TED2006
Sir Ken Robinson: Do schools kill creativity?
Ken Robinson diz que as escolas acabam com a criatividade
Filmed:
Readability: 3.3
64,284,825 views
Sir Ken Robinson defende de maneira divertida e profunda a criação de um sistema educacional que estimula (em vez de enfraquecer) a criatividade.
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:24
Good morning. How are you?
0
0
4678
Bom dia. Como estão? Tem sido ótimo, não tem?
00:28
(Laughter)
1
4702
1210
00:29
It's been great, hasn't it?
2
5936
2313
Fiquei maravilhado com a coisa toda.
00:32
I've been blown away by the whole thing.
3
8273
2456
00:34
In fact, I'm leaving.
4
10753
1492
Na verdade, estou indo embora. (Risos)
00:36
(Laughter)
5
12269
5567
Existem três tópicos abordados ao longo
00:42
There have been three themes
running through the conference
running through the conference
6
18015
3207
da conferência que são relevantes
00:45
which are relevant
to what I want to talk about.
to what I want to talk about.
7
21246
2507
para o que eu vou falar.
00:47
One is the extraordinary
evidence of human creativity
evidence of human creativity
8
23777
4690
O primeiro é a extraordinária evidência da criatividade humana
00:52
in all of the presentations that we've had
9
28491
2413
em todas as apresentações que tivemos
00:54
and in all of the people here.
10
30928
1801
e em todas as pessoas presentes. Sua variedade
00:56
Just the variety of it
and the range of it.
and the range of it.
11
32753
2651
e multiplicidade. O segundo é
01:00
The second is
that it's put us in a place
that it's put us in a place
12
36158
2143
o fato de que não fazemos a menor idéia do que vai acontecer
01:02
where we have no idea
what's going to happen,
what's going to happen,
13
38325
2497
01:04
in terms of the future.
14
40846
1391
no futuro. Nenhuma idéia
01:06
No idea how this may play out.
15
42261
2715
do que nos espera.
01:09
I have an interest in education.
16
45000
1892
Eu me interesso por educação.
01:10
Actually, what I find is everybody
has an interest in education.
has an interest in education.
17
46916
4132
Na verdade, eu descobri que todo mundo se interessa por educação.
Vocês não? Eu acho isso muito interessante.
01:15
Don't you?
18
51072
1138
01:16
I find this very interesting.
19
52234
1481
Se você estiver numa festa e disser
01:17
If you're at a dinner party,
20
53739
1757
01:19
and you say you work in education --
21
55596
2262
que trabalha com educação...
01:21
Actually, you're not often
at dinner parties, frankly.
at dinner parties, frankly.
22
57882
2964
Na verdade, você não vai a muitas festas se trabalha com educação.
01:24
(Laughter)
23
60870
3796
01:28
If you work in education,
you're not asked.
you're not asked.
24
64690
2428
(Risos) Não é convidado.
01:31
(Laughter)
25
67142
3091
E curiosamente ninguém te convida de novo. Acho isso estranho.
01:34
And you're never asked back, curiously.
That's strange to me.
That's strange to me.
26
70257
3719
01:38
But if you are, and you say to somebody,
27
74000
2475
Mas se você estiver, e contar para alguém...
Quando perguntam "O que você faz?",
01:40
you know, they say, "What do you do?"
28
76499
1777
e você responde que trabalha com educação,
01:42
and you say you work in education,
29
78300
1676
01:44
you can see the blood run from their face.
30
80000
2076
dá pra ver a pessoa ficar pálida na hora. Elas pensam:
01:46
They're like, "Oh my God,"
you know, "Why me?"
you know, "Why me?"
31
82100
2280
"Ai meu Deus! Por que eu? Logo hoje que eu saí de casa." (Risos)
01:48
(Laughter)
32
84404
1637
01:50
"My one night out all week."
33
86065
1623
01:51
(Laughter)
34
87712
2610
Mas se você perguntar sobre a educação deles,
01:54
But if you ask about their education,
they pin you to the wall.
they pin you to the wall.
35
90346
3241
eles te põem contra a parede. Porque é uma dessas coisas
01:57
Because it's one of those things
that goes deep with people, am I right?
that goes deep with people, am I right?
36
93611
3467
arraigadas nas pessoas, estou certo?
Como religião, dinheiro e outras coisas.
02:01
Like religion, and money and other things.
37
97194
3341
Eu tenho um grande interesse em educação, e acho que todos temos.
02:04
So I have a big interest in education,
and I think we all do.
and I think we all do.
38
100559
4352
Nos interessamos tanto por ela
02:08
We have a huge vested interest in it,
39
104935
1892
em parte porque é da educação o papel
02:10
partly because it's education
that's meant to take us into this future
that's meant to take us into this future
40
106851
3320
de nos conduzir a esse futuro misterioso.
02:14
that we can't grasp.
41
110195
1519
02:15
If you think of it,
children starting school this year
children starting school this year
42
111873
3499
Se formos pensar, as crianças entrando na escola esse ano
estarão se aposentando em 2065. Ninguém tem noção,
02:19
will be retiring in 2065.
43
115396
3524
02:24
Nobody has a clue,
44
120209
1634
apesar de todo conhecimento que vimos nos últimos quatro dias,
02:25
despite all the expertise that's been
on parade for the past four days,
on parade for the past four days,
45
121867
3444
de como o mundo vai estar
02:29
what the world will look like
in five years' time.
in five years' time.
46
125450
2526
em cinco anos. E ainda assim devemos
02:32
And yet we're meant
to be educating them for it.
to be educating them for it.
47
128000
2294
educá-los para esse mundo. A imprevisibilidade, pra mim,
02:34
So the unpredictability,
I think, is extraordinary.
I think, is extraordinary.
48
130318
2550
é extraordinária.
02:36
And the third part of this
49
132892
1367
A terceira coisa é que
02:38
is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,
50
134283
2037
nós todos concordamos, apesar de tudo, com a
02:40
on the really extraordinary
capacities that children have --
capacities that children have --
51
136344
5305
capacidade extraordinária que as crianças têm.
02:45
their capacities for innovation.
52
141673
2334
Sua capacidade de inovação. Sirena ontem a noite foi uma maravilha,
02:48
I mean, Sirena last night
was a marvel, wasn't she?
was a marvel, wasn't she?
53
144031
2511
não foi? Ver do que ela é capaz.
02:50
Just seeing what she could do.
