TED2006
Sir Ken Robinson: Do schools kill creativity?
Ken Robinson kaže da škole ubijaju keativnost
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Ser Ken Robinson pravi zabavan i veoma dirljiv slučaj za stvaranje obrazovnog sitema koji ne zapostavlja već pothranjuje kreativnost.
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:24
Good morning. How are you?
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Dobro jutro. Kako ste? Ovo je sjajno, zar ne?
00:28
(Laughter)
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00:29
It's been great, hasn't it?
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Mene je sve ovo raspametilo.
00:32
I've been blown away by the whole thing.
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00:34
In fact, I'm leaving.
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U stvari, dosta mi je, odlazim.
00:36
(Laughter)
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Tri teme se provlače kroz
00:42
There have been three themes
running through the conference
running through the conference
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ovu konferenciju, koje su povezane
00:45
which are relevant
to what I want to talk about.
to what I want to talk about.
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sa onim o čemu želim da pričam.
00:47
One is the extraordinary
evidence of human creativity
evidence of human creativity
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Jedna od njih je neverovatna ljudska kreativnost
00:52
in all of the presentations that we've had
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prisutna u svim prezentacijama koje smo čuli
00:54
and in all of the people here.
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i u svim osobama ovde. Raznolikost te kreativnosti
00:56
Just the variety of it
and the range of it.
and the range of it.
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i njen opseg. Drugo, ona
01:00
The second is
that it's put us in a place
that it's put us in a place
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nas je dovela do toga da nemamo pojma šta će se desiti
01:02
where we have no idea
what's going to happen,
what's going to happen,
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01:04
in terms of the future.
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u budućnosti. Nemamo pojma
01:06
No idea how this may play out.
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kako će se sve ovo odviti.
01:09
I have an interest in education.
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Mene interesuje obrazovanje.
01:10
Actually, what I find is everybody
has an interest in education.
has an interest in education.
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Zapravo, smatram da obrazovanje interesuje svakoga.
Ne mislite li tako? Meni je to vrlo zanimljivo.
01:15
Don't you?
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01:16
I find this very interesting.
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Ako ste na zabavi i kažete
01:17
If you're at a dinner party,
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01:19
and you say you work in education --
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da radite u prosveti...
01:21
Actually, you're not often
at dinner parties, frankly.
at dinner parties, frankly.
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Zapravo, ako radite u prosveti, ne idete često na zabave.
01:24
(Laughter)
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01:28
If you work in education,
you're not asked.
you're not asked.
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Niste pozvani.
01:31
(Laughter)
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I začudo nikad vas ne pozivaju ponovo.
01:34
And you're never asked back, curiously.
That's strange to me.
That's strange to me.
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01:38
But if you are, and you say to somebody,
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Ali ako odete na zabavu
i neko Vas pita: "Čime se bavite?"
01:40
you know, they say, "What do you do?"
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i odgovorite da radite u prosveti,
01:42
and you say you work in education,
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01:44
you can see the blood run from their face.
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vidite kako im lice prebledi. Sigurno misle:
01:46
They're like, "Oh my God,"
you know, "Why me?"
you know, "Why me?"
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"O, Bože, što baš ja? Moj jedini slobodan dan u nedelji." (Smeh)
01:48
(Laughter)
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01:50
"My one night out all week."
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01:51
(Laughter)
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Ali ako ih pitate za njihovo obrazovanje,
01:54
But if you ask about their education,
they pin you to the wall.
they pin you to the wall.
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prikucaće vas za zid. Jer, to je jedna od stvari
01:57
Because it's one of those things
that goes deep with people, am I right?
that goes deep with people, am I right?
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koje su duboko u ljudima. Jesam li u pravu?
Kao religija, novac i druge stvari.
02:01
Like religion, and money and other things.
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Mene obrazovanje veoma interesuje
i mislim da interesuje svakog od nas.
i mislim da interesuje svakog od nas.
02:04
So I have a big interest in education,
and I think we all do.
and I think we all do.
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Svi mi imamo ogroman lični interes za obrazovanje,
02:08
We have a huge vested interest in it,
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delom zbog toga što upravo obrazovanje treba da
02:10
partly because it's education
that's meant to take us into this future
that's meant to take us into this future
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nas odvede u tu budućnost koju ne možemo da nazremo.
