TED2015
Donald Hoffman: Do we see reality as it is?
Donald Hofman (Donald Hoffman): Da li vidimo stvarnost onakvu kakva je?
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Kognitivni naučnik Donald Hofman pokušava da odgovori na veliko pitanje: da li opažamo svet onakvog kakav stvarno jeste... ili onakvog kakav je nama potreban? U ovom impresivnom govoru, on razmatra kako naš um konstruiše stvarnost za nas.
Donald Hoffman - Cognitive scientist
Donald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality. Full bio
Donald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I love a great mystery,
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Volim dobru misteriju,
00:14
and I'm fascinated by the greatest
unsolved mystery in science,
unsolved mystery in science,
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i oduševljavam se najvećim nerešenim
misterijama u nauci,
misterijama u nauci,
00:19
perhaps because it's personal.
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možda jer je to za mene lično.
00:21
It's about who we are,
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Radi se o tome ko smo mi,
00:23
and I can't help but be curious.
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i ne mogu da ne budem radoznao.
00:26
The mystery is this:
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Misterija je ovo:
00:28
What is the relationship
between your brain
between your brain
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kakav je odnos između mozga
00:31
and your conscious experiences,
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i svesnog iskustva
00:33
such as your experience
of the taste of chocolate
of the taste of chocolate
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kao što je recimo osećaj ukusa čokolade
00:35
or the feeling of velvet?
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ili dodir somota?
00:38
Now, this mystery is not new.
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Sada, ova misterija nije nova.
00:40
In 1868, Thomas Huxley wrote,
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U godini 1868, Tomas Haksli je napisao:
00:44
"How it is that anything so remarkable
as a state of consciousness comes about
as a state of consciousness comes about
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,,Kako to da nešto
tako izuzetno kao svest nastaje
tako izuzetno kao svest nastaje
00:49
as the result of irritating nervous tissue
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kao rezultat nadraživanja nervnog tkiva,
00:53
is just as unaccountable
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a istovremeno je isto tako neshvatljivo
00:55
as the appearance of the genie
when Aladdin rubbed his lamp."
when Aladdin rubbed his lamp."
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kao pojavljivanje duha
kada Aladin protrlja čarbnu lampu?"
kada Aladin protrlja čarbnu lampu?"
01:01
Now, Huxley knew that brain activity
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Haksli je znao da su moždana aktivnost
01:03
and conscious experiences are correlated,
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i svesno iskustvo povezani,
01:06
but he didn't know why.
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ali nije znao kako.
01:08
To the science of his day,
it was a mystery.
it was a mystery.
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Za nauku njegovog doba,
to je bila misterija.
to je bila misterija.
01:12
In the years since Huxley,
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U godinama nakon Hakslija,
01:14
science has learned a lot
about brain activity,
about brain activity,
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nauka je spoznala mnogo toga
o moždanoj aktivnosti,
o moždanoj aktivnosti,
01:17
but the relationship
between brain activity
between brain activity
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ali odnos između moždane aktivnosti
01:19
and conscious experiences
is still a mystery.
is still a mystery.
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i svesnog iskustva je ostao misterija.
01:22
Why? Why have we made so little progress?
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Zašto? Zašto je bilo tako malo napretka?
01:26
Well, some experts think
that we can't solve this problem
that we can't solve this problem
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Pa, neki stručnjaci smatraju
da ne možemo rešiti ovaj problem
da ne možemo rešiti ovaj problem
01:31
because we lack the necessary
concepts and intelligence.
concepts and intelligence.
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jer nam nedostaju neophodni
koncepti i inteligencija.
koncepti i inteligencija.
01:35
We don't expect monkeys to solve
problems in quantum mechanics,
problems in quantum mechanics,
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Ne očekujemo od majmuna da rešavaju
probleme kvantne mehanike,
probleme kvantne mehanike,
01:39
and as it happens, we can't expect
our species to solve this problem either.
our species to solve this problem either.
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i izgleda, isto tako ne možemo očekivati
da naša vrsta može rešiti ovaj problem.
da naša vrsta može rešiti ovaj problem.
01:44
Well, I disagree. I'm more optimistic.
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Pa, ne slažem se.
Ja sam malo više optimističan.
Ja sam malo više optimističan.
01:47
I think we've simply
made a false assumption.
made a false assumption.
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Mislim da smo jednostavno
napravili pogrešnu pretpostavku.
napravili pogrešnu pretpostavku.
01:50
Once we fix it, we just
might solve this problem.
might solve this problem.
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Čim to popravimo, možda bismo
i mogli rešiti ovaj problem.
i mogli rešiti ovaj problem.
01:54
Today, I'd like tell you
what that assumption is,
what that assumption is,
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Danas bih da vam ispričam
kakva je to pretpostavka,
kakva je to pretpostavka,
01:56
why it's false, and how to fix it.
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zašto je pogrešna, i kako to popraviti.
01:59
Let's begin with a question:
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Hajde da krenemo od pitanja:
02:01
Do we see reality as it is?
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Da li vidimo stvarnost
onakvu kakva ona jeste?
onakvu kakva ona jeste?
02:04
I open my eyes
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Otvorim oči,
02:06
and I have an experience that I describe
as a red tomato a meter away.
as a red tomato a meter away.
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i doživim iskustvo koje opisujem kao
crveni paradajz na metar udaljen od mene.
crveni paradajz na metar udaljen od mene.
02:12
As a result, I come to believe
that in reality,
that in reality,
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Kao rezultat, verujem da i u stvarnosti
02:15
there's a red tomato a meter away.
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postoji crveni paradajz
na metar udaljenosti.
na metar udaljenosti.
02:18
I then close my eyes, and my experience
changes to a gray field,
changes to a gray field,
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Onda zatvorim oči, i moje iskustvo
se menja u sivo polje,
se menja u sivo polje,
02:24
but is it still the case that in reality,
there's a red tomato a meter away?
there's a red tomato a meter away?
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ali da li je u stvarnosti još uvek
na metar od mene taj crveni paradajz?
na metar od mene taj crveni paradajz?
02:30
I think so, but could I be wrong?
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Mislim da jeste,
ali da li je moguće i da nisam u pravu?
ali da li je moguće i da nisam u pravu?
02:33
Could I be misinterpreting
the nature of my perceptions?
the nature of my perceptions?
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Da li je moguće da nisam dobro protumačio
prirodu mojih opažanja?
prirodu mojih opažanja?
02:39
We have misinterpreted
our perceptions before.
our perceptions before.
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I ranije smo pogrešno
tumačili naša opažanja.
tumačili naša opažanja.
02:42
We used to think the Earth is flat,
because it looks that way.
because it looks that way.
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Mislili smo da je Zemlja ravna ploča,
jer nam tako izgleda.
jer nam tako izgleda.
02:46
Pythagorus discovered that we were wrong.
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Pitagora je otkrio da nismo bili u pravu.
