TED2009
Joachim de Posada: Don't eat the marshmallow!
Joachim de Poscada: "Jäta vahukomm söömata"
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Selles lühikeses TEDi Ülikooli ettekandes räägib Joachim de Posada tähtsast eksperimendist, milles uuriti võimet naudingut edasi lükata -- ja kuidas see tulevast edu ennustab. Sisaldab vahvat videot lastest, kes proovivad kogu hingest vahukommi mitte süüa.
Joachim de Posada - Speaker and author
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet." Full bio
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
I'm here because I have a very important message:
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Ma olen siin, sest mul on väga tähtis teade.
00:21
I think we have found
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Ma arvan, et me oleme leidnud
00:23
the most important factor for success.
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edu kõige olulisema teguri.
00:26
And it was found close to here, Stanford.
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Ja see leiti siinsamas, Stanfordis.
00:31
Psychology professor took kids that were four years old
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Psühholoogiaprofessor võttis nelja-aastased lapsed
00:35
and put them in a room all by themselves.
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ja pani nad omapäi tuppa istuma.
00:39
And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid,
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Ja ta ütles lapsele, nelja-aastasele juntsule:
00:42
"Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow
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"Johnny, ma annan sulle ühe vahukommi ja jätan su siia,
00:45
for 15 minutes.
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15 minutiks.
00:47
If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here,
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Kui ma tagasi tulen ja vahukomm on alles,
00:51
you will get another one. So you will have two."
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siis sa saad teise veel. Nii et sul on siis kaks."
00:55
To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes
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Käskida nelja-aastasel lapsel 15 minutit oodata,
00:58
for something that they like,
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et midagi head saada,
01:00
is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours."
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on sama, kui keegi ütleks meile: "Me toome teile kohvi kahe tunni pärast."
01:04
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
01:05
Exact equivalent.
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Täpselt sama.
01:07
So what happened when the professor left the room?
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Niisiis, mis juhtus, kui professor ruumist lahkus?
01:12
As soon as the door closed...
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Kohe kui uks sulgus...
01:16
two out of three ate the marshmallow.
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sõid kaks last kolmest vahukommi ära.
01:18
Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds,
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Viie sekundiga, 10 sekundiga, 40 sekundiga, 50 sekundiga,
01:21
two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes.
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kahe minutiga, nelja minutiga, kaheksa minutiga.
01:23
Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes.
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Mõned pidasid 14 ja pool minutit vastu.
01:26
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
01:27
Couldn't do it. Could not wait.
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Ei saanud hakkama. Ei suutnud oodata.
01:31
What's interesting is that one out of three
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Aga on huvitav, et üks kolmest
01:34
would look at the marshmallow and go like this ...
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piidles vahukommi ja tegi nii...
01:39
Would look at it.
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Vaatas seda.
01:41
Put it back.
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Pani selle tagasi.
01:43
They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
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Nad kõndisid ringi. Nad mängisid oma seelikute ja pükstega.
01:48
That child already, at four, understood
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Juba see laps, nelja-aastane, mõistis
01:51
the most important principle for success,
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edu kõige tähtsamat printsiipi.
01:54
which is the ability to delay gratification.
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Milleks on võime naudingut edasi lükata.
01:58
Self-discipline:
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Enesedistsipliin,
02:00
the most important factor for success.
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kõige olulisem tegur edu saavutamiseks.
02:03
15 years later, 14 or 15 years later,
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15 aastat hiljem, 14 või 15 aastat hiljem,
02:06
follow-up study.
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toimus järeluuring.
02:08
What did they find?
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Mis selgus?
02:10
They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19.
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Nad otsisid need lapsed üles, kes nüüdseks olid 18- ja 19-aastased.
02:13
And they found that 100 percent
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Ja nad leidsid, et sada protsenti
02:16
of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful.
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nendest lastest, kes vahukommi söömata jätsid, olid edukad.
02:20
They had good grades. They were doing wonderful.
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Neil olid head hinded. Neil läks väga hästi.
02:22
They were happy. They had their plans.
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Nad olid õnnelikud. Neil olid eluks mingid plaanid.
02:24
They had good relationships with the teachers, students.
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Neil olid õpetajate ja kaasõpilastega head suhted.
02:27
They were doing fine.