02:14
that we can't grasp.
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02:15
If you think of it,
children starting school this year
children starting school this year
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Razmislite - deca koja ove godine kreću u školu
će se penzionisati 2065. Niko nema predstavu,
02:19
will be retiring in 2065.
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02:24
Nobody has a clue,
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uprkos svim stručnim mišljenjima iznetim
ovde tokom protekla četiri dana,
ovde tokom protekla četiri dana,
02:25
despite all the expertise that's been
on parade for the past four days,
on parade for the past four days,
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kako će svet izgledati
02:29
what the world will look like
in five years' time.
in five years' time.
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za pet godina. I pored toga, mi bi trebalo
02:32
And yet we're meant
to be educating them for it.
to be educating them for it.
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da ih obrazujemo za taj svet. Stoga, mislim da
02:34
So the unpredictability,
I think, is extraordinary.
I think, is extraordinary.
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je nepredvidljivost neverovatno velika.
02:36
And the third part of this
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I treće je činjenica,
02:38
is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,
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oko koje se svi slažemo,
02:40
on the really extraordinary
capacities that children have --
capacities that children have --
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da deca poseduju neverovatne inovativne sposobnosti.
02:45
their capacities for innovation.
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Sirena sinoć je bila pravo čudo,
02:48
I mean, Sirena last night
was a marvel, wasn't she?
was a marvel, wasn't she?
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zar ne? Kad samo vidimo šta sve ume.
02:50
Just seeing what she could do.
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Ona jeste posebna, ali mislim da nije posebna
02:52
And she's exceptional, but I think
she's not, so to speak,
she's not, so to speak,
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02:57
exceptional in the whole of childhood.
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u čitavom dečjem svetu.
Ona je osoba izuzetne posvećenosti
03:00
What you have there is a person
of extraordinary dedication
of extraordinary dedication
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koja je otkrila svoj talenat. Ja smatram da
03:03
who found a talent.
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sva deca imaju neverovatne talente.
03:05
And my contention is,
all kids have tremendous talents.
all kids have tremendous talents.
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A mi ih traćimo i to vrlo nemilosrdno.
03:07
And we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
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Želeo bih da pričam o obrazovanju
03:09
So I want to talk about education
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03:12
and I want to talk about creativity.
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i želeo bih da pričam o kreativnosti. Smatram
03:13
My contention is that creativity now
is as important in education as literacy,
is as important in education as literacy,
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da je kreativnost u obrazovanju podjednako važna
kao i pismenost,
kao i pismenost,
i trebalo bi da joj damo isti status.
03:19
and we should treat it
with the same status.
with the same status.
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(Aplauz) Hvala. E pa, to bi bilo sve.
03:22
(Applause) Thank you.
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03:24
(Applause)
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03:29
That was it, by the way.
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Najlepše vam hvala. (Smeh) Tako znači, još 15 minuta.
03:30
Thank you very much.
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03:31
(Laughter)
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03:33
So, 15 minutes left.
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Pa, ja sam rođen... ne. (Smeh)
03:35
(Laughter)
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03:38
Well, I was born... no.
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03:40
(Laughter)
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Nedavno sam čuo fantastičnu priču
- i obožavam da je pričam -
- i obožavam da je pričam -
03:43
I heard a great story recently
-- I love telling it --
-- I love telling it --
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o devojčici na času likovnog. Ona ima šest godina
03:46
of a little girl
who was in a drawing lesson.
who was in a drawing lesson.
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i sedela je u poslednjoj klupi i crtala.
03:49
She was six, and she was
at the back, drawing,
at the back, drawing,
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Učiteljica je rekla da ona gotovo nikad
03:51
and the teacher said this girl
hardly ever paid attention,
hardly ever paid attention,
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nije obraćala pažnju na časovima, sem na času likovnog.
03:54
and in this drawing lesson, she did.
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03:55
The teacher was fascinated.
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Učiteljica je bila fascinirana njome, prišla joj je
03:57
She went over to her,
and she said, "What are you drawing?"
and she said, "What are you drawing?"
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i upitala: ''Šta to crtaš?''
04:00
And the girl said, "I'm
drawing a picture of God."
drawing a picture of God."