02:49
Then we thought that the Earth
is the unmoving center of the Universe,
is the unmoving center of the Universe,
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Onda smo mislili da je Zemlja
centar svemira,
centar svemira,
02:53
again because it looks that way.
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opet jer nam tako izgleda.
02:56
Copernicus and Galileo discovered,
again, that we were wrong.
again, that we were wrong.
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Kopernik i Galileo su još jednom otkrili
da nismo u pravu.
da nismo u pravu.
03:01
Galileo then wondered if we might
be misinterpreting our experiences
be misinterpreting our experiences
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Galileo se onda zapitao da li je moguće
da pogrešno tumačimo naša opažanja
da pogrešno tumačimo naša opažanja
03:05
in other ways.
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i na druge načine.
03:06
He wrote: "I think that tastes,
odors, colors, and so on
odors, colors, and so on
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Napisao je: ,,Mislim da ukusi,
mirisi, boje i tako dalje,
mirisi, boje i tako dalje,
03:11
reside in consciousness.
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obitavaju u našoj svesti.
03:14
Hence if the living creature were removed,
all these qualities would be annihilated."
all these qualities would be annihilated."
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Zato, ako bi živa bića nestala,
i sve ove stvari bi nestale sa njima."
i sve ove stvari bi nestale sa njima."
03:20
Now, that's a stunning claim.
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Pa, ovo je zapanjujuća tvrdnja.
03:23
Could Galileo be right?
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Možda je Galileo u pravu?
03:24
Could we really be misinterpreting
our experiences that badly?
our experiences that badly?
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Možda stvarno toliko pogrešno
tumačimo naša opažanja?
tumačimo naša opažanja?
03:29
What does modern science
have to say about this?
have to say about this?
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Šta moderna nauka ima o ovome da kaže?
03:32
Well, neuroscientists tell us
that about a third of the brain's cortex
that about a third of the brain's cortex
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Pa, neuronaučnici kažu
da se oko trećina moždane kore
da se oko trećina moždane kore
03:37
is engaged in vision.
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bavi vidom.
03:39
When you simply open your eyes
and look about this room,
and look about this room,
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Kada jednostavno otvorimo oči
i pogledamo ovu prostoriju,
i pogledamo ovu prostoriju,
03:43
billions of neurons
and trillions of synapses are engaged.
and trillions of synapses are engaged.
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milijarde neurona i bilioni sinapsi
se uključuju.
se uključuju.
03:47
Now, this is a bit surprising,
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To je pomalo iznenađujuće
03:49
because to the extent that
we think about vision at all,
we think about vision at all,
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jer u meri u kojoj uopšte
razmišljamo o vidu,
razmišljamo o vidu,
03:51
we think of it as like a camera.
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razmišljamo o njemu kao o kameri.
03:54
It just takes a picture
of objective reality as it is.
of objective reality as it is.
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On nam samo daje sliku
objektivne stvarnosti takva kakva jeste.
objektivne stvarnosti takva kakva jeste.
03:58
Now, there is a part of vision
that's like a camera:
that's like a camera:
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I postoji deo vida koji je baš kao kamera:
04:02
the eye has a lens that focuses
an image on the back of the eye
an image on the back of the eye
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oko ima sočivo koje fokusira sliku
u zadnjem delu oka
u zadnjem delu oka
04:06
where there are 130 million
photoreceptors,
photoreceptors,
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gde se nalazi 130 miliona fotoreceptora,
04:10
so the eye is like a 130-megapixel camera.
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pa je oko kao kamera sa 130 megapiksela.
04:14
But that doesn't explain
the billions of neurons
the billions of neurons
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Ali to ne objašnjava milijarde neurona
04:17
and trillions of synapses
that are engaged in vision.
that are engaged in vision.
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i bilione sinapsa koje su
tokom vida aktivne.
tokom vida aktivne.
04:21
What are these neurons up to?
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Šta ti neuroni rade?
04:23
Well, neuroscientists tell us
that they are creating, in real time,
that they are creating, in real time,
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Pa, neuronaučnici kažu da oni stvaraju,
u realnom vremenu,
u realnom vremenu,
04:27
all the shapes, objects, colors,
and motions that we see.
and motions that we see.
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sve oblike, objekte, boje
i pokrete koje vidimo.
i pokrete koje vidimo.
04:32
It feels like we're just taking a snapshot
of this room the way it is,
of this room the way it is,
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Osećaj je kao da samo pravimo fotografiju
ove prostorije onakva kakva je,
ove prostorije onakva kakva je,
04:35
but in fact, we're constructing
everything that we see.
everything that we see.
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ali zapravo, stvaramo sliku
svega što vidimo.
svega što vidimo.
04:39
We don't construct
the whole world at once.
the whole world at once.
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Ne stvaramo sliku celog sveta odjednom.
04:42
We construct what we need in the moment.
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Stvaramo ono što nam u trenutku treba.
04:45
Now, there are many demonstrations
that are quite compelling
that are quite compelling
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Pa, postoje mnoge demonstracije
koje su prilično ubedljive
koje su prilično ubedljive
04:48
that we construct what we see.
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da sami stvaramo sve što vidimo.
04:50
I'll just show you two.
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Pokazaću vam dve.
04:52
In this example, you see some red discs
with bits cut out of them,
with bits cut out of them,
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U ovom primeru, vidimo crvene diskove
kojima su odsečeni delovi
kojima su odsečeni delovi
04:58
but if I just rotate
the disks a little bit,
the disks a little bit,
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ali ako samo malo zarotiram diskove,
05:01
suddenly, you see a 3D cube
pop out of the screen.
pop out of the screen.
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odjednom vidimo 3D kocku
koja se pojavljuje na ekranu.
koja se pojavljuje na ekranu.
05:06
Now, the screen of course is flat,
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Ekran je, naravno, ravan,
05:09
so the three-dimensional cube
that you're experiencing
that you're experiencing
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pa trodimenzionalna kocka koju vidimo
05:11
must be your construction.
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mora biti naša konstrukcija.
05:15
In this next example,
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U sledećem primeru,
05:17
you see glowing blue bars
with pretty sharp edges
with pretty sharp edges
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vidimo svetleće plave pruge
sa prilično jasnim ivicama
sa prilično jasnim ivicama
05:21
moving across a field of dots.
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koje se pomeraju preko tačkastog polja.
05:25
In fact, no dots move.
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Zapravo, nijedna tačka se ne pomera.
05:28
All I'm doing from frame to frame
is changing the colors of dots
is changing the colors of dots
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Sve što radim je da od kadra do kadra
menjam boju tačaka
menjam boju tačaka
05:33
from blue to black or black to blue.
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iz plave u crnu, ili iz crne u plavu.
05:35
But when I do this quickly,
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Ali kada ovo radim brzo,
05:37
your visual system creates
the glowing blue bars
the glowing blue bars
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vizuelni sistem stvara sliku
svetlećih plavih pruga
svetlećih plavih pruga
05:41
with the sharp edges and the motion.
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sa jasnim ivicama i u pokretu.
