TED2009
Joachim de Posada: Don't eat the marshmallow!
Joahims de Posada: Vēl neēd zefīru
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Šajā īsajā runā TED U, Joahims de Posada dalās zīmīgā eksperimentā par atlikto apmierinājumu, un to, kā tas var paredzēt nākotnes panākumus. Satur neaprakstāmus videomateriālus, kur bērni visiem spēkiem cenšas neapēst zefīru.
Joachim de Posada - Speaker and author
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet." Full bio
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
I'm here because I have a very important message:
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Esmu šeit, jo man ir ļoti svarīga vēsts.
00:21
I think we have found
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Šķiet, mēs esam atklājuši
00:23
the most important factor for success.
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vissvarīgāko panākumu faktoru.
00:26
And it was found close to here, Stanford.
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To atklāja netālu no šejienes, Stenfordā.
00:31
Psychology professor took kids that were four years old
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Psiholoģijas profesors izvēlējās četrgadīgus bērnus
00:35
and put them in a room all by themselves.
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un ielika tos vienus pašus istabā.
00:39
And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid,
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Tad viņš četrgadīgajam bērnam teica:
00:42
"Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow
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„Džonij, es tevi te atstāšu ar zefīru
00:45
for 15 minutes.
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uz 15 minūtēm.
00:47
If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here,
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Ja man atgriežoties zefīrs vēl būs tur,
00:51
you will get another one. So you will have two."
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tu dabūsi vēl vienu, un tev būs divi zefīri.”
00:55
To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes
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Pateikt četrgadīgajam, lai viņš pagaida 15 minūtes,
00:58
for something that they like,
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lai dabūtu kaut ko, kas viņam patīk,
01:00
is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours."
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ir tas pats, kas pateikt mums:
„Mēs atnesīsim jums kafiju pēc divām stundām.”
„Mēs atnesīsim jums kafiju pēc divām stundām.”
01:04
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
01:05
Exact equivalent.
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Tieši tas pats.
01:07
So what happened when the professor left the room?
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Kas tad notika, profesoram izejot no istabas?
01:12
As soon as the door closed...
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Tiklīdz durvis aizvērās...
01:16
two out of three ate the marshmallow.
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divi no trim bērniem apēda zefīru.
01:18
Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds,
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Piecas sekundes, 10 sekundes, 40 sekundes, 50 sekundes,
01:21
two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes.
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divas minūtes, četras minūtes, astoņas minūtes.
01:23
Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes.
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Daži izturēja 14 ar pusi minūtes.
01:26
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
01:27
Couldn't do it. Could not wait.
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Nevarēja. Nevarēja nociesties.
01:31
What's interesting is that one out of three
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Interesantākais ir, ka viens no trim
01:34
would look at the marshmallow and go like this ...
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skatītos uz zefīru un darītu šādi...
01:39
Would look at it.
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Skatītos uz to.
01:41
Put it back.
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Noliktu to atpakaļ.
01:43
They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
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Pastaigātu apkārt. Paspēlētos ar saviem svārkiem un biksēm.
01:48
That child already, at four, understood
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Tas bērns jau četru gadu vecumā saprata
01:51
the most important principle for success,
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vissvarīgāko panākumu principu.
01:54
which is the ability to delay gratification.
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Tā ir spēja atlikt apmierinājumu.
01:58
Self-discipline:
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Pašdisciplīna,
02:00
the most important factor for success.
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svarīgākais panākumu faktors.
02:03
15 years later, 14 or 15 years later,
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Pēc 15 gadiem, pēc 14 vai 15 gadiem,
02:06
follow-up study.
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pētījuma turpinājumā.
02:08
What did they find?
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Ko viņi atklāja?
02:10
They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19.
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Viņi uzmeklēja šos bērnus,
kuriem tagad jau bija 18 un 19 gadi,
kuriem tagad jau bija 18 un 19 gadi,
02:13
And they found that 100 percent
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un atklāja, ka 100 procenti
02:16
of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful.
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no bērniem, kuri neapēda zefīru,
bija guvuši ievērojamus panākumus.
bija guvuši ievērojamus panākumus.
02:20
They had good grades. They were doing wonderful.
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Viņiem bija labas atzīmes. Viņiem gāja lieliski.
02:22
They were happy. They had their plans.
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Viņi bija laimīgi. Viņiem bija nākotnes plāni.
02:24
They had good relationships with the teachers, students.
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Viņiem bija labas attiecības ar skolotājiem, citiem skolēniem.
02:27
They were doing fine.
