TED2009
Joachim de Posada: Don't eat the marshmallow!
Joachim de Posada říká: Nejezte to marshmallow
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V této krátké přednášce z TED U vypráví Joachim de Posada o zlomovém experimentu o odkládáném uspokojení, a o tom, jak toto může předpovídat budoucí úspěch. Těšte se na báječné video dětí, které dělají co mohou, aby nesnědly marshmallow.
Joachim de Posada - Speaker and author
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet." Full bio
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
I'm here because I have a very important message:
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Jsem zde, protože mám velmi důležitou zprávu.
00:21
I think we have found
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Myslím, že jsme zjistili,
00:23
the most important factor for success.
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co je nejdůležitější faktor úspěchu.
00:26
And it was found close to here, Stanford.
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Bylo to zjištěno kousek odsud - ve Stanfordu.
00:31
Psychology professor took kids that were four years old
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Profesor psychologie vybral několik čtyřletých dětí
00:35
and put them in a room all by themselves.
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a odvedl jednotlivě do místnosti, kde zůstaly samy.
00:39
And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid,
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Poté tomuto čtyřletému dítěti řekl:
00:42
"Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow
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"Honzíčku, nechám tě tady s marshmallow,
00:45
for 15 minutes.
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a to 15 minut.
00:47
If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here,
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Pokud tady to marshmallow bude, až se vrátím,
00:51
you will get another one. So you will have two."
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dostaneš další. Takže budeš mít dvě."
00:55
To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes
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Říci čtyřletému dítěti, aby počkalo 15 minut
00:58
for something that they like,
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na něco, co má rádo,
01:00
is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours."
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je to samé jako říci nám: "Kávu Vám přineseme za 2 hodiny."
01:04
(Laughter)
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(smích)
01:05
Exact equivalent.
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Naprosto to samé.
01:07
So what happened when the professor left the room?
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Takže co se stalo, když profesor opustil místnost?
01:12
As soon as the door closed...
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Jakmile se dveře zavřeli...
01:16
two out of three ate the marshmallow.
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dvě ze tří dětí snědli marshmallow.
01:18
Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds,
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5 sekund, 10 sekund, 40 sekund, 50 sekund,
01:21
two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes.
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dvě minuty, čtyři minuty, osm minut.
01:23
Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes.
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Některé vydržely 14 a půl minuty.
01:26
(Laughter)
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(smích)
01:27
Couldn't do it. Could not wait.
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Nezvládly to. Nemohly se dočkat.
01:31
What's interesting is that one out of three
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Zajímavé na tom je, že jedno dítě ze tří
01:34
would look at the marshmallow and go like this ...
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se dívalo na marshmallow a dělalo toto...
01:39
Would look at it.
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Podívalo se na něj.
01:41
Put it back.
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Vrátilo ho zpátky.
01:43
They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
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Chodilo okolo. Hrálo si se sukní nebo kalhotami.
01:48
That child already, at four, understood
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Toto dítě pochopilo, už ve čtyřech letech,
01:51
the most important principle for success,
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ten nejdůležitější princip úspěchu.
01:54
which is the ability to delay gratification.
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Což je schopnost odložit uspokojení.
01:58
Self-discipline:
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Sebedisciplína -
02:00
the most important factor for success.
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nejdůležitější faktor úspěchu.
02:03
15 years later, 14 or 15 years later,
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O 15 let později, o 14 nebo 15 let později,
02:06
follow-up study.
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provedli další studii.
02:08
What did they find?
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Co našli?
02:10
They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19.
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Šli se podívat na tyto děti, kterým v tu chvíli bylo 18 a 19
02:13
And they found that 100 percent
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a zjistili, že sto procent dětí,
02:16
of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful.
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které nesnědli marshmallow bylo úspěšných.
02:20
They had good grades. They were doing wonderful.
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Měly dobré známky. Vedly si skvěle.
02:22
They were happy. They had their plans.
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Byly šťastné. Měly plány.
02:24
They had good relationships with the teachers, students.