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Devojčica je odgovorila: ''Crtam sliku Boga.''
04:03
And the teacher said, "But nobody
knows what God looks like."
knows what God looks like."
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Učiteljica je onda rekla: ''Ali niko ne zna kako Bog izgleda.''
04:06
And the girl said,
"They will, in a minute."
"They will, in a minute."
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I devojčica odgovori: ''Sad će da saznaju.''
04:09
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
Kad je moj sin imao četiri godine u Engleskoj...
04:20
When my son was four in England --
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U stvari, iskreno, svuda je imao četiri godine. (Smeh)
04:23
Actually, he was four
everywhere, to be honest.
everywhere, to be honest.
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Gde god da je išao te godine, imao je četiri godine.
04:25
(Laughter)
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04:27
If we're being strict about it,
wherever he went, he was four that year.
wherever he went, he was four that year.
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Glumio je u komadu o rođenju Isusovom.
04:30
He was in the Nativity play.
Do you remember the story?
Do you remember the story?
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Sećate li se priče? Veoma je poznata.
04:33
(Laughter)
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04:34
No, it was big, it was a big story.
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Mel Gibson je snimio drugi deo.
04:36
Mel Gibson did the sequel,
you may have seen it.
you may have seen it.
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Možda ste ga videli. ''Rođenje Isusovo II''.
04:38
(Laughter)
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04:40
"Nativity II."
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04:41
But James got the part of Joseph,
which we were thrilled about.
which we were thrilled about.
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Džejms je dobio ulogu Josifa. Svi smo bili jako uzbuđeni.
04:45
We considered this to be
one of the lead parts.
one of the lead parts.
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Smatrali smo ovu ulogu jednom od glavnih.
Našu kući su preplavili agenti u majicama s natpisom:
04:48
We had the place crammed
full of agents in T-shirts:
full of agents in T-shirts:
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''Džejms Robinson JESTE Josif!'' (Smeh)
04:50
"James Robinson IS Joseph!" (Laughter)
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04:53
He didn't have to speak,
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Nije morao ništa da priča, ali znate onaj deo
04:54
but you know the bit
where the three kings come in?
where the three kings come in?
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kada dolaze tri mudraca? Sa sobom nose poklone.
04:57
They come in bearing gifts,
gold, frankincense and myrrh.
gold, frankincense and myrrh.
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Donose zlato, tamjan i smirnu.
04:59
This really happened.
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Ovo se zaista desilo. Sedeli smo tamo
05:00
We were sitting there and I think
they just went out of sequence,
they just went out of sequence,
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i mislim da su pomešali red izlaska na scenu,
jer smo pitali dečaka posle toga:
05:04
because we talked to the little boy
afterward and we said,
afterward and we said,
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''Je l' tebi to OK?'' A on odgovori: ''Aha. Što? Jesam pogrešio?''
05:06
"You OK with that?" And he said,
"Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
"Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
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Jednostavno su se zamenili, to je to.
05:09
They just switched.
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Bilo kako bilo, tri dečaka su došla
05:10
The three boys came in,
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tri četvorogodišnjaka sa peškirima na glavama,
05:12
four-year-olds with tea towels
on their heads,
on their heads,
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spustili su kutije na zemlju
05:14
and they put these boxes down,
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05:15
and the first boy said,
"I bring you gold."
"I bring you gold."
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i prvi dečak je rekao: ''Ja ti donosim zlato.''
05:17
And the second boy said,
"I bring you myrrh."
"I bring you myrrh."
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Drugi je rekao: ''Ja ti donosim smirnu.''
05:20
And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."
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A treći je rekao: ''Frenk ti šalje ovo.'' (Smeh)
05:22
(Laughter)
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05:34
What these things have in common
is that kids will take a chance.
is that kids will take a chance.
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Ovim stvarima je zajedničko to što će deca pokušati.
Ako ne znaju nešto, probaće.
05:37
If they don't know, they'll have a go.
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Nisam li u pravu? Deca se ne plaše da pogreše.
05:40
Am I right? They're not
frightened of being wrong.
frightened of being wrong.
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Ne želim da kažem da je pogrešiti isto što i biti kreativan.
05:44
I don't mean to say that being wrong
is the same thing as being creative.
is the same thing as being creative.
