06:27
It's one of the characteristics of a leader that he not doubt
133
375000
4000
Dit is een van die eienskappe van 'n leier dat hy geen twyfel het nie
06:31
for one moment the capacity of the people he's leading
134
379000
3000
oor die mense wat hy lei se vermoë
06:35
to realize whatever he's dreaming.
135
383000
2000
om dit te bereik waaroor hy droom nie.
06:37
Imagine if Martin Luther King had said, "I have a dream.
136
385000
3000
Dink net, as Martin Luther King sou sê: "I have a dream
06:40
Of course, I'm not sure they'll be up to it."
137
388000
2000
of course, I'm not sure they'll be up to it."
06:42
(Laughter)
138
390000
3000
(Gelag)
06:46
All right. So I'm going to take a piece of Chopin.
139
394000
2000
Goed. Ek gaan 'n stuk van Chopin gebruik.
06:48
This is a beautiful prelude by Chopin. Some of you will know it.
140
396000
5000
Dit is 'n pragtige prelude van Chopin. Party van julle sal dit ken.
06:54
(Music)
141
402000
28000
(Musiek)
07:22
Do you know what I think probably happened in this room?
142
430000
2000
Weet julle wat dink ek het waarskynlik in hierdie kamer gebeur?
07:25
When I started, you thought, "How beautiful that sounds."
143
433000
2000
Toe ek begin het, het julle gedink: "Hoe pragtig klink dit."
07:27
(Music)
144
435000
13000
(Musiek)
07:41
"I don't think we should go to the same place
145
449000
1000
"Ek dink nie ons moet volgende jaar vir die somervakansie
07:42
for our summer holidays next year."
146
450000
2000
na dieselfde plek toe gaan nie."
07:44
(Laughter)
147
452000
3000
(Gelag)
07:47
It's funny, isn't it? It's funny how those thoughts
148
455000
3000
Dis snaaks, is dit nie? Dis snaaks hoe sulke dinge
07:50
kind of waft into your head.
149
458000
3000
in ons gedagtes insluip.
07:53
And of course --
150
461000
1000
En natuurlik...
07:54
(Applause)
151
462000
3000
(Applous)
07:57
-- and of course, if the piece is long and you've had a long day,
152
465000
2000
-- en natuurlik, as die stuk lank is en jy het 'n lang dag gehad,
08:00
you might actually drift off.
153
468000
1000
mag jy selfs insluimer.
08:01
Then your companion will dig you in the ribs
154
469000
2000
Dan sal jou metgesel jou in die ribbes pomp
08:03
and say, "Wake up! It's culture!" And then you feel even worse.
155
471000
4000
en sê: "Word wakker! Dis kultuur!" En dan voel jy nog slegter.
08:07
But has it ever occurred to you that the reason you feel sleepy
156
475000
3000
Maar het dit al ooit by jou opgekom dat die rede waarom jy vaak word
08:11
in classical music is not because of you, but because of us?
157
479000
2000
met klassieke musiek nie jou skuld is nie, maar ons s'n?
08:13
Did anybody think while I was playing,
158
481000
2000
Het enigiemand gedink, terwyl ek gespeel het:
08:15
"Why is he using so many impulses?"
159
483000
2000
"Waarom gebruik hy soveel klemtone?"
08:17
If I'd done this with my head you certainly would have thought it.
160
485000
3000
As ek dit met my kop gedoen het, sou julle beslis so gedink het.
08:21
(Music)
161
489000
5000
(Musiek)
08:26
And for the rest of your life, every time you hear classical music,
162
494000
4000
En vir die res van julle lewens sal julle altyd bewus wees
08:30
you'll always be able to know if you hear those impulses.
163
498000
4000
van die klemtone wanneer julle na klassieke musiek luister.
08:34
So let's see what's really going on here.
164
502000
2000
Kom ons kyk dus wat regtig hier aangaan.
08:36
We have a B. This is a B. The next note is a C.
165
504000
5000
Ons het 'n B. Dit is 'n B. Die volgende noot is 'n C.
08:41
And the job of the C is to make the B sad. And it does, doesn't it?
166
509000
3000
En die taak van die C is om die B treurig te maak. En dit werk, nie waar nie?
