TEDGlobal 2011
Alain de Botton: Atheism 2.0
Alain de Botton: Ateizam 2.0
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Koje aspekte religije bi ateisti (s poštovanjem) trebali usvojiti? Alain de Botton predlaže „religiju za ateiste“ -- zove ju Ateizam 2.0 -- koja ujedinjuje religijske oblike i tradicije kako bi zadovoljila naše ljudske potrebe za povezivanjem, obredom i transcendentalnim.
Alain de Botton - Philosopher
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday. Full bio
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
One of the most common ways of dividing the world
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Jedan od najčešćih načina u dijeljenju svijeta
00:18
is into those who believe
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jest na one koji vjeruju
00:20
and those who don't --
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i one koji ne vjeruju --
00:22
into the religious and the atheists.
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na religiozne i ateiste.
00:25
And for the last decade or so,
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Tijekom posljednjih desetak godina
00:27
it's been quite clear
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postalo je prilično jasno
00:29
what being an atheist means.
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što znači biti ateist.
00:31
There have been some very vocal atheists
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Postojali su neki veoma glasni ateisti
00:34
who've pointed out,
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koji su istaknuli da
00:36
not just that religion is wrong,
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religija nije samo pogrešna,
00:38
but that it's ridiculous.
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već da je i smiješna.
00:40
These people, many of whom have lived in North Oxford,
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Ti su ljudi, od kojih mnogi žive u sjevernom Oxfordu
00:43
have argued --
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raspravljali --
00:45
they've argued that believing in God
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raspravljali o tome kako je vjerovanje u Boga
00:48
is akin to believing in fairies
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jednako kao vjerovanje u vile
00:50
and essentially that the whole thing
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i da je u suštini ta
00:52
is a childish game.
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cijela stvar djetinjasta igra.
00:54
Now I think it's too easy.
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Ja smatram da je to prejednostavno.
00:56
I think it's too easy
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Smatram kako je prejednostavo
00:58
to dismiss the whole of religion that way.
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odbaciti cijelu religiju na taj način.
01:01
And it's as easy as shooting fish in a barrel.
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I to je jednako jednostavno kao pucanje u ribu koja se nalazi u bačvi.
01:03
And what I'd like to inaugurate today
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Ono što bih danas želio započeti
01:05
is a new way of being an atheist --
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je nov način kako biti ateist --
01:07
if you like, a new version of atheism
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ako vam se sviđa, novu verziju ateizma
01:10
we could call Atheism 2.0.
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bismo mogli nazvati Ateizam 2.0.
01:13
Now what is Atheism 2.0?
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Dakle, što je Ateizam 2.0?
01:15
Well it starts from a very basic premise:
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Počinje s veoma osnovnom pretpostavkom:
01:17
of course, there's no God.
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naravno, nema Boga.
01:20
Of course, there are no deities or supernatural spirits
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Naravno, nema božanstava ni nadnaravnih duhova
01:23
or angels, etc.
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ili anđela itd.
01:25
Now let's move on; that's not the end of the story,
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A sada nastavimo dalje; to nije kraj priče,
01:28
that's the very, very beginning.
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to je sami početak.
01:31
I'm interested in the kind of constituency
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Zainteresiran sam za vrstu birača
01:34
that thinks something along these lines:
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koji misle nešto poput ovih rečenica:
01:36
that thinks, "I can't believe in any of this stuff.
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koji misle, „Ne mogu vjerovati ni u što od tih stvari.
01:38
I can't believe in the doctrines.
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Ne mogu vjerovati u nauku.
01:41
I don't think these doctrines are right.
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Mislim da nauke nisu točne.
01:43
But," a very important but, "I love Christmas carols.
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Ali,“ jedno veoma važno ali, „volim božićne pjesme.
01:47
I really like the art of Mantegna.
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Stvarno mi se sviđa Mantegnina umjetnost.
01:50
I really like looking at old churches.
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Stvarno volim gledati stare crkve.
01:52
I really like turning the pages of the Old Testament."
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Volim listati Stari Zavjet.“
01:55
Whatever it may be,
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Što god da to je,
01:57
you know the kind of thing I'm talking about --
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znate o čemu pričam --
01:59
people who are attracted to the ritualistic side,
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ljudi koji su privučeni ritualnom stranom,
02:01
the moralistic, communal side of religion,
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moralnom, javnom stranom religije,
02:04
but can't bear the doctrine.
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ali ne mogu podnijeti dogmu.
02:06
Until now, these people have faced a rather unpleasant choice.
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Do sada, ti ljudi su se susretali s relativno neugodnim izborom.
02:09
It's almost as though either you accept the doctrine
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Gotovo je jednako teško prihvatite li vi dogmu
02:12
and then you can have all the nice stuff,
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i onda možete imati sve lijepe stvari
02:14
or you reject the doctrine and
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ili odbijete dogmu i
02:16
you're living in some kind of spiritual wasteland
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živite u nekoj vrsti duhovne pustinje
02:18
under the guidance of CNN and Walmart.
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pod vodstvom CNN-a i Walmarta.
02:20
So that's a sort of tough choice.
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To je na neki način težak izbor.
02:22
I don't think we have to make that choice.
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Mislim da ne moramo odlučiti.
02:24
I think there is an alternative.
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Mislim da postoji alternativa.
02:26
I think there are ways --
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Mislim da postoje načini --
02:28
and I'm being both very respectful and completely impious --
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i veoma ih i poštujem i potpuno sam nepobožan --
02:31
of stealing from religions.
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prema krađi iz religija.
02:33
If you don't believe in a religion,
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Ako ne vjerujete u religiju
02:35
there's nothing wrong with picking and mixing,
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onda nema ništa loše u prebiranju i miješanju
02:37
with taking out the best sides of religion.
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uzimajući najbolje strane religije.
02:40
And for me, atheism 2.0
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A za mene, ateizam 2.0
02:42
is about both, as I say,
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upravo ima oboje, kao što kažem
02:44
a respectful and an impious way
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poštovanje i nepobožan način
02:47
of going through religions and saying, "What here could we use?"