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Ali znam da,
05:48
What we do know is,
if you're not prepared to be wrong,
if you're not prepared to be wrong,
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ako nisi spreman da pogrešiš
05:52
you'll never come up
with anything original --
with anything original --
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nikad nećeš smisliti ništa originalno.
05:54
if you're not prepared to be wrong.
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Ako nisi spreman da pogrešiš. Kada odrastu,
05:56
And by the time they get to be adults,
most kids have lost that capacity.
most kids have lost that capacity.
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većina dece izgubi tu sposobnost.
Onda se plaše da ne pogreše nešto.
06:01
They have become
frightened of being wrong.
frightened of being wrong.
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A mi ovako upravljamo kompanijama.
06:03
And we run our companies like this.
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Osuđujemo greške. I u našem
06:05
We stigmatize mistakes.
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06:07
And we're now running
national education systems
national education systems
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državnom obrazovnom sistemu
06:09
where mistakes are the worst
thing you can make.
thing you can make.
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pogrešiti je najgora stvar koju možeš da uradiš.
06:12
And the result is that
we are educating people
we are educating people
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I kao rezultat toga, mi obrazujemo ljude da izgube
06:15
out of their creative capacities.
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svoje kreativne sposobnosti. Pikaso je jednom rekao
06:18
Picasso once said this, he said
that all children are born artists.
that all children are born artists.
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da su sva deca rođeni umetnici.
06:22
The problem is to remain an artist
as we grow up.
as we grow up.
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Problem je ostati umetnik kroz odrastanje.
Ja žarko verujem u sledeće:
Ja žarko verujem u sledeće:
06:25
I believe this passionately,
that we don't grow into creativity,
that we don't grow into creativity,
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ako ne razvijamo kreativnost,
izgubićemo je. Ili, obrazovaćemo se da budemo nekreativni.
06:29
we grow out of it.
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06:30
Or rather, we get educated out if it.
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Zašto je to tako?
06:33
So why is this?
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Do pre pet godina sam živeo u Stratfordu na Avonu.
06:34
I lived in Stratford-on-Avon
until about five years ago.
until about five years ago.
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Iz Stratforda smo se preselili u Los Anđeles.
06:38
In fact, we moved
from Stratford to Los Angeles.
from Stratford to Los Angeles.
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Možete misliti kako je to glatka tranzicija bila.
06:41
So you can imagine
what a seamless transition that was.
what a seamless transition that was.
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(Smeh) U stvari,
06:44
(Laughter)
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06:46
Actually, we lived in a place
called Snitterfield,
called Snitterfield,
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mi smo živeli u mestu zvanom Sniterfild,
nedaleko od Stratforda, gde je
06:48
just outside Stratford,
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06:49
which is where
Shakespeare's father was born.
Shakespeare's father was born.
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rođen Šekspirov otac. Da li vam neverovatna misao
prolazi kroz glavu? Meni da.
prolazi kroz glavu? Meni da.
06:52
Are you struck by a new thought? I was.
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06:54
You don't think of Shakespeare
having a father, do you?
having a father, do you?
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Ne možete da zamislite da je Šekspir imao oca, zar ne?
Možete li? Zato što ne možete da zamislite
06:57
Do you? Because you don't think
of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
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Šekspira kao dete.
07:01
Shakespeare being seven?
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Šekspira kao sedmogodišnjaka.
Nikad mi to nije palo na pamet.
Nikad mi to nije palo na pamet.
07:02
I never thought of it.
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07:03
I mean, he was seven at some point.
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Ali jednom je morao imati 7 godina.
07:05
He was in somebody's
English class, wasn't he?
English class, wasn't he?
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I neko mu je bio učitelj engleskog. Kako bi to bilo iritirajuće.
07:07
(Laughter)
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07:14
How annoying would that be?
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(Smeh) ''Mora malo više da se potrudi.''
Otac ga šalje u krevet...
Otac ga šalje u krevet...
07:16
(Laughter)
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07:23
"Must try harder."
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07:24
(Laughter)
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07:28
Being sent to bed by his dad, you know,
to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!
to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!
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"Šekspire, na spavanje. Sad!''
''I ostavi tu olovku.
07:32
And put the pencil down."
