TED2006
Sir Ken Robinson: Do schools kill creativity?
Kenas Robinsonas: Mokyklos žudo kūrybiškumą
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64,284,825 views
Keno Robinsono nuotaikinga ir nepaprastai įtaigi kalba apie švietimo sistemą, kuri turėtų puoselėti (o ne smukdyti) kūrybiškumą.
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:24
Good morning. How are you?
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Labas rytas. Kaip gyvuojate? Buvo puiku, tiesa?
00:28
(Laughter)
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00:29
It's been great, hasn't it?
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Visa tai mane tiesiog pakerėjo.
00:32
I've been blown away by the whole thing.
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00:34
In fact, I'm leaving.
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Tad gal jau ir eisiu... (Juokas)
00:36
(Laughter)
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Šiai konferencijai būdingi trys aspektai,
00:42
There have been three themes
running through the conference
running through the conference
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susiję su tuo,
00:45
which are relevant
to what I want to talk about.
to what I want to talk about.
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apie ką ketinu kalbėti.
00:47
One is the extraordinary
evidence of human creativity
evidence of human creativity
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Pirma, tai išskirtinis žmogaus kūrybiškumas,
00:52
in all of the presentations that we've had
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kurį matėme visų dalyvių kalbose
00:54
and in all of the people here.
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ir pasirodymuose.
00:56
Just the variety of it
and the range of it.
and the range of it.
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Kokia įvairovė, koks spektras!
01:00
The second is
that it's put us in a place
that it's put us in a place
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Antra, visi mes esame nežinios būsenoje,
01:02
where we have no idea
what's going to happen,
what's going to happen,
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01:04
in terms of the future.
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kai kalbame apie ateitį. Sunku nuspėti,
01:06
No idea how this may play out.
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kaip viskas gali klostytis.
01:09
I have an interest in education.
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Mane domina švietimas,
01:10
Actually, what I find is everybody
has an interest in education.
has an interest in education.
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tiesą sakant, pastebiu, kad švietimas domina visus.
Negi jūsų nedomina? Ir tai labai įdomu.
01:15
Don't you?
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01:16
I find this very interesting.
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Jeigu dalyvauji kviestiniuose pietuose ir pasakai,
01:17
If you're at a dinner party,
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01:19
and you say you work in education --
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kad dirbi švietimo srityje...
01:21
Actually, you're not often
at dinner parties, frankly.
at dinner parties, frankly.
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...nors, tiesą sakant, ne taip jau dažnai dalyvauji tokiuose pietuose, jeigu dirbi švietimo srityje. (juokas)
01:24
(Laughter)
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01:28
If you work in education,
you're not asked.
you're not asked.
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Tavęs niekas nekviečia.
01:31
(Laughter)
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Įdomu ir tai, kad vieną kartą pakviestas, antrą kartą jau nebūni kviečiamas. Man tai keista.
01:34
And you're never asked back, curiously.
That's strange to me.
That's strange to me.
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01:38
But if you are, and you say to somebody,
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Bet jeigu jau esi, ir jeigu kažkas
pasiteirauja: "Kuo užsiimate?"
01:40
you know, they say, "What do you do?"
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ir atsakai, kad dirbi švietimo srityje,
01:42
and you say you work in education,
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01:44
you can see the blood run from their face.
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tada regi, kaip pašnekovo veidas ima blykšti. Mintyse galvoji:
01:46
They're like, "Oh my God,"
you know, "Why me?"
you know, "Why me?"
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"O Dieve, kodėl tai nutinka man!? Vienintelį savaitės vakarą, kurį galėjai skirti pramogai." (Juokas)
01:48
(Laughter)
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01:50
"My one night out all week."
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01:51
(Laughter)
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Tačiau kai paklausi apie jų išsilavinimą,
01:54
But if you ask about their education,
they pin you to the wall.
they pin you to the wall.
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jie ima tave kalti prie sienos. Nes tai yra viena iš tų temų,
01:57
Because it's one of those things
that goes deep with people, am I right?
that goes deep with people, am I right?
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kurioms žmonės giliai neabejingi, tiesa?
Kaip religija, pinigai ir pan.
02:01
Like religion, and money and other things.
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Mane švietimas domina labai, ir, manau, jis domina mus visus.
02:04
So I have a big interest in education,
and I think we all do.
and I think we all do.
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Mums švietimas yra ypatingos svarbos sritis,
02:08
We have a huge vested interest in it,
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iš dalies dėl nuostatos, kad būtent švietimas veda į ateitį, -
02:10
partly because it's education
that's meant to take us into this future
that's meant to take us into this future
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...kurios nesame pajėgūs įžvelgti.
02:14
that we can't grasp.
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02:15
If you think of it,
children starting school this year
children starting school this year
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Susimąstykime: vaikai, kurie šiemet pradėjo eiti į mokyklą,
į pensiją išeis 2065 metais.
02:19
will be retiring in 2065.
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02:24
Nobody has a clue,
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Pastarąsias keturias dienas klausėmės ekspertinių vertinimų,
02:25
despite all the expertise that's been
on parade for the past four days,
on parade for the past four days,
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tačiau niekas negali pasakyti, koks bus pasaulis po penkerių metų.
02:29
what the world will look like
in five years' time.
in five years' time.
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Ir vis dėlto manoma, kad vaikus mokome ateičiai.
02:32
And yet we're meant
to be educating them for it.
to be educating them for it.
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Manau, kad ateities nenuspėjamumas
02:34
So the unpredictability,
I think, is extraordinary.
I think, is extraordinary.
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yra didesnis nei bet kada.
02:36
And the third part of this
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Trečiasis bendras dalykas yra tas,
02:38
is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,
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kad, kaip bebūtų, visi mes sutariame,
02:40
on the really extraordinary
capacities that children have --
capacities that children have --
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kad vaikai turi ypatingų gebėjimų inovacijoms.
02:45
their capacities for innovation.
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Kalbu apie vakarykštį Sairenos pasirodymą, - ji buvo nepakartojama. Tiesa?
02:48
I mean, Sirena last night
was a marvel, wasn't she?
was a marvel, wasn't she?
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Kvapą gniaužė stebint jos meistriškumą.
02:50
Just seeing what she could do.
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Ji nepakartojama, tačiau, vertinant vaikystės kontekste,
02:52
And she's exceptional, but I think
she's not, so to speak,
she's not, so to speak,
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02:57
exceptional in the whole of childhood.