05:44
There are many more examples,
but these are just two
but these are just two
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Postoji još mnogo primera,
toga da sami stvaramo sve što vidimo.
toga da sami stvaramo sve što vidimo.
05:46
that you construct what you see.
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ali ovo su samo dva.
05:49
But neuroscientists go further.
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Ali neuronaučnici idu još dalje.
05:53
They say that we reconstruct reality.
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Kažu da rekonstruišemo stvarnost.
05:58
So, when I have an experience
that I describe as a red tomato,
that I describe as a red tomato,
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Pa, kada imam iskustvo koje opisujem
kao crveni paradajz,
kao crveni paradajz,
06:02
that experience is actually
an accurate reconstruction
an accurate reconstruction
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to iskustvo je zapravo
precizna rekonstrukcija
precizna rekonstrukcija
06:06
of the properties of a real red tomato
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svih svojstava pravog crvenog paradajza
06:08
that would exist
even if I weren't looking.
even if I weren't looking.
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koji bi postojao čak i kada ne bih gledao.
06:13
Now, why would neuroscientists
say that we don't just construct,
say that we don't just construct,
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Pa, zašto neuronaučnici kažu
da ne samo da stvaramo,
da ne samo da stvaramo,
06:16
we reconstruct?
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već i rekonstruišemo?
06:18
Well, the standard argument given
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Pa, standardni argument
06:21
is usually an evolutionary one.
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je uglavnom evolucione prirode.
06:24
Those of our ancestors
who saw more accurately
who saw more accurately
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Oni naši preci koji su mogli
da vide preciznije
da vide preciznije
06:27
had a competitive advantage compared
to those who saw less accurately,
to those who saw less accurately,
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imali su prednost u odnosu na one
koji su videli slabije,
koji su videli slabije,
06:32
and therefore they were more likely
to pass on their genes.
to pass on their genes.
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i zato je bila veća verovatnoća
da će oni preneti svoje gene.
da će oni preneti svoje gene.
06:34
We are the offspring of those
who saw more accurately,
who saw more accurately,
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Mi smo preci onih
koji su videli preciznije,
koji su videli preciznije,
06:38
and so we can be confident that,
in the normal case,
in the normal case,
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pa zato možemo da se uzdamo da su,
u normalnom slučaju,
u normalnom slučaju,
06:41
our perceptions are accurate.
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naša opažanja tačna.
06:43
You see this in the standard textbooks.
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Vidimo ovo u standardnim udžbenicima.
06:47
One textbook says, for example,
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Jedan, na primer, kaže:
06:49
"Evolutionarily speaking,
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"U evolucionom smislu,
06:51
vision is useful precisely
because it is so accurate."
because it is so accurate."
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vid je koristan baš zato
što je tako precizan."
što je tako precizan."
06:55
So the idea is that accurate perceptions
are fitter perceptions.
are fitter perceptions.
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Dakle, ideja je da su
precizna opažanja bolja opažanja.
precizna opažanja bolja opažanja.
07:00
They give you a survival advantage.
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Daju nam prednost u preživljavanju.
07:02
Now, is this correct?
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Pa, da li je ovo tačno?
Je li ovo tačna interpretacija
teorije evolucije?
teorije evolucije?
07:04
Is this the right interpretation
of evolutionary theory?
of evolutionary theory?
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07:06
Well, let's first look at a couple
of examples in nature.
of examples in nature.
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Hajde da prvo pogledamo
par primera iz prirode.
par primera iz prirode.
07:10
The Australian jewel beetle
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Ova vrsta australijskih krasaca
07:13
is dimpled, glossy and brown.
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je hrapava, sjajna i smeđe boje.
07:16
The female is flightless.
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Ženka ne može da leti.
07:18
The male flies, looking,
of course, for a hot female.
of course, for a hot female.
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Mužjak leti, naravno,
u potrazi za dobrom ženkom.
u potrazi za dobrom ženkom.
07:22
When he finds one, he alights and mates.
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Kada je pronađe, sleće i pari se.
07:26
There's another species in the outback,
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U pozadini, postoji još jedna vrsta.
07:29
Homo sapiens.
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Homo sapijens.
07:30
The male of this species
has a massive brain
has a massive brain
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Mužjak ove vrste ima masivan mozak
07:33
that he uses to hunt for cold beer.
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koji koristi u potrazi za hladnim pivom.
07:37
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:39
And when he finds one, he drains it,
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I kada ga pronađe, iskapi ga,
07:41
and sometimes throws the bottle
into the outback.
into the outback.
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i ponekad samo ostavi flašu iza sebe.
07:44
Now, as it happens, these bottles
are dimpled, glossy,
are dimpled, glossy,
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E sad, kako to već biva,
ove flaše su hrapave, sjajne,
ove flaše su hrapave, sjajne,
07:49
and just the right shade of brown
to tickle the fancy of these beetles.
to tickle the fancy of these beetles.
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i baš takve braon boje
da mogu da zagolicaju maštu ovih buba.
da mogu da zagolicaju maštu ovih buba.
07:54
The males swarm all over
the bottles trying to mate.
the bottles trying to mate.
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Mužjaci se sjate preko flaša
u pokušaju da se pare.
u pokušaju da se pare.
07:59
They lose all interest
in the real females.
in the real females.
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Izgube svo zanimanje za prave ženke.
08:02
Classic case of the male
leaving the female for the bottle.
leaving the female for the bottle.
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Klasična priča gde mužjak
napušta ženku zbog flaše.
napušta ženku zbog flaše.
08:06
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
08:11
The species almost went extinct.
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Vrsta je skoro izumrla.
08:14
Australia had to change its bottles
to save its beetles.
to save its beetles.
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Australija je morala da promeni
izgled flaša da bi spasila svoje bube.
izgled flaša da bi spasila svoje bube.
(Smeh)
08:18
(Laughter)
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08:21
Now, the males had successfully
found females for thousands,
found females for thousands,
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Mužjaci su uspešno nalazili ženke
hiljadama, možda čak i milionima godina.
08:25
perhaps millions of years.
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08:28
It looked like they saw reality
as it is, but apparently not.
as it is, but apparently not.
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Činilo se da su doživljavali stvarnost
takvu kakva jeste, ali očigledno nisu.
takvu kakva jeste, ali očigledno nisu.
08:32
Evolution had given them a hack.
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Evolucija im je dala nagoveštaj.
08:35
A female is anything dimpled,
glossy and brown,
glossy and brown,
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Ženka je sve što je
hrapavo, sjajno i braon,
hrapavo, sjajno i braon,
08:40
the bigger the better.
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što veće to bolje.
08:42
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:44
Even when crawling all over the bottle,
the male couldn't discover his mistake.
the male couldn't discover his mistake.
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Čak i nakon što bi prešao preko cele flaše
mužjak ne bi mogao
da shvati da je pogrešio.
da shvati da je pogrešio.