54
146566
1610
Ela é excepcional, mas não acho, por assim dizer,
02:52
And she's exceptional, but I think
she's not, so to speak,
she's not, so to speak,
55
148200
4776
02:57
exceptional in the whole of childhood.
56
153000
3956
que seja uma exceção entre todas as crianças.
O que vemos ali é uma pessoa de extrema dedicação
03:00
What you have there is a person
of extraordinary dedication
of extraordinary dedication
57
156980
2796
que achou seu talento. Minha convicção é que
03:03
who found a talent.
58
159800
1267
todas as crianças têm um talento tremendo.
03:05
And my contention is,
all kids have tremendous talents.
all kids have tremendous talents.
59
161091
2609
E o desperdiçamos, implacavelmente.
03:07
And we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
60
163800
1976
Por isso eu quero falar sobre educação
03:09
So I want to talk about education
61
165800
2176
03:12
and I want to talk about creativity.
62
168000
1872
e quero falar sobre criatividade. Minha convicção é que
03:13
My contention is that creativity now
is as important in education as literacy,
is as important in education as literacy,
63
169896
6019
a criatividade hoje é tão importante na educação como a alfabetização,
e deve ser tratada com a mesma importância.
03:19
and we should treat it
with the same status.
with the same status.
64
175939
2864
(Aplausos) Obrigado. Era isso, a propósito.
03:22
(Applause) Thank you.
65
178827
1971
03:24
(Applause)
66
180822
4345
03:29
That was it, by the way.
67
185485
1259
Muito obrigado. (Risos) Então... Quinze minutos sobrando.
03:30
Thank you very much.
68
186768
1003
03:31
(Laughter)
69
187795
2115
03:33
So, 15 minutes left.
70
189934
1677
Eu nasci... Não. (Risos)
03:35
(Laughter)
71
191635
2936
03:38
Well, I was born... no.
72
194595
1892
03:40
(Laughter)
73
196511
3032
Ouvi uma história excelente há pouco. Adoro contá-la.
03:43
I heard a great story recently
-- I love telling it --
-- I love telling it --
74
199567
2745
É de uma menininha que estava numa aula de desenho. Ela tinha seis anos
03:46
of a little girl
who was in a drawing lesson.
who was in a drawing lesson.
75
202336
2715
e estava lá no fundo, desenhando.
03:49
She was six, and she was
at the back, drawing,
at the back, drawing,
76
205075
2135
A professora disse que essa menininha quase nunca
03:51
and the teacher said this girl
hardly ever paid attention,
hardly ever paid attention,
77
207234
2800
prestava atenção na aula, e dessa vez ela prestou.
03:54
and in this drawing lesson, she did.
78
210058
1786
03:55
The teacher was fascinated.
79
211868
1340
A professora ficou fascinada, foi até ela
03:57
She went over to her,
and she said, "What are you drawing?"
and she said, "What are you drawing?"
80
213232
2762
e perguntou: "O que você está desenhando?"
04:00
And the girl said, "I'm
drawing a picture of God."
drawing a picture of God."
81
216018
2491
E a menina respondeu: "Estou desenhando Deus."
04:03
And the teacher said, "But nobody
knows what God looks like."
knows what God looks like."
82
219642
3318
E a professora disse: "Mas ninguém conhece a aparência de Deus."
04:06
And the girl said,
"They will, in a minute."
"They will, in a minute."
83
222984
2088
E a menina disse: "Vão conhecer num minuto."
04:09
(Laughter)
84
225096
6782
(Risos)
Quando meu filho tinha quatro anos na Inglaterra...
04:20
When my son was four in England --
85
236662
2267
Na verdade ela tinha quatro anos em qualquer lugar, pra ser sincero. (Risos)
04:23
Actually, he was four
everywhere, to be honest.
everywhere, to be honest.
86
239413
2191
Para sermos exatos, onde quer que ele fosse, ele tinha quatro anos na ocasião.
04:25
(Laughter)
87
241628
1667
04:27
If we're being strict about it,
wherever he went, he was four that year.
wherever he went, he was four that year.
88
243404
3387
Ele estava numa peça de Natal.
04:30
He was in the Nativity play.
Do you remember the story?
Do you remember the story?
89
246815
2638
Se lembram da história? Sério, foi importante.
04:33
(Laughter)
90
249477
1219
04:34
No, it was big, it was a big story.
91
250720
1827
Foi uma grande história. Mel Gibson fez a sequência.
04:36
Mel Gibson did the sequel,
you may have seen it.
you may have seen it.
92
252571
2305
Talvez vocês tenham visto: "Natal 2". Mas o James ganhou o papel de José,
04:38
(Laughter)
93
254900
1261
04:40
"Nativity II."
94
256185
1310
04:41
But James got the part of Joseph,
which we were thrilled about.
which we were thrilled about.
95
257519
4135
o que nos deixou empolgados.
04:45
We considered this to be
one of the lead parts.
one of the lead parts.
96
261678
2537
A gente considerava ser um dos protagonistas.
Lotamos o teatro com representantes usando camisetas:
04:48
We had the place crammed
full of agents in T-shirts:
full of agents in T-shirts:
97
264239
2477
"James Robinson É José!" (Risos)
04:50
"James Robinson IS Joseph!" (Laughter)
98
266740
2236
04:53
He didn't have to speak,
99
269000
1607
Ele não tinha nenhuma fala, mas vocês conhecem
04:54
but you know the bit
where the three kings come in?
where the three kings come in?
100
270631
2438
a parte onde chegam os Reis Magos. Eles carregam presentes,
04:57
They come in bearing gifts,
gold, frankincense and myrrh.
gold, frankincense and myrrh.
101
273093
2731
e trazem ouro, incenso e mirra.
04:59
This really happened.
102
275848
1114
Isso aconteceu de verdade. Estávamos lá sentados
05:00
We were sitting there and I think
they just went out of sequence,
they just went out of sequence,
103
276986
3090
e eu acho que eles não seguiram a ordem
porque nós conversamos com o garotinho depois e perguntamos:
05:04
because we talked to the little boy
afterward and we said,
afterward and we said,
104
280100
2776
"Tudo certo?" E ele disse: "Claro! Por quê? Estava errado?"
05:06
"You OK with that?" And he said,
"Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
"Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
105
282900
2876
Eles trocaram a ordem, só isso.
05:09
They just switched.
106
285800
1076
Enfim, os três garotos entraram,
05:10
The three boys came in,
107
286900
1176
crianças de quatro anos com toalhas na cabeça,
05:12
four-year-olds with tea towels
on their heads,
on their heads,
108
288100
2187
e colocaram as caixas no chão.