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kretanja kroz religiju uz riječi, „Što bismo ovdje mogli upotrijebiti?“
02:50
The secular world is full of holes.
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Sekularni je svijet pun rupa.
02:52
We have secularized badly, I would argue.
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Raspravio bih o tome kako smo opako zastranili u svjetovno.
02:55
And a thorough study of religion
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I temeljita studija religije
02:57
could give us all sorts of insights
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bi nam mogla dati razne vrste uvida
02:59
into areas of life that are not going too well.
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u područja života koji ne idu baš dobro.
03:02
And I'd like to run through a few of these today.
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Danas bih želio proći nekoliko njih.
03:06
I'd like to kick off by looking at education.
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Želio bih započeti gledajući obrazovanje.
03:09
Now education is a field
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Obrazovanje je područje
03:11
the secular world really believes in.
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u koje svjetovni svijet zaista vjeruje.
03:13
When we think about how we're going to make the world a better place,
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Kad razmišljamo o tome kako ćemo svijet učiniti boljim mjestom,
03:15
we think education; that's where we put a lot of money.
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sjetimo se obrazovanja; u to ulažemo veliku količinu novca.
03:18
Education is going to give us, not only commercial skills, industrial skills,
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Obrazovanje će nam dati, ne samo trgovačke vještine, industrijske vještine
03:21
it's also going to make us better people.
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već će nas učiniti i boljim ljudima.
03:23
You know the kind of thing a commencement address is, and graduation ceremonies,
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Znate one stvari poput promocija i proslava mature,
03:26
those lyrical claims
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ti lirski zahtjevi
03:28
that education, the process of education -- particularly higher education --
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koji obrazovanje, čiji će nas tijek obrazovanja -- pogotovo u višim stadijima obrazovanja --
03:31
will make us into nobler and better human beings.
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učiniti plemenitijim i boljim ljudskim bićima.
03:34
That's a lovely idea.
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To je divna ideja.
03:36
Interesting where it came from.
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Zanimljivo je odakle je došla.
03:38
In the early 19th century,
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Početkom 19. stoljeća,
03:40
church attendance in Western Europe
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dolasci u crkvu u Zapadnoj Europi
03:42
started sliding down very, very sharply, and people panicked.
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počeli su opadati i to veoma, veoma oštro te su ljudi počeli paničariti.
03:45
They asked themselves the following question.
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Počeli su se zapitkivati sljedeće.
03:47
They said, where are people going to find the morality,
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Rekli su, gdje će ljudi pronaći moralnost,
03:50
where are they going to find guidance,
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gdje će pronaći navođenje
03:52
and where are they going to find sources of consolation?
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i gdje će pronaći izvore utjehe?
03:54
And influential voices came up with one answer.
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Utjecajni glasovi su smislili odgovor.
03:56
They said culture.
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Rekli su da je to kultura.
03:58
It's to culture that we should look
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U kulturi bismo trebali potražiti
04:00
for guidance, for consolation, for morality.
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navođenje, utjehu, moralnost.
04:03
Let's look to the plays of Shakespeare,
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Pogledajmo Shakespearova djela,
04:05
the dialogues of Plato, the novels of Jane Austen.
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Platonove dijaloge, romane Jane Austen.
04:08
In there, we'll find a lot of the truths
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Tamo ćemo naći mnogo istina
04:10
that we might previously have found in the Gospel of Saint John.
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koje smo prije pronalazili u Evanđelju svetog Ivana.
04:13
Now I think that's a very beautiful idea and a very true idea.
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Mislim da je to veoma divna zamisao i veoma istinita zamisao.
04:16
They wanted to replace scripture with culture.
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Željeli su zamijeniti Sveto pismo kulturom.
04:19
And that's a very plausible idea.
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I to je vrlo ostvariva zamisao.
04:21
It's also an idea that we have forgotten.
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To je također zamisao koju smo zaboravili.
04:25
If you went to a top university --
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Ako ste išli na vrhunski fakultet --
04:27
let's say you went to Harvard or Oxford or Cambridge --
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recimo da ste išli na Harvard ili Oxford ili Cambridge --
04:29
and you said, "I've come here
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i rekli ste, „Došao sam ovamo
04:31
because I'm in search of morality, guidance and consolation;
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jer sam u potrazi za moralnošću, navođenjem i utjehom;
04:33
I want to know how to live,"
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želim znati kako živjeti“,
04:35
they would show you the way to the insane asylum.
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pokazali bi vam put do ustanove za mentalne bolesnike.
04:38
This is simply not what our grandest and best institutes of higher learning
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To jednostavno nije ono što naše najveće i najbolje institucije visokog obrazovanja
04:41
are in the business of.
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rade.
04:43
Why? They don't think we need it.
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Zašto? Ne misle da nam to treba.
04:45
They don't think we are in an urgent need of assistance.
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Ne misle da imamo stalnu potrebu za pomoći.
04:48
They see us as adults, rational adults.
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Vide nas kao odrasle, racionalne odrasle.
04:50
What we need is information.
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Ono što trebamo je informacija.
04:52
We need data, we don't need help.
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Trebamo podatke, ne trebamo pomoć.
04:54
Now religions start from a very different place indeed.
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Ustvari, religije počinju u potpuno drugačijem mjestu.
04:57
All religions, all major religions,
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Sve religije, sve glavne religije
04:59
at various points call us children.
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u raznim nas trenucima zovu djecom.
05:02
And like children,
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I poput djece,
05:04
they believe that we are in severe need of assistance.
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one vjeruju da imamo ozbiljnu potrebu za pomoći.
05:06
We're only just holding it together.
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Mi samo nekako uspijevamo to držati zajedno.
05:08
Perhaps this is just me, maybe you.
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Možda sam to samo ja, možda ti.
05:10
But anyway, we're only just holding it together.
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Kako god, mi to samo držimo zajedno.