08:44
(Laughter)
167
512000
3000
(Gelag)
08:47
Composers know that. If they want sad music,
168
515000
2000
Komponiste weet dit. As hulle treurige musiek wil hê,
08:49
they just play those two notes.
169
517000
1000
speel hulle net hierdie twee note.
08:50
(Music)
170
518000
5000
(Musiek)
08:55
But basically, it's just a B, with four sads.
171
523000
2000
Maar basies is dit net 'n B, met vier treuriges.
08:57
(Laughter)
172
525000
2000
(Gelag)
09:00
Now, it goes down to A. Now to G. And then to F.
173
528000
5000
Nou gaan dit af na A. Nou na G, en dan na F.
09:05
So we have B, A, G, F. And if we have B, A, G, F,
174
533000
4000
Ons het dus B, A, G, F. En wanneer ons B, A, G, F het,
09:10
what do we expect next? Oh, that might have been a fluke.
175
538000
6000
wat verwag ons volgende? O, dit was seker toeval.
09:16
Let's try it again. Ooh, the TED choir.
176
544000
6000
Kom ons probeer weer. O, die TED-koor.
09:22
(Laughter)
177
550000
3000
(Gelag)
09:25
And you notice nobody is tone-deaf, right? Nobody is.
178
553000
4000
En julle let op dat niemand toondoof is nie, reg? Niemand is nie.
09:29
You know, every village in Bangladesh
179
557000
2000
Julle weet, elke dorpie in Bangladesh
09:31
and every hamlet in China -- everybody knows:
180
559000
5000
en elke gehuggie in Sjina. Almal weet:
09:37
da, da, da, da -- da. Everybody knows, who's expecting that E.
181
565000
3000
da, da, da, da - da. Almal weet om 'n E daar te verwag.
09:40
Now, Chopin didn't want to reach the E there,
182
568000
3000
Nou. Chopin wou nie daar by die E uitgekom het nie,
09:44
because what will have happened? It will be over, like Hamlet.
183
572000
2000
want wat sou gebeur het? Dit sou verby wees, soos Hamlet.
09:46
Do you remember Hamlet? Act one, scene three,
184
574000
2000
Onthou julle Hamlet? Eerste Bedryf, Toneel 3:
09:49
he finds out that his uncle killed his father.
185
577000
1000
hy vind uit dat sy oom sy pa doodgemaak het.
09:50
You remember, he keeps on going up to his uncle
186
578000
2000
Julle onthou hy hou aan om sy oom te nader
09:52
and almost killing him. And then he backs away,
187
580000
1000
en hy maak hom amper dood. Dan draai hy om
09:53
and he goes up to him again and almost kills him.
188
581000
3000
en hy nader hom weer en maak hom amper dood.
09:56
And the critics, all of whom are sitting in the back row there,
189
584000
2000
En die kritici, wat almal daar in die agterste ry sit,
09:58
they have to have an opinion, so they say, "Hamlet is a procrastinator."
190
586000
3000
hulle moet 'n opinie hê, dus sê hulle: "Hamlet is 'n sloerder."
10:01
(Laughter)
191
589000
1000
(Gelag)
10:02
Or they say, "Hamlet has an Oedipus complex."
192
590000
2000
Of hulle sê: "Hamlet het 'n Oedipus-kompleks."
10:05
No, otherwise the play would be over, stupid.
193
593000
3000
Nee, anders sou die opvoering verby gewees het. Dis simpel.
10:08
That's why Shakespeare puts all that stuff in Hamlet --
194
596000
2000
Dit is waarom Shakespeare al daardie goed in Hamlet gesit het.
10:11
you know, Ophelia going mad and the play within the play,
195
599000
2000
Julle weet, Ophelia wat van haar kop af raak en die storie binne die storie,
10:13
and Yorick's skull, and the gravediggers.
196
601000
1000
en Yorick se kopbeen en die grafgrawers.
10:15
That's in order to delay -- until act five, he can kill him.
197
603000
3000
Dis in orde om uit te stel - totdat hy hom in die Vyfde Bedryf kan doodmaak.