05:14
and they put these boxes down,
109
290311
1491
05:15
and the first boy said,
"I bring you gold."
"I bring you gold."
110
291826
2049
O primeiro garoto disse: "Eu trago ouro."
05:17
And the second boy said,
"I bring you myrrh."
"I bring you myrrh."
111
293899
2138
O segundo garoto disse: "Eu trago mirra."
05:20
And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."
112
296061
2004
E o terceiro garoto disse: "O Frank mandou isso." (Risos)
05:22
(Laughter)
113
298089
2900
05:34
What these things have in common
is that kids will take a chance.
is that kids will take a chance.
114
310711
3090
O que essas histórias tem em comum é que as crianças correm riscos.
Se elas não sabem, elas chutam.
05:37
If they don't know, they'll have a go.
115
313825
2608
Estou certo? Elas não tem medo de errar.
05:40
Am I right? They're not
frightened of being wrong.
frightened of being wrong.
116
316457
3537
Não estou dizendo que estar errado é o mesmo que ser criativo.
05:44
I don't mean to say that being wrong
is the same thing as being creative.
is the same thing as being creative.
117
320893
3507
O que sabemos é que
05:48
What we do know is,
if you're not prepared to be wrong,
if you're not prepared to be wrong,
118
324886
3090
se você não estiver preparado para errar,
05:52
you'll never come up
with anything original --
with anything original --
119
328000
2367
você nunca terá uma idéia original.
05:54
if you're not prepared to be wrong.
120
330391
2085
Se não estiver preparado para errar. E quando chegam a fase adulta,
05:56
And by the time they get to be adults,
most kids have lost that capacity.
most kids have lost that capacity.
121
332877
4133
a maioria das crianças perdeu essa capacidade.
Elas têm pavor de estarem erradas.
06:01
They have become
frightened of being wrong.
frightened of being wrong.
122
337406
2520
E as empresas são administradas assim, por sinal.
06:03
And we run our companies like this.
123
339950
1690
Nós estigmatizamos os erros. E hoje administramos
06:05
We stigmatize mistakes.
124
341664
1652
06:07
And we're now running
national education systems
national education systems
125
343340
2302
os sistemas educacionais de um jeito
06:09
where mistakes are the worst
thing you can make.
thing you can make.
126
345666
2346
em que errar é a pior coisa que pode acontecer.
06:12
And the result is that
we are educating people
we are educating people
127
348700
3208
O resultado disso é que estamos educando as pessoas
06:15
out of their creative capacities.
128
351932
2291
para serem menos criativas. Picasso disse uma vez
06:18
Picasso once said this, he said
that all children are born artists.
that all children are born artists.
129
354247
4478
que todas as crianças nascem artistas.
06:22
The problem is to remain an artist
as we grow up.
as we grow up.
130
358749
3222
O problema é permanecer artista enquanto crescemos. Eu acredito apaixonadamente
06:25
I believe this passionately,
that we don't grow into creativity,
that we don't grow into creativity,
131
361995
3081
que não aumentamos nossa criatividade,
a diminuímos. Ou melhor, somos educados a abandoná-la.
06:29
we grow out of it.
132
365100
1856
06:30
Or rather, we get educated out if it.
133
366980
1883
Mas por quê?
06:33
So why is this?
134
369247
1473
Eu morei em Stratford-on-Avon até cinco anos atrás.
06:34
I lived in Stratford-on-Avon
until about five years ago.
until about five years ago.
135
370826
4081
Na realidade, mudamos de Stratford para Los Angeles.
06:38
In fact, we moved
from Stratford to Los Angeles.
from Stratford to Los Angeles.
136
374931
2253
Vocês podem imaginar a mudança suave que foi.
06:41
So you can imagine
what a seamless transition that was.
what a seamless transition that was.
137
377872
2664
(Risos) Na verdade,
06:44
(Laughter)
138
380560
1416
06:46
Actually, we lived in a place
called Snitterfield,
called Snitterfield,
139
382000
2376
nós moramos numa cidade chamada Snitterfield,
na periferia de Stratford, que foi onde
06:48
just outside Stratford,
140
384400
1251
06:49
which is where
Shakespeare's father was born.
Shakespeare's father was born.
141
385675
2161
o pai do Shakespeare nasceu. Vocês tiveram um estalo? Eu tive.
06:52
Are you struck by a new thought? I was.
142
388082
2375
06:54
You don't think of Shakespeare
having a father, do you?
having a father, do you?
143
390481
2595
Você nunca pensou que Shakespeare teve um pai, pensou?
Pensou? Porque você nunca pensou
06:57
Do you? Because you don't think
of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
144
393100
3876
no Shakespeare criança, pensou?
07:01
Shakespeare being seven?
145
397000
1567
Shakespeare com sete anos? Eu nunca tinha pensado. Quero dizer,
07:02
I never thought of it.
146
398591
1249
07:03
I mean, he was seven at some point.
147
399864
1684
ele algum dia teve sete anos. E aprendeu
07:05
He was in somebody's
English class, wasn't he?
English class, wasn't he?
148
401572
2310
inglês na aula de alguém, não aprendeu? Como isso seria irritante?
07:07
(Laughter)
149
403906
6787
07:14
How annoying would that be?
150
410717
1329
(Risos) "Se esforce mais." Ser mandado para cama com o pai
07:16
(Laughter)
151
412070
3000
07:23
"Must try harder."
152
419729
1035
07:24
(Laughter)
153
420788
3900
07:28
Being sent to bed by his dad, you know,
to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!
to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!
154
424712
3464
dizendo "Para cama, agora!",
para William Shakespeare. "Larga esse lápis.
07:32
And put the pencil down."
155
428200
2428
E para de falar desse jeito. Ninguém entende nada."
07:34
(Laughter)
156
430652
1074
07:35
"And stop speaking like that."
157
431750
1555
07:37
(Laughter)
158
433329
3891
07:41
"It's confusing everybody."
159
437244
1324
(Risos)
07:42
(Laughter)
160
438592
5123
Enfim, nos mudamos de Stratford para Los Angeles,
07:47
Anyway, we moved
from Stratford to Los Angeles,
from Stratford to Los Angeles,
161
443739
5338
e eu só quero dizer uma coisa sobre essa transição.
07:53
and I just want to say a word
about the transition.
about the transition.
162
449101
2441
Meu filho não queria vir.
