TED2015
Donald Hoffman: Do we see reality as it is?
Donald Hoffman: Vidimo li stvarnost takvu kakva jest?
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Kognitivni znanstvenik David Hoffman pokušava odgovoriti na veliko pitanje: doživljavamo li svijet takav kakav stvarno jest.... ili takav kakav trebamo da bude? U ovome suptilno zaprepašćujućem govoru razmatra kako naši umovi za nas stvaraju stvarnost.
Donald Hoffman - Cognitive scientist
Donald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality. Full bio
Donald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I love a great mystery,
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Volim velike misterije
00:14
and I'm fascinated by the greatest
unsolved mystery in science,
unsolved mystery in science,
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i fascinira me najveći
nerazrješeni misterij u znanosti,
nerazrješeni misterij u znanosti,
00:19
perhaps because it's personal.
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možda zato što je osoban.
00:21
It's about who we are,
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Radi se o tome tko smo mi
00:23
and I can't help but be curious.
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i ne mogu ne biti znatiželjan.
00:26
The mystery is this:
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Misterij je sljedeći:
00:28
What is the relationship
between your brain
between your brain
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koja je veza između vašeg mozga
00:31
and your conscious experiences,
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i svjesnih iskustava,
00:33
such as your experience
of the taste of chocolate
of the taste of chocolate
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kao na primjer iskustvo
okusa čokolade
okusa čokolade
00:35
or the feeling of velvet?
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ili osjeta baršuna?
00:38
Now, this mystery is not new.
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Ovaj misterij nije ništa novo.
00:40
In 1868, Thomas Huxley wrote,
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1868. je Thomas Huxley napisao:
00:44
"How it is that anything so remarkable
as a state of consciousness comes about
as a state of consciousness comes about
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"Kako je moguće da nešto tako nevjerojatno
kao što je stanje svijesti nastaje kao
kao što je stanje svijesti nastaje kao
00:49
as the result of irritating nervous tissue
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posljedica iritacije živčanog tkiva
00:53
is just as unaccountable
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jednako neobjašnjivo
00:55
as the appearance of the genie
when Aladdin rubbed his lamp."
when Aladdin rubbed his lamp."
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kao pojavljivanje duha kad Aladdin
protrlja svoju svjetiljku?"
protrlja svoju svjetiljku?"
01:01
Now, Huxley knew that brain activity
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Huxley je znao da su aktivnosti mozga
01:03
and conscious experiences are correlated,
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i svjesna iskustva povezana,
01:06
but he didn't know why.
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ali nije znao zašto.
01:08
To the science of his day,
it was a mystery.
it was a mystery.
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Za znanost njegova vremena
to je bio misterij.
to je bio misterij.
01:12
In the years since Huxley,
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U godinama nakon Huxleyja
01:14
science has learned a lot
about brain activity,
about brain activity,
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znanost je otkrila mnogo
toga o aktivnosti mozga,
toga o aktivnosti mozga,
01:17
but the relationship
between brain activity
between brain activity
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ali je veza između aktivnosti mozga
01:19
and conscious experiences
is still a mystery.
is still a mystery.
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i svjesnih iskustava još uvijek misterij.
01:22
Why? Why have we made so little progress?
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Zašto? Zašto nismo više napredovali?
01:26
Well, some experts think
that we can't solve this problem
that we can't solve this problem
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Neki stručnjaci misle da ne možemo
riješiti ovaj problem jer
riješiti ovaj problem jer
01:31
because we lack the necessary
concepts and intelligence.
concepts and intelligence.
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nemamo potrebnog koncepta i inteligencije.
01:35
We don't expect monkeys to solve
problems in quantum mechanics,
problems in quantum mechanics,
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Ne očekujemo od majmuna da riješe
probleme iz kvantne mehanike,
probleme iz kvantne mehanike,
01:39
and as it happens, we can't expect
our species to solve this problem either.
our species to solve this problem either.
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i, čini se, ne možemo očekivati da
naša vrsta riješi ovaj problem.
naša vrsta riješi ovaj problem.
01:44
Well, I disagree. I'm more optimistic.
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Ja se ne slažem. Optimističan sam.
01:47
I think we've simply
made a false assumption.
made a false assumption.
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Mislim da smo jednostavno krenuli
od pogrešne pretpostavke.
od pogrešne pretpostavke.
01:50
Once we fix it, we just
might solve this problem.
might solve this problem.
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Jednom kada ju ispravimo,
mogli bismo riješiti ovaj problem.
mogli bismo riješiti ovaj problem.
01:54
Today, I'd like tell you
what that assumption is,
what that assumption is,
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Danas bih vam želio reći
koja je to pretpostavka,
koja je to pretpostavka,
01:56
why it's false, and how to fix it.
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zašto je pogrešna i kako ju ispraviti.
01:59
Let's begin with a question:
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Počnimo s pitanjem:
02:01
Do we see reality as it is?
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Vidimo li stvarnost kakva ona jest?
02:04
I open my eyes
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Otvorim oči
02:06
and I have an experience that I describe
as a red tomato a meter away.
as a red tomato a meter away.
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i doživim iskustvo koje opišem
kao metar udaljenu crvenu rajčicu.
kao metar udaljenu crvenu rajčicu.
02:12
As a result, I come to believe
that in reality,
that in reality,
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Kao rezultat, povjerujem u to
da u stvarnosti
da u stvarnosti
02:15
there's a red tomato a meter away.
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postoji metar udaljena crvena rajčica.
02:18
I then close my eyes, and my experience
changes to a gray field,
changes to a gray field,
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Onda zatvorim oči i moje se iskustvo
mijenja u sivo polje,
mijenja u sivo polje,
02:24
but is it still the case that in reality,
there's a red tomato a meter away?
there's a red tomato a meter away?
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ali je li u stvarnosti još uvijek
metar udaljena crvena rajčica?
metar udaljena crvena rajčica?
02:30
I think so, but could I be wrong?
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Mislim da je, ali mogu li biti u krivu?
02:33
Could I be misinterpreting
the nature of my perceptions?
the nature of my perceptions?
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Je li moguće da pogrešno
tumačim vlastite percepcije?
tumačim vlastite percepcije?
02:39
We have misinterpreted
our perceptions before.
our perceptions before.
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I ranije smo ih pogrešno tumačili.
02:42
We used to think the Earth is flat,
because it looks that way.
because it looks that way.
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Mislili smo da je Zemlja ravna
jer nam se tako činilo.
jer nam se tako činilo.
02:46
Pythagorus discovered that we were wrong.
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Pitagora je otkrio da smo u krivu.
02:49
Then we thought that the Earth
is the unmoving center of the Universe,
is the unmoving center of the Universe,
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Onda smo mislili da je Zemlja
nepomično središte svemira,
nepomično središte svemira,
02:53
again because it looks that way.