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Viņiem viss bija kārtībā.
02:28
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow,
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Liela daļa bērnu, kuri apēda zefīru,
02:31
they were in trouble.
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viņiem negāja tik labi.
02:32
They did not make it to university.
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Viņi netika universitātēs.
02:34
They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out.
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Viņiem bija sliktas atzīmes.
Dažus izmeta no skolas.
Dažus izmeta no skolas.
02:36
A few were still there with bad grades.
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Daži neizmeta, bet viņiem bija sliktas atzīmes.
02:38
A few had good grades.
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Tikai dažiem bija labas atzīmes.
02:40
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids
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Man radās jautājums: Vai latīņamerikaņu bērni
02:42
react the same way as the American kids?
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reaģētu tāpat kā amerikāņu bērni?
02:45
So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment.
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Tā nu es devos uz Kolumbiju un atkārtoju eksperimentu.
02:48
And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids.
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Tas bija ļoti smieklīgi. Es izvēlējos četrus, piecus un sešus gadus vecus bērnus.
02:51
And let me show you what happened.
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Ļaujiet parādīt, kas notika.
03:09
(Spanish) (Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
04:50
So what happened in Colombia?
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Kas tad notika Kolumbijā?
04:52
Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow;
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Divi no trim latīņamerikāņu bērniem apēda zefīru.
04:55
one out of three did not.
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Viens no trim neapēda.
04:57
This little girl was interesting;
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Šī mazā meitene bija interesanta.
04:59
she ate the inside of the marshmallow.
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Viņa izēda tikai zefīra viduci.
05:01
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
05:02
In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two.
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Citos vārdos, viņa gribēja, lai mēs domātu,
ka viņa to nav apēdusi un dabūtu vēl vienu.
ka viņa to nav apēdusi un dabūtu vēl vienu.
05:06
But she ate it.
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Bet viņa to apēda.
05:08
So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her.
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Tāpēc mēs zinām, ka viņa gūs panākumus.
Taču mums viņa būs jāpieskata.
Taču mums viņa būs jāpieskata.
05:11
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
05:12
She should not go into banking, for example,
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Viņai, piemēram, nevajadzētu strādāt par baņķieri
05:15
or work at a cash register.
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vai kasieri.
05:17
But she will be successful.
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Bet viņa gūs panākumus.
05:19
And this applies for everything. Even in sales.
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Tas ir spēkā visur. Pat pārdošanā.
05:21
The sales person that --
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Pārdevējs, kas...
05:25
the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are."
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Ja pircējs saka: „Man, lūdzu, to. ”
Un pārdevējs atbild: „Lūdzu, te būs.”
Un pārdevējs atbild: „Lūdzu, te būs.”
05:27
That person ate the marshmallow.
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Tas ir pārdevējs, kurš apēda zefīru
05:29
If the sales person says, "Wait a second.
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Ja pārdevējs saka: „Mirklīti,
05:31
Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice."
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ļaujiet man jums uzdot pāris jautājumus,
lai zinātu vai tā jums ir laba izvēle.”
lai zinātu vai tā jums ir laba izvēle.”
05:34
Then you sell a lot more.
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Un tad pārdod tev vairāk.
05:35
So this has applications in all walks of life.
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Tāpēc tas ietekmē visas dzīves jomas.
05:40
I end with -- the Koreans did this.
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Es pabeigšu ar korejiešiem.
05:43
You know what? This is so good
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Ziniet ko? Tas ir tik labi, ka
05:45
that we want a marshmallow book for children.
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mēs gribam zefīru grāmatu bērniem.
05:47
We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea.
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Mēs to izveidojām. Un nu tā ir populāra visā Korejā.
05:50
They are teaching these kids exactly this principle.
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Viņi bērniem māca tieši šo principu.
05:52
And we need to learn that principle here in the States,
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Mums jāmāca šo principu šeit, ASV.
05:54
because we have a big debt.
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Jo mēs esam lielos parādos.
05:56
We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing.
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Mēs apēdam vairāk zefīrus nekā saražojam.
05:58
Thank you so much.
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Liels paldies.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joachim de Posada - Speaker and authorJoachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet."
Why you should listen
Joachim de Posada's infectious energy and humor turned him into a popular motivational coach. Working in Spanish and English, he helped companies and teams find deep and lasting reasons to succeed. His books included How to Survive Among the Piranhas and his latest, No te comas el marshmallow ... todavia, or Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet. (He had recently updated the book for the recession, calling it Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Ever.)
Joachim de Posada | Speaker | TED.com