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Neil läks hästi.
02:28
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow,
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Suur osa nendest lastest, kes vahukommi ära sõid,
02:31
they were in trouble.
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nemad olid jännis.
02:32
They did not make it to university.
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Nad ei läinud ülikooli.
02:34
They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out.
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Neil olid halvad hinded. Mõned langesid koolist välja.
02:36
A few were still there with bad grades.
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Paar tükki olid halbade hinnetega ikkagi koolis.
02:38
A few had good grades.
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Mõnedel olid head hinded.
02:40
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids
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Mul tekkis küsimus: Kas latiino-lapsed
02:42
react the same way as the American kids?
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reageeriksid samamoodi nagu ameerika lapsed?
02:45
So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment.
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Nii et ma läksin Kolumbiasse. Ja ma kordasin eksperimenti.
02:48
And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids.
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Ja see oli väga naljakas. Ma kasutasin nelja-, viie- ja kuueaastaseid lapsi.
02:51
And let me show you what happened.
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Ja las ma näitan teile, mis juhtus.
03:09
(Spanish) (Laughter)
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(Naer)
04:50
So what happened in Colombia?
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Nii et mis siis Kolumbias juhtus?
04:52
Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow;
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Latiino-lapsed, kaks kolmest sõid vahukommi ära.
04:55
one out of three did not.
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Üks kolmest ei söönud.
04:57
This little girl was interesting;
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See väike tüdruk oli huvitav.
04:59
she ate the inside of the marshmallow.
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Ta sõi vahukommi sisu ära.
05:01
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
05:02
In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two.
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Teisisõnu, ta tahtis, et me arvaksime, et ta pole seda ära söönud, nii et ta saaks kaks tükki.
05:06
But she ate it.
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Aga ta sõi selle ära.
05:08
So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her.
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Nii et ta on tulevikus kindlasti edukas. Aga tal peab silma peal hoidma.
05:11
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
05:12
She should not go into banking, for example,
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Näiteks ta ei tohiks pangandusse minna,
05:15
or work at a cash register.
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ega kassapidajana töötada.
05:17
But she will be successful.
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Aga ta saab edukas olema.
05:19
And this applies for everything. Even in sales.
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Ja see kehtib igal pool, isegi müügi alal.
05:21
The sales person that --
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See müügimees, kes --
05:25
the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are."
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Klient ütleb: "Ma tahan vaat seda." Ja müüja ütleb: "Näe, palun väga."
05:27
That person ate the marshmallow.
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See müügimees sõi vahukommi ära.
05:29
If the sales person says, "Wait a second.
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Kui müügimees ütleb: "Üks hetk.
05:31
Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice."
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Las ma esitan teile kõigepealt paar küsimust, et olla kindel, et te teete hea valiku."
05:34
Then you sell a lot more.
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Siis sa müüd palju rohkem.
05:35
So this has applications in all walks of life.
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Nii et sellel on igal elualal rakendusi.
05:40
I end with -- the Koreans did this.
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Lõpetuseks -- Korealased mõtlesid nii.
05:43
You know what? This is so good
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Teate mis? See on nii hea,
05:45
that we want a marshmallow book for children.
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et lastel võiks olla vahukommide-teemaline raamat.
05:47
We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea.
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Nii et me koostasimegi ühe lasteraamatu. Ja nüüd on see üle kogu Korea levinud.
05:50
They are teaching these kids exactly this principle.
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Nad õpetavad lastele täpselt seda printsiipi.
05:52
And we need to learn that principle here in the States,
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Ja siin, Ühendriikides, peame me ka seda printsiipi õppima.
05:54
because we have a big debt.
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Sest meil on suured võlad.
05:56
We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing.
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Me sööme rohkem vahukomme, kui me toodame.
05:58
Thank you so much.
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Tänan teid väga.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joachim de Posada - Speaker and authorJoachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet."
Why you should listen
Joachim de Posada's infectious energy and humor turned him into a popular motivational coach. Working in Spanish and English, he helped companies and teams find deep and lasting reasons to succeed. His books included How to Survive Among the Piranhas and his latest, No te comas el marshmallow ... todavia, or Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet. (He had recently updated the book for the recession, calling it Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Ever.)
Joachim de Posada | Speaker | TED.com