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I prestani da pričaš tako. Sve nas zbunjuje.''
07:34
(Laughter)
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07:35
"And stop speaking like that."
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07:37
(Laughter)
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07:41
"It's confusing everybody."
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(Smeh)
07:42
(Laughter)
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Nego, iz Stratforda smo se preselili u Los Anđeles.
07:47
Anyway, we moved
from Stratford to Los Angeles,
from Stratford to Los Angeles,
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Hteo bih da kažem koju reč o preseljenju.
07:53
and I just want to say a word
about the transition.
about the transition.
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Moj sin nije želeo da ide.
07:55
My son didn't want to come.
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07:57
I've got two kids;
he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
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Imam dvoje dece. Sin mi sad ima 21 godinu, a ćerka 16.
08:00
He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.
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Nije želeo da se preseli u Los Anđeles. Grad mu se dopadao,
ali je imao devojku u Engleskoj. To je bila ljubav
njegovog života. Sara.
njegovog života. Sara.
08:02
He loved it, but he had
a girlfriend in England.
a girlfriend in England.
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08:05
This was the love of his life, Sarah.
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Znali su se mesec dana.
08:08
He'd known her for a month.
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Molim te, proslavili su četvrtu nedelju zajedno.
08:10
(Laughter)
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08:11
Mind you, they'd had
their fourth anniversary,
their fourth anniversary,
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Jer, to je dosta vremena kad ti je 16.
08:13
because it's a long time when you're 16.
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Bio je jako uzrujan u avionu,
08:16
He was really upset on the plane,
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i rekao je: ''Nikad više neću naći devojku kao Sara.''
08:18
he said, "I'll never find
another girl like Sarah."
another girl like Sarah."
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Iskreno, mi smo bili prilično zadovoljni tom pomisli.
08:20
And we were rather pleased
about that, frankly --
about that, frankly --
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Ona je bila glavni razlog što odlazimo iz zemlje.
08:23
(Laughter)
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08:31
Because she was the main reason
we were leaving the country.
we were leaving the country.
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(Smeh)
08:34
(Laughter)
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Ima jedna stvar koja vas zapanji kad se preselite u Ameriku
i kada putujete po svetu.
08:40
But something strikes you
when you move to America
when you move to America
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Svaki obrazovni sistem na Zemlji ima istu
hijerarhiju školskih predmeta.
hijerarhiju školskih predmeta.
08:42
and travel around the world:
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08:43
Every education system on Earth
has the same hierarchy of subjects.
has the same hierarchy of subjects.
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Svaki. Gde god da odete.
08:47
Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.
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1955
Pomislili biste da je drugačije, ali nije.
08:49
You'd think it would be
otherwise, but it isn't.
otherwise, but it isn't.
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Na vrhu su matematika i jezici,
08:51
At the top are mathematics and languages,
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zatim društvene nauke i na dnu su umetnosti.
08:53
then the humanities,
and at the bottom are the arts.
and at the bottom are the arts.
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Svuda na Zemlji.
08:56
Everywhere on Earth.
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I u svakom sistemu, takođe
08:57
And in pretty much every system too,
there's a hierarchy within the arts.
there's a hierarchy within the arts.
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postoji hijerarhija umetnosti.
09:01
Art and music are normally
given a higher status in schools
given a higher status in schools
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Likovno i muzičko obično imaju viši status u školama
nego gluma i ples. Na ovoj planeti
ne postoji obrazovni sistem
ne postoji obrazovni sistem
09:04
than drama and dance.
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1167
09:05
There isn't an education
system on the planet
system on the planet
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2256
u kome deca svakodnevno uče da plešu
09:07
that teaches dance everyday to children
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kao što uče matematiku. Zašto?
09:09
the way we teach them mathematics. Why?
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Zašto ne? Ja mislim da je to vrlo važno.
09:12
Why not? I think this is rather important.
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Mislim da je matematika vrlo bitna, ali je i ples.
09:15
I think math is very
important, but so is dance.
important, but so is dance.
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Deca igraju sve vreme ako im dozvolite. Svi mi igramo.
09:17
Children dance all the time
if they're allowed to, we all do.
if they're allowed to, we all do.
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2900
Svi mi imamo tela, zar ne? Da nisam propustio neki sastanak?