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opet, jer nam se tako činilo.
02:56
Copernicus and Galileo discovered,
again, that we were wrong.
again, that we were wrong.
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Kopernik i Galileo otkrili su
da smo, opet, u krivu.
da smo, opet, u krivu.
03:01
Galileo then wondered if we might
be misinterpreting our experiences
be misinterpreting our experiences
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Galileo se onda zapitao je li
moguće da pogrešno tumačimo
moguće da pogrešno tumačimo
03:05
in other ways.
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iskustva i na druge načine.
03:06
He wrote: "I think that tastes,
odors, colors, and so on
odors, colors, and so on
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Napisao je: "Smatram da okusi,
mirisi, boje i ostalo
mirisi, boje i ostalo
03:11
reside in consciousness.
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žive u svijesti.
03:14
Hence if the living creature were removed,
all these qualities would be annihilated."
all these qualities would be annihilated."
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Stoga, da se živa bića uklone,
sve te osobine bile bi uništene."
sve te osobine bile bi uništene."
03:20
Now, that's a stunning claim.
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To je zapanjujuća tvrdnja.
03:23
Could Galileo be right?
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Bi li Galileo mogao biti u pravu?
03:24
Could we really be misinterpreting
our experiences that badly?
our experiences that badly?
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Je li moguće da toliko
pogrešno tumačimo iskustva?
pogrešno tumačimo iskustva?
03:29
What does modern science
have to say about this?
have to say about this?
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Što o tome kaže suvremena znanost?
03:32
Well, neuroscientists tell us
that about a third of the brain's cortex
that about a third of the brain's cortex
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Pa, neuroznanstvenici kažu da je
otprilike trećina moždane kore
otprilike trećina moždane kore
03:37
is engaged in vision.
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uključena u vid.
03:39
When you simply open your eyes
and look about this room,
and look about this room,
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Kada otvorite oči i gledate uokolo,
03:43
billions of neurons
and trillions of synapses are engaged.
and trillions of synapses are engaged.
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milijarde neurona i trilijuni sinapsi
su uključeni u taj proces.
su uključeni u taj proces.
03:47
Now, this is a bit surprising,
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To je pomalo iznenađujuće
03:49
because to the extent that
we think about vision at all,
we think about vision at all,
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jer, kada uopće razmišljamo o vidu,
03:51
we think of it as like a camera.
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razmišljamo o tome kao o kameri.
03:54
It just takes a picture
of objective reality as it is.
of objective reality as it is.
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Jednostavno uslika objektivnu stvarnost
onakvom kakva ona jest.
onakvom kakva ona jest.
03:58
Now, there is a part of vision
that's like a camera:
that's like a camera:
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Postoji dio vida koji jest poput kamere:
04:02
the eye has a lens that focuses
an image on the back of the eye
an image on the back of the eye
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oko ima leću koja fokusira sliku
na stražnjem dijelu oka
na stražnjem dijelu oka
04:06
where there are 130 million
photoreceptors,
photoreceptors,
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gdje se nalazi 130 milijuna fotoreceptora,
04:10
so the eye is like a 130-megapixel camera.
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tako da je oko poput
kamere od 130 megapiksela
kamere od 130 megapiksela
04:14
But that doesn't explain
the billions of neurons
the billions of neurons
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Ali to ne objašnjava milijune neurona
04:17
and trillions of synapses
that are engaged in vision.
that are engaged in vision.
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i trilijune sinapsi uključenih u vid.
04:21
What are these neurons up to?
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Što ti neuroni rade?
04:23
Well, neuroscientists tell us
that they are creating, in real time,
that they are creating, in real time,
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Neuroznanstvenici kažu da u
stvarnom vremenu stvaraju
stvarnom vremenu stvaraju
04:27
all the shapes, objects, colors,
and motions that we see.
and motions that we see.
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sve oblike, predmete, boje
i pokrete koje vidimo.
i pokrete koje vidimo.
04:32
It feels like we're just taking a snapshot
of this room the way it is,
of this room the way it is,
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Čini nam se kao da snimamo
prostoriju kakva ona jest,
prostoriju kakva ona jest,
04:35
but in fact, we're constructing
everything that we see.
everything that we see.
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ali zapravo konstruiramo sve što vidimo.
04:39
We don't construct
the whole world at once.
the whole world at once.
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Ne konstruiramo sve odjednom,
04:42
We construct what we need in the moment.
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već ono nam u tom trenutku treba.
04:45
Now, there are many demonstrations
that are quite compelling
that are quite compelling
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Mnogo demonstracija ukazuje na to
04:48
that we construct what we see.
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da zaista konstruiramo ono što vidimo.
04:50
I'll just show you two.
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Pokazat ću vam samo dvije.
04:52
In this example, you see some red discs
with bits cut out of them,
with bits cut out of them,
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U ovom primjeru vidite crvene diskove
kojima su uklonjeni neki djelići,
kojima su uklonjeni neki djelići,
04:58
but if I just rotate
the disks a little bit,
the disks a little bit,
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ali ako malo okrenem diskove,
05:01
suddenly, you see a 3D cube
pop out of the screen.
pop out of the screen.
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iznenada vidite 3D kocku
koja iskače iz ekrana.
koja iskače iz ekrana.
05:06
Now, the screen of course is flat,
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Naravno, ekran je plosnat,
05:09
so the three-dimensional cube
that you're experiencing
that you're experiencing
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tako da trodimenzionalna kocka
koju doživljavate mora
koju doživljavate mora
05:11
must be your construction.
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biti rezultat vašeg konstruiranja.
05:15
In this next example,
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U sljedećem primjeru
05:17
you see glowing blue bars
with pretty sharp edges
with pretty sharp edges
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vidite svjetleće plave šipke
oštrih rubova
oštrih rubova
05:21
moving across a field of dots.
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koje se kreću preko polja točkica.
05:25
In fact, no dots move.
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A zapravo, nijedna se točkica ne kreće.
05:28
All I'm doing from frame to frame
is changing the colors of dots
is changing the colors of dots
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Samo mijenjam boju točkica od
okvira do okvira,
okvira do okvira,
05:33
from blue to black or black to blue.
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od plave do crne ili crne do plave.
05:35
But when I do this quickly,
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Ali kad to radim brzo,
05:37
your visual system creates
the glowing blue bars
the glowing blue bars
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vaš vizualni sustav stvara
svjetleće plave poluge
svjetleće plave poluge
05:41
with the sharp edges and the motion.
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oštrih rubova i u pokretu.
05:44
There are many more examples,
but these are just two
but these are just two
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Postoji još mnogo primjera,
ali ovo su samo dva koja
ali ovo su samo dva koja
05:46
that you construct what you see.