08:49
Now, you might say, beetles, sure,
they're very simple creatures,
they're very simple creatures,
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Moglo bi se reći, bube, naravno,
jako su jednostavna stvorenja,
jako su jednostavna stvorenja,
08:53
but surely not mammals.
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ali sigurno ne i sisari.
08:55
Mammals don't rely on tricks.
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Sisari se ne oslanjaju na trikove.
08:58
Well, I won't dwell on this,
but you get the idea. (Laughter)
but you get the idea. (Laughter)
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Pa nećemo se zadržavati na ovome,
ali shvatate poentu. (Smeh)
ali shvatate poentu. (Smeh)
09:04
So this raises an important
technical question:
technical question:
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Ovo nas tera da postavimo
važno tehničko pitanje:
važno tehničko pitanje:
09:07
Does natural selection really favor
seeing reality as it is?
seeing reality as it is?
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Da li prirodna selekcija
zaista ide u prilog
zaista ide u prilog
doživljavanju stvarnosti
takva kakva jeste?
takva kakva jeste?
09:13
Fortunately, we don't have
to wave our hands and guess;
to wave our hands and guess;
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Srećom, ne moramo
da odmahnemo rukom i nagađamo;
da odmahnemo rukom i nagađamo;
09:17
evolution is a mathematically
precise theory.
precise theory.
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evolucija je matematički precizna teorija.
09:20
We can use the equations of evolution
to check this out.
to check this out.
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Možemo koristiti jednačine evolucije
da bismo proverili.
da bismo proverili.
Možemo uzeti različite organizme
i posmatratati
i posmatratati
09:24
We can have various organisms
in artificial worlds compete
in artificial worlds compete
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kako se takmiče u veštačkim uslovima,
09:28
and see which survive and which thrive,
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i videti koji preživljavaju
i koji napreduju,
i koji napreduju,
09:30
which sensory systems are more fit.
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čiji senzorni sistemi su najsposobniji.
09:33
A key notion in those
equations is fitness.
equations is fitness.
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Ključni pojam u ovim
jednačinama je sposobnost.
jednačinama je sposobnost.
09:37
Consider this steak:
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Uzmimo u obzir ovaj odrezak:
09:41
What does this steak do
for the fitness of an animal?
for the fitness of an animal?
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Šta on čini za sposobnost neke životinje?
09:45
Well, for a hungry lion looking to eat,
it enhances fitness.
it enhances fitness.
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Pa za gladnog lava koji bi jeo,
povećava sposobnost.
povećava sposobnost.
09:52
For a well-fed lion looking to mate,
it doesn't enhance fitness.
it doesn't enhance fitness.
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Za sitog lava koji bi se pario,
ne povećava.
ne povećava.
09:58
And for a rabbit in any state,
it doesn't enhance fitness,
it doesn't enhance fitness,
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A za zeca u bilo kom stanju,
ne povećava sposobnost,
ne povećava sposobnost,
10:01
so fitness does depend
on reality as it is, yes,
on reality as it is, yes,
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tako da ona zapravo zavisi od stvarnosti
takve kakva jeste, da,
takve kakva jeste, da,
10:06
but also on the organism,
its state and its action.
its state and its action.
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ali takođe i od organizma,
njegovog stanja i aktivnosti.
njegovog stanja i aktivnosti.
10:10
Fitness is not the same thing
as reality as it is,
as reality as it is,
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Sposobnost nije isto što i stvarnost
takva kakva jeste,
takva kakva jeste,
10:13
and it's fitness,
and not reality as it is,
and not reality as it is,
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i sposobnost organizma,
a ne stvarnost takva kakva jeste,
a ne stvarnost takva kakva jeste,
10:17
that figures centrally
in the equations of evolution.
in the equations of evolution.
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zapravo je ono oko čega se vrti
jednačina evolucije.
jednačina evolucije.
10:21
So, in my lab,
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Pa, u mojoj laboratoriji,
10:24
we have run hundreds of thousands
of evolutionary game simulations
of evolutionary game simulations
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pokretali smo stotine hiljada
simulacija igara evolucije
simulacija igara evolucije
10:28
with lots of different
randomly chosen worlds
randomly chosen worlds
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sa mnogo različitih
nasumično odabranih svetova
nasumično odabranih svetova
10:31
and organisms that compete
for resources in those worlds.
for resources in those worlds.
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i organizama koji se takmiče
za resurse u tim svetovima.
za resurse u tim svetovima.
10:35
Some of the organisms
see all of the reality,
see all of the reality,
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Neki od organizama vide celu stvarnost,
10:39
others see just part of the reality,
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drugi vide samo njen deo,
10:41
and some see none of the reality,
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a neki ništa,
10:43
only fitness.
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samo imaju sposobnost.
10:46
Who wins?
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Ko pobeđuje?
10:48
Well, I hate to break it to you,
but perception of reality goes extinct.
but perception of reality goes extinct.
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Pa, žao mi je što ovo
moram da vam saopštim,
moram da vam saopštim,
ali percepcija stvarnosti izumire.
10:54
In almost every simulation,
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U skoro svakoj simulaciji,
10:56
organisms that see none of reality
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2182
organizmi koji nisu videli
ništa od stvarnost
ništa od stvarnost
10:58
but are just tuned to fitness
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već su samo bili naštimovani na sposobnost
11:00
drive to extinction all the organisms
that perceive reality as it is.
that perceive reality as it is.
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5224
doveli su do izumiranja sve organizme
koji su videli stvarnost takvu kakva je.
koji su videli stvarnost takvu kakva je.
Dakle, evolucija ide u korist
donjoj liniji, ali ne i vertikali,
donjoj liniji, ali ne i vertikali,
11:05
So the bottom line is, evolution
does not favor vertical,
does not favor vertical,
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4590
11:10
or accurate perceptions.
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odnosno preciznoj percepciji.
11:11
Those perceptions of reality go extinct.
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3762
Ove percepcije stvarnosti izumiru.
11:15
Now, this is a bit stunning.
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2020
Ovo je pomalo iznenađujuće.
11:17
How can it be that not seeing
the world accurately
the world accurately
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Kako može biti da neposmatranje
sveta precizno zapravo
sveta precizno zapravo
11:21
gives us a survival advantage?
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1820
daje prednost u preživljavanju?
11:23
That is a bit counterintuitive.
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Suprotno je intuiciji.
11:25
But remember the jewel beetle.
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1835
Ali setimo se bube.
11:27
The jewel beetle survived
for thousands, perhaps millions of years,
for thousands, perhaps millions of years,
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3761
Buba je preživljavala hiljadama,
možda milionima godina,
možda milionima godina,
11:30
using simple tricks and hacks.
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koristeći se jednostavnim
trikovima i nagoveštajima.
trikovima i nagoveštajima.
11:33
What the equations
of evolution are telling us
of evolution are telling us
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Ono što nam jednačina evolucije govori je
11:36
is that all organisms, including us,
are in the same boat as the jewel beetle.
are in the same boat as the jewel beetle.