05:13
And we need help. Of course, we need help.
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I treba nam pomoć. Naravno da nam treba pomoć.
05:15
And so we need guidance and we need didactic learning.
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I zato trebamo navođenje i trebamo didaktičko učenje.
05:18
You know, in the 18th century in the U.K.,
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Znate, u 18. stoljeću u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu,
05:20
the greatest preacher, greatest religious preacher, was a man called John Wesley,
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najveći propovjednik, navjeći religiozni propovjednik je bio čovjek imenom John Wesley
05:23
who went up and down this country delivering sermons,
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koji je išao uzduž i poprijeko ove zemlje držeći propovijedi,
05:26
advising people how they could live.
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savjetujući ljude kako bi mogli živjeti.
05:28
He delivered sermons on the duties of parents to their children
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Držao je propovijedi o dužnostima roditelja prema djeci
05:30
and children to their parents,
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i djece prema njihovim roditeljima,
05:32
the duties of the rich to the poor and the poor to the rich.
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o dužnostima bogatih prema siromašnima i siromašnih prema bogatima.
05:34
He was trying to tell people how they should live
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Pokušavao je reći ljudima kako trebaju živjeti
05:36
through the medium of sermons,
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kroz medij propovijedi,
05:38
the classic medium of delivery of religions.
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klasični medij dostavljanja religija.
05:41
Now we've given up with the idea of sermons.
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Sad smo odustali od ideje propovijedi.
05:43
If you said to a modern liberal individualist,
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Kada biste modernoj liberalnoj individui rekli,
05:45
"Hey, how about a sermon?"
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„Hej, što kažeš na propovijed?“,
05:47
they'd go, "No, no. I don't need one of those.
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rekli bi, „Ne, ne. Ne treba mi to.
05:49
I'm an independent, individual person."
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Ja sam neovisna, zasebna osoba.“
05:51
What's the difference between a sermon
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Koja je razlika između propovijedi
05:53
and our modern, secular mode of delivery, the lecture?
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i našeg modernog, svjetovnog načina dostavljanja -- predavanja?
05:56
Well a sermon wants to change your life
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Pa, propovjednik želi promijeniti vaš život,
05:59
and a lecture wants to give you a bit of information.
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a predavač vam želi dati malo informacija.
06:02
And I think we need to get back to that sermon tradition.
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I smatram kako se trebamo vratiti na tu tradiciju propovijedanja.
06:05
The tradition of sermonizing is hugely valuable,
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Tradicija propovijedanja veoma je cijenjena
06:07
because we are in need of guidance,
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jer nam je potrebno navođenje,
06:09
morality and consolation --
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moralnost i utjeha --
06:11
and religions know that.
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a religije to znaju.
06:13
Another point about education:
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Još jedna stvar u vezi obrazovanja:
06:15
we tend to believe in the modern secular world
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naginjemo tome da u modernom sekularnom svijetu
06:17
that if you tell someone something once, they'll remember it.
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vjerujemo da ako nekome nešto jednom kažete, da će to zapamtiti.
06:20
Sit them in a classroom, tell them about Plato
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Posjednite ih u učionicu, pričajte im o Platonu
06:22
at the age of 20, send them out for a career in management consultancy for 40 years,
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dok imaju 20 godina, pošaljite ih po karijeru u poslovnom savjetovanju na 40 godina
06:25
and that lesson will stick with them.
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i to će im predavanje ostati u glavi.
06:27
Religions go, "Nonsense.
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Religije kažu, „Glupost.
06:29
You need to keep repeating the lesson 10 times a day.
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Morate im ponavljati predavanja deset puta na dan.
06:32
So get on your knees and repeat it."
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Kleknite i ponavljajte.“
06:34
That's what all religions tell us:
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To nam sve religije kažu:
06:36
"Get on you knees and repeat it 10 or 20 or 15 times a day."
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„Kleknite i ponovite to 10 ili 20 ili 15 puta dnevno.“
06:39
Otherwise our minds are like sieves.
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U suprotnom su nam umovi poput sita.
06:41
So religions are cultures of repetition.
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Dakle, religije su kulture ponavljanja.
06:43
They circle the great truths again and again and again.
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Obilaze velike istine ponovo i ponovo i ponovo.
06:45
We associate repetition with boredom.
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Mi vežemo ponavljanje s dosadom.
06:47
"Give us the new," we're always saying.
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„Dajte nam novo“, uvijek govorimo.
06:49
"The new is better than the old."
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„Novo je bolje od starog.“
06:51
If I said to you, "Okay, we're not going to have new TED.
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Da vam kažem, „U redu, nećemo imati novi TED.
06:53
We're just going to run through all the old ones
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Samo ćemo proći kroz sve stare
06:55
and watch them five times because they're so true.
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i gledati ih pet puta jer su tako istiniti.
06:57
We're going to watch Elizabeth Gilbert five times
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Gledat ćemo Elizabeth Gilbert pet puta
07:00
because what she says is so clever," you'd feel cheated.
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jer ono što ona kaže tako je pametno“, osjećali biste se prevareno.
07:03
Not so if you're adopting a religious mindset.
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No nije tako, ako usvajate religiozno razmišljanje.
07:05
The other things that religions do
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Druga stvar koju religije rade
07:07
is to arrange time.
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je raspored vremena.
07:09
All the major religions give us calendars.
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Sve nam glavne religije daju kalendare.
07:11
What is a calendar?
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Što je kalendar?
07:13
A calendar is a way of making sure that across the year
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Kalendar je način na koji osiguravate da ćete tijekom godine
07:16
you will bump into certain very important ideas.
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naletjeti na određene veoma važne misli.
07:19
In the Catholic chronology, Catholic calendar,
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U katoličkoj kronologiji, katoličkom kalendaru,
07:22
at the end of March you will think about St. Jerome
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na kraju ožujka ćete pomisliti na sv. Jeronima
07:24
and his qualities of humility and goodness
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i njegove kvalitete poniznosti i dobrote
07:26
and his generosity to the poor.