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pokazuju da konstruirate ono što vidite.
05:49
But neuroscientists go further.
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Ali, neuroznanstvenici tu ne staju.
05:53
They say that we reconstruct reality.
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Oni kažu da mi rekonstruiramo stvarnost.
05:58
So, when I have an experience
that I describe as a red tomato,
that I describe as a red tomato,
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Tako da, kada doživim iskustvo koje
opišem kao crvenu rajčicu,
opišem kao crvenu rajčicu,
06:02
that experience is actually
an accurate reconstruction
an accurate reconstruction
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ono je zapravo točna rekonstrukcija
06:06
of the properties of a real red tomato
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osobina stvarne crvene rajčice
06:08
that would exist
even if I weren't looking.
even if I weren't looking.
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koja bi postojala čak i
kada ju ja ne gledam.
kada ju ja ne gledam.
06:13
Now, why would neuroscientists
say that we don't just construct,
say that we don't just construct,
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Zašto neuroznanstvenici kažu da
mi ne konstruiramo,
mi ne konstruiramo,
06:16
we reconstruct?
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nego rekonstruiramo?
06:18
Well, the standard argument given
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Standardni je argument za to
06:21
is usually an evolutionary one.
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obično onaj evolucijski.
06:24
Those of our ancestors
who saw more accurately
who saw more accurately
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Oni naši preci koji su vidjeli točnije
06:27
had a competitive advantage compared
to those who saw less accurately,
to those who saw less accurately,
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imali su konkurentsku prednost nad
onima koji su vidjeli manje točno
onima koji su vidjeli manje točno
06:32
and therefore they were more likely
to pass on their genes.
to pass on their genes.
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i zbog toga su imali veće šanse
prenijeti svoje gene.
prenijeti svoje gene.
06:34
We are the offspring of those
who saw more accurately,
who saw more accurately,
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Mi smo potomci onih koji su
vidjeli točnije
vidjeli točnije
06:38
and so we can be confident that,
in the normal case,
in the normal case,
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tako da možemo biti sigurni da su,
u normalnim slučajevima,
u normalnim slučajevima,
06:41
our perceptions are accurate.
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naše percepcije točne.
06:43
You see this in the standard textbooks.
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To vidite u standardnim udžbenicima.
06:47
One textbook says, for example,
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Jedan udžbenik, na primjer, kaže:
06:49
"Evolutionarily speaking,
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"Evolucijski govoreći,
06:51
vision is useful precisely
because it is so accurate."
because it is so accurate."
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vid je koristan upravo zato što
je tako točan".
je tako točan".
06:55
So the idea is that accurate perceptions
are fitter perceptions.
are fitter perceptions.
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Zamisao je ta da su točne percepcije
podobnije percepcije.
podobnije percepcije.
07:00
They give you a survival advantage.
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Daju vam prednost u preživljavanju.
07:02
Now, is this correct?
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No, je li to točno?
07:04
Is this the right interpretation
of evolutionary theory?
of evolutionary theory?
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Je li to ispravna interpretacija
evolucijske teorije?
evolucijske teorije?
07:06
Well, let's first look at a couple
of examples in nature.
of examples in nature.
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Pogledajmo prvo nekoliko
primjera iz prirode.
primjera iz prirode.
07:10
The Australian jewel beetle
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Australski je kukac krasnik
07:13
is dimpled, glossy and brown.
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udubljen, sjajan i smeđe boje.
07:16
The female is flightless.
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Ženka ne može letjeti.
07:18
The male flies, looking,
of course, for a hot female.
of course, for a hot female.
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Mužjak leti uokolo tražeći,
naravno, zgodnu ženku.
naravno, zgodnu ženku.
07:22
When he finds one, he alights and mates.
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Kada ju pronađe, slijeće i pare se.
07:26
There's another species in the outback,
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Postoji još jedna vrsta u pozadini,
07:29
Homo sapiens.
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Homo sapiens.
07:30
The male of this species
has a massive brain
has a massive brain
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Mužjak ove vrste ima ogroman mozak
07:33
that he uses to hunt for cold beer.
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koji koristi za lov hladnog piva.
07:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:39
And when he finds one, he drains it,
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I kada ga pronađe, iskapi ga
07:41
and sometimes throws the bottle
into the outback.
into the outback.
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i ponekad baci bocu u pozadinu.
07:44
Now, as it happens, these bottles
are dimpled, glossy,
are dimpled, glossy,
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Te su boce udubljene, sjajne
07:49
and just the right shade of brown
to tickle the fancy of these beetles.
to tickle the fancy of these beetles.
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i odgovarajuće nijanse smeđe boje
koja intrigira te kukce.
koja intrigira te kukce.
07:54
The males swarm all over
the bottles trying to mate.
the bottles trying to mate.
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Mužjaci nahrupe na boce u
pokušaju da se pare.
pokušaju da se pare.
07:59
They lose all interest
in the real females.
in the real females.
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Gube zanimanje za prave ženke.
08:02
Classic case of the male
leaving the female for the bottle.
leaving the female for the bottle.
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Klasičan slučaj u kojem mužjak
ostavlja ženku zbog boce!
ostavlja ženku zbog boce!
08:06
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
08:11
The species almost went extinct.
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Vrsta je zamalo izumrla.
08:14
Australia had to change its bottles
to save its beetles.
to save its beetles.
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U Australiji su morali promijeniti
boce kako bi spasili kornjaše.
boce kako bi spasili kornjaše.
08:18
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:21
Now, the males had successfully
found females for thousands,
found females for thousands,
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Mužjaci su uspješno pronalazili
ženke tisućama,
ženke tisućama,
08:25
perhaps millions of years.
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možda i milijunima godina.
08:28
It looked like they saw reality
as it is, but apparently not.
as it is, but apparently not.
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Izgledalo je kao da su vidjeli stvarnost
kakva jest, ali se čini da nije tako.
kakva jest, ali se čini da nije tako.
08:32
Evolution had given them a hack.
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Evolucija im je podvalila.
08:35
A female is anything dimpled,
glossy and brown,
glossy and brown,
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Ženka je bilo što udubljeno,
sjajno i smeđe boje,
sjajno i smeđe boje,
08:40
the bigger the better.
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što veće, to bolje!
08:42
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:44
Even when crawling all over the bottle,
the male couldn't discover his mistake.
the male couldn't discover his mistake.
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Čak i kad puže po boci, mužjak
ne shvaća da je pogriješio.
ne shvaća da je pogriješio.
08:49
Now, you might say, beetles, sure,
they're very simple creatures,
they're very simple creatures,
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Možda ćete reći da se to može dogoditi
bubama jer su jednostavna bića,
bubama jer su jednostavna bića,
08:53
but surely not mammals.