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ji nėra išskirtinė.
Matėme pasišventusį žmogų,
03:00
What you have there is a person
of extraordinary dedication
of extraordinary dedication
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kuris atrado talentą.
03:03
who found a talent.
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Teigčiau, kad visi vaikai turi milžiniškus talentus.
03:05
And my contention is,
all kids have tremendous talents.
all kids have tremendous talents.
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Kuriuos mes gana negailestingai paleidžiame vėjais.
03:07
And we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
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Taigi, norėčiau kalbėti apie švietimą
03:09
So I want to talk about education
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03:12
and I want to talk about creativity.
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ir apie kūrybiškumą. Mano teiginys yra toks:
03:13
My contention is that creativity now
is as important in education as literacy,
is as important in education as literacy,
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dabar švietime kūrybiškumas yra ne mažiau svarbus, negu raštingumas,
ir į jį turime žvelgti kaip į lygiavertės svarbos dalyką. (Plojimai)
03:19
and we should treat it
with the same status.
with the same status.
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Ačiū. Beje, tiek ir tenorėjau pasakyti.
03:22
(Applause) Thank you.
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03:24
(Applause)
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03:29
That was it, by the way.
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Labai ačiū. (Juokas) Taigi, liko 15 minučių...
03:30
Thank you very much.
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03:31
(Laughter)
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03:33
So, 15 minutes left.
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Ką gi, gimiau tūkstantis devyni šimtai... Na gerai. (Juokas)
03:35
(Laughter)
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03:38
Well, I was born... no.
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03:40
(Laughter)
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Neseniai nugirdau nuostabią istoriją - mėgstu ją perpasakoti -
03:43
I heard a great story recently
-- I love telling it --
-- I love telling it --
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apie mažą mergaitę piešimo pamokoje. Ji buvo šešerių.
03:46
of a little girl
who was in a drawing lesson.
who was in a drawing lesson.
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Klasėje, sėdėdama paskutiniame suole, ji piešė.
03:49
She was six, and she was
at the back, drawing,
at the back, drawing,
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Mokytoja pasakojo, kad jai būdavo sunku sutelkti dėmesį,
03:51
and the teacher said this girl
hardly ever paid attention,
hardly ever paid attention,
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tačiau šioje piešimo pamokoje ji buvo susikaupusi.
03:54
and in this drawing lesson, she did.
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03:55
The teacher was fascinated.
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Pakerėta mokytoja priėjo prie mergaitės
03:57
She went over to her,
and she said, "What are you drawing?"
and she said, "What are you drawing?"
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ir paklausė: "Ką tu pieši?"
04:00
And the girl said, "I'm
drawing a picture of God."
drawing a picture of God."
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Ji atsakė: "Piešiu Dievą."
04:03
And the teacher said, "But nobody
knows what God looks like."
knows what God looks like."
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Mokytoja tarė: "Bet juk niekas nežino, kaip atrodo Dievas."
04:06
And the girl said,
"They will, in a minute."
"They will, in a minute."
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Mergaitė atsakė: "Netrukus sužinos."
04:09
(Laughter)
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(Juokas)
Kai mano sūnui buvo ketveri metai Anglijoje -
04:20
When my son was four in England --
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tiesą sakant, tuomet jam buvo ketveri visur. (Juokas)
04:23
Actually, he was four
everywhere, to be honest.
everywhere, to be honest.
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Tikslumo labui turiu pasakyti, kad tais metais, kur bekeliautų, jis buvo ketverių.
04:25
(Laughter)
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04:27
If we're being strict about it,
wherever he went, he was four that year.
wherever he went, he was four that year.
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Jis vaidino spektaklyje apie Kristaus gimimą.
04:30
He was in the Nativity play.
Do you remember the story?
Do you remember the story?
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Ar atsimenate tą siužetą? Didingas siužetas.
04:33
(Laughter)
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04:34
No, it was big, it was a big story.
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Didinga istorija. Melas Gibsonas ekranizavo jos tęsinį.
04:36
Mel Gibson did the sequel,
you may have seen it.
you may have seen it.
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Galbūt matėte jį - "Kristaus gimimas II". Taigi, Džeimsas gavo Juozapo vaidmenį,
04:38
(Laughter)
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04:40
"Nativity II."
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04:41
But James got the part of Joseph,
which we were thrilled about.
which we were thrilled about.
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ir mes dėl to labai džiaugėmės ir jaudinomės.
04:45
We considered this to be
one of the lead parts.
one of the lead parts.
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Žinojome, kad tai vienas iš pagrindinių vaidmenų.
Salė mirgėjo nuo gausybės žmonių, ant kurių marškinėlių puikavosi užrašas:
04:48
We had the place crammed
full of agents in T-shirts:
full of agents in T-shirts:
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"Džeimsas Robinsonas YRA Juozapas!" (Juokas)
04:50
"James Robinson IS Joseph!" (Laughter)
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04:53
He didn't have to speak,
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Spektaklyje sūnui nereikėjo kalbėti. Ir štai prasidėjo epizodas,
04:54
but you know the bit
where the three kings come in?
where the three kings come in?
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kada atvyksta trys karaliai: įeina su dovanomis,
04:57
They come in bearing gifts,
gold, frankincense and myrrh.
gold, frankincense and myrrh.
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atnešdami aukso, miros ir smilkalų.
04:59
This really happened.
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Viskas taip ir vyko. Mes sėdėjome ir žiūrėjome;
05:00
We were sitting there and I think
they just went out of sequence,
they just went out of sequence,
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ir man pasirodė, kad jie susipainiojo;
todėl po spektaklio vieno berniuko paklausiau:
05:04
because we talked to the little boy
afterward and we said,
afterward and we said,
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"Ar taip viskas ir turėjo vykti?" Jis atsakė: "Taip, o kodėl klausiatė? Ar kažkas buvo blogai?"
05:06
"You OK with that?" And he said,
"Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
"Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
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Tik truputį pakeitė žodį.
05:09
They just switched.
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Taigi, įėjo trys berniukai,
05:10
The three boys came in,
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keturmečiai, su rankšluoščiais ant galvų,
05:12
four-year-olds with tea towels
on their heads,
on their heads,
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ir ant žemės padėjo dėžutes.
05:14
and they put these boxes down,
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05:15
and the first boy said,
"I bring you gold."
"I bring you gold."
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Pirmasis berniukas pasakė: "Aš atnešiau tau aukso."
05:17
And the second boy said,
"I bring you myrrh."