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i njegove velikodušnosti prema siromašnima.
07:28
You won't do that by accident; you will do that because you are guided to do that.
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To nećete slučajno učiniti; učinit ćete to zato što ste navedeni da to učinite.
07:31
Now we don't think that way.
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Mi ne mislimo na taj način.
07:33
In the secular world we think, "If an idea is important, I'll bump into it.
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U sekularnom svijetu mi mislimo, „Ako je ideja važna, naletjet ću na nju.
07:35
I'll just come across it."
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Samo će mi sinuti.“
07:37
Nonsense, says the religious world view.
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Glupost, kaže religiozni pogled na svijet.
07:39
Religious view says we need calendars, we need to structure time,
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Religiozni pogled na svijet kaže da trebamo kalendare, trebamo strukturirati vrijeme,
07:42
we need to synchronize encounters.
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moramo sinkronizirati susrete.
07:44
This comes across also
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Ovo se također isprepliće
07:46
in the way in which religions set up rituals
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u načinu na koji religije postavljaju rituale
07:48
around important feelings.
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oko važnih osjećaja.
07:50
Take the Moon. It's really important to look at the Moon.
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Uzmite za primjer Mjesec.Veoma je važno gledati u Mjesec.
07:53
You know, when you look at the Moon,
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Znate, kad gledate u Mjesec,
07:55
you think, "I'm really small. What are my problems?"
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razmišljate, „Doista sam malen. Koji su moji problemi?“
07:57
It sets things into perspective, etc., etc.
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To stavlja stvari u određenu perspektivu, itd., itd.
07:59
We should all look at the Moon a bit more often. We don't.
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Svi bismo ćešće trebali gledati u Mjesec. Ne radimo to.
08:01
Why don't we? Well there's nothing to tell us, "Look at the Moon."
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Zašto ne? Pa, ništa nam ne govori, „Gledaj u Mjesec.“
08:04
But if you're a Zen Buddhist in the middle of September,
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Ali ako ste Zen Budist, sredinom rujna
08:07
you will be ordered out of your home, made to stand on a canonical platform
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bit će vam naređeno da izađete iz kuće, stanete na kanonsku platformu
08:10
and made to celebrate the festival of Tsukimi,
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i slavite festival Tsukimi,
08:12
where you will be given poems to read
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gdje ćete čitati pjesme
08:14
in honor of the Moon and the passage of time
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u čast Mjesecu i prolaznosti vremena
08:16
and the frailty of life that it should remind us of.
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i slabosti života na koju bi nas to trebalo podsjetiti.
08:18
You'll be handed rice cakes.
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Dat će vam rižine torte.
08:20
And the Moon and the reflection on the Moon
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I Mjesec i odsjaj Mjeseca
08:22
will have a secure place in your heart.
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će imati sigurno mjesto u vašem srcu.
08:24
That's very good.
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To je veoma dobro.
08:26
The other thing that religions are really aware of
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Još je jedna stvar koje su religije veoma svjesne:
08:28
is: speak well --
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dobro govori --
08:30
I'm not doing a very good job of this here --
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ja ovdje ne obavljam baš dobar posao --
08:32
but oratory, oratory is absolutely key to religions.
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ali govorništvo, govorništvo je definitivno ključ za religije.
08:35
In the secular world, you can come through the university system and be a lousy speaker
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U sekularnom svijetu možete proći kroz fakultetski sustav i biti loš govornik,
08:38
and still have a great career.
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a ipak imati odličnu karijeru.
08:40
But the religious world doesn't think that way.
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Ali religiozni svijet ne misli tako.
08:42
What you're saying needs to be backed up
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Ono što govorite mora biti potkrijepljeno
08:44
by a really convincing way of saying it.
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veoma uvjerljivim načinom govorenja.
08:46
So if you go to an African-American Pentecostalist church
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Ako odete u afričko - američku Pentekostalnu crkvu
08:48
in the American South
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na američkom Jugu
08:50
and you listen to how they talk,
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i slušate kako govore,
08:52
my goodness, they talk well.
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ajme, govore dobro.
08:54
After every convincing point, people will go, "Amen, amen, amen."
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Nakon svake uvjerljive točke, ljudi bi govorili, „Amen, amen, amen.“
08:57
At the end of a really rousing paragraph, they'll all stand up,
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Na kraju veoma uzbudljivog paragrafa, ustat će
08:59
and they'll go, "Thank you Jesus, thank you Christ, thank you Savior."
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i govorit će, „Hvala ti Isuse, hvala ti Kriste, hvala ti Spasitelju.“
09:02
If we were doing it like they do it --
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Kad bismo mi to radili poput njih --
09:04
let's not do it, but if we were to do it --
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nemojmo to raditi, ali kad bismo radili --
09:07
I would tell you something like, "Culture should replace scripture."
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rekao bih vam nešto poput, „Kultura bi trebala zamijeniti Sveto pismo.“
09:09
And you would go, "Amen, amen, amen."
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A vi biste rekli, „Amen, amen, amen.“
09:11
And at the end of my talk, you would all stand up
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Na kaju mog govora, ustali biste i govorili,
09:13
and you would go, "Thank you Plato, thank you Shakespeare, thank you Jane Austen."
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„Hvala ti Platone, hvala ti Shakespeare, hvala ti Jane Austen.“
09:15
And we'd know that we had a real rhythm going.
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I znali bismo da imamo pravi ritam.
09:18
All right, all right. We're getting there. We're getting there.
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U redu, u redu. Dolazimo do toga. Dolazimo do toga.
09:20
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:22
The other thing that religions know is we're not just brains,
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Još jedna stvar koju religije znaju je da mi nismo samo mozgovi,
09:24
we are also bodies.
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već i tijela.
09:26
And when they teach us a lesson,
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I kad nas uče lekciju,
09:28
they do it via the body.
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rade to preko tijela.
09:30
So for example,
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Kao primjer
09:32
take the Jewish idea of forgiveness.