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a nikako sisavcima.
08:55
Mammals don't rely on tricks.
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Sisavci se ne oslanjaju na trikove.
08:58
Well, I won't dwell on this,
but you get the idea. (Laughter)
but you get the idea. (Laughter)
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Neću se zadržavati na ovome,
ali shvaćate poantu. (Smijeh)
ali shvaćate poantu. (Smijeh)
09:04
So this raises an important
technical question:
technical question:
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To dovodi do važnog tehničkog pitanja:
09:07
Does natural selection really favor
seeing reality as it is?
seeing reality as it is?
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Daje li doista prirodna selekcija prednost
viđenju stvarnosti kakva ona jest?
viđenju stvarnosti kakva ona jest?
09:13
Fortunately, we don't have
to wave our hands and guess;
to wave our hands and guess;
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Srećom, ne moramo pogađati;
09:17
evolution is a mathematically
precise theory.
precise theory.
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evolucija je matematički precizna teorija.
09:20
We can use the equations of evolution
to check this out.
to check this out.
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Možemo koristiti evolucijske jednadžbe
kako bismo to provjerili.
kako bismo to provjerili.
09:24
We can have various organisms
in artificial worlds compete
in artificial worlds compete
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Možemo imati razne organizme koji
se u umjetnom svijetu natječu i
se u umjetnom svijetu natječu i
09:28
and see which survive and which thrive,
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vidjeti koji će preživjeti i napredovati,
09:30
which sensory systems are more fit.
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koji su osjeti podobniji.
09:33
A key notion in those
equations is fitness.
equations is fitness.
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Podobnost je ključni pojam
u tim jednadžbama.
u tim jednadžbama.
09:37
Consider this steak:
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Promotrite ovaj odrezak:
09:41
What does this steak do
for the fitness of an animal?
for the fitness of an animal?
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Što on čini za podobnost životinje?
09:45
Well, for a hungry lion looking to eat,
it enhances fitness.
it enhances fitness.
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Pa, gladnom lavu željnom hrane
povećava podobnost.
povećava podobnost.
09:52
For a well-fed lion looking to mate,
it doesn't enhance fitness.
it doesn't enhance fitness.
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Sitom lavu željnom parenja
ne povećava podobnost.
ne povećava podobnost.
09:58
And for a rabbit in any state,
it doesn't enhance fitness,
it doesn't enhance fitness,
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A zecu u bilo kojem stanju ne
povećava podobnost,
povećava podobnost,
10:01
so fitness does depend
on reality as it is, yes,
on reality as it is, yes,
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tako da podobnost ovisi o
stvarnosti kakva ona jest, da,
stvarnosti kakva ona jest, da,
10:06
but also on the organism,
its state and its action.
its state and its action.
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ali također i o organizmu,
njegovom stanju i djelovanju.
njegovom stanju i djelovanju.
10:10
Fitness is not the same thing
as reality as it is,
as reality as it is,
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Podobnost nije isto što i
stvarnost kakva ona jest,
stvarnost kakva ona jest,
10:13
and it's fitness,
and not reality as it is,
and not reality as it is,
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i upravo je podobnost,
a ne stvarnost kakva jest
a ne stvarnost kakva jest
10:17
that figures centrally
in the equations of evolution.
in the equations of evolution.
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središte evolucijske jednadžbe.
10:21
So, in my lab,
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U mom su se laboratoriju
10:24
we have run hundreds of thousands
of evolutionary game simulations
of evolutionary game simulations
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odvile stotine tisuća
simulacija evolucije
simulacija evolucije
10:28
with lots of different
randomly chosen worlds
randomly chosen worlds
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3065
s različitim, nasumičnim, svjetovima
10:31
and organisms that compete
for resources in those worlds.
for resources in those worlds.
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i organizmima koji se bore za
resurse u tim svjetovima.
resurse u tim svjetovima.
10:35
Some of the organisms
see all of the reality,
see all of the reality,
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Neki organizmi vide čitavu stvarnost,
10:39
others see just part of the reality,
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neki samo dio nje,
10:41
and some see none of the reality,
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a neki vide
10:43
only fitness.
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samo podobnost.
10:46
Who wins?
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Tko pobjeđuje?
10:48
Well, I hate to break it to you,
but perception of reality goes extinct.
but perception of reality goes extinct.
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Žao mi je što vam ovo moram reći,
ali percepcija stvarnosti je izumrla.
ali percepcija stvarnosti je izumrla.
10:54
In almost every simulation,
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U gotovo su svakoj simulaciji
10:56
organisms that see none of reality
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2182
oni koji uopće nisu vidjeli stvarnost
10:58
but are just tuned to fitness
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nego su okrenuti podobnosti
11:00
drive to extinction all the organisms
that perceive reality as it is.
that perceive reality as it is.
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5224
doveli do izumiranja sve organizme
koji doživljavaju stvarnost kakva jest.
koji doživljavaju stvarnost kakva jest.
11:05
So the bottom line is, evolution
does not favor vertical,
does not favor vertical,
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Poanta je ta da evolucija
ne daje prednost vertikalnim
ne daje prednost vertikalnim
11:10
or accurate perceptions.
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ili točnim percepcijama.
11:11
Those perceptions of reality go extinct.
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3762
Te percepcije stvarnosti izumiru.
11:15
Now, this is a bit stunning.
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2020
To je zapanjujuće.
11:17
How can it be that not seeing
the world accurately
the world accurately
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3682
Kako to da imamo prednost
za preživljavanje ako svijet
za preživljavanje ako svijet
11:21
gives us a survival advantage?
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1820
ne vidimo točno?
11:23
That is a bit counterintuitive.
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To je malo kontraproduktivno.
11:25
But remember the jewel beetle.
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1835
Ali sjetite se kukca krasnika.
11:27
The jewel beetle survived
for thousands, perhaps millions of years,
for thousands, perhaps millions of years,
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3761
Krasnik je uspio preživjeti
tisućama, možda milijunima godina
tisućama, možda milijunima godina
11:30
using simple tricks and hacks.
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koristeći jednostavne trikove.
11:33
What the equations
of evolution are telling us
of evolution are telling us
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3177
Ono što nam evolucijske jednadžbe govore
11:36
is that all organisms, including us,
are in the same boat as the jewel beetle.
are in the same boat as the jewel beetle.
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je da svi organizmi, uključujući i nas,
dijele istu sudbinu kao i krasnici.
dijele istu sudbinu kao i krasnici.
11:42
We do not see reality as it is.
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1930
Ne vidimo stvarnost kakva ona jest.
11:44
We're shaped with tricks
and hacks that keep us alive.
and hacks that keep us alive.