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Měly dobré vztahy s učiteli a studenty.
02:27
They were doing fine.
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Vedly si dobře.
02:28
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow,
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Velké procento dětí, které marshmallow snědly,
02:31
they were in trouble.
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mělo problémy.
02:32
They did not make it to university.
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Nedotáhli to na vysokou školu.
02:34
They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out.
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Měly špatné známky. Některé z nich studium ukončily.
02:36
A few were still there with bad grades.
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Některé zůstaly i se špatnými známkami.
02:38
A few had good grades.
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Pár mělo známky dobré.
02:40
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids
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Měl jsem v hlavě otázku: Reagovali by hispánské děti
02:42
react the same way as the American kids?
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stejně jako děti americké?
02:45
So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment.
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Jel jsem tedy do Kolumbie a zopakoval experiment.
02:48
And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids.
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Bylo to velmi zábavné. Testoval jsem čtyř, pěti a šestileté děti.
02:51
And let me show you what happened.
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Ukážu Vám, co se stalo.
03:09
(Spanish) (Laughter)
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(smích)
04:50
So what happened in Colombia?
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Takže co se stalo v Kolumbii?
04:52
Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow;
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Hispánské děti, 2 ze 3 marshmallow snědli.
04:55
one out of three did not.
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1 ze 3 nesnědlo.
04:57
This little girl was interesting;
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Tato malá holčička byla zajímavá.
04:59
she ate the inside of the marshmallow.
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Ona snědla vnitřek marshmallow.
05:01
(Laughter)
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(smích)
05:02
In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two.
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Jinými slovy, chtěla, abychom si mysleli, že ho nesnědla a dostala tak další.
05:06
But she ate it.
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Ale ona ho snědla.
05:08
So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her.
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Takže víme, že bude úspěšná, ale musíme jí sledovat.
05:11
(Laughter)
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(smích)
05:12
She should not go into banking, for example,
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Neměla by například pracovat v bankovnictví
05:15
or work at a cash register.
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nebo na pokladně.
05:17
But she will be successful.
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Ale bude úspěšná.
05:19
And this applies for everything. Even in sales.
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Tento princip platí pro všechno. Dokonce i pro prodej.
05:21
The sales person that --
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Prodejce, který -- Zákazník říká: "Chci tohle."
05:25
the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are."
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A prodavač odpoví "Tady to máte."
05:27
That person ate the marshmallow.
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Tento prodavač snědl marshmallow.
05:29
If the sales person says, "Wait a second.
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Pokud prodavač řekne "Počkejte chvíli,
05:31
Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice."
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dám Vám pár otázek, abych zjistil, jestli je to správná volba."
05:34
Then you sell a lot more.
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Tento prodá mnohem více.
05:35
So this has applications in all walks of life.
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Můžeme to aplikovat na cokoliv v životě.
05:40
I end with -- the Koreans did this.
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Skončím s -- Korejci udělali toto.
05:43
You know what? This is so good
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Víte co? Tohle je tak dobré,
05:45
that we want a marshmallow book for children.
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že chceme dětskou knihu o marshmallow.
05:47
We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea.
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A tak jsme jednu udělali a nyní je po celé Koreji.
05:50
They are teaching these kids exactly this principle.
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Učí tam děti přesně tenhle princip.
05:52
And we need to learn that principle here in the States,
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My tady ve Státech se potřebujeme tento princip naučit také,
05:54
because we have a big debt.
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protože jsme velmi zadlužení.
05:56
We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing.
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Jíme více marshmallow než produkujeme.
05:58
Thank you so much.
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Moc Vám děkuji.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joachim de Posada - Speaker and authorJoachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet."
Why you should listen
Joachim de Posada's infectious energy and humor turned him into a popular motivational coach. Working in Spanish and English, he helped companies and teams find deep and lasting reasons to succeed. His books included How to Survive Among the Piranhas and his latest, No te comas el marshmallow ... todavia, or Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet. (He had recently updated the book for the recession, calling it Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Ever.)
Joachim de Posada | Speaker | TED.com