"I bring you myrrh."
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Antrasis berniukas pasakė: "Aš atnešiau tau miros."
05:20
And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."
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O trečiasis berniukas pasakė: "Aš atnešiau tau smilgų." (Juokas)
05:22
(Laughter)
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05:34
What these things have in common
is that kids will take a chance.
is that kids will take a chance.
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Abu pasakojimus vienija idėja, kad vaikai nesutriks, jie pasinaudos galimybe.
Jeigu jie ko nežino, pabandys rasti išeitį.
05:37
If they don't know, they'll have a go.
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Tiesa? Jie nebijo suklysti.
05:40
Am I right? They're not
frightened of being wrong.
frightened of being wrong.
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Nenoriu pasakyti, kad klysti yra tas pats, kas būti kūrybiškam.
05:44
I don't mean to say that being wrong
is the same thing as being creative.
is the same thing as being creative.
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Bet tikrai žinome,
05:48
What we do know is,
if you're not prepared to be wrong,
if you're not prepared to be wrong,
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kad jei nesi pasiruošęs suklysti,
05:52
you'll never come up
with anything original --
with anything original --
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tuomet niekad nesukursi kažko originalaus.
05:54
if you're not prepared to be wrong.
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Jei nesi pasiruošęs suklysti.
05:56
And by the time they get to be adults,
most kids have lost that capacity.
most kids have lost that capacity.
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Ilgainiui vaikai suaugs, ir daugelis iš jų šitą gebėjimą praras.
Jie bijos suklysti.
06:01
They have become
frightened of being wrong.
frightened of being wrong.
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Beje, šis principas būdingas visoms mūsų įstaigoms ir įmonėms.
06:03
And we run our companies like this.
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Mes pasmerkiame klaidas.
06:05
We stigmatize mistakes.
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06:07
And we're now running
national education systems
national education systems
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Dabartinėje nacionalinėje švietimo sistemoje
06:09
where mistakes are the worst
thing you can make.
thing you can make.
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klaidos yra pats blogiausias dalykas, kurį žmogus gali padaryti.
06:12
And the result is that
we are educating people
we are educating people
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Pasekmė ta, kad taip belavindami žmogų
06:15
out of their creative capacities.
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numariname jo kūrybinius gebėjimus. Pikaso kartą pasakė,
06:18
Picasso once said this, he said
that all children are born artists.
that all children are born artists.
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kad visi vaikai yra gimę menininkais.
06:22
The problem is to remain an artist
as we grow up.
as we grow up.
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Problema yra išlikti menininku beaugant. Karštai tuo tikiu -
06:25
I believe this passionately,
that we don't grow into creativity,
that we don't grow into creativity,
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mes neužaugame iki kūrybiškumo,
mes išaugame iš jo. Arba veikiau - mus išlavina iš jo.
06:29
we grow out of it.
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06:30
Or rather, we get educated out if it.
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Tad kodėl taip yra?
06:33
So why is this?
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Prieš penkerius metus gyvenau Stratforde prie Eivono.
06:34
I lived in Stratford-on-Avon
until about five years ago.
until about five years ago.
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Iš Stratfordo mes persikėlėme į Los Andželą.
06:38
In fact, we moved
from Stratford to Los Angeles.
from Stratford to Los Angeles.
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Tad galite įsivaizduoti, koks "menkutis" tai buvo persikraustymas. (Juokas)
06:41
So you can imagine
what a seamless transition that was.
what a seamless transition that was.
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Tiesą sakant,
06:44
(Laughter)
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06:46
Actually, we lived in a place
called Snitterfield,
called Snitterfield,
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gyvenome greta Stratfordo - Sniterfilde.
Tai vietovė, kurioje gimė Šekspyro tėvas.
06:48
just outside Stratford,
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06:49
which is where
Shakespeare's father was born.
Shakespeare's father was born.
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Ar jūsų nepribloškė ši nauja mintis? Mane pribloškė:
06:52
Are you struck by a new thought? I was.
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06:54
You don't think of Shakespeare
having a father, do you?
having a father, do you?
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juk nepagalvojome, kad Šekspyras turėjo tėvą, tiesa?
Nes apie Šekspyrą negalvojate
06:57
Do you? Because you don't think
of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
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kaip apie vaiką, ar ne?
07:01
Shakespeare being seven?
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Septynmetį Šekspyrą... Ir aš niekad negalvojau.
07:02
I never thought of it.
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07:03
I mean, he was seven at some point.
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Bet juk kažkada jam buvo septyneri. Pas kažką jis
07:05
He was in somebody's
English class, wasn't he?
English class, wasn't he?
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eidavo mokytis anglų kalbos... Turėdavo išklausyti pamokymus:
07:07
(Laughter)
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07:14
How annoying would that be?
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"Turi labiau stengtis." (Juokas) O tėtis varydavo miegoti,
07:16
(Laughter)
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07:23
"Must try harder."
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07:24
(Laughter)
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07:28
Being sent to bed by his dad, you know,
to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!
to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!
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šaukdamas Šekspyrui: "Eik gulti, tučtuojau!"
Viljamui Šekspyrui... "Ir padėk šalin pieštuką.
07:32
And put the pencil down."
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Ir baik šitaip kalbėti. Kvaršini visiems galvą!"
07:34
(Laughter)
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07:35
"And stop speaking like that."
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07:37
(Laughter)
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07:41
"It's confusing everybody."
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(Juokas)
07:42
(Laughter)
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Taigi, mes persikėlėme iš Stratfordo į Los Andželą, -
07:47
Anyway, we moved
from Stratford to Los Angeles,
from Stratford to Los Angeles,
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noriu kelis žodžius pasakyti apie šį persikėlimą.
07:53
and I just want to say a word
about the transition.
about the transition.
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Mano sūnus nenorėjo važiuoti.
07:55
My son didn't want to come.
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07:57
I've got two kids;
he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
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Iš viso turiu du vaikus. Dabar sūnui 21-eri, dukrai - 16.
08:00
He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.
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Jis nenorėjo vykti į Los Andželą. Nors miestas jam patiko,
tačiau Anglijoje jis turėjo merginą. Tai buvo jo gyvenimo meilė, Sara.
08:02
He loved it, but he had
a girlfriend in England.
a girlfriend in England.
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08:05
This was the love of his life, Sarah.
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Jie buvo susipažinę prieš mėnesį.
08:08
He'd known her for a month.