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4272
Oblikovani smo trikovima
koji nas drže na životu.
koji nas drže na životu.
11:48
Still,
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2020
Ipak,
11:50
we need some help with our intuitions.
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trebamo pomoć s intuicijom.
11:52
How can not perceiving
reality as it is be useful?
reality as it is be useful?
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700702
4783
Kako može biti korisno to da ne
vidimo stvarnost kakva jest?
vidimo stvarnost kakva jest?
11:57
Well, fortunately, we have
a very helpful metaphor:
a very helpful metaphor:
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Srećom, imamo vrlo korisnu metaforu:
12:01
the desktop interface on your computer.
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radna površina vašeg računala.
12:03
Consider that blue icon
for a TED Talk that you're writing.
for a TED Talk that you're writing.
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4133
Pogledajte plavu ikonicu
za TED talk koji pišete.
za TED talk koji pišete.
12:08
Now, the icon is blue and rectangular
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4004
Ona je plava i pravokutna
12:12
and in the lower right corner
of the desktop.
of the desktop.
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i u donjem je desnom uglu
radne površine.
radne površine.
12:15
Does that mean that the text file itself
in the computer is blue,
in the computer is blue,
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4186
Znači li to da je tekstna datoteka
u računalu plava,
u računalu plava,
12:20
rectangular, and in the lower
right-hand corner of the computer?
right-hand corner of the computer?
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pravokutna i u donjem
desnom uglu računala?
desnom uglu računala?
12:23
Of course not.
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1323
Naravno da ne.
12:25
Anyone who thought that misinterprets
the purpose of the interface.
the purpose of the interface.
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4709
Svatko tko to misli pogrešno shvaća
svrhu sučelja radne površine.
svrhu sučelja radne površine.
12:29
It's not there to show you
the reality of the computer.
the reality of the computer.
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Ono ne postoji da bi prikazalo
stvarnost računala.
stvarnost računala.
12:32
In fact, it's there to hide that reality.
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Zapravo, postoji da ju sakrije.
12:35
You don't want to know about the diodes
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1875
Ne želite znati o diodama
12:37
and resistors and all
the megabytes of software.
the megabytes of software.
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i otpornicima i svim megabajtima softvera.
12:39
If you had to deal with that,
you could never write your text file
you could never write your text file
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3131
Da morate misliti o tome,
nikad ne biste mogli pisati tekst
nikad ne biste mogli pisati tekst
12:42
or edit your photo.
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1475
ili urediti fotografiju.
12:44
So the idea is that evolution
has given us an interface
has given us an interface
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Zamisao je ta da nam je
evolucija dala sučelje
evolucija dala sučelje
12:49
that hides reality and guides
adaptive behavior.
adaptive behavior.
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koje skriva stvarnost i upravlja
adaptivnim ponašanjem.
adaptivnim ponašanjem.
12:53
Space and time, as you
perceive them right now,
perceive them right now,
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Vrijeme i prostor koje sada doživljavate
12:56
are your desktop.
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2174
su vaša radna površina.
12:58
Physical objects are simply icons
in that desktop.
in that desktop.
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Fizički su objekti ikonice
na toj površini.
na toj površini.
13:04
There's an obvious objection.
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2221
Naravno, tu je očit prigovor.
13:06
Hoffman, if you think that train
coming down the track at 200 MPH
coming down the track at 200 MPH
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3948
Hoffmanu, ako misliš da je vlak
koji juri 320 km/h samo
koji juri 320 km/h samo
13:10
is just an icon of your desktop,
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2461
ikonica na radnoj površini,
13:12
why don't you step in front of it?
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2125
zašto ne staneš pred njega?
13:14
And after you're gone,
and your theory with you,
and your theory with you,
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I kada umreš, a s tobom i tvoja teorija,
13:17
we'll know that there's more
to that train than just an icon.
to that train than just an icon.
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3314
znat ćemo da taj vlak nije samo ikonica.
13:20
Well, I wouldn't step
in front of that train
in front of that train
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2043
Ne bih stao pred taj vlak
13:22
for the same reason
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iz istog razloga
13:24
that I wouldn't carelessly drag
that icon to the trash can:
that icon to the trash can:
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zbog kojeg ne bih neoprezno
tu ikonicu stavio u koš za smeće:
tu ikonicu stavio u koš za smeće:
13:28
not because I take the icon literally --
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3181
ne zato što ikonicu smatram doslovno --
13:31
the file is not literally blue
or rectangular --
or rectangular --
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3005
datoteka nije doslovno plava ili
pravokutna --
pravokutna --
13:34
but I do take it seriously.
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2326
ali ju shvaćam ozbiljno.
13:37
I could lose weeks of work.
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2031
Mogao bih izgubiti tjedne rada.
13:39
Similarly, evolution has shaped us
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Slično tomu, evolucija nas je oblikovala
13:41
with perceptual symbols
that are designed to keep us alive.
that are designed to keep us alive.
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4436
perceptivnim simbolima koji nas
održavaju živima.
održavaju živima.
13:46
We'd better take them seriously.
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2465
Trebamo ih shvatiti ozbiljno.
13:49
If you see a snake, don't pick it up.
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2205
Ako vidite zmiju, nemojte ju uzeti.
13:52
If you see a cliff, don't jump off.
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Ako vidite liticu, nemojte skočiti s nje.
13:55
They're designed to keep us safe,
and we should take them seriously.
and we should take them seriously.
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Oni su osmišljeni da bismo bili sigurni,
i moramo ih shvatiti ozbiljno.
i moramo ih shvatiti ozbiljno.
13:58
That does not mean that we
should take them literally.
should take them literally.
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2691
No, to ne znači da bismo ih
trebali shvatiti doslovno.
trebali shvatiti doslovno.
14:01
That's a logical error.
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2254
To je logička pogreška.
14:03
Another objection: There's
nothing really new here.
nothing really new here.
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3205
Još jedan prigovor:
Ovo nije ništa novo.
Ovo nije ništa novo.
14:06
Physicists have told us for a long time
that the metal of that train looks solid
that the metal of that train looks solid
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Fizičari nam dugo već govore da
metal toga vlaka izgleda čvrsto,
metal toga vlaka izgleda čvrsto,
14:10
but really it's mostly empty space
with microscopic particles zipping around.
with microscopic particles zipping around.
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ali je uglavnom prazan prostor
u kojem se kreću mikroskopske čestice.
u kojem se kreću mikroskopske čestice.
14:15
There's nothing new here.
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1488
Tu nema ništa novo.
14:16
Well, not exactly.
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2204
Pa, ne baš.