10:18
It's the same with the Chopin. He's just about to reach the E,
198
606000
5000
Dieselfde met Chopin. Hy is op pad om tot by die E te vorder,
10:23
and he says, "Oops, better go back up and do it again."
199
611000
2000
en hy sê: "Oeps, ek moet liewers terug gaan en dit weer doen."
10:25
So he does it again.
200
613000
3000
Dan doen hy dit weer.
10:29
Now, he gets excited. (Piano) That's excitement,
201
617000
3000
Nou raak hy opgewonde -- dit is opgewondenheid,
10:32
you don't have to worry about it.
202
620000
1000
julle hoef julle nie daaroor te bekommer nie.
10:34
Now, he gets to F-sharp, and finally he goes down to E,
203
622000
2000
Nou kom hy by F-kruis uit en uiteindelik gaan hy af tot by E,
10:36
but it's the wrong chord -- because the chord he's looking for
204
624000
3000
maar dis in die verkeerde sleutel. Want die sleutel waarna hy soek
10:40
is this one, (Piano) and instead he does ...
205
628000
3000
is hierdie een, en in plaas daarvan doen hy...
10:43
(Piano) Now, we call that a deceptive cadence, because it deceives us.
206
631000
4000
nou, ons noem dit "misleidende intonasie" want dit mislei ons.
10:48
I always tell my students, "If you have a deceptive cadence,
207
636000
2000
Ek sê altyd vir my studente: "As julle met misleidende intonasie te doen het
10:50
be sure to raise your eyebrows. Then everybody will know."
208
638000
2000
lig altyd julle wenkbroue, dan sal almal weet."
10:52
(Laughter)
209
640000
3000
(Gelag)
10:55
(Applause)
210
643000
3000
(Applous)
10:59
Right. So, he gets to E, but it's the wrong chord.
211
647000
2000
Reg. Hy kom dus by die E uit, maar dis in die verkeerde sleutel.
11:01
Now, he tries E again. That chord doesn't work.
212
649000
3000
Nou probeer hy weer E. Daardie sleutel werk nie.
11:04
Now, he tries the E again. That chord doesn't work.
213
652000
3000
Nou probeer hy weer die E. Daardie sleutel werk nie.
11:07
Now, he tries E again, and that doesn't work.
214
655000
2000
Nou probeer hy weer E, en dit werk nie.
11:10
And then finally ... (Piano)
215
658000
3000
En dan, uiteindelik...
11:13
There was a gentleman in the front row who went, "Mmm."
216
661000
4000
Daar is 'n man in die voorste ry wat "Mmm" brom.
11:18
It's the same gesture he makes when he comes home
217
666000
2000
Dit is dieselfde ding wat hy doen wanneer hy na 'n lang dag
11:20
after a long day, turns off the key in his car and says,
218
668000
3000
by die huis kom, sy motor afskakel en sê:
11:24
"Aah, I'm home." Because we all know where home is.
219
672000
3000
"A, ek is tuis." Want ons weet almal waar ons huise is.
11:27
So this is a piece which goes from away to home.
220
675000
3000
Dit is dus 'n stuk wat van verlaat af weer tuiskom.
11:30
And I'm going to play it all the way through
221
678000
2000
Ek gaan dit regdeur speel
11:32
and you're going to follow. B, C, B, C, B, C, B --
222
680000
3000
en julle gaan volg: B, C, B, C, B, C, B --
11:35
down to A, down to G, down to F.
223
683000
2000
af na A, af na G, af na F.
11:37
Almost goes to E, but otherwise the play would be over.
224
685000
2000
Amper tot by E, maar dan sal die opvoering verby wees.
11:40
He goes back up to B. He gets very excited. Goes to F-sharp. Goes to E.
225
688000
2000
Hy gaan terug na B. Hy raak baie opgewonde. Gaan na F-kruis, Gaan na E.
11:42
It's the wrong chord. It's the wrong chord. It's the wrong chord.
226
690000
2000
Dis die verkeerde akkord. Dis die verkeerde akkord.. Dis die verkeerde akkoord.
11:45
And finally goes to E, and it's home.
227
693000
2000
En uiteindelik na E, en dis tuis.
11:47
And what you're going to see is one-buttock playing.
228
695000
3000
En wat julle gaan sien, is 'een boud'-spel.