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Jie buvo atšventę savo pažinties keturių savaičių sukaktį, -
08:10
(Laughter)
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08:11
Mind you, they'd had
their fourth anniversary,
their fourth anniversary,
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tai ilgas laikotarpis, kai esi 16-kos metų.
08:13
because it's a long time when you're 16.
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Taigi, lėktuve jis buvo labai nusiminęs,
08:16
He was really upset on the plane,
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jis pasakė: "Niekad nerasiu tokios merginos kaip Sara."
08:18
he said, "I'll never find
another girl like Sarah."
another girl like Sarah."
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Tiesą pasakius, mes dėl to visai džiaugėmės,
08:20
And we were rather pleased
about that, frankly --
about that, frankly --
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nes ji ir buvo pagrindinė priežastis, dėl kurios išvykome iš šalies.
08:23
(Laughter)
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08:31
Because she was the main reason
we were leaving the country.
we were leaving the country.
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(Juokas)
08:34
(Laughter)
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Tačiau jautiesi šokiruotas, kai atvyksti į Ameriką,
kai apkeliauji po pasaulį ir pamatai,
08:40
But something strikes you
when you move to America
when you move to America
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kad visos švietimo sistemos šioje planetoje turi tokią pačią dalykų hierarchiją.
08:42
and travel around the world:
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08:43
Every education system on Earth
has the same hierarchy of subjects.
has the same hierarchy of subjects.
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Visos. Kur benuvyktum.
08:47
Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.
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Manai, kad turėtų būti kitaip, bet kitaip nėra.
08:49
You'd think it would be
otherwise, but it isn't.
otherwise, but it isn't.
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Hierarchijos viršuje yra matematika ir kalbos,
08:51
At the top are mathematics and languages,
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po to eina humanitariniai dalykai, ir apačioje - menai.
08:53
then the humanities,
and at the bottom are the arts.
and at the bottom are the arts.
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Visur šioje Žemėje.
08:56
Everywhere on Earth.
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Beveik kiekvienoje sistemoje
08:57
And in pretty much every system too,
there's a hierarchy within the arts.
there's a hierarchy within the arts.
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yra ir menų hierarchija.
09:01
Art and music are normally
given a higher status in schools
given a higher status in schools
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Mokyklose dailei ir muzikai paprastai suteikiamas aukštesnis statusas,
negu teatrui ir šokiui. Planetoje nėra tokios švietimo sistemos,
09:04
than drama and dance.
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09:05
There isn't an education
system on the planet
system on the planet
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kurioje vaikai kiekvieną dieną būtų mokomi šokio taip,
09:07
that teaches dance everyday to children
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kaip dabar yra mokomi matematikos. Kodėl?
09:09
the way we teach them mathematics. Why?
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O kodėl gi ne? Manau, kad tai gana svarbu.
09:12
Why not? I think this is rather important.
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Matematika yra labai svarbi, bet ne mažiau svarbus ir šokis.
09:15
I think math is very
important, but so is dance.
important, but so is dance.
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Vaikai šoka visą laiką, jeigu jiems tik leidžiama; mes visi šokame.
09:17
Children dance all the time
if they're allowed to, we all do.
if they're allowed to, we all do.
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Visi mes turime kūnus, argi ne? ...Ar nepraleidau susirinkimo? (Juokas)
09:20
We all have bodies, don't we?
Did I miss a meeting?
Did I miss a meeting?
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09:23
(Laughter)
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Iš tiesų vyksta štai kas:
09:26
Truthfully, what happens is,
as children grow up,
as children grow up,
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vaikams augant mes juos pradedame lavinti nuo juosmens į viršų,
09:28
we start to educate them progressively
from the waist up.
from the waist up.
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o paskui apsistojame ties galvomis,
09:31
And then we focus on their heads.
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ir labiau - ties viena galvos puse.
09:33
And slightly to one side.
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Jeigu būtumėte ateivis ir norėtumėte sužinoti,
09:35
If you were to visit
education, as an alien,
education, as an alien,
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09:38
and say "What's it for, public education?"
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koks yra viešojo švietimo tikslas,
09:41
I think you'd have to conclude,
if you look at the output,
if you look at the output,
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tuomet žvelgdamas į švietimo "produktus",
- tuos, kurie yra laikomi pažangiais,
09:43
who really succeeds by this,
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kurie padaro viską kas liepiama,
09:45
who does everything that they should,
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09:47
who gets all the brownie
points, who are the winners --
points, who are the winners --
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kurie surenka maksimalų taškų skaičių už gerą darbą, kurie yra nugalėtojai -
09:49
I think you'd have to conclude
the whole purpose of public education
the whole purpose of public education
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tuomet, manau, padarytumėte išvadą, kad pagrindinis viešojo švietimo tikslas
visame pasaulyje
09:53
throughout the world
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yra ruošti universiteto profesorius. Tiesa?
09:54
is to produce university professors.
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09:56
Isn't it?
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09:57
They're the people who come out the top.
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Būtent jais ir tampa tie mokiniai, kurie pasiekia aukštumų.
09:59
And I used to be one, so there.
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Ir aš kažkada toks buvau! (Juokas)
10:01
(Laughter)
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Man patinka universiteto profesoriai,
10:04
And I like university
professors, but you know,
professors, but you know,
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10:07
we shouldn't hold them up
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tačiau nereikia jų laikyti žmonijos pasiekimų viršūne.
10:09
as the high-water mark
of all human achievement.
of all human achievement.
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10:12
They're just a form of life,
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Tai tik gyvenimo būdas,
10:14
another form of life.
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kitoks gyvenimo būdas. Jie gana smalsūs,
10:15
But they're rather curious, and I say this
out of affection for them.
out of affection for them.
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ir aš jaučiu jiems palankumą.
Iš savo patirties galiu pasakyti, kad profesoriai - ne visi,
10:18
There's something curious
about professors in my experience --
about professors in my experience --
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bet dauguma - kažkuo išsiskiria: jie gyvena savo galvose.
10:21
not all of them, but typically,
they live in their heads.
they live in their heads.
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Jie gyvena viršutinėje kūno dalyje, ir kiek labiau - vienoje galvos pusėje.
10:24
They live up there,
and slightly to one side.
and slightly to one side.
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Vaizdingai išsireiškiant, jie "nukūninti".
10:27
They're disembodied, you know,
in a kind of literal way.
in a kind of literal way.
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Į savo kūną jie žiūri
10:30
They look upon their body as a form
of transport for their heads.
of transport for their heads.