14:18
It's like saying, I know that
that blue icon on the desktop
that blue icon on the desktop
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4040
To je kao da kažete da znate
da plava ikona na radnoj površini
da plava ikona na radnoj površini
14:22
is not the reality of the computer,
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2299
nije stvarnost računala,
14:25
but if I pull out my trusty
magnifying glass and look really closely,
magnifying glass and look really closely,
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3459
ali ako se poslužim povećalom
i pomno promotrim,
i pomno promotrim,
14:28
I see little pixels,
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1811
vidjet ću malene piksele,
14:30
and that's the reality of the computer.
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2461
a to jest stvarnost računala.
14:32
Well, not really -- you're still
on the desktop, and that's the point.
on the desktop, and that's the point.
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3808
Pa, zapravo i nije tako - još ste uvijek
na radnoj površini, o tome se radi.
na radnoj površini, o tome se radi.
14:36
Those microscopic particles
are still in space and time:
are still in space and time:
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864758
2996
Te su mikroskopske čestice još
uvijek u vremenu i prostoru:
uvijek u vremenu i prostoru:
14:39
they're still in the user interface.
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2391
još uvijek su u korisničkom sučelju.
14:42
So I'm saying something far more radical
than those physicists.
than those physicists.
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3762
Ja govorim o nečemu daleko
radikalnijem od onih fizičara.
radikalnijem od onih fizičara.
14:46
Finally, you might object,
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1473
Možda ćete prigovoriti da
14:48
look, we all see the train,
264
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2559
svi vidimo vlak i stoga
14:50
therefore none of us constructs the train.
265
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3042
ga nitko od nas ne konstruira.
14:53
But remember this example.
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2090
Ali sjetite se ovog primjera.
14:55
In this example, we all see a cube,
267
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2716
U ovom primjeru, svi vidimo kocku,
14:59
but the screen is flat,
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2093
ali je ekran plosnat
15:01
so the cube that you see
is the cube that you construct.
is the cube that you construct.
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2737
tako da je kocka koju vidite
kocka koju ste konstruirali.
kocka koju ste konstruirali.
15:05
We all see a cube
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2043
Svi vidimo kocku
15:07
because we all, each one of us,
constructs the cube that we see.
constructs the cube that we see.
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4859
jer svatko od nas konstruira
kocku koju vidimo.
kocku koju vidimo.
15:12
The same is true of the train.
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2060
Isto je i s vlakom.
15:14
We all see a train because
we each see the train that we construct,
we each see the train that we construct,
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4482
Svi vidimo vlak jer svi vidimo
vlak koji konstruiramo,
vlak koji konstruiramo,
15:19
and the same is true
of all physical objects.
of all physical objects.
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3553
a to je slučaj sa svim
fizičkim predmetima.
fizičkim predmetima.
15:24
We're inclined to think that perception
is like a window on reality as it is.
is like a window on reality as it is.
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5053
Skloni smo mišljenju da je percepcija
prozor u stvarnost kakva ona jest.
prozor u stvarnost kakva ona jest.
15:29
The theory of evolution is telling us
that this is an incorrect interpretation
that this is an incorrect interpretation
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Evolucijska nam teorija govori
da je to netočna interpretacija
da je to netočna interpretacija
15:34
of our perceptions.
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naših percepcija.
15:37
Instead, reality is more like a 3D desktop
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No, stvarnost je kao 3D radna površina
15:40
that's designed to hide
the complexity of the real world
the complexity of the real world
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koja je osmišljena za skrivanje
složenosti stvarnog svijeta
složenosti stvarnog svijeta
15:43
and guide adaptive behavior.
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i upravljanje adaptivnim ponašanjem.
15:46
Space as you perceive it is your desktop.
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Percipirani prostor je radna površina.
15:49
Physical objects are just
the icons in that desktop.
the icons in that desktop.
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Fizički predmeti samo su ikone
na toj radnoj površini.
na toj radnoj površini.
15:53
We used to think that the Earth is flat
because it looks that way.
because it looks that way.
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Mislili smo da je Zemlja ravna
jer tako izgleda.
jer tako izgleda.
15:57
Then we thought that the Earth
is the unmoving center of reality
is the unmoving center of reality
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Zatim smo mislili da je Zemlja
nepomično središte stvarnosti
nepomično središte stvarnosti
16:00
because it looks that way.
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jer nam tako izgleda.
16:02
We were wrong.
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Bili smo u krivu.
16:03
We had misinterpreted our perceptions.
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Pogrešno smo protumačili percepcije.
16:06
Now we believe that spacetime and objects
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Sada vjerujemo da su prostor,
vrijeme i predmeti
vrijeme i predmeti
16:10
are the nature of reality as it is.
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priroda stvarnosti kakva ona jest.
16:13
The theory of evolution is telling us
that once again, we're wrong.
that once again, we're wrong.
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Evolucijska nam je teorija još jednom
pokazala da smo u krivu.
pokazala da smo u krivu.
16:17
We're misinterpreting the content
of our perceptual experiences.
of our perceptual experiences.
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Pogrešno tumačimo sadržaj
perceptivnih iskustava.
perceptivnih iskustava.
16:22
There's something that exists
when you don't look,
when you don't look,
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Postoji nešto i kada ne gledate,
16:24
but it's not spacetime
and physical objects.
and physical objects.
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ali nije prostor, vrijeme i
fizički predmeti.
fizički predmeti.
16:28
It's as hard for us to let go
of spacetime and objects
of spacetime and objects
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Teško nam je pustiti koncept
prostora, vremena i predmeta
prostora, vremena i predmeta
16:31
as it is for the jewel beetle
to let go of its bottle.
to let go of its bottle.
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isto kao što je krasniku
teško pustiti bocu.
teško pustiti bocu.
16:34
Why? Because we're blind
to our own blindnesses.
to our own blindnesses.
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Zašto? Zato što smo slijepi
i ne vidimo vlastito sljepilo.
i ne vidimo vlastito sljepilo.
16:40
But we have an advantage
over the jewel beetle:
over the jewel beetle:
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Ali, imamo prednost nad krasnikom:
16:42
our science and technology.
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znanost i tehnologiju.
16:44
By peering through the lens of a telescope
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Gledajući kroz leću teleskopa
16:46
we discovered that the Earth
is not the unmoving center of reality,
is not the unmoving center of reality,
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4636
otkrili smo da Zemlja nije
nepomično središte stvarnosti,
nepomično središte stvarnosti,
16:51
and by peering through the lens
of the theory of evolution
of the theory of evolution
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a gledajući kroz leću
evolucijske teorije
evolucijske teorije
16:54
we discovered that spacetime and objects
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otkrili smo da prostor, vrijeme i predmeti
16:56
are not the nature of reality.
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2368
nisu priroda stvarnosti.