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5643
da su svi organizmi, uključujući i nas,
u istom sosu kao i bube.
u istom sosu kao i bube.
11:42
We do not see reality as it is.
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1930
Mi ne vidimo stvarnost takvu kakva je.
11:44
We're shaped with tricks
and hacks that keep us alive.
and hacks that keep us alive.
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4272
Oblikovani smo trikovima i nagoveštajima
koji nas održavaju u životu.
koji nas održavaju u životu.
11:48
Still,
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2020
Ipak,
11:50
we need some help with our intuitions.
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treba nam pomoć u intuiciji.
11:52
How can not perceiving
reality as it is be useful?
reality as it is be useful?
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Kako neopažanje stvarnosti takve kakva je
može biti korisno?
može biti korisno?
11:57
Well, fortunately, we have
a very helpful metaphor:
a very helpful metaphor:
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Srećom, imamo veoma korisnu metaforu:
12:01
the desktop interface on your computer.
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desktop interfejs na kompjuteru.
12:03
Consider that blue icon
for a TED Talk that you're writing.
for a TED Talk that you're writing.
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4133
Pogledajmo tu plavu ikonicu za TED govor
koji pišete.
koji pišete.
12:08
Now, the icon is blue and rectangular
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4004
Sada, ikona je plava i četvrtasta
12:12
and in the lower right corner
of the desktop.
of the desktop.
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2381
i smeštena u donjem desnom uglu desktopa.
12:15
Does that mean that the text file itself
in the computer is blue,
in the computer is blue,
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4186
Da li to znači da je sama tekst datoteka
na kompjuteru plava,
na kompjuteru plava,
12:20
rectangular, and in the lower
right-hand corner of the computer?
right-hand corner of the computer?
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3755
četvrtasta i smeštena
u donjem desnom uglu kompjutera?
u donjem desnom uglu kompjutera?
12:23
Of course not.
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1323
Naravno da ne.
12:25
Anyone who thought that misinterprets
the purpose of the interface.
the purpose of the interface.
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4709
Svako ko tako misli
pogrešno tumači svrhu interfejsa.
pogrešno tumači svrhu interfejsa.
12:29
It's not there to show you
the reality of the computer.
the reality of the computer.
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Nije tu da pokaže
kakva je stvarnost kompjutera.
kakva je stvarnost kompjutera.
12:32
In fact, it's there to hide that reality.
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Zapravo, tu je da je sakrije.
12:35
You don't want to know about the diodes
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1875
Ne želite da znate o diodama
12:37
and resistors and all
the megabytes of software.
the megabytes of software.
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2250
i rezistorima i svim megabajtima softvera.
Kad biste morali da se bakćete time,
nikada ne biste ni napisali svoj tekst
nikada ne biste ni napisali svoj tekst
12:39
If you had to deal with that,
you could never write your text file
you could never write your text file
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3131
12:42
or edit your photo.
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1475
ili možda izmenili fotografiju.
12:44
So the idea is that evolution
has given us an interface
has given us an interface
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4717
Tako je ideja da nam je
evolucija dala interfejs
evolucija dala interfejs
12:49
that hides reality and guides
adaptive behavior.
adaptive behavior.
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4315
koji krije stvarnost i navodi
naše prilagođavajuće ponašanje.
naše prilagođavajuće ponašanje.
12:53
Space and time, as you
perceive them right now,
perceive them right now,
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Prostor i vreme, kako ih sada vidimo,
12:56
are your desktop.
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2174
su desktop.
12:58
Physical objects are simply icons
in that desktop.
in that desktop.
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Fizički objekti su jednostavno
ikonice na tom desktopu.
ikonice na tom desktopu.
Postoiji i očigledan nedostatak.
13:04
There's an obvious objection.
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772192
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Hofman - ako mislite da je voz
koji se približava šinama
koji se približava šinama
13:06
Hoffman, if you think that train
coming down the track at 200 MPH
coming down the track at 200 MPH
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brzinom od 320 kilometara na čas
13:10
is just an icon of your desktop,
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samo jedna od ikonica na vašem desktopu,
13:12
why don't you step in front of it?
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2125
zašto ne stojite onda ispred njega?
I nakon što ste otišli,
zajedno sa svojom teorijom,
zajedno sa svojom teorijom,
13:14
And after you're gone,
and your theory with you,
and your theory with you,
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2293
13:17
we'll know that there's more
to that train than just an icon.
to that train than just an icon.
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3314
znaćemo da je taj voz
nešto više od ikonice.
nešto više od ikonice.
13:20
Well, I wouldn't step
in front of that train
in front of that train
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2043
Pa, ne bih stao ispred voza
13:22
for the same reason
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iz istog razloga
13:24
that I wouldn't carelessly drag
that icon to the trash can:
that icon to the trash can:
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4295
zbog kojeg ne bih bezbrižno odvukao
tu ikonicu u kantu za otpatke:
tu ikonicu u kantu za otpatke:
13:28
not because I take the icon literally --
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3181
ne zato što tu ikonu
uzimam zdravo za gotovo -
uzimam zdravo za gotovo -
13:31
the file is not literally blue
or rectangular --
or rectangular --
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3005
fajl nije stvarno plav ili četvrtast -
13:34
but I do take it seriously.
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2326
ali uzimam je za ozbiljno.
13:37
I could lose weeks of work.
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2031
Mogao bih izgubiti nedelje posla.
13:39
Similarly, evolution has shaped us
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2554
Slično tome, evolucija nas je oblikovala
13:41
with perceptual symbols
that are designed to keep us alive.
that are designed to keep us alive.
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4436
perceptivnim simbolima
koji su tu da nas održe u životu.
koji su tu da nas održe u životu.
13:46
We'd better take them seriously.
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2465
Bolje da ih uzmemo za ozbiljno.
13:49
If you see a snake, don't pick it up.
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2205
Ako vidimo zmiju, ne uzmemo je u ruke.
13:52
If you see a cliff, don't jump off.
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2759
Ako vidimo liticu, ne skačemo s nje.
13:55
They're designed to keep us safe,
and we should take them seriously.
and we should take them seriously.
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3576
Oni su dizajnirani da nas drže
na bezbednom,
na bezbednom,
i trebalo bi da ih shvatimo ozbiljno.
13:58
That does not mean that we
should take them literally.
should take them literally.
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2691
To ne znači da bi trebalo
da ih shvatamo bukvalno.
da ih shvatamo bukvalno.
14:01
That's a logical error.
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2254
To je logička greška.
14:03
Another objection: There's
nothing really new here.
nothing really new here.
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3205
Još jedan nedostatak:
U ovome nema zapravo ništa novo.
U ovome nema zapravo ništa novo.
14:06
Physicists have told us for a long time
that the metal of that train looks solid
that the metal of that train looks solid
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3924
Fizičari su nam dugo govorili da metal
na tom vozu izgleda čvrsto
na tom vozu izgleda čvrsto
14:10
but really it's mostly empty space
with microscopic particles zipping around.
with microscopic particles zipping around.