11:50
(Laughter)
229
698000
3000
(Gelag)
11:53
Because for me, to join the B to the E,
230
701000
2000
Want vir my, om van die B tot by die E te beweeg,
11:56
I have to stop thinking about every single note along the way,
231
704000
5000
moet ek ophou dink aan elke enkele noot op hierdie roete
12:01
and start thinking about the long, long line from B to E.
232
709000
5000
en begin dink aan die lang, lang pad van B tot E.
12:07
You know, we were just in South Africa, and you can't go to South Africa
233
715000
4000
Julle weet, ons was pas in Suid-Afrika, en jy kan nie na Suid-Afrika gaan
12:11
without thinking of Mandela in jail for 27 years.
234
719000
3000
sonder om aan Mandela wat 27 jaar lank in die tronk was te dink nie.
12:15
What was he thinking about? Lunch?
235
723000
2000
Waaraan het hy gedink? Middagete?
12:17
No, he was thinking about the vision for South Africa
236
725000
3000
Nee, hy het gedink aan die visie vir Suid-Afrika
12:21
and for human beings. That's what kept --
237
729000
1000
en 'n visie vir die mensdom. Dis wat behoue gebly het --
12:22
this is about vision. This is about the long line.
238
730000
3000
dit gaan oor visie; dit gaan oor die lang pad.
12:25
Like the bird who flies over the field
239
733000
2000
Soos die voël wat oor die veld vlieg
12:27
and doesn't care about the fences underneath, all right?
240
735000
4000
en geen aandag gee aan die heinings daaronder nie, reg?
12:31
So now, you're going to follow the line all the way from B to E.
241
739000
3000
Nou gaan julle die lyn al die pad volg, van B tot E.
12:34
And I've one last request before I play this piece all the way through.
242
742000
4000
Ek het een finale versoek voor ek hierdie stuk regdeur speel.
12:38
Would you think of somebody who you adore, who's no longer there?
243
746000
5000
Sal jy dink aan iemand wat jy baie liefhet, wat nie meer daar is nie?
12:43
A beloved grandmother, a lover --
244
751000
3000
'n Geliefde ouma, 'n geliefde,
12:47
somebody in your life who you love with all your heart,
245
755000
3000
iemand in jou lewe wat jy met jou hele hart liefhet,
12:50
but that person is no longer with you.
246
758000
3000
maar daardie persoon is nie meer by jou nie.
12:54
Bring that person into your mind, and at the same time
247
762000
3000
Dink aan daardie persoon, en volg terselfdertyd
12:57
follow the line all the way from B to E,
248
765000
4000
die lyn al die pad van B na E,
13:01
and you'll hear everything that Chopin had to say.
249
769000
8000
en jy sal alles hoor wat Chopin te sê gehad het.
13:09
(Music)
250
777000
111000
(Musiek)
15:00
(Applause)
251
888000
7000
(Applous)
15:07
Now, you may be wondering,
252
895000
5000
Julle mag dalk nou wonder,
15:12
you may be wondering why I'm clapping.
253
900000
6000
julle mag wonder waarom ek saam klap.
15:18
Well, I did this at a school in Boston
254
906000
2000
Wel, ek het dit by 'n skool in Boston gedoen
15:20
with about 70 seventh graders, 12-year-olds.
255
908000
4000
met omtrent 70 graad sewes -- 12-jariges.
15:24
And I did exactly what I did with you, and I told them
256
912000
2000
Ek het presies dieselfde met hulle gedoen, en ek het hulle vertel
15:26
and explained them and the whole thing.
257
914000
1000
en die hele ding aan hulle verduidelik.
15:27
And at the end, they went crazy, clapping. They were clapping.
258
915000
2000
En aan die einde het hulle besete geraak en geklap. Hulle het geklap.
15:30
I was clapping. They were clapping.
259
918000
1000
Ek het geklap. Hulle het geklap.
15:31
Finally, I said, "Why am I clapping?"
260
919000
2000
Totdat ek vra: "Waarom klap ek?"
15:33
And one of the little kids said, "Because we were listening."
261
921000
1000
En een van die kleintjies sê: "Want ons het geluister."