16:59
When I have a perceptual experience
that I describe as a red tomato,
that I describe as a red tomato,
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Kada doživim perceptivno iskustvo
koje opišem kao crvenu rajčicu,
koje opišem kao crvenu rajčicu,
17:03
I am interacting with reality,
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u interakciji sam sa stvarnošću,
17:06
but that reality is not a red tomato
and is nothing like a red tomato.
and is nothing like a red tomato.
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5210
ali ta stvarnost nije crvena rajčica
i nije ništa kao crvena rajčica.
i nije ništa kao crvena rajčica.
17:11
Similarly, when I have an experience
that I describe as a lion or a steak,
that I describe as a lion or a steak,
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Slično tomu, kada doživim iskustvo
koje opišem kao lava ili odrezak,
koje opišem kao lava ili odrezak,
17:16
I'm interacting with reality,
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u interakciji sam sa stvarnošću,
17:18
but that reality is not a lion or a steak.
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3158
ali ona nije lav ili odrezak.
17:21
And here's the kicker:
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I, evo iznenađenja:
17:23
When I have a perceptual experience
that I describe as a brain, or neurons,
that I describe as a brain, or neurons,
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Kada doživim perceptivno iskustvo
koje opišem kao mozak ili neuroni,
koje opišem kao mozak ili neuroni,
17:28
I am interacting with reality,
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2090
u interakciji sam sa stvarnošću,
17:30
but that reality is not a brain or neurons
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ali ona nije mozak ili neuroni
17:34
and is nothing like a brain or neurons.
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i nije ni nalik na mozak ili neurone.
17:37
And that reality, whatever it is,
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4779
A ta stvarnost, kakva god ona bila,
17:42
is the real source of cause and effect
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je pravi izvor uzroka i posljedica
17:46
in the world -- not brains, not neurons.
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u svijetu - ne mozgovi niti neuroni.
17:50
Brains and neurons
have no causal powers.
have no causal powers.
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2600
Mozgovi i neuroni nemaju
moć uzročnosti.
moć uzročnosti.
17:52
They cause none of our
perceptual experiences,
perceptual experiences,
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Ne uzrokuju perceptivna iskustva
17:55
and none of our behavior.
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niti naše ponašanje.
17:57
Brains and neurons are a species-specific
set of symbols, a hack.
set of symbols, a hack.
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Mozgovi i neuroni su skup znakova
specifični za vrstu, trikovi.
specifični za vrstu, trikovi.
18:02
What does this mean
for the mystery of consciousness?
for the mystery of consciousness?
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Što to znači za misterij svijesti?
18:05
Well, it opens up new possibilities.
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Otvara niz mogućnosti.
18:09
For instance,
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Na primjer,
18:11
perhaps reality is some vast machine
that causes our conscious experiences.
that causes our conscious experiences.
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6979
možda je stvarnost neki ogroman stroj
koji uzrokuje naša svjesna iskustva.
koji uzrokuje naša svjesna iskustva.
18:18
I doubt this, but it's worth exploring.
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Čisto sumnjam, ali vrijedi istražiti.
18:22
Perhaps reality is some vast,
interacting network of conscious agents,
interacting network of conscious agents,
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5349
Možda je stvarnost neka ogromna
interakcijska mreža agenata svijesti,
interakcijska mreža agenata svijesti,
18:27
simple and complex, that cause
each other's conscious experiences.
each other's conscious experiences.
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5573
jednostavnih i složenih, koji uzrokuju
međusobna svjesna iskustva.
međusobna svjesna iskustva.
18:33
Actually, this isn't as crazy
an idea as it seems,
an idea as it seems,
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Zapravo, ova zamisao ni nije
tako luda kako se na prvu čini,
tako luda kako se na prvu čini,
18:36
and I'm currently exploring it.
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i trenutno ju istražujem.
18:38
But here's the point:
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Ali evo poante:
18:40
Once we let go of our massively intuitive
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3321
Jednom kada napustimo uvelike intuitivnu,
18:43
but massively false assumption
about the nature of reality,
about the nature of reality,
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3924
ali uvelike lažnu pretpostavku o
prirodi stvarnosti,
prirodi stvarnosti,
18:47
it opens up new ways to think
about life's greatest mystery.
about life's greatest mystery.
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1115903
4388
pojavit će se novi načini razmišljanja
o najvećem životnom misteriju.
o najvećem životnom misteriju.
18:53
I bet that reality will end up
turning out to be more fascinating
turning out to be more fascinating
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Kladim se da će stvarnost na kraju
ispasti puno fascinantnija i
ispasti puno fascinantnija i
18:57
and unexpected than we've ever imagined.
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3974
neočekivanija nego što smo mislili.
19:01
The theory of evolution presents us
with the ultimate dare:
with the ultimate dare:
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4388
Evolucijska teorija predstavlja nam
najveći izazov:
najveći izazov:
19:06
Dare to recognize that perception
is not about seeing truth,
is not about seeing truth,
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5142
Usudite se priznati da percepcija
nije viđenje istine,
nije viđenje istine,
19:11
it's about having kids.
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4096
nego imanje djece.
19:15
And by the way, even this TED
is just in your head.
is just in your head.
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4740
I, usput, čak je i ovaj TED talk
samo u vašoj glavi.
samo u vašoj glavi.
19:20
Thank you very much.
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2044
Puno vam hvala.
19:22
(Applause)
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3388
(Pljesak)
19:32
Chris Anderson: If that's
really you there, thank you.
really you there, thank you.
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3435
Chris Anderson: Ako si to
zaista ti ovdje, hvala ti.
zaista ti ovdje, hvala ti.
19:36
So there's so much from this.
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2931
Toliko je toga rečeno sada.
19:39
I mean, first of all, some people
may just be profoundly depressed
may just be profoundly depressed
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3269
Prvo, neki su ljudi sada u
dubokoj depresiji zbog
dubokoj depresiji zbog
19:42
at the thought that,
if evolution does not favor reality,
if evolution does not favor reality,
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5549
pomisli da, ako evolucija
ne daje prednost stvarnosti,
ne daje prednost stvarnosti,
19:47
I mean, doesn't that to some extent
undermine all our endeavors here,
undermine all our endeavors here,
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3330
ne znači li to da, donekle, potkopava
sva naša nastojanja,
sva naša nastojanja,
19:51
all our ability to think
that we can think the truth,
that we can think the truth,
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2684
naše razmišljanje da
možemo misliti istinito,
možemo misliti istinito,
19:53
possibly even including
your own theory, if you go there?
your own theory, if you go there?
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3506
čak uključujući i tvoju teoriju?
19:57
Donald Hoffman: Well, this does not
stop us from a successful science.
stop us from a successful science.
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4454
Donald Hoffman: To nas ne sprječava
da budemo uspješni u znanosti.
da budemo uspješni u znanosti.
