TED2009
Joachim de Posada: Don't eat the marshmallow!
Joachim de Posada vraví, Nejedzte to marshmallow
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V tomto krátkom vystúpení z TED U nám Joachim de Posada predstavuje významný experiment zaoberajúci sa oddialením potešenia -- a ako to dokáže predpovedať úspech v budúcnosti. To všetko pomocou neoceniteľného videa detí snažiacich sa najviac ako vedia nezjesť marshmallow.
Joachim de Posada - Speaker and author
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet." Full bio
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
I'm here because I have a very important message:
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Som tu, pretože mám pre vás veľmi dôležitú správu.
00:21
I think we have found
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Myslím, že sme objavili
00:23
the most important factor for success.
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najdôležitejší faktor úspechu.
00:26
And it was found close to here, Stanford.
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A bolo to objavené tu neďaleko, v Stanforde.
00:31
Psychology professor took kids that were four years old
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Profesor psychológie vybral niekoľko štvorročných detí
00:35
and put them in a room all by themselves.
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a umiestnil ich do miestnosti bez dozoru.
00:39
And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid,
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A povedal deťom, štvorročnému chlapcovi:
00:42
"Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow
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"Johnny, nechám ti tu kúsok marshmallow a odídem
00:45
for 15 minutes.
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na 15 minút.
00:47
If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here,
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Ak budeš mať to marshmallow aj keď sa vrátim,
00:51
you will get another one. So you will have two."
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dostaneš ďalšie. Takže budeš mať dve."
00:55
To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes
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Povedať štvorročnému dieťaťu, aby počkalo 15 minút
00:58
for something that they like,
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na niečo, čo má rado,
01:00
is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours."
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je to isté, ako keby nám povedali: "Donesieme vám kávu za 2 hodiny."
01:04
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
01:05
Exact equivalent.
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Je to úplne ekvivalentné.
01:07
So what happened when the professor left the room?
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Čo sa teda stalo, keď profesor odišiel z miestnosti?
01:12
As soon as the door closed...
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Hneď ako sa dvere zavreli...
01:16
two out of three ate the marshmallow.
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dve z troch detí zjedli svoje marshmallow.
01:18
Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds,
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5 sekúnd, 10 sekúnd, 40 sekúnd, 50 sekúnd,
01:21
two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes.
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dve minúty, štyri minúty, osem minút.
01:23
Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes.
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Niektorí vydržali 14 a pol minúty.
01:26
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
01:27
Couldn't do it. Could not wait.
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Nedokázali to. Nemohli vydržať.
01:31
What's interesting is that one out of three
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Zaujímavé je, že jedno dieťa z troch
01:34
would look at the marshmallow and go like this ...
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sa na marshmallow dívalo a robil takéto niečo...
01:39
Would look at it.
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Pozeralo sa naň.
01:41
Put it back.
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Položilo ho naspäť.
01:43
They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
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Prechádzali sa okolo. Hrali sa so svojimi sukňami a nohavicami.
01:48
That child already, at four, understood
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To dieťa už v štyroch rokoch pochopilo
01:51
the most important principle for success,
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najdôležitejší princíp úspechu.
01:54
which is the ability to delay gratification.
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Tým je schopnosť odložiť potešenie.
01:58
Self-discipline:
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Sebadisciplína,
02:00
the most important factor for success.
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najdôležitejší faktor úspechu.
02:03
15 years later, 14 or 15 years later,
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O 15 rokov neskôr, o 14 alebo 15 rokov neskôr,
02:06
follow-up study.
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pokračovali vo výskume.
02:08
What did they find?
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Na čo prišli?
02:10
They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19.
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Začali hľadať tieto deti, ktoré mali v tom čase 18 a 19 rokov.
02:13
And they found that 100 percent
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a zistili, že 100% detí,
02:16
of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful.
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ktoré nezjedli marshmallow bolo úspešných.
02:20
They had good grades. They were doing wonderful.
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Mali dobré známky. Výborne sa im darilo.
02:22
They were happy. They had their plans.
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Boli šťastní. Mali svoje plány.
02:24
They had good relationships with the teachers, students.