15:34
(Laughter)
262
922000
5000
(Gelag)
15:40
Think of it. 1,600 people, busy people,
263
928000
2000
Dink daaraan. 1,600 mense, besige mense,
15:42
involved in all sorts of different things,
264
930000
2000
wat by baie verskillende dinge betrokke is.
15:45
listening, understanding and being moved by a piece by Chopin.
265
933000
6000
Besig om te luister, te verstaan en aangeraak te word deur 'n stuk van Chopin.
15:51
Now that is something.
266
939000
1000
Dit is merkwaardig.
15:52
Now, am I sure that every single person followed that,
267
940000
3000
Is ek seker dat elkeen dit gevolg en verstaan het
15:55
understood it, was moved by it? Of course, I can't be sure.
268
943000
2000
en daardeur aangeraak is. Natuurlik kan ek nie seker wees nie.
15:58
But I tell you what happened to me.
269
946000
1000
Maar kom ek vertel julle wat met my gebeur het.
15:59
I was in Ireland during the Troubles, 10 years ago,
270
947000
3000
Ek was 10 jaar gelede, tydens hulle moeilikhede, in Ierland,
16:02
and I was working with some Catholic and Protestant kids
271
950000
3000
en ek het met 'n klompie Katolieke en Protestantse kinders gewerk
16:05
on conflict resolution. And I did this with them --
272
953000
4000
oor konflikoplossing. Toe doen ek dit met hulle.
16:10
a risky thing to do, because they were street kids.
273
958000
2000
'n Gewaagde ding, want hulle was straatkinders.
16:12
And one of them came to me the next morning and he said,
274
960000
3000
En een van hulle kom die volgende oggend na my en hy sê:
16:16
"You know, I've never listened to classical music in my life,
275
964000
3000
"Jy weet, ek het nog nooit in my lewe na klassieke musiek geluister nie,
16:19
but when you played that shopping piece ... "
276
967000
1000
maar toe jy daardie "shopping" stuk speel..."
16:20
(Laughter)
277
968000
3000
(Gelag)
16:23
He said, "My brother was shot last year and I didn't cry for him.
278
971000
4000
Hy sê: "My broer is laasjaar geskiet en ek het nie oor hom gehuil nie.
16:28
But last night, when you played that piece,
279
976000
1000
Maar gistraand toe jy daardie stuk speel,
16:29
he was the one I was thinking about.
280
977000
3000
was hy die een aan wie ek gedink het.
16:32
And I felt the tears streaming down my face.
281
980000
2000
En ek het gevoel hoe trane oor my gesig stroom.
16:34
And you know, it felt really good to cry for my brother."
282
982000
3000
En weet jy, dit het regtig goed gevoel om oor my broer te huil."
16:37
So I made up my mind at that moment
283
985000
2000
Op daardie oomblik het ek besluit
16:39
that classical music is for everybody. Everybody.
284
987000
7000
dat klassieke musiek aan almal behoort. Aaan almal.
16:47
Now, how would you walk -- because you know,
285
995000
2000
Nou, hoe sou julle loop -- want julle ken almal
16:49
my profession, the music profession doesn't see it that way.
286
997000
4000
my professie, die musiekprofessie beskou dit nie so nie.
16:53
They say three percent of the population likes classical music.
287
1001000
3000
Hulle sê 3 persent van die bevolking hou van klassieke musiek.
16:56
If only we could move it to four percent, our problems would be over.
288
1004000
4000
As ons dit maar net kon opstoot na 4 persent sou ons probleme opgelos wees.
17:01
I say, "How would you walk? How would you talk? How would you be?
289
1009000
3000
Ek sê: "Hoe sou jy loop? Hoe sou jy praat? Hoe sou jy wees
17:04
If you thought, three percent of the population likes classical music,
290
1012000
3000
as jy gedink het dat 3 persent van die bevolking van klassieke musiek hou?
17:08
if only we could move it to four percent. How would you walk?
291
1016000
2000
As ons dit maar net kon opstoot na 4 persent. Hoe sou jy geloop het?
17:10
How would you talk? How would you be?
292
1018000
2000
Hoe sou jy gepraat het? Hoe sou jy wees
17:12
If you thought, everybody loves classical music --
293
1020000
2000
as jy gedink het dat almal lief is vir klassieke musiek --
17:14
they just haven't found out about it yet."