07:55
My son didn't want to come.
163
451566
1410
07:57
I've got two kids;
he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
164
453000
2976
Eu tenho dois filhos. Ele agora tem 21 e minha filha 16.
08:00
He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.
165
456000
2044
Ele não queria vir para Los Angeles. Ele adorava,
mas tinha uma namorada na Inglaterra. Era o amor de sua vida, Sarah.
08:02
He loved it, but he had
a girlfriend in England.
a girlfriend in England.
166
458068
2956
08:05
This was the love of his life, Sarah.
167
461048
3603
Eles se conheciam por um mês.
08:08
He'd known her for a month.
168
464761
1375
Vejam bem, eles já tinham celebrado seu quarto aniversário,
08:10
(Laughter)
169
466160
1350
08:11
Mind you, they'd had
their fourth anniversary,
their fourth anniversary,
170
467534
2256
porque isso é muito tempo aos 16.
08:13
because it's a long time when you're 16.
171
469814
2939
Em todo caso, ele estava chateado no avião
08:16
He was really upset on the plane,
172
472777
1661
e disse: "Eu nunca mais vou encontrar uma garota como a Sarah."
08:18
he said, "I'll never find
another girl like Sarah."
another girl like Sarah."
173
474462
2461
E nós ficamos bastante contentes com isso, francamente.
08:20
And we were rather pleased
about that, frankly --
about that, frankly --
174
476947
2378
Porque ela era a principal razão de estarmos deixando o país.
08:23
(Laughter)
175
479349
2900
08:31
Because she was the main reason
we were leaving the country.
we were leaving the country.
176
487395
2881
(Risos)
08:34
(Laughter)
177
490300
3000
Uma coisa chama atenção quando se vem para os EUA
e quando se viaja pelo mundo:
08:40
But something strikes you
when you move to America
when you move to America
178
496059
2342
todo sistema educacional do planeta tem a mesma hierarquia de disciplinas.
08:42
and travel around the world:
179
498425
1366
08:43
Every education system on Earth
has the same hierarchy of subjects.
has the same hierarchy of subjects.
180
499815
3378
Todos eles. Não importa aonde vamos.
08:47
Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.
181
503537
1955
Você pensa que seria diferente, mas não é.
08:49
You'd think it would be
otherwise, but it isn't.
otherwise, but it isn't.
182
505516
2270
No topo estão a matemática e as línguas,
08:51
At the top are mathematics and languages,
183
507810
1966
depois as humanas e por último as artes.
08:53
then the humanities,
and at the bottom are the arts.
and at the bottom are the arts.
184
509800
2434
Qualquer lugar do planeta.
08:56
Everywhere on Earth.
185
512258
1118
E praticamente em qualquer sistema
08:57
And in pretty much every system too,
there's a hierarchy within the arts.
there's a hierarchy within the arts.
186
513400
4095
existe uma hierarquia dentre as artes.
09:01
Art and music are normally
given a higher status in schools
given a higher status in schools
187
517519
2857
Arte e música normalmente tem uma importância maior nas escolas
do que drama e dança. Não existe um sistema educacional no planeta
09:04
than drama and dance.
188
520400
1167
09:05
There isn't an education
system on the planet
system on the planet
189
521591
2256
que ensina dança diariamente às crianças
09:07
that teaches dance everyday to children
190
523871
2058
da mesma forma que ensina matemática. Por quê?
09:09
the way we teach them mathematics. Why?
191
525953
2047
Por que não? Eu acho bastante importante.
09:12
Why not? I think this is rather important.
192
528524
2701
Eu acho que matemática é importante, mas dança também.
09:15
I think math is very
important, but so is dance.
important, but so is dance.
193
531249
2303
As crianças dançam o tempo todo se deixarem. Nós todos dançamos.
09:17
Children dance all the time
if they're allowed to, we all do.
if they're allowed to, we all do.
194
533576
2900
Nós todos temos corpos, não temos? Eu faltei uma reunião?
09:20
We all have bodies, don't we?
Did I miss a meeting?
Did I miss a meeting?
195
536500
2476
09:23
(Laughter)
196
539000
3338
(Risos) Sério, o que acontece é que
09:26
Truthfully, what happens is,
as children grow up,
as children grow up,
197
542510
2335
à medida que as crianças crescem, nós começamos a educá-las
09:28
we start to educate them progressively
from the waist up.
from the waist up.
198
544869
2768
progressivamente da cintura para cima. E depois nos focamos na cabeça.
09:31
And then we focus on their heads.
199
547661
1625
E levemente para um lado.
09:33
And slightly to one side.
200
549310
1490
Se você visitasse nossas escolas, como um ET,
09:35
If you were to visit
education, as an alien,
education, as an alien,
201
551319
2657
09:38
and say "What's it for, public education?"
202
554000
2976
e se perguntasse: "Para que serve a educação pública?"
09:41
I think you'd have to conclude,
if you look at the output,
if you look at the output,
203
557000
2776
Eu acho que a conclusão obrigatória seria, olhando para o resultado,
que quem é bem sucedido,
09:43
who really succeeds by this,
204
559800
1376
quem faz tudo o que deve,
09:45
who does everything that they should,
205
561200
1776
09:47
who gets all the brownie
points, who are the winners --
points, who are the winners --
206
563000
2731
quem ganha as estrelinhas, quem são os vencedores,
09:49
I think you'd have to conclude
the whole purpose of public education
the whole purpose of public education
207
565755
3339
eu acho que a conclusão seria de que o objetivo da educação pública
ao redor do mundo
09:53
throughout the world
208
569118
1097
é produzir professores universitários. Não é?
09:54
is to produce university professors.
209
570239
1953
09:56
Isn't it?
210
572216
1311
09:57
They're the people who come out the top.
211
573551
1983
Eles que saem por cima.
09:59
And I used to be one, so there.
212
575558
2179
E eu costumava ser um, pra constar.
10:01
(Laughter)
213
577761
2636
Eu gosto de professores universitários, mas nós
10:04
And I like university
professors, but you know,
professors, but you know,
214
580421
3101
10:07
we shouldn't hold them up
215
583546
1475
não devemos colocá-los no topo das realizações humanas.
10:09
as the high-water mark
of all human achievement.
of all human achievement.
216
585045
2931
10:12
They're just a form of life,
217
588000
1976
É só uma forma de vida,
10:14
another form of life.
218
590000
1560
outra forma de vida. Mas eles são peculiares,
10:15
But they're rather curious, and I say this
out of affection for them.
out of affection for them.
