TED2009
Kamal Meattle: How to grow fresh air
Kamal Meattle vysvetľuje, ako si môžeme dopestovať svoj vlastný vzduch
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Vedec Kamal Meattle ukáže ako 3 bežné rastliny v domácnosti, použité v špecifických lokáciách v byte či úrade, môžu výrazne zlepšiť kvalitu vzduchu.
Kamal Meattle - Business owner and activist
With its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air. Full bio
With its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Some 17 years ago, I became allergic to Delhi's air.
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Asi pred 17 rokmi som sa stal alergický na vzduch v Dillí.
00:17
My doctors told me that my lung capacity
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Môj doktor mi povedal, že moja pľúcna kapacita
00:20
had gone down to 70 percent,
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sa zredukovala na 70 percent,
00:22
and it was killing me.
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a to ma zabíjalo.
00:23
With the help of IIT,
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S pomocou IIT (Indický Inštitút pre technológie),
00:26
TERI, and learnings from NASA,
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TERI (Inštitút pre energie a zdroje) a poznatkov NASA,
00:28
we discovered that there are three
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sme obhalili 3 jednoduché
00:31
basic green plants,
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zelené rastliny,
00:33
common green plants, with which
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bežné zelené rastliny, pomocou ktorých
00:35
we can grow all the fresh air
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sme schopný vypestovať všetok čerstvý vzduch
00:36
we need indoors to keep us healthy.
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potrebný na to, aby sme zostali zdraví.
00:39
We've also found that you can
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Taktiež sme zistili, že sme schopní
00:41
reduce the fresh air requirements
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zredukovať požiadavky na čerstvý vzduch
00:43
into the building, while maintaining
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v budove, pričom udržiavame
00:45
industry indoor air-quality standards.
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štandardy na kvalitu vzduchu v budovách.
00:48
The three plants are Areca palm,
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Tieto tri rastliny sú palma Areka,
00:50
Mother-in-Law's Tongue and money plant.
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Svokrine Jazyky a Šplhavník.
00:54
The botanical names are in front of you.
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Ich botanické názvy sú pred Vami.
00:58
Areca palm is a plant which
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Palma Areka je rastlina,
01:00
removes CO2 and converts it into oxygen.
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ktorá spotrebúva oxid uhličitý a premieňa ho v kyslík.
01:04
We need four shoulder-high plants per person,
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Potrebujeme 4 rastliny do výšky ramien na jednu osobu,
01:08
and in terms of plant care,
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a čo sa týka starostlivosti,
01:10
we need to wipe the leaves
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v Dillí musíme každý deň
01:11
every day in Delhi, and perhaps
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listy čistiť, no v mestách
01:13
once a week in cleaner-air cities.
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s čistejším vzduchom stači raz týždenne.
01:15
We had to grow them in vermi manure,
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Rastliny sme pestovali v živočíšnom hnojive,
01:18
which is sterile, or hydroponics,
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ktoré bolo sterilné, prípadne hydroponicky,
01:21
and take them outdoors every three to four months.
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a dávali sme ich von z budovy každé tri až štyri mesiace.
01:25
The second plant is Mother-in-law's Tongue,
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Druhou rastlinou sú Svokrine jazyky,
01:28
which is again a very common plant,
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čo je taktiež veľmi bežná rastlina,
01:30
and we call it a bedroom plant,
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a môžeme ju nazývať spálňovou,
01:32
because it converts CO2 into oxygen at night.
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nakoľko premieňa CO2 na kyslík počas noci.
01:35
And we need six to eight waist-high plants per person.
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Potrebujeme asi šesť až osem po pás vysokých rastlín na jednu osobu.
01:40
The third plant is money plant,
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Treťou rastlinou je Šplhavník (Potosovec zlatý),
01:42
and this is again a very common plant;
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ktorý je taktiež veľmi bežnou rastlinou,
01:45
preferably grows in hydroponics.
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najlepšie rastie hydroponicky.
01:48
And this particular plant removes formaldehydes
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Táto rastlina napomáha odstraňovať formaldehyd
01:51
and other volatile chemicals.
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a iné prchavé chamikálie.
01:52
With these three plants,
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Pomocou týchto troch rastlín
01:54
you can grow all the fresh air you need.
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si môžete vypestovať všetok čerstvý vzduch, ktorý potrebujete.
01:56
In fact, you could be in a bottle
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Môžete sa zavrieť do fľaše
01:58
with a cap on top, and you would not die at all,
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so zátkou a vôbec by ste nezomreli,
02:02
and you would not need any fresh air.
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nepotrebovali by ste žiaden čerstvý vzduch.
02:05
We have tried these plants at our
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Odskúšali sme tieto rastliny v našej
02:07
own building in Delhi, which is a
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vlastnej budove v Dillí, ktorá má
02:10
50,000-square-feet, 20-year-old building.
