ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alain de Botton - Philosopher
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday.

Why you should listen

It started in 1997, when Alain de Botton turned away from writing novels and instead wrote a touching extended essay titled How Proust Can Change Your Life, which became an unlikely blockbuster in the "self-help"category. His subsequent books take on some of the fundamental worries of modern life (am I happy? where exactly do I stand?), informed by his deep reading in philosophy and by a novelist's eye for small, perfect moments. His newest book is The Pleasures and Sorrows of Work.

In 2008, de Botton helped start the School of Life in London, a social enterprise determined to make learning and therapy relevant in today's uptight culture. His goal is (through any of his mediums) to help clients learn "how to live wisely and well."

More profile about the speaker
Alain de Botton | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Alain de Botton: Atheism 2.0

雅倫.迪布頓:無神論 2.0

Filmed:
2,872,847 views

宗教有何值得無神論者借鏡?雅倫.迪布頓提倡一種「無神論者的宗教」,他稱之為「無神論 2.0」。這理論加入了宗教中的儀式和傳統,以滿足人們對本身對宗教體驗的需要。
- Philosopher
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
One of the most common共同 ways方法 of dividing the world世界
0
0
3000
區分世人,其中一種最常見的做法
00:18
is into those who believe
1
3000
2000
是把他們分成「信者」
00:20
and those who don't --
2
5000
2000
與「不信者」──
00:22
into the religious宗教 and the atheists無神論者.
3
7000
3000
即「有神論者」和「無神論者」
00:25
And for the last decade or so,
4
10000
2000
近十年來
00:27
it's been quite相當 clear明確
5
12000
2000
何謂「無神論者」
00:29
what being存在 an atheist無神論者 means手段.
6
14000
2000
一直相當清晰
00:31
There have been some very vocal聲音的 atheists無神論者
7
16000
3000
好些無神論者
00:34
who've誰一直 pointed out,
8
19000
2000
直言不諱
00:36
not just that religion宗教 is wrong錯誤,
9
21000
2000
說宗教不僅是錯的
00:38
but that it's ridiculous荒謬.
10
23000
2000
而且還是荒謬的
00:40
These people, many許多 of whom have lived生活 in North Oxford牛津,
11
25000
3000
這些無神論者,當中有許多居於牛津北部
00:43
have argued爭論 --
12
28000
2000
他們主張
00:45
they've他們已經 argued爭論 that believing相信 in God
13
30000
3000
他們認為,相信上帝存在
00:48
is akin類似的 to believing相信 in fairies仙女
14
33000
2000
無異於相信童話內的仙女存在
00:50
and essentially實質上 that the whole整個 thing
15
35000
2000
究其本質
00:52
is a childish幼稚 game遊戲.
16
37000
2000
宗教是幼稚的
00:54
Now I think it's too easy簡單.
17
39000
2000
但我認為這說法太淺薄
00:56
I think it's too easy簡單
18
41000
2000
這樣完全否定宗教
00:58
to dismiss解僱 the whole整個 of religion宗教 that way.
19
43000
3000
過於輕易
01:01
And it's as easy簡單 as shooting射擊 fish in a barrel.
20
46000
2000
輕易如甕中捉鱉
01:03
And what I'd like to inaugurate開幕 today今天
21
48000
2000
今日,我想說的是
01:05
is a new way of being存在 an atheist無神論者 --
22
50000
2000
無神論者不必如此
01:07
if you like, a new version of atheism無神論
23
52000
3000
可以說,這是一種嶄新的無神論
01:10
we could call Atheism無神論 2.0.
24
55000
3000
我們可稱之為「無神論 2.0」
01:13
Now what is Atheism無神論 2.0?
25
58000
2000
何謂「無神論 2.0」?
01:15
Well it starts啟動 from a very basic基本 premise前提:
26
60000
2000
我們先從最基本的前提說起
01:17
of course課程, there's no God.
27
62000
3000
是的,世間沒有上帝
01:20
Of course課程, there are no deities神佛 or supernatural超自然 spirits
28
65000
3000
而且也沒有甚麼聖靈,或超自然的神明
01:23
or angels天使, etc等等.
29
68000
2000
也沒有天使之類的東西
01:25
Now let's move移動 on; that's not the end結束 of the story故事,
30
70000
3000
這不是結論,而是起點
01:28
that's the very, very beginning開始.
31
73000
3000
我們繼續說下去
01:31
I'm interested有興趣 in the kind of constituency選民
32
76000
3000
我對某些人的想法很感興趣
01:34
that thinks something along沿 these lines:
33
79000
2000
他們會想
01:36
that thinks, "I can't believe in any of this stuff東東.
34
81000
2000
「我不相信這些東西」
01:38
I can't believe in the doctrines學說.
35
83000
3000
「我不接受那些教條」
01:41
I don't think these doctrines學說 are right.
36
86000
2000
「我不認為這些教條是對的」
01:43
But," a very important重要 but, "I love Christmas聖誕 carols頌歌.
37
88000
4000
「可是」這個心理轉折很重要,「我喜歡聖誕歌」
01:47
I really like the art藝術 of Mantegna曼特尼亞.
38
92000
3000
「我很喜歡蒙特納的畫作」
01:50
I really like looking at old churches教堂.
39
95000
2000
「我欣賞古老的教堂」
01:52
I really like turning車削 the pages網頁 of the Old Testament遺囑."
40
97000
3000
「我很喜歡翻閱舊約聖經」
01:55
Whatever隨你 it may可能 be,
41
100000
2000
諸如此類
01:57
you know the kind of thing I'm talking about --
42
102000
2000
你懂的
01:59
people who are attracted吸引 to the ritualistic儀式 side,
43
104000
2000
有些人會被宗教的某部份吸引,比如是儀式
02:01
the moralistic道德, communal公社 side of religion宗教,
44
106000
3000
宗教中的倫理,或是裡面普世共享的東西
02:04
but can't bear the doctrine教義.
45
109000
2000
但受不了那些教條
02:06
Until直到 now, these people have faced面對 a rather unpleasant不愉快 choice選擇.
46
111000
3000
直到目前為止,他們總是陷入兩難
02:09
It's almost幾乎 as though雖然 either you accept接受 the doctrine教義
47
114000
3000
要麼,你得一併擁護宗教教條
02:12
and then you can have all the nice不錯 stuff東東,
48
117000
2000
才能享有宗教美好的部份
02:14
or you reject拒絕 the doctrine教義 and
49
119000
2000
要麼,你在否定宗教教條的同時
02:16
you're living活的 in some kind of spiritual精神 wasteland荒地
50
121000
2000
便讓自己置身空茫的精神世界裡
02:18
under the guidance指導 of CNNCNN and Walmart沃爾瑪(Walmart).
51
123000
2000
讓CNN和沃爾瑪作你的精神領袖
02:20
So that's a sort分類 of tough強硬 choice選擇.
52
125000
2000
二擇其一,真是個困難的選擇
02:22
I don't think we have to make that choice選擇.
53
127000
2000
但我不認為我們一定要非此即彼
02:24
I think there is an alternative替代.
54
129000
2000
其實還有另一個可能性
02:26
I think there are ways方法 --
55
131000
2000
我想我們可以
02:28
and I'm being存在 both very respectful尊敬的 and completely全然 impious不虔誠 --
56
133000
3000
在非常尊重,但並不崇拜宗教的前提下
02:31
of stealing偷竊行為 from religions宗教.