219
591584
3298
e eu digo isso com todo carinho.
Existe uma coisa curiosa com os professores, na minha experiência.
10:18
There's something curious
about professors in my experience --
about professors in my experience --
220
594906
2970
Não todos, mas tipicamente, eles vivem em suas cabeças.
10:21
not all of them, but typically,
they live in their heads.
they live in their heads.
221
597900
2676
Eles vivem lá em cima e levemente para um lado.
10:24
They live up there,
and slightly to one side.
and slightly to one side.
222
600600
2143
Eles saíram do corpo, quase literalmente.
10:27
They're disembodied, you know,
in a kind of literal way.
in a kind of literal way.
223
603495
3374
Eles vêem o próprio corpo
10:30
They look upon their body as a form
of transport for their heads.
of transport for their heads.
224
606893
3093
como uma forma de transporte para a cabeça. Não é assim?
10:34
(Laughter)
225
610010
6166
10:40
Don't they?
226
616200
1016
(Risos) É um jeito de levarem suas cabeças às conferências.
10:41
It's a way of getting
their head to meetings.
their head to meetings.
227
617240
2222
10:43
(Laughter)
228
619486
5512
Se você quiser evidências concretas de experiências extra-corpóreas,
10:49
If you want real evidence
of out-of-body experiences,
of out-of-body experiences,
229
625022
3830
por sinal, é só participar de uma conferência
10:52
get yourself along to a residential
conference of senior academics,
conference of senior academics,
230
628876
3486
de acadêmicos sênior,
e aparecer na discoteca na noite final.
10:56
and pop into the discotheque
on the final night.
on the final night.
231
632386
2243
10:58
(Laughter)
232
634653
2801
(Risos) E lá você vai ver, homens e mulheres maduros,
11:01
And there, you will see it.
233
637478
1356
11:02
Grown men and women
writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
234
638858
4118
se contorcendo incontrolavelmente, fora do ritmo.
11:07
(Laughter)
235
643000
2867
Só esperando que o evento acabe e eles possam escrever um artigo a respeito.
11:09
Waiting until it ends so they can
go home and write a paper about it.
go home and write a paper about it.
236
645891
3325
Nosso sistema educacional atual se baseia na idéia da habilidade acadêmica.
11:13
(Laughter)
237
649240
1904
11:15
Our education system is predicated
on the idea of academic ability.
on the idea of academic ability.
238
651168
3843
E existe uma razão para isso.
11:19
And there's a reason.
239
655035
1241
O sistema foi concebido, e no mundo todo, não existiam
11:20
Around the world, there were
no public systems of education,
no public systems of education,
240
656300
3556
sistemas públicos de educação antes do Séc. XIX.
11:23
really, before the 19th century.
241
659880
2106
Todos eles foram criados
11:26
They all came into being
to meet the needs of industrialism.
to meet the needs of industrialism.
242
662010
2957
para atender a demanda da industrialização.
Então a hierarquia está apoiada em duas idéias.
11:29
So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
243
665269
2163
A primeira é que as disciplinas mais úteis para o trabalho
11:31
Number one, that the most useful
subjects for work are at the top.
subjects for work are at the top.
244
667456
4597
estão no topo. Então você era bondosamente afastado
11:36
So you were
probably steered benignly away
probably steered benignly away
245
672077
2031
na escola quando era criança de certas coisas, coisas que gostava,
11:38
from things at school when you
were a kid, things you liked,
were a kid, things you liked,
246
674132
2934
com a premissa que você nunca iria
conseguir um emprego fazendo aquilo. Correto?
11:41
on the grounds that you would
never get a job doing that. Is that right?
never get a job doing that. Is that right?
247
677090
3386
Não faça música, você não vai ser músico.
11:44
Don't do music, you're not
going to be a musician;
going to be a musician;
248
680500
2381
Não faça arte, você não vai ser artista.
11:46
don't do art, you won't be an artist.
249
682905
1801
11:48
Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.
250
684730
3420
Conselho benigno. Hoje, profundamente errado. O mundo inteiro
11:52
The whole world
is engulfed in a revolution.
is engulfed in a revolution.
251
688174
2145
está envolto numa revolução.
A segunda é a aptidão acadêmica, que veio a dominar
11:54
And the second is academic ability,
252
690343
2097
11:56
which has really come to dominate
our view of intelligence,
our view of intelligence,
253
692464
2885
nossa visão de inteligência,
porque as universidades planejaram o sistema à sua própria imagem.
11:59
because the universities designed
the system in their image.
the system in their image.
254
695373
2903
Se você for pensar, todo o sistema
12:02
If you think of it, the whole system
of public education around the world
of public education around the world
255
698300
3494
de educação pública ao redor do mundo é um extensão do processo
de ingresso à universidade.
12:05
is a protracted process
of university entrance.
of university entrance.
256
701818
2226
A consequência disso é que muitas pessoas altamente talentosas
12:08
And the consequence
is that many highly-talented,
is that many highly-talented,
257
704068
2333
brilhantes e criativas, pensam que não são,
12:10
brilliant, creative
people think they're not,
people think they're not,
258
706425
2435
porque aquilo que elas eram boas na escola
12:12
because the thing
they were good at at school
they were good at at school
259
708884
2138
não era valorizado, ou era até estigmatizado.
12:15
wasn't valued,
or was actually stigmatized.
or was actually stigmatized.
260
711046
2108
12:17
And I think we can't afford
to go on that way.
to go on that way.
261
713383
2296
Eu acho que não podemos nos dar ao luxo de ir por esse caminho.
12:19
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,
262
715703
2464
Nos próximos 30 anos, de acordo com a UNESCO,
mais gente ao redor do mundo irá se formar
12:22
more people worldwide will be graduating
263
718191
2810
através da educação do que desde o princípio da história.
12:25
through education
than since the beginning of history.
than since the beginning of history.
264
721025
2546
Mais gente. E isso é a combinação
12:27
More people, and it's the combination
of all the things we've talked about --
of all the things we've talked about --
265
723595
3681
de tudo que já falamos.
A tecnologia e seu efeito modificador no trabalho, e a demografia
12:31
technology and its transformation
effect on work, and demography
effect on work, and demography
266
727300
3048
e a enorme explosão populacional.
12:34
and the huge explosion in population.
267
730372
1804
De repente, diplomas não valem mais nada. Não é verdade?
12:36
Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.
268
732200
2865
Quando eu estudava, quem tinha um diploma, tinha um emprego.