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uzmite židovsku ideju opraštanja.
09:34
Jews are very interested in forgiveness
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Židovi su veoma zaisteresirani za oproštenje
09:36
and how we should start anew and start afresh.
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i kako krenuti s novim i svježim početkom.
09:38
They don't just deliver us sermons on this.
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Za to nam ne dovode samo propovjednike.
09:40
They don't just give us books or words about this.
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Ne daju nam samo knjige i riječi o tome.
09:42
They tell us to have a bath.
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Kažu nam da se okupamo.
09:44
So in Orthodox Jewish communities, every Friday you go to a Mikveh.
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U zajednicama ortodoksnih Židova, svakog petka idete na Mikveh.
09:47
You immerse yourself in the water,
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Umočite se u vodu
09:49
and a physical action backs up a philosophical idea.
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i tjelesne radnje potkrijepljuju filozofsku ideju.
09:52
We don't tend to do that.
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Mi to ne radimo.
09:54
Our ideas are in one area and our behavior with our bodies is in another.
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Naše su ideje u jednom području, a naše ponašanje s našim tijelom u drugom.
09:57
Religions are fascinating in the way they try and combine the two.
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Religije su fascinantne na način kako kombiniraju to dvoje.
09:59
Let's look at art now.
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Sada malo pogledajmo umjetnost.
10:01
Now art is something that in the secular world,
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Umjetnost je nešto o čemu u sekularnom svijetu
10:04
we think very highly of. We think art is really, really important.
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imamo visoko mišljenje. Smatramo kako je umjetnost veoma, veoma važna.
10:07
A lot of our surplus wealth goes to museums, etc.
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Mnogo našeg viška bogatstva ide u muzeje itd.
10:10
We sometimes hear it said
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Ponekad čujemo kako se kaže
10:12
that museums are our new cathedrals, or our new churches.
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da su muzeji naše nove katedrale, naše nove crkve.
10:15
You've heard that saying.
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Čuli ste da se to tako govori.
10:17
Now I think that the potential is there,
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Mislim kako je potencijal tu,
10:19
but we've completely let ourselves down.
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ali smo potpuno iznevjerili sami sebe.
10:21
And the reason we've let ourselves down
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A razlog zbog kojeg smo iznevjerili sami sebe
10:23
is that we're not properly studying
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je to što nismo prikladno proučili
10:25
how religions handle art.
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kako religije rukuju umjetnošću.
10:29
The two really bad ideas that are hovering in the modern world
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Dvije veoma loše ideje koje kruže modernim svijetom,
10:32
that inhibit our capacity to draw strength from art:
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a sprječavaju naš kapacitet da vučemo snagu iz umjetnosti:
10:36
The first idea is that art should be for art's sake --
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Prva je ideja da bi umjetnost trebala postojati zbog umjetnosti --
10:38
a ridiculous idea --
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smiješna ideja --
10:40
an idea that art should live in a hermetic bubble
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ideja da bi umjetnost trebala živjeti u hermetičkom mjehuru
10:42
and should not try to do anything with this troubled world.
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i ne bi ništa trebala raditi s tim problematičnim svijetom.
10:45
I couldn't disagree more.
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Uopće se ne slažem s tim.
10:47
The other thing that we believe is that art shouldn't explain itself,
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Druga stvar u koju vjerujemo je da se umjetnost ne treba objašnjavati,
10:50
that artists shouldn't say what they're up to,
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da umjetnici ne bi trebali reći što im je bilo na umu,
10:52
because if they said it, it might destroy the spell
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jer kad bi rekli, mogli bi uništiti čaroliju
10:54
and we might find it too easy.
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i moglo bi nam se to činiti prejednostavnim.
10:56
That's why a very common feeling when you're in a museum --
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Zato je veoma čest osjećaj kad ste u muzeju --
10:58
let's admit it --
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priznajmo --
11:00
is, "I don't know what this is about."
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„Ne znam o čemu je ovo.“
11:02
But if we're serious people, we don't admit to that.
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Ali ako smo ozbiljni ljudi, to ne priznajemo.
11:04
But that feeling of puzzlement is structural
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Ali taj osjećaj zbunjenosti je sastavni
11:07
to contemporary art.
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dio suvremene umjetnosti.
11:10
Now religions have a much saner attitude to art.
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Religije imaju mnogo zdraviji stav prema umjetnosti.
11:12
They have no trouble telling us what art is about.
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Nemaju problema s time da nam kažu što je umjetnost.
11:14
Art is about two things in all the major faiths.
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Umjetnost su dvije stvari u svim glavim vjerama.
11:16
Firstly, it's trying to remind you
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Prvo, pokušava vas podsjetiti
11:18
of what there is to love.
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što tu morate voljeti.
11:20
And secondly, it's trying to remind you
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A drugo, pokušava vas podsjetiti
11:22
of what there is to fear and to hate.
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čega se morate bojati i što morate mrziti.
11:24
And that's what art is.
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I to je umjetnost.
11:26
Art is a visceral encounter with the most important ideas of your faith.
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Umjetnost je organski susret s najvažnijim idejama vaše vjere.
11:29
So as you walk around a church,
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Dakle, dok hodate crkvom
11:31
or a mosque or a cathedral,
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ili džamijom ili katedralom,
11:33
what you're trying to imbibe, what you're imbibing is,
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ono što pokušavate upiti, ono što upijate
11:35
through your eyes, through your senses,
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očima, osjetilima,
11:37
truths that have otherwise come to you through your mind.
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zapravo su istine koje su vam na drugačiji način pale na pamet.
11:39
Essentially it's propaganda.
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U suštini je to propaganda.
11:41
Rembrandt is a propagandist
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Rembrandt propagira
11:43
in the Christian view.
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kršćanski pogled.
11:45
Now the word "propaganda" sets off alarm bells.
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Riječ „propaganda“ aktivira alarm.
11:47
We think of Hitler, we think of Stalin. Don't, necessarily.
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Sjetimo se Hitlera, sjetimo se Staljina. Nemojte nužno.