57
136000
2000
從中偷師
02:33
If you don't believe in a religion宗教,
58
138000
2000
如果你不相信宗教
02:35
there's nothing wrong錯誤 with picking選擇 and mixing混合,
59
140000
2000
大可萃取並融和宗教裡美好的事物
02:37
with taking服用 out the best最好 sides雙方 of religion宗教.
60
142000
3000
去蕪存菁
02:40
And for me, atheism無神論 2.0
61
145000
2000
在我而言,無神論2.0
02:42
is about both, as I say,
62
147000
2000
正正是,如我所言
02:44
a respectful尊敬的 and an impious不虔誠 way
63
149000
3000
在尊重但不崇拜宗教的前提下
02:47
of going through通過 religions宗教 and saying, "What here could we use?"
64
152000
3000
檢視宗教的內容,並思考「這裡面有甚麼值得借鏡的?」
02:50
The secular世俗 world世界 is full充分 of holes.
65
155000
2000
去宗教化的現世是千瘡百孔的
02:52
We have secularized世俗化 badly, I would argue爭論.
66
157000
3000
我認為,這個社會的去宗教化,做得並不高明
02:55
And a thorough徹底 study研究 of religion宗教
67
160000
2000
透徹地考究宗教
02:57
could give us all sorts排序 of insights見解
68
162000
2000
能讓人生活各方面
02:59
into areas of life that are not going too well.
69
164000
3000
獲得不同的啟發
03:02
And I'd like to run through通過 a few少數 of these today今天.
70
167000
4000
今天我會挑其中幾樣來說
03:06
I'd like to kick off by looking at education教育.
71
171000
3000
首先,我們來看看教育
03:09
Now education教育 is a field領域
72
174000
2000
今時今日
03:11
the secular世俗 world世界 really believes相信 in.
73
176000
2000
我們對教育抱有莫大信心
03:13
When we think about how we're going to make the world世界 a better place地點,
74
178000
2000
我們相信它能使世界更好
03:15
we think education教育; that's where we put a lot of money.
75
180000
3000
於是我們向教育投入龐大資金
03:18
Education教育 is going to give us, not only commercial廣告 skills技能, industrial產業 skills技能,
76
183000
3000
教育所能作的,不只是授與各項職業技能
03:21
it's also going to make us better people.
77
186000
2000
它還會導人向善
03:23
You know the kind of thing a commencement開始 address地址 is, and graduation畢業 ceremonies儀式,
78
188000
3000
在開學演辭中,或畢業典禮上
03:26
those lyrical抒情 claims索賠
79
191000
2000
常有這種堂皇動人的說法
03:28
that education教育, the process處理 of education教育 -- particularly尤其 higher更高 education教育 --
80
193000
3000
指教育,尤其是高等教育
03:31
will make us into nobler高貴 and better human人的 beings眾生.
81
196000
3000
使人變得更好更高尚
03:34
That's a lovely可愛 idea理念.
82
199000
2000
很美好的構想
03:36
Interesting有趣 where it came來了 from.
83
201000
2000
值得探究的是,這構思的來源
03:38
In the early 19th century世紀,
84
203000
2000
十九世紀初
03:40
church教會 attendance in Western西 Europe歐洲
85
205000
2000
在西歐,上教會的人
03:42
started開始 sliding滑動 down very, very sharply大幅, and people panicked驚慌失措.
86
207000
3000
愈來愈少,流失得很快,大家開始不安
03:45
They asked themselves他們自己 the following以下 question.
87
210000
2000
大家想知道
03:47
They said, where are people going to find the morality道德,
88
212000
3000
從此,人們該從何學習倫理
03:50
where are they going to find guidance指導,
89
215000
2000
從何得到指引
03:52
and where are they going to find sources來源 of consolation安慰?
90
217000
2000
從何得到慰藉?
03:54
And influential有影響 voices聲音 came來了 up with one answer回答.
91
219000
2000
後來,有人認為答案是
03:56
They said culture文化.
92
221000
2000
「文化」
03:58
It's to culture文化 that we should look
93
223000
2000
我們會從文化獲得
04:00
for guidance指導, for consolation安慰, for morality道德.
94
225000
3000
指引、慰藉、和倫理
04:03
Let's look to the plays播放 of Shakespeare莎士比亞,
95
228000
2000
在莎士比亞的歌劇
04:05
the dialogues對話 of Plato柏拉圖, the novels小說 of Jane Austen奧斯丁.
96
230000
3000
柏拉圖《對話錄》和奧斯汀的小說裡
04:08
In there, we'll find a lot of the truths真理
97
233000
2000
我們可以找到許多真理
04:10
that we might威力 previously先前 have found發現 in the Gospel福音 of Saint John約翰.
98
235000
3000
許多我們曾經在約翰福音裡找到的真理
04:13
Now I think that's a very beautiful美麗 idea理念 and a very true真正 idea理念.
99
238000
3000
從文化中學習真理,我認為是很美好,而且切實的構思
04:16
They wanted to replace更換 scripture聖經 with culture文化.
100
241000
3000
以文化取代宗教
04:19
And that's a very plausible似是而非 idea理念.
101
244000
2000
非常可行
04:21
It's also an idea理念 that we have forgotten忘記了.
102
246000
4000
但我們早已把這想法拋諸腦後
04:25
If you went to a top最佳 university大學 --
103
250000
2000
如果你就讀某頂尖大學
04:27
let's say you went to Harvard哈佛 or Oxford牛津 or Cambridge劍橋 --
104
252000
2000
比方說,哈佛、牛津或劍橋
04:29
and you said, "I've come here
105
254000
2000
你說:「我來到這兒」
04:31
because I'm in search搜索 of morality道德, guidance指導 and consolation安慰;
106
256000
2000
「是為了追尋倫理、指引和慰藉」
04:33
I want to know how to live生活,"
107
258000
2000
「我想知道如果好好生活」
04:35
they would show顯示 you the way to the insane asylum避難所.
108
260000
3000
旁人會送你進精神病院
04:38
This is simply只是 not what our grandest宏偉的 and best最好 institutes機構 of higher更高 learning學習
109
263000
3000
這些尊貴的高等學府
04:41
are in the business商業 of.
110
266000
2000
並非為幫人追尋真理而設的
04:43
Why? They don't think we need it.
111
268000
2000
為甚麼?他們認定我們不需要幫助
04:45
They don't think we are in an urgent緊急 need of assistance幫助.
112
270000
3000
我們沒這逼切需要
04:48
They see us as adults成年人, rational合理的 adults成年人.
113
273000
2000
我們被視為成人,理智的成人
04:50
What we need is information信息.
114
275000
2000
我們被認為只需要資訊
04:52
We need data數據, we don't need help.
115
277000
2000
我們只需要數據,毋須幫忙
04:54
Now religions宗教 start開始 from a very different不同 place地點 indeed確實.
116
279000
3000
宗教的觀點則截然不同
04:57
All religions宗教, all major重大的 religions宗教,
117
282000
2000
所有宗教,所有主流宗教
04:59
at various各個 points call us children孩子.
118
284000
3000
總是稱教徒為「孩子」
05:02
And like children孩子,
119
287000
2000
像小孩一樣
05:04
they believe that we are in severe嚴重 need of assistance幫助.