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Mali dobré vzťahy s učiteľmi aj študentmi.
02:27
They were doing fine.
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Mali sa dobre.
02:28
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow,
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Veľké percento detí, ktoré zjedli svoje marshmallow,
02:31
they were in trouble.
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malo problémy.
02:32
They did not make it to university.
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Nedostali sa na univerzitu.
02:34
They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out.
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Mali zlé známky. Niektorí školu nedokončili.
02:36
A few were still there with bad grades.
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Zopár ich tam zostalo so zlými známkami.
02:38
A few had good grades.
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Niekoľkí mali dobré známky.
02:40
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids
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Napadla mi otázka: "Reagovali by hispánske deti
02:42
react the same way as the American kids?
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rovnako, ako tie americké?"
02:45
So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment.
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Tak som išiel do Kolumbie a zopakoval ten experiment.
02:48
And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids.
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Bolo to veľmi zábavné. Vybral som štvor-, päť- a šesťročné deti.
02:51
And let me show you what happened.
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A teraz vám ukážem, čo sa stalo.
03:09
(Spanish) (Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:50
So what happened in Colombia?
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Takže, čo sa stalo v Kolumbii?
04:52
Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow;
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Z hispánskych detí, dve z troch zjedli svoje marshmallow.
04:55
one out of three did not.
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Jedno z troch nie.
04:57
This little girl was interesting;
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Toto malé dievčatko bolo zaujímavé.
04:59
she ate the inside of the marshmallow.
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Zjedlo vnútrajšok svojho marshmallow.
05:01
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
05:02
In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two.
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Inak povedané, chcela, aby sme si mysleli, že ho nezjedla, aby dostala druhé.
05:06
But she ate it.
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Ale ona ho zjedla.
05:08
So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her.
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Takže sme vedeli, že bude úspešná. Ale musíme ju sledovať.
05:11
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
05:12
She should not go into banking, for example,
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Nemala by sa napríklad zamestnať v bankovníctve,
05:15
or work at a cash register.
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ani pracovať na pokladni.
05:17
But she will be successful.
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Ale určite bude úspešná.
05:19
And this applies for everything. Even in sales.
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A toto platí na všetko. Dokonca aj na výpredaje.
05:21
The sales person that --
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Predajca, ktorý --
05:25
the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are."
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Zákazník povie, "Chcem toto." a predajca, "Nech sa páči."
05:27
That person ate the marshmallow.
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Taký človek zjedol svoje marshmallow.
05:29
If the sales person says, "Wait a second.
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Ak predavač ale povie: "Počkajte chvíľu.
05:31
Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice."
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Položím vám pár otázok, aby sme zistili, či ste si dobre vybrali."
05:34
Then you sell a lot more.
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Takto predáte oveľa viac.
05:35
So this has applications in all walks of life.
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Má to využitie vo všetkých stránkach života.
05:40
I end with -- the Koreans did this.
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Skončím s týmto -- urobili to Kórejci.
05:43
You know what? This is so good
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Viete čo? Je to také dobré,
05:45
that we want a marshmallow book for children.
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že chceme knihu o marshmallow pre deti.
05:47
We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea.
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Spravili sme ju. A teraz je rozšírená v celej Kórei.
05:50
They are teaching these kids exactly this principle.
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Učia svoje deti presne tieto princípy.
05:52
And we need to learn that principle here in the States,
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A my sa ich potrebujeme naučiť tu, v USA.
05:54
because we have a big debt.
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Pretože máme veľké dlhy.
05:56
We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing.
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Jeme viac marshmallow ako produkujeme.
05:58
Thank you so much.
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Ďakujem veľmi pekne.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joachim de Posada - Speaker and authorJoachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet."
Why you should listen
Joachim de Posada's infectious energy and humor turned him into a popular motivational coach. Working in Spanish and English, he helped companies and teams find deep and lasting reasons to succeed. His books included How to Survive Among the Piranhas and his latest, No te comas el marshmallow ... todavia, or Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet. (He had recently updated the book for the recession, calling it Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Ever.)
Joachim de Posada | Speaker | TED.com