11:49
Propaganda is a manner of being didactic in honor of something.
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Propaganda je način na koji možemo biti didaktični u čast nečega.
11:52
And if that thing is good, there's no problem with it at all.
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A ako je to nešto dobro, onda to uopće nije problem.
11:55
My view is that museums should take a leaf out of the book of religions.
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Moje viđenje je da bi muzeji trebali kopirati nešto iz religijskih knjiga.
11:59
And they should make sure that when you walk into a museum --
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I trebali bi se pobrinuti da kada uđete u muzej --
12:01
if I was a museum curator,
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da sam ja kustos u muzeju,
12:03
I would make a room for love, a room for generosity.
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napravio bih sobu za ljubav, sobu za velikodušnost.
12:06
All works of art are talking to us about things.
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Sva umjetnička djela nam govore o tim stvarima.
12:08
And if we were able to arrange spaces
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I kada bih bio u mogućnosti rasporediti mjesta
12:10
where we could come across works
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gdje bismo dolazili do djela
12:12
where we would be told, use these works of art
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i gdje bi nam bilo rečeno, upotrijebi ta umjetnička djela
12:14
to cement these ideas in your mind,
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kako bi zacementirao te ideje u svoj um,
12:16
we would get a lot more out of art.
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na taj bismo način mnogo više dobili od umjetnosti.
12:18
Art would pick up the duty that it used to have
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Umjetnost bi pokupila dužnost koju je nekada imala
12:21
and that we've neglected because of certain mis-founded ideas.
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i koju smo zanemarili zbog određenih pogrešno utvrđenih ideja.
12:24
Art should be one of the tools
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Umjetnost bi trebala biti jedan od alata
12:26
by which we improve our society.
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kojim možemo poboljšati našu zajednicu.
12:28
Art should be didactic.
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Umjetnost bi trebala biti didaktična.
12:31
Let's think of something else.
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Razmislimo o nečem drugom.
12:33
The people in the modern world, in the secular world,
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Ljudi u modernom svijetu, u sekularnom svijetu,
12:35
who are interested in matters of the spirit,
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koji su zainteresirani za pitanja duha,
12:37
in matters of the mind,
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pitanja uma,
12:39
in higher soul-like concerns,
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pitanja viših duhovnih briga,
12:42
tend to be isolated individuals.
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često su izolirani pojedinci.
12:44
They're poets, they're philosophers, they're photographers, they're filmmakers.
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Oni su pjesnici, filozofi, fotografi, redatelji.
12:47
And they tend to be on their own.
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I navikli su biti svoji na svome.
12:49
They're our cottage industries. They are vulnerable, single people.
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Oni su naše kućne radinosti. Oni su ranjivi, sami ljudi.
12:52
And they get depressed and they get sad on their own.
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I postanu depresivni i postanu žalosni sami sa sobom.
12:54
And they don't really change much.
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I zapravo se ne mijenjaju previše.
12:56
Now think about religions, think about organized religions.
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Razmislite o religijama, razmislite o organiziranim religijama.
12:58
What do organized religions do?
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Što rade organizirane religije?
13:00
They group together, they form institutions.
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Skupljaju se, stvaraju institucije.
13:03
And that has all sorts of advantages.
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I to ima razne prednosti.
13:05
First of all, scale, might.
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Prije svega, moć.
13:08
The Catholic Church pulled in 97 billion dollars last year
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Katolička je crkva dobila 97 milijardi dolara prošle godine
13:11
according to the Wall Street Journal.
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prema podacima Wall Street Journala.
13:13
These are massive machines.
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To su golemi strojevi.
13:15
They're collaborative, they're branded, they're multinational,
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Surađuju, označeni su, multinacionalni su
13:18
and they're highly disciplined.
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i visoko su disciplinirani.
13:20
These are all very good qualities.
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To su sve veoma dobre kvalitete.
13:22
We recognize them in relation to corporations.
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Prepoznajemo ih u odnosu s korporacijama.
13:24
And corporations are very like religions in many ways,
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I korporacije su na mnogo načina veoma slične religijama .
13:26
except they're right down at the bottom of the pyramid of needs.
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osim što su skroz na dnu piramide potreba.
13:28
They're selling us shoes and cars.
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Prodaju nam cipele i automobile.
13:30
Whereas the people who are selling us the higher stuff --
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A s druge strane ljudi koji nam prodaju više stvari --
13:32
the therapists, the poets --
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terapeuti, pjesnici --
13:34
are on their own and they have no power,
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sami su na svome i nemaju moć,
13:36
they have no might.
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nemaju snage
13:38
So religions are the foremost example
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Dakle, religije su najistaknutiji primjer
13:41
of an institution that is fighting for the things of the mind.
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institucija koje se bore za stvari koje imaju na umu.
13:44
Now we may not agree with what religions are trying to teach us,
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Možda se nećemo složiti s tim što nas religije pokušavaju naučiti,
13:47
but we can admire the institutional way
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ali se možemo diviti institucijskom načinu
13:49
in which they're doing it.
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na koji to rade.
13:51
Books alone, books written by lone individuals,
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Knjige same po sebi, knjige koje su pisali sami pojedinci
13:54
are not going to change anything.
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ništa neće promijeniti.
13:56
We need to group together.
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Moramo se skupiti.
13:58
If you want to change the world, you have to group together, you have to be collaborative.
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Ako želite promijeniti svijet, moramo se skupiti, moramo surađivati.
14:01
And that's what religions do.
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I to je ono što religije rade.
14:03
They are multinational, as I say,
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Multinacionalne su, kao što kažem,
14:05
they are branded, they have a clear identity,
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označene su, imaju jasan identitet
14:08
so they don't get lost in a busy world.
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pa se stoga ne izgube u zaposlenom svijetu.
14:10
That's something we can learn from.
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To je nešto iz čega možemo učiti.
14:12
I want to conclude.
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Želio bih zaključiti.