120
289000
2000
急切地需要扶一把
05:06
We're only just holding保持 it together一起.
121
291000
2000
我們只是勉力維持現狀
05:08
Perhaps也許 this is just me, maybe you.
122
293000
2000
也許只有我是這樣想的,也許你也有如此想過
05:10
But anyway無論如何, we're only just holding保持 it together一起.
123
295000
3000
我們只是勉力維持現狀
05:13
And we need help. Of course課程, we need help.
124
298000
2000
我們需要幫忙,當然,我們需要幫助
05:15
And so we need guidance指導 and we need didactic教導的 learning學習.
125
300000
3000
我們需要指引,我們需要教導
05:18
You know, in the 18th century世紀 in the U.K.,
126
303000
2000
你知道,十八世紀英國
05:20
the greatest最大 preacher牧師, greatest最大 religious宗教 preacher牧師, was a man called John約翰 Wesley韋斯利,
127
305000
3000
曾有一位非常非常偉大的傳教士,名為約翰.衛斯理
05:23
who went up and down this country國家 delivering交付 sermons布道,
128
308000
3000
他走入鄉郊佈道
05:26
advising指導 people how they could live生活.
129
311000
2000
指導人們如果過活
05:28
He delivered交付 sermons布道 on the duties職責 of parents父母 to their children孩子
130
313000
2000
他向人宣導,講父母對子女應有之義
05:30
and children孩子 to their parents父母,
131
315000
2000
講子女對父母有何責任
05:32
the duties職責 of the rich豐富 to the poor較差的 and the poor較差的 to the rich豐富.
132
317000
2000
講富人與窮人之間的關係
05:34
He was trying to tell people how they should live生活
133
319000
2000
透過佈道
05:36
through通過 the medium of sermons布道,
134
321000
2000
他教人如何生活
05:38
the classic經典 medium of delivery交貨 of religions宗教.
135
323000
3000
佈道會是傳播宗教的經典形式
05:41
Now we've我們已經 given特定 up with the idea理念 of sermons布道.
136
326000
2000
但我們已摒棄佈道會
05:43
If you said to a modern現代 liberal自由主義的 individualist個人主義者,
137
328000
2000
如果你告訴一名自由主義者
05:45
"Hey, how about a sermon講道?"
138
330000
2000
「嘿,想去佈道會嗎?」
05:47
they'd他們會 go, "No, no. I don't need one of those.
139
332000
2000
他會回應道,「不,不用了,我不需要。」
05:49
I'm an independent獨立, individual個人 person."
140
334000
2000
「我是一個獨立的個體。」
05:51
What's the difference區別 between之間 a sermon講道
141
336000
2000
佈道會和現世用以傳播思想的講課
05:53
and our modern現代, secular世俗 mode模式 of delivery交貨, the lecture演講?
142
338000
3000
有何分別?
05:56
Well a sermon講道 wants to change更改 your life
143
341000
3000
佈道會嘗試改變你的生命
05:59
and a lecture演講 wants to give you a bit of information信息.
144
344000
3000
而講課向你提供更多資訊
06:02
And I think we need to get back to that sermon講道 tradition傳統.
145
347000
3000
我認為我們應該回到佈道會這傳統
06:05
The tradition傳統 of sermonizing說教 is hugely巨大 valuable有價值,
146
350000
2000
這是一項富有價值的傳統
06:07
because we are in need of guidance指導,
147
352000
2000
因為我們的確需要指引
06:09
morality道德 and consolation安慰 --
148
354000
2000
道德觀,和慰藉
06:11
and religions宗教 know that.
149
356000
2000
宗教懂得人們需要甚麼
06:13
Another另一個 point about education教育:
150
358000
2000
還有一點關於教育
06:15
we tend趨向 to believe in the modern現代 secular世俗 world世界
151
360000
2000
我們傾向相信在無神的現世裡
06:17
that if you tell someone有人 something once一旦, they'll他們會 remember記得 it.
152
362000
3000
你只須把事情說一遍,大家便會記得
06:20
Sit them in a classroom課堂, tell them about Plato柏拉圖
153
365000
2000
把二十歲的人們留在課室,說說柏拉圖
06:22
at the age年齡 of 20, send發送 them out for a career事業 in management管理 consultancy顧問 for 40 years年份,
154
367000
3000
然後讓他們在顧問公司打拼四十年
06:25
and that lesson will stick with them.
155
370000
2000
他們仍會牢牢記住柏拉圖的一課
06:27
Religions宗教 go, "Nonsense廢話.
156
372000
2000
宗教會認為這不可能
06:29
You need to keep repeating重複 the lesson 10 times a day.
157
374000
3000
你得每天向他們重複十遍才行
06:32
So get on your knees膝蓋 and repeat重複 it."
158
377000
2000
跪下,然後重複
06:34
That's what all religions宗教 tell us:
159
379000
2000
這就是宗教要求我們做的
06:36
"Get on you knees膝蓋 and repeat重複 it 10 or 20 or 15 times a day."
160
381000
3000
「跪下,每日重複十到二十遍。」
06:39
Otherwise除此以外 our minds頭腦 are like sieves.
161
384000
2000
否則我們會左耳進右耳出
06:41
So religions宗教 are cultures文化 of repetition重複.
162
386000
2000
換言之,宗教是重複的文化
06:43
They circle the great truths真理 again and again and again.
163
388000
2000
重要的真理,一而再,再而三地流傳
06:45
We associate關聯 repetition重複 with boredom無聊.
164
390000
2000
我們會把「重複」和「沈悶」聯想在一起
06:47
"Give us the new," we're always saying.
165
392000
2000
我們老是說「給點新意」
06:49
"The new is better than the old."
166
394000
2000
「新的當然比舊的好」
06:51
If I said to you, "Okay, we're not going to have new TEDTED.
167
396000
2000
如果我告訴:「好吧,我們不會再有新的TED
06:53
We're just going to run through通過 all the old ones那些
168
398000
2000
我們只會重看已有的TED
06:55
and watch them five times because they're so true真正.
169
400000
2000
每天看五次,因為它們說得太對了
06:57
We're going to watch Elizabeth伊麗莎白 Gilbert吉爾伯特 five times
170
402000
3000
我們將會每天重複聽伊利莎白.喬伯五次
07:00
because what she says is so clever聰明," you'd feel cheated被騙.
171
405000
3000
因為她的演說實在太機智了。」你會感到受騙
07:03
Not so if you're adopting採用 a religious宗教 mindset心態.
172
408000
2000
但用宗教的角度看,事情便不一樣了
07:05
The other things that religions宗教 do
173
410000
2000
除了重複,宗教還會
07:07
is to arrange安排 time.
174
412000
2000
安排時間
07:09
All the major重大的 religions宗教 give us calendars日曆.
175
414000
2000
所有主要宗教都有曆法
07:11
What is a calendar日曆?
176
416000
2000
甚麼是曆法?
07:13
A calendar日曆 is a way of making製造 sure that across橫過 the year
177
418000
3000
它是要確保我們在一年中
07:16
you will bump磕碰 into certain某些 very important重要 ideas思路.
178
421000
3000
總有那麼幾天會重溫一些重要的思想
07:19
In the Catholic天主教徒 chronology年表, Catholic天主教徒 calendar日曆,
179
424000
3000
對天主教徒而言
07:22
at the end結束 of March遊行 you will think about St. Jerome杰羅姆
180
427000
2000
每逢三月最後一天,他們會記起聖葉理諾
07:24
and his qualities氣質 of humility謙遜 and goodness善良
181
429000
2000
記起他的謙卑和善良
07:26
and his generosity慷慨 to the poor較差的.