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ali zapravo je on većinom prazan prostor
sa mikroskopskim česticama
koje zvrje naokolo.
koje zvrje naokolo.
14:15
There's nothing new here.
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1488
Ništa novo.
14:16
Well, not exactly.
253
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2204
Pa, i nije baš tako.
14:18
It's like saying, I know that
that blue icon on the desktop
that blue icon on the desktop
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4040
To je kao kad bismo rekli:
"Znam da ta plava ikonica na dekstopu
"Znam da ta plava ikonica na dekstopu
14:22
is not the reality of the computer,
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2299
nije stvarnost kompjutera
14:25
but if I pull out my trusty
magnifying glass and look really closely,
magnifying glass and look really closely,
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3459
ali ako izvučem svoju lupu
i pogledam izbliza,
i pogledam izbliza,
14:28
I see little pixels,
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1811
vidim male piksele,
14:30
and that's the reality of the computer.
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858489
2461
i to je stvarnost kompjutera."
14:32
Well, not really -- you're still
on the desktop, and that's the point.
on the desktop, and that's the point.
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3808
Pa, baš i nije - još uvek smo
na desktopu, i u tome je stvar,
na desktopu, i u tome je stvar,
14:36
Those microscopic particles
are still in space and time:
are still in space and time:
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864758
2996
te mikroskopske čestice su još uvek
u prostoru i vremenu:
u prostoru i vremenu:
14:39
they're still in the user interface.
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2391
još uvek su u interfejsu.
14:42
So I'm saying something far more radical
than those physicists.
than those physicists.
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3762
Govorim nešto mnogo radikalnije
u odnosu na one fizičare.
u odnosu na one fizičare.
Konačno, možete se suprotstaviti
14:46
Finally, you might object,
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1473
14:48
look, we all see the train,
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2559
i reći da svi mi vidimo voz
14:50
therefore none of us constructs the train.
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3042
tako da niko od nas taj voz nije stvorio.
14:53
But remember this example.
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Ali setimo se ovog primera.
14:55
In this example, we all see a cube,
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U ovom primeru, svi vidimo kocku,
14:59
but the screen is flat,
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ali ekran je ravan,
15:01
so the cube that you see
is the cube that you construct.
is the cube that you construct.
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pa je tako kocka koju vidimo,
kocka koju smo sami stvorili.
kocka koju smo sami stvorili.
15:05
We all see a cube
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Svi vidimo kocku
15:07
because we all, each one of us,
constructs the cube that we see.
constructs the cube that we see.
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jer svi mi, svako od nas,
stvara kocku koju vidimo.
stvara kocku koju vidimo.
15:12
The same is true of the train.
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Isto je i sa vozom.
15:14
We all see a train because
we each see the train that we construct,
we each see the train that we construct,
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Svi vidimo voz jer svi vidimo voz
koji sami stvaramo,
koji sami stvaramo,
15:19
and the same is true
of all physical objects.
of all physical objects.
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i isto je istinito za sve fizičke objekte.
Svi smo naklonjeni mišljenju
da je percepcija
da je percepcija
15:24
We're inclined to think that perception
is like a window on reality as it is.
is like a window on reality as it is.
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nalik na prozor u stvarnost
takve kakva je.
takve kakva je.
15:29
The theory of evolution is telling us
that this is an incorrect interpretation
that this is an incorrect interpretation
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Teorija evolucije nam govori
da je ovo netačna interpretacija
da je ovo netačna interpretacija
15:34
of our perceptions.
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našeg opažanja.
15:37
Instead, reality is more like a 3D desktop
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Umesto toga,
stvarnost je više nalik na 3D desktop
stvarnost je više nalik na 3D desktop
15:40
that's designed to hide
the complexity of the real world
the complexity of the real world
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koji je dizajniran da sakrije
kompleksnost stvarnog sveta
kompleksnost stvarnog sveta
15:43
and guide adaptive behavior.
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i navodi naše ponašanje prilagođavanja.
15:46
Space as you perceive it is your desktop.
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Prostor onakav kakav ga vidimo je desktop.
15:49
Physical objects are just
the icons in that desktop.
the icons in that desktop.
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Fizički objekti su samo ikonice
na tom desktopu.
na tom desktopu.
15:53
We used to think that the Earth is flat
because it looks that way.
because it looks that way.
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Navikli smo da mislimo da je Zemlja ravna
jer nam tako izgleda.
jer nam tako izgleda.
15:57
Then we thought that the Earth
is the unmoving center of reality
is the unmoving center of reality
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Onda smo pomislili da je Zemlja
nepokretan centar stvarnosti
nepokretan centar stvarnosti
16:00
because it looks that way.
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jer nama ona tako izgleda.
16:02
We were wrong.
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Pa nismo bili u pravu.
16:03
We had misinterpreted our perceptions.
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Pogrešno smo tumačili naša opažanja.
16:06
Now we believe that spacetime and objects
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Sada verujemo
da su prostor, vreme i objekti
da su prostor, vreme i objekti
16:10
are the nature of reality as it is.
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priroda stvarnosti onakve kakva je.
16:13
The theory of evolution is telling us
that once again, we're wrong.
that once again, we're wrong.
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Teorija evolucije nam govori
da još jednom grešimo.
da još jednom grešimo.
16:17
We're misinterpreting the content
of our perceptual experiences.
of our perceptual experiences.
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Pogrešno tumačimo sadržaj
naših opažajnih iskustava.
naših opažajnih iskustava.
16:22
There's something that exists
when you don't look,
when you don't look,
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Ima nešto što postoji i
kada ne posmatramo,
kada ne posmatramo,
16:24
but it's not spacetime
and physical objects.
and physical objects.
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ali to nije vreme-prostor,
ni fizički objekti.
ni fizički objekti.
16:28
It's as hard for us to let go
of spacetime and objects
of spacetime and objects
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Za nas je teško da napustimo
vreme-prostor i objekte
vreme-prostor i objekte
16:31
as it is for the jewel beetle
to let go of its bottle.
to let go of its bottle.
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kao što je za bubu da napusti flašu.
16:34
Why? Because we're blind
to our own blindnesses.
to our own blindnesses.
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Zašto? Jer smo slepi za svoje slepilo.
16:40
But we have an advantage
over the jewel beetle:
over the jewel beetle:
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Ali imamo prednost u odnosu na bubu:
16:42
our science and technology.
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nauku i tehnologiju.
16:44
By peering through the lens of a telescope
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Gledajući kroz teleskop
16:46
we discovered that the Earth
is not the unmoving center of reality,
is not the unmoving center of reality,
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otkrili smo da Zemlja nije
nepokretan centar stvarnosti,
nepokretan centar stvarnosti,
16:51
and by peering through the lens
of the theory of evolution
of the theory of evolution
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i gledajući kroz sočivo teorije evolucije
16:54
we discovered that spacetime and objects
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otkrili smo da vreme-prostor i objekti
16:56
are not the nature of reality.