20:01
What we have is one theory
that turned out to be false,
that turned out to be false,
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Imamo jednu teoriju za koju se
ispostavilo da je netočna,
ispostavilo da je netočna,
20:04
that perception is like reality
and reality is like our perceptions.
and reality is like our perceptions.
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da je percepcija poput stvarnosti
i stvarnost poput percepcija.
i stvarnost poput percepcija.
20:09
That theory turns out to be false.
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Ispostavilo se da je ona netočna.
20:10
Okay, throw that theory away.
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1418
Ok, odbacit ćemo tu teoriju.
20:12
That doesn't stop us from now postulating
all sorts of other theories
all sorts of other theories
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3254
To nas ne sprječava da
postuliramo razne teorije
postuliramo razne teorije
20:15
about the nature of reality,
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1358
o prirodi stvarnosti,
20:16
so it's actually progress to recognize
that one of our theories was false.
that one of our theories was false.
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3605
tako da je zapravo napredak priznati
da je neka naša teorija netočna.
da je neka naša teorija netočna.
20:20
So science continues as normal.
There's no problem here.
There's no problem here.
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2658
Znanost normalno nastavlja dalje.
Nema problema.
Nema problema.
20:23
CA: So you think it's possible
-- (Laughter) --
-- (Laughter) --
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2601
CA: Znači, misliš da je moguće
-- (Smijeh) --
-- (Smijeh) --
20:25
This is cool, but what you're saying
I think is it's possible that evolution
I think is it's possible that evolution
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4110
To je fora, ali mislim da govoriš
da je moguće da nas evolucija
da je moguće da nas evolucija
20:29
can still get you to reason.
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2647
može urazumiti.
20:32
DH: Yes. Now that's a very,
very good point.
very good point.
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2313
DH: Da. To je jako, jako dobar zaključak.
20:34
The evolutionary game simulations that I
showed were specifically about perception,
showed were specifically about perception,
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4527
Igre simulacije evolucije koje sam pokazao
bile su specifične za percepciju,
bile su specifične za percepciju,
20:39
and they do show that our perceptions
have been shaped
have been shaped
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2578
i one pokazuju da su naše
percepcije oblikovane
percepcije oblikovane
20:41
not to show us reality as it is,
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1880
ne da nam pokažu stvarnost kakva jest,
20:43
but that does not mean the same thing
about our logic or mathematics.
about our logic or mathematics.
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4273
nego da to nije isto kada se radi o
logici ili matematici.
logici ili matematici.
20:48
We haven't done these simulations,
but my bet is that we'll find
but my bet is that we'll find
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3622
Te simulacije nismo proveli,
ali kladim se da bismo saznali
ali kladim se da bismo saznali
20:51
that there are some selection pressures
for our logic and our mathematics
for our logic and our mathematics
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1239744
3622
kako postoje selekcijski pritisci za
našu logiku i matematiku
našu logiku i matematiku
20:55
to be at least in the direction of truth.
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2206
kako bi bile barem usmjerene prema istini.
20:57
I mean, if you're like me,
math and logic is not easy.
math and logic is not easy.
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2647
Ako ste poput mene, matematika
i logika nisu jednostavne.
i logika nisu jednostavne.
21:00
We don't get it all right, but at least
the selection pressures are not
the selection pressures are not
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3351
Ne shvaćamo ih baš, ali barem
selekcijski pritisak nije
selekcijski pritisak nije
21:03
uniformly away from true math and logic.
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2338
daleko od istinske matematike i logike.
21:05
So I think that we'll find that we have
to look at each cognitive faculty
to look at each cognitive faculty
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3320
Mislim da ćemo otkriti da svaku kognitivnu
sposobnost treba promatrati
sposobnost treba promatrati
21:09
one at a time and see
what evolution does to it.
what evolution does to it.
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zasebno i pratiti njezin razvoj
tijekom evolucije.
tijekom evolucije.
21:11
What's true about perception may not
be true about math and logic.
be true about math and logic.
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3761
Što je istinito o percepciji ne mora biti
istinito o matematici i logici.
istinito o matematici i logici.
21:15
CA: I mean, really what you're proposing
is a kind of modern-day Bishop Berkeley
is a kind of modern-day Bishop Berkeley
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CA: Znači, predlažeš nekakvu vrstu moderne
interpretacije svijeta sličnu
interpretacije svijeta sličnu
21:19
interpretation of the world:
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2391
onoj biskupa Berkeleya:
21:21
consciousness causes matter,
not the other way around.
not the other way around.
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2949
svijest uzrokuje materiju,
a ne obrnuto.
a ne obrnuto.
21:24
DH: Well, it's slightly
different than Berkeley.
different than Berkeley.
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2392
DH: Pa, malo se razlikuje od Berkeleyja.
21:27
Berkeley thought that, he was a deist,
and he thought that the ultimate
and he thought that the ultimate
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3362
Berkeley je bio deist i
smatrao je da je Bog
smatrao je da je Bog
21:30
nature of reality is God
and so forth,
and so forth,
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2039
krajnja priroda stvarnosti,
i tako dalje,
i tako dalje,
21:32
and I don't need to go
where Berkeley's going,
where Berkeley's going,
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3110
a ja ne moram govoriti o tome kao on,
21:35
so it's quite a bit
different from Berkeley.
different from Berkeley.
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2695
tako da se dosta razlikujem od Berkeleyja.
21:39
I call this conscious realism.
It's actually a very different approach.
It's actually a very different approach.
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3510
Ovo nazivam svjesnim realizmom.
To je sasvim drukčiji pristup.
To je sasvim drukčiji pristup.
21:43
CA: Don, I could literally talk with you
for hours, and I hope to do that.
for hours, and I hope to do that.
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CA: Don, doslovno bih s tobom mogao
razgovarati satima, i nadam se da hoću.
razgovarati satima, i nadam se da hoću.
21:46
Thanks so much for that.
DH: Thank you. (Applause)
DH: Thank you. (Applause)
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Puno ti hvala na tome.
DH: Hvala tebi. (Pljesak)
DH: Hvala tebi. (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Donald Hoffman - Cognitive scientistDonald Hoffman studies how our visual perception, guided by millions of years of natural selection, authors every aspect of our everyday reality.
Why you should listen
In his research to uncover the underlying secrets of human perception, Donald Hoffman has discovered important clues pointing to the subjective nature of reality.
Rather than as a set of absolute physical principles, reality is best understood as a set of phenomena our brain constructs to guide our behavior. To put it simply: we actively create everything we see, and there is no aspect of reality that does not depend on consciousness.
Hoffman is a faculty member at UC Irvine and a recipient of the Troland Award of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Donald Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com