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kaip į transporto priemonę galvai. (Juokas)
10:34
(Laughter)
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10:40
Don't they?
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Tai būdas nugabenti savo galvas į susirinkimus.
10:41
It's a way of getting
their head to meetings.
their head to meetings.
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10:43
(Laughter)
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Beje, jeigu norite pamatyti akivaizdų "bekūniškumo" įrodymą,
10:49
If you want real evidence
of out-of-body experiences,
of out-of-body experiences,
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atvykite į metinę konferenciją,
10:52
get yourself along to a residential
conference of senior academics,
conference of senior academics,
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į kurią susirenka garbaus amžiaus profesūra,
ir nueikite į baigiamojo vakaro diskoteką. (Juokas)
10:56
and pop into the discotheque
on the final night.
on the final night.
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10:58
(Laughter)
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Tenai pamatysite suaugusius vyrus ir moteris,
11:01
And there, you will see it.
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11:02
Grown men and women
writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
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kurie kraiposi padrikai, nepataikydami į ritmą, negalėdami sulaukti,
11:07
(Laughter)
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kada pagaliau viskas baigsis ir jie galės eiti namo ir sėsti rašyti apie tai pranešimą.
11:09
Waiting until it ends so they can
go home and write a paper about it.
go home and write a paper about it.
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Dabar mūsų švietimo sistema paremta akademinių gebėjimų idėja.
11:13
(Laughter)
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11:15
Our education system is predicated
on the idea of academic ability.
on the idea of academic ability.
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Ir tam yra priežastis.
11:19
And there's a reason.
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Ši sistema buvo sukurta...
11:20
Around the world, there were
no public systems of education,
no public systems of education,
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Iki XIX amžiaus pasaulyje nebuvo viešojo švietimo sistemų.
11:23
really, before the 19th century.
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Jos atsirado tam,
11:26
They all came into being
to meet the needs of industrialism.
to meet the needs of industrialism.
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kad patenkintų industrializmo poreikius.
Taigi, mokomųjų dalykų hierarchija paremta dviem idėjomis.
11:29
So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
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Pirmoji: dalykai, kurie labiausiai naudingi darbinei veiklai, turi būti viršuje.
11:31
Number one, that the most useful
subjects for work are at the top.
subjects for work are at the top.
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Tikėtina, kad mokyklos laikais,
11:36
So you were
probably steered benignly away
probably steered benignly away
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jus geranoriškai stengdavosi atkalbėti
11:38
from things at school when you
were a kid, things you liked,
were a kid, things you liked,
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2934
nuo tų dalykų, kurie jums patiko,
tačiau nežadėjo geros darbo vietos. Tiesa?
11:41
on the grounds that you would
never get a job doing that. Is that right?
never get a job doing that. Is that right?
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"Neužsiimk muzika - juk nebūsi muzikantas".
11:44
Don't do music, you're not
going to be a musician;
going to be a musician;
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"Mesk šalin piešimą - juk nebūsi dailininkas"...
11:46
don't do art, you won't be an artist.
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11:48
Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.
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Šiais laikais toks geranoriškas patarimas būtų iš esmės klaidingas.
11:52
The whole world
is engulfed in a revolution.
is engulfed in a revolution.
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Visas pasaulis išgyvena revoliuciją.
Antroji idėja: akademiniai gebėjimai yra tapę
11:54
And the second is academic ability,
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11:56
which has really come to dominate
our view of intelligence,
our view of intelligence,
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vyraujančiu intelekto rodikliu,
nes universitetai lavinimo sistemą sukūrė pagal savo pačių paveikslą.
11:59
because the universities designed
the system in their image.
the system in their image.
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Gerai pagalvojus, visame pasaulyje
12:02
If you think of it, the whole system
of public education around the world
of public education around the world
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3494
visa viešojo švietimo sistema
yra pailgintas stojimo į universitetą procesas.
12:05
is a protracted process
of university entrance.
of university entrance.
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Ir pasekmė yra ta, kad daug labai gabių, puikių,
12:08
And the consequence
is that many highly-talented,
is that many highly-talented,
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kūrybingų žmonių mano, kad jie tokie nėra,
12:10
brilliant, creative
people think they're not,
people think they're not,
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2435
nes tie dalykai, kurie jiems gerai sekėsi mokykloje,
12:12
because the thing
they were good at at school
they were good at at school
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nebuvo vertinami arba netgi buvo slopinami.
12:15
wasn't valued,
or was actually stigmatized.
or was actually stigmatized.
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12:17
And I think we can't afford
to go on that way.
to go on that way.
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Manau, kad negalime sau leisti toliau eiti tokiu keliu.
12:19
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,
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Pagal UNESCO, per artimiausius 30 metų
visame pasaulyje išsilavins daugiau žmonių,
12:22
more people worldwide will be graduating
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2810
negu nuo žmonijos istorijos pradžios.
12:25
through education
than since the beginning of history.
than since the beginning of history.
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Daugiau žmonių! Ir tai dėka visų tų dalykų,
12:27
More people, and it's the combination
of all the things we've talked about --
of all the things we've talked about --
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apie kuriuos buvo kalbėta -
dėl technologijų ir jų įtakos darbui, dėl demografijos -
12:31
technology and its transformation
effect on work, and demography
effect on work, and demography
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milžiniško Žemės gyventojų pagausėjimo.
12:34
and the huge explosion in population.
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Akimirksniu akademiniai laipsniai tampa nieko verti. Tiesa?
12:36
Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.
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Tais laikais, kai buvau studentas, jeigu turėjai laipsnį - turėjai ir darbą.
12:39
Isn't that true?
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12:40
When I was a student,
if you had a degree, you had a job.
if you had a degree, you had a job.
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Jeigu darbo neturėjai, vadinasi jo nenorėjai.
12:43
If you didn't have a job,
it's because you didn't want one.
it's because you didn't want one.
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Aš, tiesą sakant, jo nenorėjau. (Juokas)
12:46
And I didn't want one, frankly. (Laughter)
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12:49
But now kids with degrees
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Bet dabar jaunuoliai su laipsniu dažnai traukia namo
12:53
are often heading home
to carry on playing video games,
to carry on playing video games,
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3045
žaisti kompiuterinių žaidimų,
nes dabar jau reikia magistro ten, kur anksčiau užteko bakalauro,
12:56
because you need an MA where
the previous job required a BA,
the previous job required a BA,
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3198
o kitam darbui reikės jau daktaro laipsnio.