14:14
Really what I want to say
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Ono što zapravo želim reći
14:16
is for many of you who are operating in a range of different fields,
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za mnoge od vas koji posluju u rasponu različitih polja,
14:19
there is something to learn from the example of religion --
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postoji nešto što možemo naučiti iz primjera religije --
14:22
even if you don't believe any of it.
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čak i ako ne vjerujete ni u jednu.
14:25
If you're involved in anything that's communal,
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Ako ste uključeni u bilo što javno,
14:27
that involves lots of people getting together,
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što uključuje nalaženje mnogo ljudi zajedno,
14:29
there are things for you in religion.
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za vas postoje stvari u religiji.
14:31
If you're involved, say, in a travel industry in any way,
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Ako ste uključeni, recimo u putničku industriju na bilo koji način,
14:34
look at pilgrimage.
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pogledajte hodočašća.
14:36
Look very closely at pilgrimage.
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Veoma dobro pogledajte hodočašća.
14:38
We haven't begun to scratch the surface
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Nismo počeli ni grebati
14:40
of what travel could be
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što bi putovanje moglo biti
14:42
because we haven't looked at what religions do with travel.
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zato što nismo pogledali što religije rade s putovanjima.
14:44
If you're in the art world,
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Ako ste u svijetu umjetnosti,
14:46
look at the example of what religions are doing with art.
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pogledajte primjer toga što religije rade s umjetnošću.
14:48
And if you're an educator in any way,
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A ako ste nastavnik na bilo koji način,
14:51
again, look at how religions are spreading ideas.
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ponovo, pogledajte kako religije šire ideje.
14:54
You may not agree with the ideas,
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Možda se nećete složiti s idejama,
14:56
but my goodness, they're highly effective mechanisms for doing so.
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ali pobogu, tu su veoma efektivni mehanizmi za to.
14:59
So really my concluding point
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Zaista, moja zaključna točka
15:01
is you may not agree with religion,
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je da se možda nećete složiti s religijom,
15:03
but at the end of the day,
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ali na kraju dana, religije su toliko vješte,
15:05
religions are so subtle, so complicated,
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toliko komplicirane,
15:07
so intelligent in many ways
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toliko inteligentne na mnogo načina
15:09
that they're not fit to be abandoned to the religious alone;
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da su stvorene kako ne bi bile ostavljene religioznima;
15:12
they're for all of us.
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one su za sve nas.
15:14
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
15:16
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
15:33
Chris Anderson: Now this is actually a courageous talk,
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Chris Anderson: Ovo je doista hrabar govor
15:35
because you're kind of setting up yourself in some ways
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jer se na neki način postavljate kao meta
15:37
to be ridiculed in some quarters.
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za ismijavanje u nekim dijelovima.
15:39
AB: You can get shot by both sides.
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AB: Mogu vas ubiti obje strane.
15:41
You can get shot by the hard-headed atheists,
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Mogu vas ubiti zadrti ateisti
15:43
and you can get shot by those who fully believe.
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i mogu vas ubiti oni koji potpuno vjeruju.
15:46
CA: Incoming missiles from North Oxford at any moment.
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CA: Stižu rakete iz sjevernog Oxforda svakog trena.
15:48
AB: Indeed.
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AB: Uistinu.
15:50
CA: But you left out one aspect of religion
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CA: Ali izostavili ste jedan aspekt religije
15:53
that a lot of people might say
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za koji mnogo ljudi kaže
15:55
your agenda could borrow from,
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da vi iz toga koristite podsjetnik,
15:57
which is this sense --
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a to je svijest --
15:59
that's actually probably the most important thing to anyone who's religious --
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to je zapravo najvažnija stvar svakome tko je religiozan --
16:01
of spiritual experience,
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duhovno iskustvo,
16:03
of some kind of connection
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neka vrsta povezivanja
16:05
with something that's bigger than you are.
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s nečim što je veće od vas.
16:07
Is there any room for that experience in Atheism 2.0?
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Postoji li mjesto za takvo iskustvo u Ateizmu 2.0?
16:10
AB: Absolutely. I, like many of you, meet people
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AB: Apsolutno. Ja, poput mnogih od vas susrećem ljude
16:13
who say things like, "But isn't there something bigger than us,
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koji kažu stvari poput, „Ali ne postoji li tamo negdje nešto veće od nas,
16:16
something else?"
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nešto drugo?“
16:18
And I say, "Of course." And they say, "So aren't you sort of religious?"
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A ja kažem, „Naravno.“ A oni kažu, „Pa nisi li onda na neki način religiozan?“
16:21
And I go, "No." Why does that sense of mystery,
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A ja kažem, „Ne.“ Zašto taj pojam misterije,
16:24
that sense of the dizzying scale of the universe,
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taj pojam vrtoglavog razmjera svemira
16:27
need to be accompanied by a mystical feeling?
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mora biti udružen s mističnim osjećajem?
16:30
Science and just observation
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Znanost i jednostavno promatranje
16:32
gives us that feeling without it,
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nam daje osjećaj bez toga,
16:34
so I don't feel the need.
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stoga nemam potrebu.
16:36
The universe is large and we are tiny,
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Svemir je velik, a mi smo mali
16:38
without the need for further religious superstructure.
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bez potrebe za daljnjom religioznom superstrukturom.
16:42
So one can have so-called spiritual moments
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Dakle, netko može imati takozvane duhovne trenutke
16:44
without belief in the spirit.
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bez vjerovanja u duhove.
16:46
CA: Actually, let me just ask a question.
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CA: Zapravo, da vas pitam jedno pitanje.
16:48
How many people here would say
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Koliko ljudi ovdje bi reklo
16:50
that religion is important to them?
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da im je religija važna?
16:54
Is there an equivalent process
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Postoji li odgovarajući proces
16:57
by which there's a sort of bridge
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u kojem imamo na neki način most
16:59
between what you're talking about and what you would say to them?
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između onog o čemu vi pričate i onog što biste im rekli?