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nisu priroda stvarnosti.
16:59
When I have a perceptual experience
that I describe as a red tomato,
that I describe as a red tomato,
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Kada imamo opažajno iskustvo koje sam
opisao kao crveni paradajz,
opisao kao crveni paradajz,
17:03
I am interacting with reality,
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ja sam u interakciji sa stvarnošću
17:06
but that reality is not a red tomato
and is nothing like a red tomato.
and is nothing like a red tomato.
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ali stvarnost nije crveni paradajz,
i nije mu čak ni nalik.
i nije mu čak ni nalik.
17:11
Similarly, when I have an experience
that I describe as a lion or a steak,
that I describe as a lion or a steak,
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Slično tome, kada primam iskustvo
koje opisujem kao lav ili šnicla,
koje opisujem kao lav ili šnicla,
17:16
I'm interacting with reality,
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ja sam u interakciji sa stvarnosti,
17:18
but that reality is not a lion or a steak.
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3158
ali stvarnost nije lav ili šnicla.
17:21
And here's the kicker:
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2020
A ovde je i caka:
17:23
When I have a perceptual experience
that I describe as a brain, or neurons,
that I describe as a brain, or neurons,
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kad primam opažajno iskustvo koje opisujem
kao mozak, ili neuron,
kao mozak, ili neuron,
17:28
I am interacting with reality,
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2090
ja sam u interakciji sa stvarnošću,
17:30
but that reality is not a brain or neurons
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ali stvarnost nije mozak ili neuron
17:34
and is nothing like a brain or neurons.
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3498
i nije ni nalik mozgu ili neuronu.
17:37
And that reality, whatever it is,
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4779
Ta stvarnost, šta god da je,
17:42
is the real source of cause and effect
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3611
je stvaran izvor uzroka i posledica
17:46
in the world -- not brains, not neurons.
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4032
u svetu - ne mozak, ne neuroni.
17:50
Brains and neurons
have no causal powers.
have no causal powers.
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2600
Mozak i neuroni
nemaju nikakvu stvarnu moć.
nemaju nikakvu stvarnu moć.
Oni ne mogu da uzrokuju
nijedno od naših opažajnih iskustava,
nijedno od naših opažajnih iskustava,
17:52
They cause none of our
perceptual experiences,
perceptual experiences,
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2601
17:55
and none of our behavior.
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1788
i nijedno naše ponašanje.
17:57
Brains and neurons are a species-specific
set of symbols, a hack.
set of symbols, a hack.
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Mozak i neuroni su skup simbola
specifični za svaku vrstu.
specifični za svaku vrstu.
18:02
What does this mean
for the mystery of consciousness?
for the mystery of consciousness?
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Šta to znači za misteriju o svesnosti?
18:05
Well, it opens up new possibilities.
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Pa, otvara nove mogućnosti.
18:09
For instance,
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1695
Na primer,
18:11
perhaps reality is some vast machine
that causes our conscious experiences.
that causes our conscious experiences.
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6979
možda je stvarnost velika mašina
koja uzrokuje naše svesno iskustvo.
koja uzrokuje naše svesno iskustvo.
18:18
I doubt this, but it's worth exploring.
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3670
Sumnjam u to, ali vredno je istražiti.
18:22
Perhaps reality is some vast,
interacting network of conscious agents,
interacting network of conscious agents,
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1090260
5349
Možda je stvarnost neka velika,
interaktivna mreža agenasa svesti,
interaktivna mreža agenasa svesti,
18:27
simple and complex, that cause
each other's conscious experiences.
each other's conscious experiences.
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5573
jednostavnih i složenih, koji međusobno
uzrokuju jedan drugom svesna iskustva.
uzrokuju jedan drugom svesna iskustva.
18:33
Actually, this isn't as crazy
an idea as it seems,
an idea as it seems,
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3250
Zapravo, ovo nije tako luda ideja
kako se možda čini,
kako se možda čini,
18:36
and I'm currently exploring it.
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i trenutno je istražujem.
18:38
But here's the point:
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Ali u ovome je poenta:
18:40
Once we let go of our massively intuitive
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3321
Čim jednom napustimo naše
većinski intuitivno
većinski intuitivno
18:43
but massively false assumption
about the nature of reality,
about the nature of reality,
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3924
ali većinski lažnu pretpostavku
o prirodi stvarnosti,
o prirodi stvarnosti,
18:47
it opens up new ways to think
about life's greatest mystery.
about life's greatest mystery.
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1115903
4388
otvaraju nam se novi načini razmišljanja
o velikoj životnoj misteriji.
o velikoj životnoj misteriji.
18:53
I bet that reality will end up
turning out to be more fascinating
turning out to be more fascinating
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Kladim se da će na kraju ispasti
da je stvarnost mnogo više fascinantna
da je stvarnost mnogo više fascinantna
18:57
and unexpected than we've ever imagined.
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i neočekivana nego što smo i zamišljali.
19:01
The theory of evolution presents us
with the ultimate dare:
with the ultimate dare:
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Teorija evolucije nam predstavlja
najveći izazov:
najveći izazov:
19:06
Dare to recognize that perception
is not about seeing truth,
is not about seeing truth,
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5142
Izazov da prepoznamo da suština percepcije
nije u tome da vidimo istinu,
nije u tome da vidimo istinu,
19:11
it's about having kids.
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4096
već u tome da imamo decu.
19:15
And by the way, even this TED
is just in your head.
is just in your head.
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4740
Usput, čak je i ovaj TED
samo u vašoj glavi.
samo u vašoj glavi.
19:20
Thank you very much.
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2044
Hvala vam puno.
19:22
(Applause)
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3388
(Aplauz)
19:32
Chris Anderson: If that's
really you there, thank you.
really you there, thank you.
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Kris Anderson: Ako ste ovo
stvarno vi ovde, hvala vam.
stvarno vi ovde, hvala vam.
19:36
So there's so much from this.
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2931
Ima mnogo u ovome.
19:39
I mean, first of all, some people
may just be profoundly depressed
may just be profoundly depressed
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3269
Mislim, pre svega, neki ljudi mogu postati
veoma depresivni i na samu ovu pomisao,
veoma depresivni i na samu ovu pomisao,
19:42
at the thought that,
if evolution does not favor reality,
if evolution does not favor reality,
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5549
ako evolucija ne favorizuje stvarnost,
19:47
I mean, doesn't that to some extent
undermine all our endeavors here,
undermine all our endeavors here,
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3330
mislim, zar to u nekoj meri ne potcenjuje
naše napore ovde,
naše napore ovde,
19:51
all our ability to think
that we can think the truth,
that we can think the truth,
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2684
ili svu našu mogućnost da mislimo
da možemo da mislimo o istini,
da možemo da mislimo o istini,
19:53
possibly even including
your own theory, if you go there?
your own theory, if you go there?
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3506
možda čak uključujući vašu sopstvenu
teoriju, kad smo već kod toga?
teoriju, kad smo već kod toga?