12:39
Isn't that true?
269
735089
1380
12:40
When I was a student,
if you had a degree, you had a job.
if you had a degree, you had a job.
270
736723
2753
Quem não tinha um emprego, era porque não queria.
12:43
If you didn't have a job,
it's because you didn't want one.
it's because you didn't want one.
271
739500
2776
E eu não queria, francamente. (Risos)
12:46
And I didn't want one, frankly. (Laughter)
272
742300
2676
12:49
But now kids with degrees
273
745000
4074
Mas agora garotos com diplomas estão
12:53
are often heading home
to carry on playing video games,
to carry on playing video games,
274
749098
3045
voltando para casa para jogar video game
porque pedem mestrado para o trabalho que necessitava bacharelado,
12:56
because you need an MA where
the previous job required a BA,
the previous job required a BA,
275
752167
3198
e doutorado para o trabalho que necessitava mestrado.
12:59
and now you need a PhD for the other.
276
755389
1787
É um processo de inflação acadêmica.
13:01
It's a process of academic inflation.
277
757200
1776
13:03
And it indicates the whole
structure of education
structure of education
278
759000
2376
E é um indicativo de que toda a estrutura educacional
está mudando na frente do nosso nariz. Precisamos repensar radicalmente
13:05
is shifting beneath our feet.
279
761400
1433
13:06
We need to radically rethink
our view of intelligence.
our view of intelligence.
280
762857
2620
nossa visão de inteligência.
Sabemos três coisas sobre inteligência.
13:09
We know three things about intelligence.
281
765501
1995
Um, é variada. Pensamos a respeito do mundo de todas as formas
13:11
One, it's diverse.
282
767520
1227
13:12
We think about the world in all the ways
that we experience it.
that we experience it.
283
768771
3005
que o vivenciamos. Pensamos visualmente,
pensamos auditivamente, pensamos cinestesicamente.
13:15
We think visually, we think in sound,
we think kinesthetically.
we think kinesthetically.
284
771800
2976
Pensamos em termo abstratos, pensamos em movimento.
13:18
We think in abstract terms,
we think in movement.
we think in movement.
285
774800
2301
Dois, inteligência é dinâmica.
13:21
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.
286
777246
1754
Se formos olhar as interações do cérebro humano, conforme ouvimos
13:23
If you look at the interactions
of a human brain,
of a human brain,
287
779587
2389
13:26
as we heard yesterday
from a number of presentations,
from a number of presentations,
288
782000
2976
ontem em várias apresentações,
13:29
intelligence is wonderfully interactive.
289
785000
1976
a inteligência é maravilhosamente interativa.
13:31
The brain isn't divided into compartments.
290
787000
2238
O cérebro não se divide em compartimentos.
13:33
In fact, creativity --
which I define as the process
which I define as the process
291
789873
3103
De fato, criatividade, que eu defino como o processo
13:37
of having original ideas
that have value --
that have value --
292
793000
2325
de ter idéias originais que possuem valor,
com bastante frequência se manifesta através da interação
13:39
more often than not comes about
through the interaction
through the interaction
293
795349
2652
de como as diferentes disciplinas vêem as coisas.
13:42
of different disciplinary
ways of seeing things.
ways of seeing things.
294
798025
3000
O cérebro é intencionalmente... Por sinal,
13:46
By the way, there's a shaft of nerves
that joins the two halves of the brain
that joins the two halves of the brain
295
802310
3666
existe um feixe de filamentos nervosos que conecta os dois lados do cérebro
13:50
called the corpus callosum.
296
806000
1491
chamado corpo caloso. É mais espesso nas mulheres.
13:51
It's thicker in women.
297
807515
1266
Completando o que a Helen falou ontem, eu acho
13:53
Following off from Helen yesterday,
298
809088
1741
que esta é a razão pela qual as mulheres são melhores em multitarefa.
13:54
this is probably why women
are better at multi-tasking.
are better at multi-tasking.
299
810853
3123
13:58
Because you are, aren't you?
300
814000
1817
Porque vocês são, não são?
13:59
There's a raft of research,
but I know it from my personal life.
but I know it from my personal life.
301
815841
3207
As pesquisas são abundantes, mas eu sei por experiência própria.
Quando minha esposa está cozinhando,
14:03
If my wife is cooking a meal at home --
which is not often, thankfully.
which is not often, thankfully.
302
819738
5238
o que acontece pouco, ainda bem. (Risos)
14:09
(Laughter)
303
825000
2854
Mas enfim, ela está lá... Sério, ela é boa em algumas coisas.
14:11
No, she's good at some things,
but if she's cooking,
but if she's cooking,
304
827878
2498
Mas quando ela está cozinhando,
ela está falando no telefone,
14:14
she's dealing with people on the phone,
305
830400
1876
está falando com as crianças, está pintando o teto,
14:16
she's talking to the kids,
she's painting the ceiling,
she's painting the ceiling,
306
832300
2556
14:18
she's doing open-heart surgery over here.
307
834880
3096
está fazendo cirurgia cardíaca.
14:22
If I'm cooking, the door
is shut, the kids are out,
is shut, the kids are out,
308
838000
2976
Quando eu cozinho, a porta está fechada, as crianças saíram,
14:25
the phone's on the hook,
if she comes in I get annoyed.
if she comes in I get annoyed.
309
841000
2976
o telefone está fora do gancho, se ela aparece eu me irrito.
14:28
I say, "Terry, please,
I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
310
844000
3071
Eu digo: "Terry, por favor, estou tentando fritar um ovo aqui. Me deixa em paz." (Risos)
14:31
(Laughter)
311
847095
6730
14:38
"Give me a break."
312
854254
1200
14:39
(Laughter)
313
855478
1720
Conhecem aquele velho postulado filosófico?
14:41
Actually, do you know
that old philosophical thing,
that old philosophical thing,
314
857222
2499
Se uma árvore cai na floresta e ninguém ouve,
14:43
if a tree falls in a forest
and nobody hears it, did it happen?
and nobody hears it, did it happen?
315
859745
3253
será que aconteceu? Lembram dessa piada velha?
14:47
Remember that old chestnut?
316
863252
1329
14:48
I saw a great t-shirt
recently, which said,
recently, which said,
317
864605
2409
Vi uma camiseta excelente esses dias que dizia: "Se um homem fala o que pensa
14:51
"If a man speaks his mind
in a forest, and no woman hears him,
in a forest, and no woman hears him,
318
867038
3938
numa floresta, e nenhuma mulher escuta,
14:55
is he still wrong?"