182
431000
2000
還有他對窮人的慷慨
07:28
You won't慣於 do that by accident事故; you will do that because you are guided引導 to do that.
183
433000
3000
你不會無緣無故想起他,那是因為曆法提醒了你
07:31
Now we don't think that way.
184
436000
2000
我們現在不這麼想了
07:33
In the secular世俗 world世界 we think, "If an idea理念 is important重要, I'll bump磕碰 into it.
185
438000
2000
無神的世界裡,我們認為「如果這是一個重要的想法,我終究會遇上的
07:35
I'll just come across橫過 it."
186
440000
2000
終究會遇上的。」
07:37
Nonsense廢話, says the religious宗教 world世界 view視圖.
187
442000
2000
不可能,宗教如此認為
07:39
Religious宗教 view視圖 says we need calendars日曆, we need to structure結構體 time,
188
444000
3000
宗教認為人們需要曆法,人們需要為此安排時間
07:42
we need to synchronize同步 encounters遭遇.
189
447000
2000
人們需要同時紀念
07:44
This comes across橫過 also
190
449000
2000
同樣道理
07:46
in the way in which哪一個 religions宗教 set up rituals儀式
191
451000
2000
宗教為各樣情緒
07:48
around important重要 feelings情懷.
192
453000
2000
設立各項儀式
07:50
Take the Moon月亮. It's really important重要 to look at the Moon月亮.
193
455000
3000
比方說月亮。當你看著月亮時
07:53
You know, when you look at the Moon月亮,
194
458000
2000
你知道,當你看著它時
07:55
you think, "I'm really small. What are my problems問題?"
195
460000
2000
你會想,「我是很渺小的,我的困擾算甚麼?」
07:57
It sets things into perspective透視, etc等等., etc等等.
196
462000
2000
它使我們用不同觀點看待事物
07:59
We should all look at the Moon月亮 a bit more often經常. We don't.
197
464000
2000
我們都應該多點看月亮,但我們沒有
08:01
Why don't we? Well there's nothing to tell us, "Look at the Moon月亮."
198
466000
3000
為甚麼不?因為沒有人提醒我們,是時候注視月亮了
08:04
But if you're a Zen Buddhist佛教徒 in the middle中間 of September九月,
199
469000
3000
但如果你是禪宗佛教徒,每年九月中旬
08:07
you will be ordered有序 out of your home, made製作 to stand on a canonical典範 platform平台
200
472000
3000
你會受呼召離開家門,站到神壇上
08:10
and made製作 to celebrate慶祝 the festival of Tsukimi賞月,
201
475000
2000
慶祝月見節
08:12
where you will be given特定 poems to read
202
477000
2000
你會獲發頌詩
08:14
in honor榮譽 of the Moon月亮 and the passage通道 of time
203
479000
2000
以歌頌月亮,和時間的流浙
08:16
and the frailty脆弱 of life that it should remind提醒 us of.
204
481000
2000
並感悟生命的脆弱
08:18
You'll你會 be handed rice白飯 cakes蛋糕.
205
483000
2000
你會獲發米餅
08:20
And the Moon月亮 and the reflection反射 on the Moon月亮
206
485000
2000
於是月亮和它的倒影
08:22
will have a secure安全 place地點 in your heart.
207
487000
2000
便印在你心上
08:24
That's very good.
208
489000
2000
這一切都很好
08:26
The other thing that religions宗教 are really aware知道的 of
209
491000
2000
此外,宗教還察覺意到
08:28
is: speak說話 well --
210
493000
2000
大家該好好說話
08:30
I'm not doing a very good job工作 of this here --
211
495000
2000
我並不特別擅長說話
08:32
but oratory演講, oratory演講 is absolutely絕對 key to religions宗教.
212
497000
3000
但演講,演講絕對是宗教活動的核心
08:35
In the secular世俗 world世界, you can come through通過 the university大學 system系統 and be a lousy糟糕 speaker揚聲器
213
500000
3000
在去宗教化的現世,即使完成大學,你的演講還是可以很糟糕
08:38
and still have a great career事業.
214
503000
2000
但還是能找到工作
08:40
But the religious宗教 world世界 doesn't think that way.
215
505000
2000
但宗教世界不然
08:42
What you're saying needs需求 to be backed已備份 up
216
507000
2000
不管你說甚麼
08:44
by a really convincing使人信服 way of saying it.
217
509000
2000
都得讓人信服
08:46
So if you go to an African-American非裔美國人 PentecostalistPentecostalist church教會
218
511000
2000
如果你去美國南部的非裔美藉教堂
08:48
in the American美國 South
219
513000
2000
出席五旬節會
08:50
and you listen to how they talk,
220
515000
2000
聽聽他們如何演講
08:52
my goodness善良, they talk well.
221
517000
2000
天啊,說得真好
08:54
After every一切 convincing使人信服 point, people will go, "Amen阿門, amen阿門, amen阿門."
222
519000
3000
說到動人處,會眾會高呼「阿門,阿門,阿門」
08:57
At the end結束 of a really rousing扶正祛邪 paragraph, they'll他們會 all stand up,
223
522000
2000
在一段振奮人心的演辭,會眾會全體起立
08:59
and they'll他們會 go, "Thank you Jesus耶穌, thank you Christ基督, thank you Savior救主."
224
524000
3000
然後說「感謝耶穌,感謝基督,感謝救主」
09:02
If we were doing it like they do it --
225
527000
2000
現在如果我們照辦煮碗
09:04
let's not do it, but if we were to do it --
226
529000
3000
不用真的做,而是,想像我們會這麼做
09:07
I would tell you something like, "Culture文化 should replace更換 scripture聖經."
227
532000
2000
我說的內容,大概會是「文化應該取代宗教」
09:09
And you would go, "Amen阿門, amen阿門, amen阿門."
228
534000
2000
你們合該高呼「阿門,阿門,阿門」
09:11
And at the end結束 of my talk, you would all stand up
229
536000
2000
在我的演說結束後,你們都會起立
09:13
and you would go, "Thank you Plato柏拉圖, thank you Shakespeare莎士比亞, thank you Jane Austen奧斯丁."
230
538000
2000
然後說「感謝柏拉圖,感謝莎翁,感謝珍.奧斯汀」
09:15
And we'd星期三 know that we had a real真實 rhythm韻律 going.
231
540000
3000
我們有默契,知道一來一回的節奏
09:18
All right, all right. We're getting得到 there. We're getting得到 there.
232
543000
2000
好了,好了,快到重點了,快到重點了
09:20
(Applause掌聲)
233
545000
2000
(掌聲)
09:22
The other thing that religions宗教 know is we're not just brains大腦,
234
547000
2000
還有一點,宗教知道人們不止有理性的腦袋
09:24
we are also bodies身體.
235
549000
2000
我們還有肉身
09:26
And when they teach us a lesson,
236
551000
2000
宗教的教義
09:28
they do it via通過 the body身體.
237
553000
2000
教徒透過身體學習
09:30
So for example,
238
555000
2000
舉例說
09:32
take the Jewish猶太 idea理念 of forgiveness饒恕.