294
1022000
2000
hulle het dit nog net nie ontdek nie."
17:16
(Laughter)
295
1024000
1000
(Gelag)
17:17
See, these are totally different worlds.
296
1025000
2000
Sien, dit is totaal verskillende wêrelde.
17:20
Now, I had an amazing experience. I was 45 years old,
297
1028000
3000
Ek het 'n wonderlike ervaring gehad toe ek 45 jaar oud was.
17:23
I'd been conducting for 20 years, and I suddenly had a realization.
298
1031000
5000
Ek het toe reeds 20 jaar lank dirigeer, en skielik het ek iets besef.
17:29
The conductor of an orchestra doesn't make a sound.
299
1037000
3000
Die dirigent van 'n orkes maak nie 'n geluid nie.
17:32
My picture appears on the front of the CD --
300
1040000
2000
My foto verskyn voor op die CD -
17:34
(Laughter)
301
1042000
3000
(Gelag)
17:37
-- but the conductor doesn't make a sound.
302
1045000
2000
- maar die dirigent maak nie 'n geluid nie.
17:40
He depends, for his power, on his ability to make other people powerful.
303
1048000
4000
Vir hom om mag te hê, is hy afhanklik van sy vermoë om ander mense te bemagtig.
17:44
And that changed everything for me. It was totally life changing.
304
1052000
4000
En dit het alles vir my verander. Dit was 'n totale lewensomkeer.
17:49
People in my orchestra came up to me and said,
305
1057000
1000
Mense in my orkes het na my toe gekom en gesê:
17:50
"Ben, what happened?" That's what happened.
306
1058000
2000
"Ben, wat het gebeur?." Dis wat gebeur het:
17:52
I realized my job was to awaken possibility in other people.
307
1060000
5000
Ek het besef dat my taak is om moontlikheid in andere te wek.
17:57
And of course, I wanted to know whether I was doing that.
308
1065000
3000
En natuurlik wou ek weet of ek besig was om dit te doen.
18:00
And you know how you find out? You look at their eyes.
309
1068000
3000
En weet julle hoe 'n mens dit bepaal? Jy kyk na hulle oë.
18:03
If their eyes are shining, you know you're doing it.
310
1071000
4000
As hulle oë blink, dan weet jy dat jy daarin slaag.
18:08
You could light up a village with this guy's eyes.
311
1076000
1000
Jy kan 'n dorpie van lig voorsien met hierdie man se oë.
18:09
(Laughter)
312
1077000
2000
(Gelag)
18:11
Right. So if the eyes are shining, you know you're doing it.
313
1079000
2000
Reg. As die oë dus blink, weet jy dat jy slaag.
18:13
If the eyes are not shining, you get to ask a question.
314
1081000
3000
As die oë nie blink nie, moet jy 'n vraag vra.
18:16
And this is the question:
315
1084000
1000
En die vraag is:
18:17
who am I being, that my players' eyes are not shining?
316
1085000
6000
Wat is ek besig om te wees, dat my spelers se oë nie blink nie?
18:24
We can do that with our children, too.
317
1092000
1000
Ons kan dit met ons kinders ook doen.
18:25
Who am I being, that my children's eyes are not shining?
318
1093000
5000
Wie is ek besig om te wees, dat my kinders se oë nie blink nie?
18:31
That's a totally different world.
319
1099000
2000
Dit is 'n totaal ander wêreld.
18:33
Now, we're all about to end this magical, on-the-mountain week,
320
1101000
5000
Nou, ons is amper op die punt om hierdie magiese, op-die-berg week te beëindig,
18:39
and we're going back into the world.
321
1107000
1000
en ons gaan terug na die wêreld.
18:40
And I say, it's appropriate for us to ask the question,
322
1108000
4000
En ek sê dis gepas dat ons die vraag vra:
18:44
who are we being as we go back out into the world?
323
1112000
5000
Wie is ons besig om te wees wanneer ons teruggaan na die wêreld toe?
18:49
And you know, I have a definition of success.
324
1117000
2000
En weet julle, ek het 'n definisie van sukses.