319
871000
1396
ele continua errado?" (Risos)
14:56
(Laughter)
320
872420
5606
15:03
And the third thing about intelligence is,
321
879976
2000
O terceiro ponto sobre a inteligência é que
15:06
it's distinct.
322
882000
1369
é distinta. Estou escrevendo um livro atualmente
15:07
I'm doing a new book at the moment
called "Epiphany,"
called "Epiphany,"
323
883754
2573
chamado "Epifania", que é baseado numa série de
15:10
which is based on a series
of interviews with people
of interviews with people
324
886351
2474
entrevistas que eu fiz sobre como as pessoas descobriram
15:12
about how they discovered their talent.
325
888849
1920
seus talentos. Sou fascinado por como elas chegaram onde estão.
15:14
I'm fascinated
by how people got to be there.
by how people got to be there.
326
890793
2169
Fui motivado por uma conversa que tive
15:16
It's really prompted by a conversation
I had with a wonderful woman
I had with a wonderful woman
327
892986
3190
com uma mulher maravilhosa que talvez muitas pessoas
nunca tenham ouvido falar. Ela se chama Gillian Lynne,
15:20
who maybe most people
have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
328
896200
2676
já ouviram falar dela? Alguns já. Ela é uma coreógrafa
15:22
Have you heard of her? Some have.
329
898900
1630
e todo mundo conhece seu trabalho.
15:24
She's a choreographer,
and everybody knows her work.
and everybody knows her work.
330
900554
2522
Ela trabalhou em "Cats", e "O Fantasma da Ópera".
15:27
She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."
331
903100
2001
Ela é maravilhosa. Eu estava no conselho do Royal Ballet, na Inglaterra,
15:29
She's wonderful.
332
905125
978
15:30
I used to be on the board
of The Royal Ballet,
of The Royal Ballet,
333
906127
2146
como podem ver.
15:32
as you can see.
334
908297
1201
15:33
Anyway, Gillian and I had
lunch one day and I said,
lunch one day and I said,
335
909522
2400
Gillian e eu almoçamos um dia e eu perguntei:
"Gillian, como você se tornou dançarina?" E ela respondeu
15:36
"How did you get to be a dancer?"
336
912047
1800
15:37
It was interesting.
337
913976
1000
que foi interessante, quando ela estava na escola,
15:39
When she was at school,
she was really hopeless.
she was really hopeless.
338
915000
2350
ela estava desanimada. E a escola, nos anos 30,
15:41
And the school, in the '30s,
wrote to her parents and said,
wrote to her parents and said,
339
917374
3602
escreveu para os pais dizendo: "Achamos
15:45
"We think Gillian
has a learning disorder."
has a learning disorder."
340
921000
2000
que a Gillian tem dificuldade de aprendizado." Ela não conseguia se concentrar,
era inquieta. Eu acho que hoje diriam que
15:47
She couldn't concentrate;
she was fidgeting.
she was fidgeting.
341
923024
2142
ela tinha TDAH. Não acham? Mas eram os anos 30,
15:49
I think now they'd say she had ADHD.
Wouldn't you?
Wouldn't you?
342
925190
3290
15:52
But this was the 1930s, and ADHD
hadn't been invented at this point.
hadn't been invented at this point.
343
928504
4059
e TDAH não tinha sido inventado ainda.
Não era uma doença disponível. (Risos)
15:56
It wasn't an available condition.
344
932587
2389
15:59
(Laughter)
345
935000
2737
As pessoas não sabiam que podiam ter aquilo.
16:01
People weren't aware they could have that.
346
937761
2060
Então a mandaram para um especialista. A sala era toda em madeira.
16:03
(Laughter)
347
939845
2134
16:06
Anyway, she went to see this specialist.
348
942003
4278
Ela estava com sua mãe,
e a puseram numa cadeira no canto,
16:10
So, this oak-paneled room,
and she was there with her mother,
and she was there with her mother,
349
946305
3722
e ela sentou sobre as mãos por 20 min enquanto
16:14
and she was led and sat
on this chair at the end,
on this chair at the end,
350
950051
2477
um homem conversava com sua mãe sobre
16:16
and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes
while this man talked to her mother
while this man talked to her mother
351
952552
3639
os problemas que a Gillian vinha tendo na escola. E no final..
16:20
about the problems
Gillian was having at school.
Gillian was having at school.
352
956215
2328
Porque ela estava perturbando as pessoas,
16:22
Because she was disturbing people;
her homework was always late; and so on,
her homework was always late; and so on,
353
958567
3677
as tarefas estavam sempre atrasadas, e assim por diante,
um criança de oito anos. No final o médico sentou
16:26
little kid of eight.
354
962268
1096
16:27
In the end, the doctor
went and sat next to Gillian, and said,
went and sat next to Gillian, and said,
355
963388
3055
ao lado da Gillian e disse: "Gillian,
eu ouvi todas as coisas que sua mãe
16:30
"I've listened to all these
things your mother's told me,
things your mother's told me,
356
966467
2705
me disse, e eu preciso conversar a sós com ela."
16:33
I need to speak to her privately.
357
969196
1619
Ele disse: "Espere aqui, já voltamos. Não vai demorar.",
16:34
Wait here. We'll be back;
we won't be very long,"
we won't be very long,"
358
970839
2376
e eles deixaram ela sozinha.
16:37
and they went and left her.
359
973239
2325
Mas enquanto eles saiam da sala, ele ligou o rádio
16:39
But as they went out of the room,
360
975588
1636
que estava sobre a mesa. E quando eles saíram
16:41
he turned on the radio
that was sitting on his desk.
that was sitting on his desk.
361
977248
2500
da sala, ele disse para a mãe:
16:44
And when they got out, he said to her
mother, "Just stand and watch her."
mother, "Just stand and watch her."
362
980342
3430
"Só a escute e a observe." E assim que eles deixaram a sala,
16:48
And the minute they left the room,
363
984000
2991
ela disse, ela estava de pé, se movendo com a música.
16:51
she was on her feet, moving to the music.
364
987015
2484
Eles observaram por alguns minutos
16:53
And they watched for a few minutes
and he turned to her mother and said,
and he turned to her mother and said,
365
989523
3453
e ele se virou para a mãe e disse:
16:57
"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian
isn't sick; she's a dancer.
isn't sick; she's a dancer.
366
993000
3976
"Sra. Lynne, a Gillian não está doente, ela é uma dançarina.