17:02
AB: I would say that there are many, many gaps in secular life
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AB: Rekao bih da postoji mnogo, mnogo pukotina u sekularnom životu
17:04
and these can be plugged.
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i one mogu biti začepljene.
17:06
It's not as though, as I try to suggest,
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Nije baš tako kako pokušavam sugerirati,
17:08
it's not as though either you have religion
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nije baš ni tako da, ili morate imati religiju
17:10
and then you have to accept all sorts of things,
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i onda prihvatiti razne vrste stvari,
17:12
or you don't have religion
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ili ne morate imati religiju
17:14
and then you're cut off from all these very good things.
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i onda su vam uskraćene te veoma dobre stvari.
17:17
It's so sad that we constantly say,
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Tako je tužno što stalno govorimo,
17:20
"I don't believe so I can't have community,
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„Ne vjerujem pa ne mogu imati zajednicu,
17:22
so I'm cut off from morality,
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uskraćena mi je moralnost,
17:24
so I can't go on a pilgrimage."
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ne mogu ići na hodočašća.“
17:26
One wants to say, "Nonsense. Why not?"
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Netko bi rekao, „Glupost. Zašto ne?“
17:28
And that's really the spirit of my talk.
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I to je zapravo duša mog govora.
17:30
There's so much we can absorb.
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Postoji toliko toga što možemo upiti.
17:32
Atheism shouldn't cut itself off from the rich sources of religion.
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Ateizam ne bi smio sam sebe lišiti bogatih izvora religije.
17:35
CA: It seems to me that there's plenty of people in the TED community
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CA: Čini mi se da postoji mnogo ljudi u TED zajednici
17:38
who are atheists.
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koji su ateisti.
17:40
But probably most people in the community
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Ali vjerojatno većina ljudi u zajednici
17:42
certainly don't think that religion is going away any time soon
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zasigurno ne smatra da će religija ubrzo otići
17:45
and want to find the language
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i žele pronaći jezik
17:47
to have a constructive dialogue
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kako bi imali konstruktivan dijalog
17:50
and to feel like we can actually talk to each other
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i osjećali se da zaista možemo razgovarati jedni s drugima
17:52
and at least share some things in common.
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i barem dijeliti neke zajedničke stvari.
17:54
Are we foolish to be optimistic
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Jesmo li blesavi što smo optimistični
17:56
about the possibility of a world
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po pitanju mogućnosti svijeta gdje bi,
17:58
where, instead of religion being the great rallying cry
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umjesto religije koja postoji kao masovni plač,
18:01
of divide and war,
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uzrok podijeljenosti i rata
18:03
that there could be bridging?
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moglo postojati premošćivanje?
18:05
AB: No, we need to be polite about differences.
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AB: Ne, moramo biti pristojni u vezi razlika.
18:08
Politeness is a much-overlooked virtue.
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Pristojnost je često previđeno svojstvo.
18:10
It's seen as hypocrisy.
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Viđeno je kao licemjerje.
18:12
But we need to get to a stage when you're an atheist
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Ali moramo doći do faze kada ste ateist
18:14
and someone says, "Well you know, I did pray the other day,"
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i netko kaže, „Znaš što, molio sam se neki dan.“,
18:17
you politely ignore it.
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a vi to pristojno ignorirate.
18:19
You move on.
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Krenete dalje.
18:21
Because you've agreed on 90 percent of things,
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Jer ste se složili s 90% stvari,
18:24
because you have a shared view on so many things,
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jer ste podijelili viđenje tolikih stvari
18:26
and you politely differ.
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i pristojno se razlikujete.
18:28
And I think that's what the religious wars of late have ignored.
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I smatram da su to nedavni religiozni ratovi ignorirali.
18:32
They've ignored the possibility of harmonious disagreement.
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Ignorirali su mogućnost složnog neslaganja.
18:36
CA: And finally, does this new thing that you're proposing
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CA: I konačno, da li ta nova stvar koju predlažete,
18:38
that's not a religion but something else,
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a nije religija već nešto drugo,
18:40
does it need a leader,
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treba vođu
18:42
and are you volunteering to be the pope?
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i da li se vi dobrovoljno javljate da budete papa?
18:44
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
18:46
AB: Well, one thing that we're all very suspicious of
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AB: Pa, jedna stvar oko koje smo veoma sumnjičavi
18:48
is individual leaders.
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su vođe pojedinci.
18:50
It doesn't need it.
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Nema potrebe za njima.
18:52
What I've tried to lay out is a framework
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Ono što sam pokušao istaknuti je okvir
18:54
and I'm hoping that people can just fill it in.
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i nadam se da ga ljudi mogu popuniti.
18:57
I've sketched a sort of broad framework.
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Skicirao sam na neki način široki okvir.
18:59
But wherever you are, as I say, if you're in the travel industry, do that travel bit.
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Ali gdje god da jeste, kao što kažem, ako ste u putničkoj industriji, radite to s putovanjem.
19:02
If you're in the communal industry, look at religion and do the communal bit.
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Ako ste u javnoj industriji, pogledajte religiju i radite javni dio.
19:05
So it's a wiki project.
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Dakle, to je wiki projekt.
19:07
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
19:09
CA: Alain, thank you for sparking many conversations later.
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CA: Alain, hvala vam za pokretanje mnogih razgovora kasnije.
19:12
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alain de Botton - PhilosopherThrough his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday.
Why you should listen
It started in 1997, when Alain de Botton turned away from writing novels and instead wrote a touching extended essay titled How Proust Can Change Your Life, which became an unlikely blockbuster in the "self-help"category. His subsequent books take on some of the fundamental worries of modern life (am I happy? where exactly do I stand?), informed by his deep reading in philosophy and by a novelist's eye for small, perfect moments. His newest book is The Pleasures and Sorrows of Work.
In 2008, de Botton helped start the School of Life in London, a social enterprise determined to make learning and therapy relevant in today's uptight culture. His goal is (through any of his mediums) to help clients learn "how to live wisely and well."
Alain de Botton | Speaker | TED.com