18:52
For me, it's very simple. It's not about wealth and fame and power.
325
1120000
2000
Dis vir my baie eenvoudig. Dit gaan nie oor rykdom of roem of mag nie.
18:54
It's about how many shining eyes I have around me.
326
1122000
3000
Dit gaan oor hoeveel blink oë ek rondom my het.
18:58
So now, I have one last thought, which is
327
1126000
3000
En nou het ek een laaste gedagte, en dit is
19:01
that it really makes a difference what we say --
328
1129000
3000
dat dit regtig 'n verskil maak wat ons sê.
19:04
the words that come out of our mouth.
329
1132000
2000
Die woorde wat uit ons mond kom.
19:06
I learned this from a woman who survived Auschwitz,
330
1134000
4000
Ek het dit geleer van 'n vrou wat Auschwitz oorleef het,
19:10
one of the rare survivors.
331
1138000
1000
een van die min oorlewendes.
19:11
She went to Auschwitz when she was 15 years old,
332
1139000
4000
Sy is na Auschwitz toe sy 15-jaar oud was,
19:16
and her brother was eight, and the parents were lost.
333
1144000
7000
en haar broer was agt, en hulle ouers was weg.
19:23
And she told me this, she said,
334
1151000
5000
En sy het dit vir my vertel, sy het gesê:
19:28
"We were in the train going to Auschwitz, and I looked down
335
1156000
3000
"Ons was in die trein op pad na Auschwitz en ek het afgekyk
19:31
and saw my brother's shoes were missing.
336
1159000
2000
en gesien dat my boetie se skoene weg was.
19:34
And I said, 'Why are you so stupid, can't you keep your things together
337
1162000
3000
Toe sê ek: "Waarom is jy so simpel, kan jy nie jou goed bymekaar hou nie,
19:37
for goodness' sake?' " The way an elder sister
338
1165000
1000
om hemelsnaam?" - op die manier wat 'n ouer suster
19:38
might speak to a younger brother.
339
1166000
4000
dalk met haar jonger broer sal praat.
19:42
Unfortunately, it was the last thing she ever said to him,
340
1170000
3000
Ongelukkig was dit die laaste ding wat sy ooit vir hom gesê het
19:45
because she never saw him again. He did not survive.
341
1173000
4000
want sy het hom nooit weer gesien nie. Hy het nie oorleef nie.
19:49
And so when she came out of Auschwitz, she made a vow.
342
1177000
2000
Toe sy uit Auschwitz kom, het sy 'n eed geneem.
19:52
She told me this. She said, "I walked out of Auschwitz into life
343
1180000
4000
Sy het dit vir my gesê. Sy het gesê: "Ek het uit Auschwitz die lewe ingestap
19:56
and I made a vow. And the vow was, I will never say anything
344
1184000
5000
en ek het myself iets belowe. Die belofte was dat ek nooit iets sal sê
20:02
that couldn't stand as the last thing I ever say."
345
1190000
3000
wat nie aanvaarbaar sal wees as die laaste ding wat ek ooit sê nie."
20:05
Now, can we do that? No. And we'll make ourselves wrong
346
1193000
4000
Kan ons dit doen? Nee. Ons sal faal
20:10
and others wrong. But it is a possibility to live into. Thank you.
347
1198000
7000
en ander sal faal. Maar dis 'n ideaal om na streef. Dankie.
20:17
(Applause)
348
1205000
5000
(Applous)
20:23
Shining eyes, shining eyes.
349
1211000
11000
Blink oë, blink oë.
20:34
Thank you, thank you.
350
1222000
3000
Dankie, dankie.
20:38
(Music)
351
1226000
5000
(Musiek)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Benjamin Zander - ConductorA leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks.
Why you should listen
Since 1979, Benjamin Zander has been the conductor of the Boston Philharmonic. He is known around the world as both a guest conductor and a speaker on leadership -- and he's been known to do both in a single performance. He uses music to help people open their minds and create joyful harmonies that bring out the best in themselves and their colleagues.
His provocative ideas about leadership are rooted in a partnership with Rosamund Stone Zander, with whom he co-wrote The Art of Possibility.
Benjamin Zander | Speaker | TED.com