19:57
Donald Hoffman: Well, this does not
stop us from a successful science.
stop us from a successful science.
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1185490
4454
Donald Hofman: Pa, to nas ne sprečava
da se uspešno bavimo naukom.
da se uspešno bavimo naukom.
20:01
What we have is one theory
that turned out to be false,
that turned out to be false,
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2812
Ono što imamo je jedna teorija
za koju se ispostavilo da je pogrešna,
za koju se ispostavilo da je pogrešna,
20:04
that perception is like reality
and reality is like our perceptions.
and reality is like our perceptions.
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4459
da je iskustvo baš kao stvarnost
i stvarnost kao naše iskustvo.
i stvarnost kao naše iskustvo.
20:09
That theory turns out to be false.
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Za tu teoriju se ispostavilo
da je pogrešna.
da je pogrešna.
20:10
Okay, throw that theory away.
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1418
Okej, odbacićemo je.
20:12
That doesn't stop us from now postulating
all sorts of other theories
all sorts of other theories
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3254
To nas ne sprečava da onda
stvaramo različite nove teorije
stvaramo različite nove teorije
20:15
about the nature of reality,
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1358
o prirodi stvarnosti,
20:16
so it's actually progress to recognize
that one of our theories was false.
that one of our theories was false.
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3605
pa je zapravo napredak prepoznati
neistinitost jedne od naših teorija.
neistinitost jedne od naših teorija.
20:20
So science continues as normal.
There's no problem here.
There's no problem here.
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2658
Tako nauka nastavlja normalno dalje.
Nema tu problema.
Nema tu problema.
20:23
CA: So you think it's possible
-- (Laughter) --
-- (Laughter) --
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2601
K.A: Znači mislite da je moguće...
20:25
This is cool, but what you're saying
I think is it's possible that evolution
I think is it's possible that evolution
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4110
To je super, ali kako vi kažete,
mislim da je moguće da evolucija
mislim da je moguće da evolucija
20:29
can still get you to reason.
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2647
još uvek može da nas tera na rezonovanje.
20:32
DH: Yes. Now that's a very,
very good point.
very good point.
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2313
D.H: Da. To je veoma,
veoma dobro razmišljanje.
veoma dobro razmišljanje.
20:34
The evolutionary game simulations that I
showed were specifically about perception,
showed were specifically about perception,
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4527
Igre simulacije evolucije koje sam pokazao
ovde bile su baš o percepciji,
ovde bile su baš o percepciji,
20:39
and they do show that our perceptions
have been shaped
have been shaped
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2578
i pokazuju da je naše opažanje oblikovano
20:41
not to show us reality as it is,
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1880
da nam ne prokaže stvarnost kakva jeste,
20:43
but that does not mean the same thing
about our logic or mathematics.
about our logic or mathematics.
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4273
ali to ne znači isto
za logiku ili matematiku.
za logiku ili matematiku.
20:48
We haven't done these simulations,
but my bet is that we'll find
but my bet is that we'll find
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3622
Nismo radili te simulacije,
ali kladim se da ćemo naći
ali kladim se da ćemo naći
20:51
that there are some selection pressures
for our logic and our mathematics
for our logic and our mathematics
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1239744
3622
da postoje neki selekcioni pritisci
za našu logiku i našu matematiku
za našu logiku i našu matematiku
20:55
to be at least in the direction of truth.
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2206
koji su makar u pravcu istine.
20:57
I mean, if you're like me,
math and logic is not easy.
math and logic is not easy.
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2647
Mislim, ako ste kao ja,
matematika i logika vam nisu laki.
matematika i logika vam nisu laki.
21:00
We don't get it all right, but at least
the selection pressures are not
the selection pressures are not
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3351
Ne shvatamo ih baš kako treba,
ali makar pritisak selekcije nije
ali makar pritisak selekcije nije
21:03
uniformly away from true math and logic.
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2338
jednoglasno protiv matematike i logike.
21:05
So I think that we'll find that we have
to look at each cognitive faculty
to look at each cognitive faculty
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3320
Zato mislim da ćemo shvatiti da moramo
da posmatramo kognitivne sposobnosti
da posmatramo kognitivne sposobnosti
21:09
one at a time and see
what evolution does to it.
what evolution does to it.
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jednu po jednu i vidimo
šta im evolucija čini.
šta im evolucija čini.
21:11
What's true about perception may not
be true about math and logic.
be true about math and logic.
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3761
Ono što je istina za percepciju ne mora
biti i za matematiku i logiku.
biti i za matematiku i logiku.
21:15
CA: I mean, really what you're proposing
is a kind of modern-day Bishop Berkeley
is a kind of modern-day Bishop Berkeley
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3994
K.A: Mislim, stvarno ono što vi
predlažete je vrsta moderne
predlažete je vrsta moderne
21:19
interpretation of the world:
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2391
interpretacije sveta Džordža Barklija:
21:21
consciousness causes matter,
not the other way around.
not the other way around.
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2949
svest uzrokuje materiju, a ne obrnuto.
21:24
DH: Well, it's slightly
different than Berkeley.
different than Berkeley.
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2392
D.H: Pa, malko je drugačije od Barklija.
21:27
Berkeley thought that, he was a deist,
and he thought that the ultimate
and he thought that the ultimate
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3362
Barkli je mislio da,
on je bio deista, i mislio je
on je bio deista, i mislio je
da je ultimativna priroda stvarnosti
Bog i tako dalje,
Bog i tako dalje,
21:30
nature of reality is God
and so forth,
and so forth,
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2039
21:32
and I don't need to go
where Berkeley's going,
where Berkeley's going,
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3110
ali ja ne idem u tom pravcu.
21:35
so it's quite a bit
different from Berkeley.
different from Berkeley.
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2695
Tako da je ipak malo drugačije.
21:39
I call this conscious realism.
It's actually a very different approach.
It's actually a very different approach.
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3510
Ovo zovem svesni realizam.
Zapravo je to veoma drugačiji pristup.
Zapravo je to veoma drugačiji pristup.
21:43
CA: Don, I could literally talk with you
for hours, and I hope to do that.
for hours, and I hope to do that.
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K.A: Done, bukvalno bih sa vama pričao
satima, i nadam se da ćemo to i moći.
satima, i nadam se da ćemo to i moći.
21:46
Thanks so much for that.
DH: Thank you. (Applause)
DH: Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam mnogo za ovo.
D.H: Hvala vama. (Aplauz)
D.H: Hvala vama. (Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Donald Hoffman - Cognitive scientistDonald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality.
Why you should listen
In his research to uncover the underlying secrets of human perception, Donald Hoffman has discovered important clues pointing to the subjective nature of reality.
Rather than as a set of absolute physical principles, reality is best understood as a set of phenomena our brain constructs to guide our behavior. To put it simply: we actively create everything we see, and there is no aspect of reality that does not depend on consciousness.
Hoffman is a faculty member at UC Irvine and a recipient of the Troland Award of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Donald Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com