12:59
and now you need a PhD for the other.
276
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1787
Tai akademinės infliacijos procesas.
13:01
It's a process of academic inflation.
277
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1776
13:03
And it indicates the whole
structure of education
structure of education
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Jis parodo, kad visa švietimo struktūra
ima svyruoti po mūsų kojomis. Turime radikaliai permąstyti
13:05
is shifting beneath our feet.
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13:06
We need to radically rethink
our view of intelligence.
our view of intelligence.
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2620
savo požiūrį į išsilavinimą.
Apie išsilavinimą žinome tris dalykus.
13:09
We know three things about intelligence.
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1995
Pirma, jis yra įvairiapusiškas. Apie pasaulį mąstome visais būdais,
13:11
One, it's diverse.
282
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1227
13:12
We think about the world in all the ways
that we experience it.
that we experience it.
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3005
kuriais jį patiriame.
Mąstome vizualiai, mąstome akustiškai, mąstome kinestetiškai,
13:15
We think visually, we think in sound,
we think kinesthetically.
we think kinesthetically.
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2976
mąstome abstrakčiomis sąvokomis, mąstome judėdami.
13:18
We think in abstract terms,
we think in movement.
we think in movement.
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2301
Antra, išsilavinimas yra dinamiškas.
13:21
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.
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1754
Pažvelgus į žmogaus smegenų sąveiką,
13:23
If you look at the interactions
of a human brain,
of a human brain,
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2389
13:26
as we heard yesterday
from a number of presentations,
from a number of presentations,
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apie kurią vakar girdėjome iš kelių profesorių, matyti,
13:29
intelligence is wonderfully interactive.
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1976
kad lavinimasis yra nepaprastai sąveikus procesas.
13:31
The brain isn't divided into compartments.
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2238
Smegenys nėra padalintos į skyrius.
13:33
In fact, creativity --
which I define as the process
which I define as the process
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3103
Tiesą sakant, kūrybiškumas - kurį apibrėžiu
13:37
of having original ideas
that have value --
that have value --
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kaip originalių, vertę turinčių idėjų kūrimo procesą -
dažniau pasireiškia jungiant ir gretinant skirtingas disciplinas,
13:39
more often than not comes about
through the interaction
through the interaction
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kurioms būdingi skirtingi požiūriai.
13:42
of different disciplinary
ways of seeing things.
ways of seeing things.
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3000
Smegenys tikslingai... Beje,
13:46
By the way, there's a shaft of nerves
that joins the two halves of the brain
that joins the two halves of the brain
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3666
yra nervų šaka, kuri jungia abu pusrutulius,
13:50
called the corpus callosum.
296
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ji vadinama corpus callosum. Moterų organizme ši jungtis storesnė.
13:51
It's thicker in women.
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Tęsiant vakarykštę Helenos mintį, manau,
13:53
Following off from Helen yesterday,
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tai gali paaiškinti, kodėl moterys vienu metu daugiau užduočių atlieka geriau.
13:54
this is probably why women
are better at multi-tasking.
are better at multi-tasking.
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13:58
Because you are, aren't you?
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Juk tai tiesa, ar ne?
13:59
There's a raft of research,
but I know it from my personal life.
but I know it from my personal life.
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Yra begalė tyrimų, tačiau aš tai žinau iš asmeninio patyrimo.
Jeigu mano žmona namuose gamina valgį -
14:03
If my wife is cooking a meal at home --
which is not often, thankfully.
which is not often, thankfully.
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kas, tiesą sakant, būna ne taip dažnai... (Juokas)
14:09
(Laughter)
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...ji yra įgudusi kituose dalykuose.
14:11
No, she's good at some things,
but if she's cooking,
but if she's cooking,
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Taigi, kai ji gamina maistą,
ji kalbasi su žmonėmis telefonu,
14:14
she's dealing with people on the phone,
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1876
kalbasi su vaikais, dažo lubas,
14:16
she's talking to the kids,
she's painting the ceiling,
she's painting the ceiling,
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832300
2556
14:18
she's doing open-heart surgery over here.
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atlieka atvirą širdies operaciją...
14:22
If I'm cooking, the door
is shut, the kids are out,
is shut, the kids are out,
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838000
2976
Jeigu gaminu aš, tuomet durys užtrenktos, vaikai lauke,
14:25
the phone's on the hook,
if she comes in I get annoyed.
if she comes in I get annoyed.
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2976
telefonas išjungtas, o jei užsuka žmona - susierzinu ir sakau:
14:28
I say, "Terry, please,
I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
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"Tere, prašau, aš čia bandau iškepti kiaušinienę. Duok man susikaupti." (Juokas)
14:31
(Laughter)
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14:38
"Give me a break."
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14:39
(Laughter)
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1720
Ar žinote tą seną filosofinį klausimą:
14:41
Actually, do you know
that old philosophical thing,
that old philosophical thing,
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Jeigu miške nuvirsta medis ir niekas to neišgirsta, ar tai iš tikrųjų įvyko?
14:43
if a tree falls in a forest
and nobody hears it, did it happen?
and nobody hears it, did it happen?
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3253
Atsimenate?
14:47
Remember that old chestnut?
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863252
1329
14:48
I saw a great t-shirt
recently, which said,
recently, which said,
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864605
2409
Neseniai mačiau marškinėlius su užrašu: "Jeigu miške
14:51
"If a man speaks his mind
in a forest, and no woman hears him,
in a forest, and no woman hears him,
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3938
vyras pasako savo nuomonę ir nė viena moteris jo neišgirsta,
14:55
is he still wrong?"
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ar jis vis tiek neteisus?" (Juokas)
14:56
(Laughter)
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15:03
And the third thing about intelligence is,
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2000
Na ir trečiasis dalykas dėl išsilavinimo yra tas,
15:06
it's distinct.
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kad išsilavinimas yra individualus. Šiuo metu rengiu naują knygą,
15:07
I'm doing a new book at the moment
called "Epiphany,"
called "Epiphany,"
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2573
kuri vadinsis "Trys Karaliai". Knygą sudaro interviu rinkinys
15:10
which is based on a series
of interviews with people
of interviews with people
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- pokalbiai su žmonėmis apie tai, kaip jie atrado savo talentą.
15:12
about how they discovered their talent.
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1920
Neįtikėtina, kokius vingius žmonėms tekdavo įveikti.