17:01
Take her to a dance school."
367
997000
1976
Leve-a para uma escola de dança."
17:03
I said, "What happened?"
368
999000
1976
Eu perguntei: "O que aconteceu?"
17:05
She said, "She did. I can't tell you
how wonderful it was.
how wonderful it was.
369
1001000
2976
Ela respondeu: "Ela levou. Não consigo descrever como foi maravilhoso.
17:08
We walked in this room
and it was full of people like me.
and it was full of people like me.
370
1004000
2753
Entramos numa sala cheia de
pessoas como eu. Pessoas que não conseguiam ficar paradas.
17:10
People who couldn't sit still.
371
1006777
2199
17:13
People who had to move to think."
Who had to move to think.
Who had to move to think.
372
1009000
4587
Pessoas que precisavam se mexer para pensar. Precisavam se mexer para pensar.
Eles ensinavam ballet, sapateado, jazz,
17:17
They did ballet, they did tap, jazz;
they did modern; they did contemporary.
they did modern; they did contemporary.
373
1013746
3630
dança moderna, contemporânea.
Ela eventualmente fez um teste para a Royal Ballet School,
17:21
She was eventually auditioned
for the Royal Ballet School;
for the Royal Ballet School;
374
1017400
2820
se tornou uma solista e teve uma carreira fantástica
17:24
she became a soloist; she had
a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
375
1020244
3299
na Royal Ballet. Ela eventualmente se formou
na Royal Ballet School,
17:27
She eventually graduated
from the Royal Ballet School,
from the Royal Ballet School,
376
1023567
2608
fundou sua própria empresa, a Companhia de Dança Gillian Lynne,
17:30
founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,
377
1026200
1975
e conheceu Andrew Lloyd Weber. Ela foi responsável
17:32
met Andrew Lloyd Webber.
378
1028200
1243
17:33
She's been responsible for
379
1029568
1409
por alguns dos musicais mais bem sucedidos
17:35
some of the most successful
musical theater productions in history,
musical theater productions in history,
380
1031001
3146
na história, deu alegria para milhões,
17:38
she's given pleasure to millions,
and she's a multi-millionaire.
and she's a multi-millionaire.
381
1034172
3072
17:41
Somebody else might have put her
on medication and told her to calm down.
on medication and told her to calm down.
382
1037269
4070
e é multimilionária. Outra pessoa
poderia ter receitado um remédio e dito para ela
17:45
(Applause)
383
1041364
6782
se acalmar.
Hoje, eu acho... (Aplausos) Eu acho que se resume a isso:
17:52
What I think it comes to is this:
384
1048575
1601
Al Gore falou outra noite
17:54
Al Gore spoke the other night
385
1050200
1776
17:56
about ecology and the revolution
that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
386
1052000
4269
sobre ecologia, e a revolução desencadeada por Rachel Carson.
Eu acredito que nossa única esperança para o futuro
18:01
I believe our only hope for the future
387
1057111
2166
é a adoção de uma nova concepção de ecologia humana,
18:03
is to adopt a new conception
of human ecology,
of human ecology,
388
1059301
3833
uma em que começamos a reconstituir nossa concepção
18:07
one in which we start
to reconstitute our conception
to reconstitute our conception
389
1063158
2818
18:10
of the richness of human capacity.
390
1066000
1976
da riqueza da capacidade humana.
18:12
Our education system has mined our minds
391
1068000
3499
Nosso sistema educacional explorou nossas mentes
18:15
in the way that we strip-mine the earth:
for a particular commodity.
for a particular commodity.
392
1071523
3276
como exploramos a terra: em busca de um recurso específico.
E para o futuro, isso não serve.
18:19
And for the future, it won't serve us.
393
1075188
2484
Temos que repensar os princípios fundamentais
18:21
We have to rethink
the fundamental principles
the fundamental principles
394
1077696
2280
18:24
on which we're educating our children.
395
1080000
1968
que baseamos a educação de nossas crianças. Existe
uma frase maravilhosa de Jonas Salk, que diz: "Se todos os
18:26
There was a wonderful quote
by Jonas Salk, who said,
by Jonas Salk, who said,
396
1082087
2674
18:28
"If all the insects
were to disappear from the Earth,
were to disappear from the Earth,
397
1084785
5039
insetos desaparecessem da terra,
dentro de 50 anos, toda vida na Terra desapareceria
18:33
within 50 years all life
on Earth would end.
on Earth would end.
398
1089848
2841
Se todos os humanos desaparecessem da Terra,
18:37
If all human beings
disappeared from the Earth,
disappeared from the Earth,
399
1093688
3072
dentro de 50 anos todas as formas de vida floresceriam."
18:40
within 50 years all forms
of life would flourish."
of life would flourish."
400
1096784
2634
Ele está certo.
18:44
And he's right.
401
1100244
1285
O que a TED celebra é a dádiva da imaginação humana.
18:46
What TED celebrates is the gift
of the human imagination.
of the human imagination.
402
1102291
3634
Temos que ser cuidadosos e usar essa dádiva
18:50
We have to be careful now
403
1106417
2071
com sabedoria, de modo e evitar alguns dos cenários
18:52
that we use this gift wisely
404
1108512
2255
18:54
and that we avert some of the scenarios
that we've talked about.
that we've talked about.
405
1110791
3229
que falamos a respeito. E a única maneira de
18:58
And the only way we'll do it is by seeing
our creative capacities
our creative capacities
406
1114044
3932
fazer isso é encarando nossa capacidade criativa
19:02
for the richness they are
407
1118000
1610
pela riqueza que ela representa e nossas
19:03
and seeing our children
for the hope that they are.
for the hope that they are.
408
1119634
3182
crianças pela esperança que elas representam. Nossa tarefa
19:06
And our task is to educate
their whole being,
their whole being,
409
1122840
2398
é educá-las em sua totalidade, preparando-as para esse futuro.
19:09
so they can face this future.
410
1125262
1484
A propósito, talvez não vejamos esse futuro,
19:10
By the way -- we may not see this future,
411
1126770
2206
19:13
but they will.
412
1129000
1430
mas elas verão. E o nosso trabalho é ajudá-las
19:14
And our job is to help them
make something of it.
make something of it.
413
1130454
3079
a tirar proveito dele. Muito obrigado.
19:17
Thank you very much.
414
1133557
1000
19:18
(Applause)
415
1134581
3000
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educatorCreativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.
Why you should listen
Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."
A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com