239
557000
2000
猶太教中「寬恕」的概念
09:34
Jews猶太人 are very interested有興趣 in forgiveness饒恕
240
559000
2000
猶太人對「寬恕」很上心
09:36
and how we should start開始 anew重新 and start開始 afresh重新.
241
561000
2000
認為寬恕之後是嶄新的開始
09:38
They don't just deliver交付 us sermons布道 on this.
242
563000
2000
他們不止有文字上的教義
09:40
They don't just give us books圖書 or words about this.
243
565000
2000
不止是書本或口述
09:42
They tell us to have a bath.
244
567000
2000
他們會讓你去洗個澡
09:44
So in Orthodox正統 Jewish猶太 communities社區, every一切 Friday星期五 you go to a Mikveh間mikveh.
245
569000
3000
在信奉正統猶太教的社區,逢星期五,他們會去淨身池
09:47
You immerse沉浸 yourself你自己 in the water,
246
572000
2000
把自己沈沒在水中
09:49
and a physical物理 action行動 backs up a philosophical哲學上 idea理念.
247
574000
3000
用身體行動實踐哲學理念
09:52
We don't tend趨向 to do that.
248
577000
2000
我們很少這麼做
09:54
Our ideas思路 are in one area and our behavior行為 with our bodies身體 is in another另一個.
249
579000
3000
我們所想,與我們所作,並不一致
09:57
Religions宗教 are fascinating迷人 in the way they try and combine結合 the two.
250
582000
2000
宗教引人入勝,因為它能把二者合而為一
09:59
Let's look at art藝術 now.
251
584000
2000
現在讓我們來看看藝術
10:01
Now art藝術 is something that in the secular世俗 world世界,
252
586000
3000
藝術在無神的世界裡
10:04
we think very highly高度 of. We think art藝術 is really, really important重要.
253
589000
3000
評價很高,我們認為它非常非常重要
10:07
A lot of our surplus剩餘 wealth財富 goes to museums博物館, etc等等.
254
592000
3000
許多剩餘財富都進貢到美術館去
10:10
We sometimes有時 hear it said
255
595000
2000
有這麼一個講法
10:12
that museums博物館 are our new cathedrals教堂, or our new churches教堂.
256
597000
3000
說美術館是新式教堂
10:15
You've heard聽說 that saying.
257
600000
2000
你聽過的
10:17
Now I think that the potential潛在 is there,
258
602000
2000
我認為美術館的確有此潛力
10:19
but we've我們已經 completely全然 let ourselves我們自己 down.
259
604000
2000
但我們沒把它發揮出來
10:21
And the reason原因 we've我們已經 let ourselves我們自己 down
260
606000
2000
其原因在於
10:23
is that we're not properly正確 studying研究
261
608000
2000
我們沒有好好研究
10:25
how religions宗教 handle處理 art藝術.
262
610000
4000
宗教如何看待藝術
10:29
The two really bad ideas思路 that are hovering徘徊 in the modern現代 world世界
263
614000
3000
現世有兩個很差勁的想法
10:32
that inhibit抑制 our capacity容量 to draw strength強度 from art藝術:
264
617000
4000
讓我們無法好好發揮藝術的力量
10:36
The first idea理念 is that art藝術 should be for art's藝術的 sake清酒 --
265
621000
2000
其一,藝術純為藝術而生
10:38
a ridiculous荒謬 idea理念 --
266
623000
2000
荒謬
10:40
an idea理念 that art藝術 should live生活 in a hermetic密閉 bubble泡沫
267
625000
2000
說藝術應該高深莫測
10:42
and should not try to do anything with this troubled苦惱 world世界.
268
627000
3000
並毋須回應世界的問題
10:45
I couldn't不能 disagree不同意 more.
269
630000
2000
我不能苟同
10:47
The other thing that we believe is that art藝術 shouldn't不能 explain說明 itself本身,
270
632000
3000
其二,藝術不應該不證自明
10:50
that artists藝術家 shouldn't不能 say what they're up to,
271
635000
2000
藝術家不應該讓人知道他想表達甚麼
10:52
because if they said it, it might威力 destroy破壞 the spell拼寫
272
637000
2000
因為,一旦說穿,藝術品就可能失去它的魅力
10:54
and we might威力 find it too easy簡單.
273
639000
2000
讓人覺得不過爾爾
10:56
That's why a very common共同 feeling感覺 when you're in a museum博物館 --
274
641000
2000
逛美術館時,你常有這種感覺
10:58
let's admit承認 it --
275
643000
2000
承認吧
11:00
is, "I don't know what this is about."
276
645000
2000
你常想「我不知道它想說的是甚麼」
11:02
But if we're serious嚴重 people, we don't admit承認 to that.
277
647000
2000
嚴肅認真的人都不願意承認
11:04
But that feeling感覺 of puzzlement困惑 is structural結構
278
649000
3000
在當代藝術世界裡,這種困惑是
11:07
to contemporary現代的 art藝術.
279
652000
3000
人人共享的
11:10
Now religions宗教 have a much saner理智的 attitude態度 to art藝術.
280
655000
2000
宗教在這方面比較清醒
11:12
They have no trouble麻煩 telling告訴 us what art藝術 is about.
281
657000
2000
挑明題旨,毫不扭捏
11:14
Art藝術 is about two things in all the major重大的 faiths信仰.
282
659000
2000
在主要宗教的觀念裡,藝術有兩樣功能
11:16
Firstly首先, it's trying to remind提醒 you
283
661000
2000
首先,它要提醒你
11:18
of what there is to love.
284
663000
2000
世上有何該愛
11:20
And secondly其次, it's trying to remind提醒 you
285
665000
2000
其二,它要提醒你
11:22
of what there is to fear恐懼 and to hate討厭.
286
667000
2000
世上有何該懼該厭
11:24
And that's what art藝術 is.
287
669000
2000
藝術便是如此
11:26
Art藝術 is a visceral內臟 encounter遭遇 with the most important重要 ideas思路 of your faith信仰.
288
671000
3000
藝術讓人以視覺接觸信仰
11:29
So as you walk步行 around a church教會,
289
674000
2000
在你逛會堂
11:31
or a mosque清真寺 or a cathedral大教堂,
290
676000
2000
或清真寺,或大教堂之時
11:33
what you're trying to imbibe吸收, what you're imbibing吸液 is,
291
678000
2000
你正透過雙眼
11:35
through通過 your eyes眼睛, through通過 your senses感官,
292
680000
2000
逐漸吸收
11:37
truths真理 that have otherwise除此以外 come to you through通過 your mind心神.
293
682000
2000
平時在學習的教義
11:39
Essentially實質上 it's propaganda宣傳.
294
684000
2000
本質上,這是一種鼓吹
11:41
Rembrandt倫勃朗 is a propagandist宣傳工作者
295
686000
2000
在宗教的角度來說
11:43
in the Christian基督教 view視圖.
296
688000
2000
林布蘭會是一名宣傳人員
11:45
Now the word "propaganda宣傳" sets off alarm報警 bells鐘聲.
297
690000
2000
如今,我們每逢提及「鼓吹」都會惹人警覺
11:47
We think of Hitler希特勒, we think of Stalin斯大林. Don't, necessarily一定.
298
692000
2000
我們會聯想起希特拉和斯大林。但,這是不必要的
11:49
Propaganda宣傳 is a manner方式 of being存在 didactic教導的 in honor榮譽 of something.