15:14
I'm fascinated
by how people got to be there.
by how people got to be there.
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2169
Šios knygos idėja kilo pasikalbėjus
15:16
It's really prompted by a conversation
I had with a wonderful woman
I had with a wonderful woman
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892986
3190
su nuostabia moterimi, apie kurią galbūt
dauguma nesate girdėję, - tai Džiliana Lyn,
15:20
who maybe most people
have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
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2676
esat girdėję? Kai kurie yra. Ji yra choreografė.
15:22
Have you heard of her? Some have.
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Tačiau jos pastatymus žino visi.
15:24
She's a choreographer,
and everybody knows her work.
and everybody knows her work.
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2522
Jos darbai - "Katės" ir "Operos fantomas".
15:27
She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."
331
903100
2001
Ji nepakartojama. Kai Anglijoje buvau Karališkojo Baleto valdybos narys,
15:29
She's wonderful.
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905125
978
15:30
I used to be on the board
of The Royal Ballet,
of The Royal Ballet,
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906127
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apie ką galite nuspėti -
15:32
as you can see.
334
908297
1201
15:33
Anyway, Gillian and I had
lunch one day and I said,
lunch one day and I said,
335
909522
2400
kartą su Džiliana pietavome, ir jos paklausiau:
"Džiliana, kaip tu tapai šokėja?" Ji atsakė, kad labai įdomiai.
15:36
"How did you get to be a dancer?"
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1800
15:37
It was interesting.
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1000
Kai mokėsi mokykloje,
15:39
When she was at school,
she was really hopeless.
she was really hopeless.
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2350
ji buvo beviltiškas vaikas. Tai buvo ketvirtasis dešimtmetis. Mokyklos administracija
15:41
And the school, in the '30s,
wrote to her parents and said,
wrote to her parents and said,
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917374
3602
jos tėvams išsiuntė laišką, kuriame buvo rašoma: "Mūsų nuomone,
15:45
"We think Gillian
has a learning disorder."
has a learning disorder."
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921000
2000
Džiliana turi mokymosi sutrikimų". Ji negalėjo susikaupti,
nenustygdavo vietoje. Manau, šiandien jie parašytų:
15:47
She couldn't concentrate;
she was fidgeting.
she was fidgeting.
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923024
2142
ADHD (dėmesio sutrikimas, hiperaktyvumas). Ar neparašytumėte?
15:49
I think now they'd say she had ADHD.
Wouldn't you?
Wouldn't you?
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3290
15:52
But this was the 1930s, and ADHD
hadn't been invented at this point.
hadn't been invented at this point.
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4059
Tačiau tai buvo 1930-ieji, ir ADHD dar nebuvo išrastas.
Tai dar nebuvo priežastis, kuria galima buvo pasiremti. (Juokas)
15:56
It wasn't an available condition.
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2389
15:59
(Laughter)
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Žmonės dar nežinojo, kad tokią priežastį gali turėti po ranka.
16:01
People weren't aware they could have that.
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2060
Kaip bebūtų, mergaitę nuvedė pas specialistą.
16:03
(Laughter)
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939845
2134
16:06
Anyway, she went to see this specialist.
348
942003
4278
Ąžuolo apdailos kambaryje kartu su mergaite buvo jos mama;
kol mama su gydytoju kalbėjosi apie mergaitės problemas,
16:10
So, this oak-paneled room,
and she was there with her mother,
and she was there with her mother,
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946305
3722
užgriuvusias ją mokykloje,
16:14
and she was led and sat
on this chair at the end,
on this chair at the end,
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950051
2477
Džiliana apie 20 minučių sėdėjo kėdėje,
16:16
and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes
while this man talked to her mother
while this man talked to her mother
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952552
3639
ant savo delnų.
16:20
about the problems
Gillian was having at school.
Gillian was having at school.
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2328
Mokytojai skundėsi, kad mergaitė trukdo kitiems,
16:22
Because she was disturbing people;
her homework was always late; and so on,
her homework was always late; and so on,
353
958567
3677
kad visad vėluoja atlikti namų darbus ir t.t.
Aštuonerių metų vaikelis... Pasibaigus pokalbiui gydytojas priėjo prie Džilianos,
16:26
little kid of eight.
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962268
1096
16:27
In the end, the doctor
went and sat next to Gillian, and said,
went and sat next to Gillian, and said,
355
963388
3055
atsisėdo greta ir pasakė: "Džiliana,
aš išklausiau tavo mamą,
16:30
"I've listened to all these
things your mother's told me,
things your mother's told me,
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966467
2705
turiu su ja pasikalbėti asmeniškai.
16:33
I need to speak to her privately.
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969196
1619
"Pabūk čia, mes netrukus grįšime" -
16:34
Wait here. We'll be back;
we won't be very long,"
we won't be very long,"
358
970839
2376
ir jiedu išėjo, palikdami kambaryje mergaitę vieną.
16:37
and they went and left her.
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973239
2325
Prieš išeidamas gydytojas įjungė radijo imtuvą,
16:39
But as they went out of the room,
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975588
1636
stovėjusį ant jo stalo.
16:41
he turned on the radio
that was sitting on his desk.
that was sitting on his desk.
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977248
2500
Išėjęs iš kambario gydytojas pasakė mamai:
16:44
And when they got out, he said to her
mother, "Just stand and watch her."
mother, "Just stand and watch her."
362
980342
3430
"Iš tolo stebėkite ją."
16:48
And the minute they left the room,
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984000
2991
Kai tik suaugusieji išėjo, Džiliana pašoko ant kojų ir ėmė suktis pagal muziką.
16:51
she was on her feet, moving to the music.
364
987015
2484
Jie stebėjo ją kelias minutes.
16:53
And they watched for a few minutes
and he turned to her mother and said,
and he turned to her mother and said,
365
989523
3453
Gydytojas atsisuko į mamą ir pasakė:
16:57
"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian
isn't sick; she's a dancer.
isn't sick; she's a dancer.
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993000
3976
"Ponia Lyn, Džilianos sveikata nėra sutrikusi, ji yra šokėja.
17:01
Take her to a dance school."
367
997000
1976
Veskite ją į šokių mokyklą."
17:03
I said, "What happened?"
368
999000
1976
Paklausiau: "Ir kas nutiko paskui?"
17:05
She said, "She did. I can't tell you
how wonderful it was.
how wonderful it was.
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1001000
2976
Ji atsakė: "Mane ir nuvedė. Negaliu apsakyti, koks nuostabus buvo jausmas.