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4'645 metrov štvorcových a má 20 rokov.
02:13
And it has close to 1,200 such plants for 300 occupants.
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V budove je asi 1200 týchto rastlín na 300 zamestnancov.
02:17
Our studies have found that there is
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Naše štúdie potvrdili, že v našej budove
02:19
a 42 percent probability of one's blood oxygen
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je 42 percentná pravdepodobnosť, že hladina kyslíka
02:23
going up by one percent if one stays indoors
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v krvi stúpne o jedno percento pri pobyte vo vnútri
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in this building for 10 hours.
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počas 10 hodín.
02:28
The government of India has discovered
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Výskum Indickej vlády ukázal,
02:31
or published a study to show
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či publikoval štúdiu, ktorá poukazuje
02:33
that this is the healthiest building in New Delhi.
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na to, že naša budova je najzdravšou v celom Novom Dillí.
02:36
And the study showed that,
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Štúdia ukázala,
02:39
compared to other buildings,
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že v porovnaní s ostatnými budovami,
02:40
there is a reduced incidence of
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je v tej našej znížený výskyt
02:42
eye irritation by 52 percent,
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podráženosti očí o 52 percent,
02:44
respiratory systems by 34 percent,
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respiračných problémov o 34 percent,
02:48
headaches by 24 percent,
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bolestí hlavy o 24 percent,
02:49
lung impairment by 12 percent and asthma by nine percent.
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zlyhaní pľúc o 12 percent a astmy o 9 percent.
02:53
And this study has been published on September 8, 2008,
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Táto štúdia bola publikovaná 8. septembra 2008
02:57
and it's available on the government of India website.
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a je k dispozícii na webstránke Indickej vlády.
03:00
Our experience points to an
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Naša skúsenosť poukazuje na
03:02
amazing increase in human productivity
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úžasný nárast v produktivite človeka
03:06
by over 20 percent by using these plants.
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o 20 percent pri použití týchto rastlín.
03:09
And also a reduction in energy requirements in buildings
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Taktiež poukazuje na zníženie energetických nárokov budov
03:13
by an outstanding 15 percent, because you need less fresh air.
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o významných 15 percent, nakoľko je znížaná potreba čerstvého vzduchu.
03:19
We are now replicating this in a
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Teraz uplatňujeme túto schému v budove
03:20
1.75-million-square-feet building,
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o rozlohe 162'500 metrov štvorcových,
03:23
which will have 60,000 indoor plants.
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ktorá bude mať až 60'000 rastlín.
03:25
Why is this important?
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Prečo je to dôležité?
03:27
It is also important for the environment,
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Je to dôležité pre životné prostredie,
03:29
because the world's energy
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pretože svetový dopyt po
03:30
requirements are expected to grow
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energiách má narásť o 30
03:32
by 30 percent in the next decade.
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percent počas nasledujúcich desiatich rokov.
03:34
40 percent of the world's energy is taken
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40 percent svetovej energie je spotrebovanej
03:35
up by buildings currently,
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budovami,
03:37
and 60 percent of the world's population
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a až 60 percent svetovej populácie
03:39
will be living in buildings in cities
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bude bývať v budovách v mestách
03:42
with a population of over one million in the next 15 years.
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s populáciou vyššou ako 1 milión v nasledujúcich 15-tich rokoch.
03:46
And there is a growing preference for living
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A je tu stále rastúca požiadavka pre
03:48
and working in air-conditioned places.
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bývanie a prácu v klimatizovaných priestoroch.
03:52
"Be the change you want to see in the world,"
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"Buď zmenou, ktorú chceš vo svete vidieť,"
03:54
said Mahatma Gandhi.
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povedal Mahatma Gandhi.
03:55
And thank you for listening.
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Ďakujem za Vašu pozornosť.
03:56
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kamal Meattle - Business owner and activistWith its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air.
Why you should listen
Kamal Meattle has a vision to reshape commercial building in India using principles of green architecture and sustainable upkeep (including an air-cleaning system that involves massive banks of plants instead of massive banks of HVAC equipment). He started the Paharpur Business Centre and Software Technology Incubator Park (PBC-STIP), in New Delhi, in 1990 to provide "instant office" space to technology companies. PBC-STIP's website publishes its air quality index every day, and tracks its compliance to the 10 principles of the UN Global Compact, a corporate-citizenship initiative.
Meattle has long been a environmental activist in India. In the 1980s he helped India's apple industry develop less-wasteful packaging to help save acres of trees. He then began a campaign to help India's millions of scooter drivers use less oil. His next plan is to develop a larger version of PBC-STIP, making a green office accessible to more businesses in New Delhi and serving as an example of low-cost, low-energy office life.
Kamal Meattle | Speaker | TED.com