299
694000
3000
這只是一種宣揚理念的手法
11:52
And if that thing is good, there's no problem問題 with it at all.
300
697000
3000
如果理念是好的,這手法本身沒有問題
11:55
My view視圖 is that museums博物館 should take a leaf out of the book of religions宗教.
301
700000
4000
我認為美術館該向宗教學習
11:59
And they should make sure that when you walk步行 into a museum博物館 --
302
704000
2000
館長們應該確保當參觀者進入時──
12:01
if I was a museum博物館 curator館長,
303
706000
2000
假設我是一名導遊
12:03
I would make a room房間 for love, a room房間 for generosity慷慨.
304
708000
3000
我會設立以「愛」,或「慷慨」為主題的展覽廳
12:06
All works作品 of art藝術 are talking to us about things.
305
711000
2000
把所有主題一致的藝術品放在一起
12:08
And if we were able能夠 to arrange安排 spaces空間
306
713000
2000
如果空間充裕
12:10
where we could come across橫過 works作品
307
715000
2000
在我們觀賞藝術品的同時
12:12
where we would be told, use these works作品 of art藝術
308
717000
2000
我們可以同時獲知它的意義為何,並用它們
12:14
to cement水泥 these ideas思路 in your mind心神,
309
719000
2000
完滿我們對該主題的理解
12:16
we would get a lot more out of art藝術.
310
721000
2000
我們將會獲益良多
12:18
Art藝術 would pick up the duty義務 that it used to have
311
723000
3000
藝術將重新負起
12:21
and that we've我們已經 neglected被忽視的 because of certain某些 mis-founded誤成立 ideas思路.
312
726000
3000
那個曾一度因被誤導而被摒棄的責任
12:24
Art藝術 should be one of the tools工具
313
729000
2000
藝術應該是一個
12:26
by which哪一個 we improve提高 our society社會.
314
731000
2000
改善社會的工具
12:28
Art藝術 should be didactic教導的.
315
733000
3000
藝術應該具有教化作用
12:31
Let's think of something else其他.
316
736000
2000
讓我們再想多一點別的
12:33
The people in the modern現代 world世界, in the secular世俗 world世界,
317
738000
2000
在去宗教化的世界裡,有些人
12:35
who are interested有興趣 in matters事項 of the spirit精神,
318
740000
2000
熱衷於精神追求
12:37
in matters事項 of the mind心神,
319
742000
2000
熱衷於各種思想
12:39
in higher更高 soul-like靈魂般的 concerns關注,
320
744000
3000
熱衷於修養性靈
12:42
tend趨向 to be isolated孤立 individuals個人.
321
747000
2000
他們通常是孤身上路
12:44
They're poets詩人, they're philosophers哲學家, they're photographers攝影師, they're filmmakers電影製片人.
322
749000
3000
他們寫詩,鑽研哲學,攝影,拍戲
12:47
And they tend趨向 to be on their own擁有.
323
752000
2000
他們傾向獨立行動
12:49
They're our cottage茅屋 industries行業. They are vulnerable弱勢, single people.
324
754000
3000
他們像小型工作坊,不牢固,獨立於彼此
12:52
And they get depressed鬱悶 and they get sad傷心 on their own擁有.
325
757000
2000
他們獨自神傷
12:54
And they don't really change更改 much.
326
759000
2000
又無法真正甚麼改變
12:56
Now think about religions宗教, think about organized有組織的 religions宗教.
327
761000
2000
相比之下,宗教非常團結
12:58
What do organized有組織的 religions宗教 do?
328
763000
2000
團結何益?
13:00
They group together一起, they form形成 institutions機構.
329
765000
3000
教徒走在一起,組成組織
13:03
And that has all sorts排序 of advantages優點.
330
768000
2000
有很多好處
13:05
First of all, scale規模, might威力.
331
770000
3000
首先,規模和力量
13:08
The Catholic天主教徒 Church教會 pulled in 97 billion十億 dollars美元 last year
332
773000
3000
華爾街日報說
13:11
according根據 to the Wall Street Journal日誌.
333
776000
2000
天主教教會去年籌得97億元
13:13
These are massive大規模的 machines.
334
778000
2000
都是些龐大的架構
13:15
They're collaborative共同, they're branded品牌, they're multinational跨國,
335
780000
3000
他們同心合力,出師有名,跨越國界
13:18
and they're highly高度 disciplined紀律.
336
783000
2000
組織內高度紀律
13:20
These are all very good qualities氣質.
337
785000
2000
質素良好
13:22
We recognize認識 them in relation關係 to corporations公司.
338
787000
2000
就像大企業一樣
13:24
And corporations公司 are very like religions宗教 in many許多 ways方法,
339
789000
2000
大企業與宗教團體有許多共通點
13:26
except they're right down at the bottom底部 of the pyramid金字塔 of needs需求.
340
791000
2000
唯一分別在於企業所供給的,是位於需求金字塔最底層的物質
13:28
They're selling銷售 us shoes and cars汽車.
341
793000
2000
企業向人兜售鞋履和汽車
13:30
Whereas the people who are selling銷售 us the higher更高 stuff東東 --
342
795000
2000
而那些滿足我們較高層次需求的人,包括
13:32
the therapists治療師, the poets詩人 --
343
797000
2000
心理治療師,詩人等等
13:34
are on their own擁有 and they have no power功率,
344
799000
2000
個個獨自行事,並不強大
13:36
they have no might威力.
345
801000
2000
他們力量很有限
13:38
So religions宗教 are the foremost最重要的是 example
346
803000
3000
宗教團體是一個上佳的例子
13:41
of an institution機構 that is fighting戰鬥 for the things of the mind心神.
347
806000
3000
說明人類可以如何組織起來對抗世界潮流
13:44
Now we may可能 not agree同意 with what religions宗教 are trying to teach us,
348
809000
3000
即使我們不認同宗教的內容
13:47
but we can admire欣賞 the institutional制度 way
349
812000
2000
但我們可以欣賞他們如何組織起來
13:49
in which哪一個 they're doing it.
350
814000
2000
宣揚教義
13:51
Books圖書 alone單獨, books圖書 written書面 by lone孤單 individuals個人,
351
816000
3000
那些彼此獨立的作家們所寫的
13:54
are not going to change更改 anything.
352
819000
2000
無法改變甚麼
13:56
We need to group together一起.
353
821000
2000
我們必須組織起來
13:58
If you want to change更改 the world世界, you have to group together一起, you have to be collaborative共同.
354
823000
3000
如果你想改變世界,你必須組織起來,與人合作
14:01
And that's what religions宗教 do.
355
826000
2000
這正是宗教團體的做法
14:03
They are multinational跨國, as I say,
356
828000
2000
正如我所說,宗教團體是跨國的
14:05
they are branded品牌, they have a clear明確 identity身分,
357
830000
3000
他們出師有名,有明確的定位
14:08
so they don't get lost丟失 in a busy world世界.
358
833000
2000
不會在繁雜的世界迷失
14:10
That's something we can learn學習 from.
359
835000
2000
這是值得借鏡的地方
14:12
I want to conclude得出結論.
360
837000
2000
我想總結
14:14
Really what I want to say
361
839000
2000
我想說的是
14:16
is for many許多 of you who are operating操作 in a range範圍 of different不同 fields領域,
362
841000
3000
在座來自各行各業的觀眾們
14:19
there is something to learn學習 from the example of religion宗教 --
363
844000
3000
宗教裡有值得借鑑的地方
14:22
even if you don't believe any of it.