17:08
We walked in this room
and it was full of people like me.
and it was full of people like me.
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1004000
2753
Įėjome į patalpą, kuri buvo pilna žmonių -
tokių kaip aš. Žmonių, kurie negalėjo ramiai nustygti vietoje.
17:10
People who couldn't sit still.
371
1006777
2199
17:13
People who had to move to think."
Who had to move to think.
Who had to move to think.
372
1009000
4587
Žmonių, kuriems reikėjo judėti, kad galėtų galvoti." Judėti, kad galėtų galvoti.
Jie šoko baletą, čečiotką, džiazą,
17:17
They did ballet, they did tap, jazz;
they did modern; they did contemporary.
they did modern; they did contemporary.
373
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3630
jie šoko moderną, šiuolaikinius šokius.
Galų gale ji perėjo Karališkosios baleto mokyklos atranką,
17:21
She was eventually auditioned
for the Royal Ballet School;
for the Royal Ballet School;
374
1017400
2820
ten tapo soliste, susikūrė puikią karjerą
17:24
she became a soloist; she had
a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
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1020244
3299
Karališkajame balete.
Vėliau baigė Karališkąją baleto mokyklą
17:27
She eventually graduated
from the Royal Ballet School,
from the Royal Ballet School,
376
1023567
2608
ir įkūrė nuosavą įstaigą "Džilianos Lyn šokio namus",
17:30
founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,
377
1026200
1975
sutiko Endriu Loidą Veberį. Buvo atsakinga
17:32
met Andrew Lloyd Webber.
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1243
17:33
She's been responsible for
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1029568
1409
už kai kuriuos muzikinio teatro istorijoje sėkmingiausius pastatymus;
17:35
some of the most successful
musical theater productions in history,
musical theater productions in history,
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1031001
3146
savo darbu ji suteikė džiaugsmo milijonams žmonių,
17:38
she's given pleasure to millions,
and she's a multi-millionaire.
and she's a multi-millionaire.
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1034172
3072
17:41
Somebody else might have put her
on medication and told her to calm down.
on medication and told her to calm down.
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1037269
4070
ir ji - multimilijonierė.
Kitas gydytojas galėjo jai paskirti vaistus
17:45
(Applause)
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6782
ir priversti ją nurimti.
Manau, kad dabar... (Plojimai) Savo mintį galiu išsakyti taip:
17:52
What I think it comes to is this:
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1048575
1601
Alas Goras aną vakarą kalbėjo
17:54
Al Gore spoke the other night
385
1050200
1776
17:56
about ecology and the revolution
that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
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1052000
4269
apie ekologiją ir revoliuciją, kuriai pradžią davė Rachelė Karson.
Tikiu, kad vienintelė mūsų ateities viltis
18:01
I believe our only hope for the future
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1057111
2166
yra naujas požiūris į žmogaus ekologiją, -
18:03
is to adopt a new conception
of human ecology,
of human ecology,
388
1059301
3833
kitoks supratimas apie žmogaus gebėjimus,
18:07
one in which we start
to reconstitute our conception
to reconstitute our conception
389
1063158
2818
18:10
of the richness of human capacity.
390
1066000
1976
pripažįstantis jų įvairovę ir spalvingumą.
18:12
Our education system has mined our minds
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1068000
3499
Mūsų švietimo sistema iškasė šachtas mūsų protuose taip pat,
18:15
in the way that we strip-mine the earth:
for a particular commodity.
for a particular commodity.
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3276
kaip mes jas kasame žemėje - dėl tam tikros vienos prekės.
Ateityje šis požiūris mums nebus naudingas.
18:19
And for the future, it won't serve us.
393
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2484
Turime permąstyti pamatinius principus,
18:21
We have to rethink
the fundamental principles
the fundamental principles
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1077696
2280
18:24
on which we're educating our children.
395
1080000
1968
kuriais grindžiame savo vaikų lavinimą.
Yra puiki Jono Salko citata:
18:26
There was a wonderful quote
by Jonas Salk, who said,
by Jonas Salk, who said,
396
1082087
2674
18:28
"If all the insects
were to disappear from the Earth,
were to disappear from the Earth,
397
1084785
5039
"Jeigu Žemėje išnyktų visi vabzdžiai,
po 50 metų planetoje neliktų gyvybės.
18:33
within 50 years all life
on Earth would end.
on Earth would end.
398
1089848
2841
Jeigu žemėje išnyktų visi žmonės,
18:37
If all human beings
disappeared from the Earth,
disappeared from the Earth,
399
1093688
3072
po 50 metų visos rūšys Žemėje suklestėtų."
18:40
within 50 years all forms
of life would flourish."
of life would flourish."
400
1096784
2634
Ir jis teisus.
18:44
And he's right.
401
1100244
1285
Tai, ką TED puoselėja, - tai žmogaus vaizduotės gebėjimai.
18:46
What TED celebrates is the gift
of the human imagination.
of the human imagination.
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1102291
3634
Turime juos naudoti apdairiai ir išmintingai,
18:50
We have to be careful now
403
1106417
2071
kad išvengtume kai kurių minėtų scenarijų.
18:52
that we use this gift wisely
404
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2255
18:54
and that we avert some of the scenarios
that we've talked about.
that we've talked about.
405
1110791
3229
Vienintelis būdas tai padaryti -
18:58
And the only way we'll do it is by seeing
our creative capacities
our creative capacities
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1114044
3932
tai pripažinti savo neišsemiamas kūrybines galias,
19:02
for the richness they are
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1610
kokios jos ir yra,
19:03
and seeing our children
for the hope that they are.
for the hope that they are.
408
1119634
3182
ir viltį įžvelgti mūsų vaikuose.
19:06
And our task is to educate
their whole being,
their whole being,
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2398
Mūsų užduotis - visapusiškai lavinti jų esybę, kad jie sugebėtų įžengti į ateitį.
19:09
so they can face this future.
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1484
Beje, mes galime šios ateities ir nepamatyti,
19:10
By the way -- we may not see this future,
411
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2206
19:13
but they will.
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tačiau jie pamatys. Mūsų darbas - padėti jiems
19:14
And our job is to help them
make something of it.
make something of it.
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3079
šioje ateityje gyventi prasmingai. Nuoširdžiai dėkoju už dėmesį.
19:17
Thank you very much.
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19:18
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educatorCreativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.
Why you should listen
Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."
A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com