364
847000
3000
即使你不信教
14:25
If you're involved參與 in anything that's communal公社,
365
850000
2000
假如你活在群體裡
14:27
that involves涉及 lots of people getting得到 together一起,
366
852000
2000
一個包括許多人的群體裡
14:29
there are things for you in religion宗教.
367
854000
2000
那麼宗教裡有值得參考的例子
14:31
If you're involved參與, say, in a travel旅行 industry行業 in any way,
368
856000
3000
比方說,你在旅遊業工作
14:34
look at pilgrimage朝聖.
369
859000
2000
你可以參考一下「朝聖」這回事
14:36
Look very closely密切 at pilgrimage朝聖.
370
861000
2000
如果你認真想想
14:38
We haven't沒有 begun開始 to scratch the surface表面
371
863000
2000
我們幾乎完全沒想過
14:40
of what travel旅行 could be
372
865000
2000
「朝聖」對旅遊業
14:42
because we haven't沒有 looked看著 at what religions宗教 do with travel旅行.
373
867000
2000
可以有甚麼啟示
14:44
If you're in the art藝術 world世界,
374
869000
2000
如果你是藝術工作者
14:46
look at the example of what religions宗教 are doing with art藝術.
375
871000
2000
想想看,宗教如何處理藝術
14:48
And if you're an educator教育家 in any way,
376
873000
3000
如果你在教育界
14:51
again, look at how religions宗教 are spreading傳播 ideas思路.
377
876000
3000
想想看,宗教如何教化人
14:54
You may可能 not agree同意 with the ideas思路,
378
879000
2000
也許你不認同宗教的做法
14:56
but my goodness善良, they're highly高度 effective有效 mechanisms機制 for doing so.
379
881000
3000
但是,天啊,宗教的一套實在是太有效了
14:59
So really my concluding結論 point
380
884000
2000
所以,我的結論是
15:01
is you may可能 not agree同意 with religion宗教,
381
886000
2000
即使你不認同宗教
15:03
but at the end結束 of the day,
382
888000
2000
可是,宗教的內容確是
15:05
religions宗教 are so subtle微妙, so complicated複雜,
383
890000
2000
很精妙複雜
15:07
so intelligent智能 in many許多 ways方法
384
892000
2000
而且相當有智慧的
15:09
that they're not fit適合 to be abandoned to the religious宗教 alone單獨;
385
894000
3000
不應全盤否定
15:12
they're for all of us.
386
897000
2000
人人皆可從中受益
15:14
Thank you very much.
387
899000
2000
謝謝
15:16
(Applause掌聲)
388
901000
17000
(掌聲)
15:33
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: Now this is actually其實 a courageous勇敢 talk,
389
918000
2000
基斯.安迪臣:這真是一個很勇敢的演說
15:35
because you're kind of setting設置 up yourself你自己 in some ways方法
390
920000
2000
因為這樣說,你讓自己
15:37
to be ridiculed in some quarters住處.
391
922000
2000
很容易被人挑剔
15:39
ABAB: You can get shot射擊 by both sides雙方.
392
924000
2000
迪布頓:腹背受敵
15:41
You can get shot射擊 by the hard-headed頭腦冷靜 atheists無神論者,
393
926000
2000
頑固的無神論者批評你
15:43
and you can get shot射擊 by those who fully充分 believe.
394
928000
3000
虔誠教徒也會批評你
15:46
CACA: Incoming missiles導彈 from North Oxford牛津 at any moment時刻.
395
931000
2000
安迪臣:隨時有導彈從牛津北部向你發射
15:48
ABAB: Indeed確實.
396
933000
2000
迪布頓:的確如此
15:50
CACA: But you left out one aspect方面 of religion宗教
397
935000
3000
安迪臣:你似乎說漏了宗教中的一環
15:53
that a lot of people might威力 say
398
938000
2000
許多人會說
15:55
your agenda議程 could borrow from,
399
940000
2000
你所提倡的
15:57
which哪一個 is this sense --
400
942000
2000
有個說法是
15:59
that's actually其實 probably大概 the most important重要 thing to anyone任何人 who's誰是 religious宗教 --
401
944000
2000
其實教徒從宗教中獲得最最重要的
16:01
of spiritual精神 experience經驗,
402
946000
2000
屬靈體驗
16:03
of some kind of connection連接
403
948000
2000
是某種關連
16:05
with something that's bigger than you are.
404
950000
2000
連接教徒,和一個比他更偉大的存在
16:07
Is there any room房間 for that experience經驗 in Atheism無神論 2.0?
405
952000
3000
無神論2.0中,有沒有類似的體驗?
16:10
ABAB: Absolutely絕對. I, like many許多 of you, meet遇到 people
406
955000
3000
迪布頓:當然,我也認識不少人
16:13
who say things like, "But isn't there something bigger than us,
407
958000
3000
說「難道世上沒有比我們
16:16
something else其他?"
408
961000
2000
人類更偉大的存在嗎?」
16:18
And I say, "Of course課程." And they say, "So aren't you sort分類 of religious宗教?"
409
963000
3000
我說「當然有的」。然後他們說,「那你就是認同宗教囉?」
16:21
And I go, "No." Why does that sense of mystery神秘,
410
966000
3000
我接著說「不是的」。為甚麼這種奇異感動
16:24
that sense of the dizzying令人目不暇接 scale規模 of the universe宇宙,
411
969000
3000
被宇宙的偉大所觸動
16:27
need to be accompanied伴隨著 by a mystical神秘 feeling感覺?
412
972000
3000
不得不與神怪扯上關係?
16:30
Science科學 and just observation意見
413
975000
2000
科學和精準的觀察
16:32
gives us that feeling感覺 without it,
414
977000
2000
也可以在不談神怪的情況下,觸動人
16:34
so I don't feel the need.
415
979000
2000
我不認為有這個必要
16:36
The universe宇宙 is large and we are tiny,
416
981000
2000
宇宙浩瀚,而人類渺小
16:38
without the need for further進一步 religious宗教 superstructure上層建築.
417
983000
4000
這不需要宗教的超自然學說
16:42
So one can have so-called所謂 spiritual精神 moments瞬間
418
987000
2000
在不相信神怪的前提下
16:44
without belief信仰 in the spirit精神.
419
989000
2000
也能有「屬靈體驗」
16:46
CACA: Actually其實, let me just ask a question.
420
991000
2000
安迪臣:讓我問一個問題
16:48
How many許多 people here would say
421
993000
2000
在場各位有誰認為
16:50
that religion宗教 is important重要 to them?
422
995000
2000
對他而言,宗教是不可或缺的?
16:54
Is there an equivalent當量 process處理
423
999000
3000
到底有沒有一個類似的說法
16:57
by which哪一個 there's a sort分類 of bridge
424
1002000
2000
可以讓他們從另一個方向理解
16:59
between之間 what you're talking about and what you would say to them?
425
1004000
3000
理解你剛才所說的?
17:02
ABAB: I would say that there are many許多, many許多 gaps空白 in secular世俗 life
426
1007000
2000
迪布頓:我認為無神論的世界的而且確是千瘡百孔,充滿缺口的
17:04
and these can be plugged.
427
1009000
2000
這些缺口可用宗教填滿
17:06
It's not as though雖然, as I try to suggest建議,
428
1011000
2000
這並不是說
17:08
it's not as though雖然 either you have religion宗教
429
1013000
2000
要麼你選擇宗教
17:10
and then you have to accept接受 all sorts排序 of things,
430
1015000
2000
同時選擇它的全部
17:12
or you don't have religion宗教
431
1017000
2000
要麼你摒棄宗教
17:14
and then you're cut off from all these very good things.
432
1019000
3000
同時拒絕一切可取之處
17:17
It's so sad傷心 that we constantly經常 say,
433
1022000
3000
我們常聽說:「我不信教
17:20
"I don't believe so I can't have community社區,
434
1025000
2000
於是我沒有社群
17:22
so I'm cut off from morality道德,
435
1027000
2000
於是我脫離道德價值
17:24
so I can't go on a pilgrimage朝聖."
436
1029000
2000
於是我便不能踏上朝聖之路。」這樣很可憐
17:26
One wants to say, "Nonsense廢話. Why not?"
437
1031000
2000
有人會問:「無聊。為甚麼不?」
17:28
And that's really the spirit精神 of my talk.
438
1033000
2000
這正正是我演說的中心思想
17:30
There's so much we can absorb吸收.
439
1035000
2000
宗教有太多可取之處
17:32
Atheism無神論 shouldn't不能 cut itself本身 off from the rich豐富 sources來源 of religion宗教.
440
1037000
3000
無神論不應該拒絕宗教裡豐富的內涵
17:35
CACA: It seems似乎 to me that there's plenty豐富 of people in the TEDTED community社區
441
1040000
3000
安迪臣:在TED群體中,似乎有頗多人
17:38
who are atheists無神論者.
442
1043000
2000
是無神論者
17:40
But probably大概 most people in the community社區
443
1045000
2000
也許大部份人認為
17:42
certainly當然 don't think that religion宗教 is going away any time soon不久
444
1047000
3000
短時間內,宗教是不可能消失的
17:45
and want to find the language語言
445
1050000
2000
他們想找到合適的語言
17:47
to have a constructive建設性 dialogue對話
446
1052000
3000
作有建設性的對話
17:50
and to feel like we can actually其實 talk to each other
447
1055000
2000
讓人感到彼此之間的確可以溝通
17:52
and at least最小 share分享 some things in common共同.
448
1057000
2000
或者最少有些共同點
17:54
Are we foolish to be optimistic樂觀
449
1059000
2000
這樣想是否太傻太樂觀呢?
17:56
about the possibility可能性 of a world世界
450
1061000
2000
這世界是否可以
17:58
where, instead代替 of religion宗教 being存在 the great rallying振臂 cry
451
1063000
3000
不讓有神無神之爭
18:01
of divide劃分 and war戰爭,
452
1066000
2000
分裂世界
18:03
that there could be bridging橋接?
453
1068000
2000
我們是否有彼此溝通了解的可能性呢?
18:05
ABAB: No, we need to be polite有禮貌 about differences分歧.
454
1070000
3000
迪布頓:這想法不傻。只要我們懂得和而不同。
18:08
Politeness禮貌 is a much-overlooked備受忽視 virtue美德.
455
1073000
2000
我們經常忘記禮儀
18:10
It's seen看到 as hypocrisy假意.
456
1075000
2000
它聽起來太虛偽
18:12
But we need to get to a stage階段 when you're an atheist無神論者
457
1077000
2000
但到某時候,一個教徒會對你說
18:14
and someone有人 says, "Well you know, I did pray祈禱 the other day,"
458
1079000
3000
「你知道,我那天有祈禱」
18:17
you politely禮貌 ignore忽視 it.
459
1082000
2000
而你禮貌地無視之
18:19
You move移動 on.
460
1084000
2000
該幹嘛幹嘛去
18:21
Because you've agreed約定 on 90 percent百分 of things,
461
1086000
3000
因為你們兩個能認同九成以上的事物
18:24
because you have a shared共享 view視圖 on so many許多 things,
462
1089000
2000
你們的世界觀有許多相通之處
18:26
and you politely禮貌 differ不同.
463
1091000
2000
故能達致和而不同
18:28
And I think that's what the religious宗教 wars戰爭 of late晚了 have ignored忽視.
464
1093000
4000
我認為近代的有神無神之爭,忽略了這一點
18:32
They've他們已經 ignored忽視 the possibility可能性 of harmonious和諧 disagreement異議.
465
1097000
3000
大家忘了其實彼此是可以和而不同的
18:36
CACA: And finally最後, does this new thing that you're proposing建議
466
1101000
2000
安迪臣:最後,你提倡的無神論2.0
18:38
that's not a religion宗教 but something else其他,
467
1103000
2000
本身並非一個宗教
18:40
does it need a leader領導,
468
1105000
2000
但它需要一個領袖嗎
18:42
and are you volunteering志願服務 to be the pope教皇?
469
1107000
2000
而你是否願意當無神論者的教宗?
18:44
(Laughter笑聲)
470
1109000
2000
(笑聲)
18:46
ABAB: Well, one thing that we're all very suspicious可疑 of
471
1111000
2000
迪布頓:唔,我們對個人領袖
18:48
is individual個人 leaders領導者.
472
1113000
2000
非常警剔
18:50
It doesn't need it.
473
1115000
2000
無神論不需要領袖
18:52
What I've tried試著 to lay鋪設 out is a framework骨架
474
1117000
2000
我剛才所言,只是一個理論框架
18:54
and I'm hoping希望 that people can just fill it in.
475
1119000
3000
我希望大家可以自由發揮,付諸實行
18:57
I've sketched草圖 a sort分類 of broad廣闊 framework骨架.
476
1122000
2000
我只是勾勒出一個大概的結構
18:59
But wherever哪裡 you are, as I say, if you're in the travel旅行 industry行業, do that travel旅行 bit.
477
1124000
3000
但不論你是誰,比如說你是旅遊業者,就做旅遊那一塊
19:02
If you're in the communal公社 industry行業, look at religion宗教 and do the communal公社 bit.
478
1127000
3000
如果你活在社群裡,做社群的工作
19:05
So it's a wiki維基 project項目.
479
1130000
2000
這其實是個維基百科
19:07
(Laughter笑聲)
480
1132000
2000
(笑聲)
19:09
CACA: Alain阿蘭, thank you for sparking火花 many許多 conversations對話 later後來.
481
1134000
3000
安迪臣:雅倫,謝謝你精彩的演說
19:12
(Applause掌聲)
482
1137000
3000
(鼓掌)
Translated by Sandy Li
Reviewed by Shelley Krishna R. TSANG

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alain de Botton - Philosopher
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday.

Why you should listen

It started in 1997, when Alain de Botton turned away from writing novels and instead wrote a touching extended essay titled How Proust Can Change Your Life, which became an unlikely blockbuster in the "self-help"category. His subsequent books take on some of the fundamental worries of modern life (am I happy? where exactly do I stand?), informed by his deep reading in philosophy and by a novelist's eye for small, perfect moments. His newest book is The Pleasures and Sorrows of Work.

In 2008, de Botton helped start the School of Life in London, a social enterprise determined to make learning and therapy relevant in today's uptight culture. His goal is (through any of his mediums) to help clients learn "how to live wisely and well."

More profile about the speaker
Alain de Botton | Speaker | TED.com