09:20
We all have bodies, don't we?
Did I miss a meeting?
Did I miss a meeting?
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09:23
(Laughter)
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(Smeh) Šta se zapravo dešava?
09:26
Truthfully, what happens is,
as children grow up,
as children grow up,
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Kako deca odrastaju, mi ih obrazujemo
09:28
we start to educate them progressively
from the waist up.
from the waist up.
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od struka naviše. A onda se fokusiramo na njihove glave.
09:31
And then we focus on their heads.
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I to naginjući blago ka jednoj strani.
09:33
And slightly to one side.
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Ako biste kao vanzemaljac posetili obrazovni sistem
09:35
If you were to visit
education, as an alien,
education, as an alien,
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2657
09:38
and say "What's it for, public education?"
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i pitali: ''Čemu služi obrazovanje?''
09:41
I think you'd have to conclude,
if you look at the output,
if you look at the output,
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Morali biste da zaključite da, ako pogledate
ko zapravo dobija nešto time,
09:43
who really succeeds by this,
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1376
ko radi sve ono što treba da se odradi,
09:45
who does everything that they should,
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1776
09:47
who gets all the brownie
points, who are the winners --
points, who are the winners --
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2731
ko dobija sve pozitivne poene, ko su pobednici...
09:49
I think you'd have to conclude
the whole purpose of public education
the whole purpose of public education
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3339
Morali biste da zaključite da je cela svrha obrazovanja
širom sveta
09:53
throughout the world
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stvaranje fakultetskih profesora. Nije li tako?
09:54
is to produce university professors.
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1953
09:56
Isn't it?
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572216
1311
09:57
They're the people who come out the top.
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1983
Na kraju svega, oni su ti koji su na vrhu.
09:59
And I used to be one, so there.
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2179
Ja sam bio jedan od njih, pa eto ti sad. (Smeh)
10:01
(Laughter)
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Meni su profesori dragi, ali
10:04
And I like university
professors, but you know,
professors, but you know,
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3101
10:07
we shouldn't hold them up
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1475
ne treba da ih smatramo vrhuncem ljudskog dostignuća.
10:09
as the high-water mark
of all human achievement.
of all human achievement.
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2931
10:12
They're just a form of life,
217
588000
1976
Oni su samo jedan oblik života.
10:14
another form of life.
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590000
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Samo još jedan oblik života. Ali su prilično zanimljivi.
10:15
But they're rather curious, and I say this
out of affection for them.
out of affection for them.
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3298
I to kažem od milja prema njima.
Iz mog iskustva, ima nečeg interesantnog u vezi sa njima.
10:18
There's something curious
about professors in my experience --
about professors in my experience --
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2970
Naravno ne svi, ali najčešće, oni žive u svojim glavama.
10:21
not all of them, but typically,
they live in their heads.
they live in their heads.
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2676
Oni žive tamo gore i to blago na jednoj strani.
10:24
They live up there,
and slightly to one side.
and slightly to one side.
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2143
Bukvalno rečeno, oni su odvojeni od svojih tela.
10:27
They're disembodied, you know,
in a kind of literal way.
in a kind of literal way.
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3374
Oni smatraju da su im tela
10:30
They look upon their body as a form
of transport for their heads.
of transport for their heads.
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3093
prevozno sredstvo za njihove glave, zar ne?
10:34
(Laughter)
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6166
10:40
Don't they?
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1016
(Smeh) Oni tako prevoze svoje glave na sastanke.
10:41
It's a way of getting
their head to meetings.
their head to meetings.
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617240
2222
10:43
(Laughter)
228
619486
5512
Ako želite pravi dokaz bestelesnog iskustva,
10:49
If you want real evidence
of out-of-body experiences,
of out-of-body experiences,
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idite na konferenciju
10:52
get yourself along to a residential
conference of senior academics,
conference of senior academics,
230
628876
3486
akademskih profesora
i onda poslednje veče banite u diskoteku.
10:56
and pop into the discotheque
on the final night.
on the final night.
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2243
10:58
(Laughter)
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2801
(Smeh) I tamo ćete videti, odrasle muškarce i žene
11:01
And there, you will see it.
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1356
11:02
Grown men and women
writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
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4118
kako se nekotrolisao mlate bez imalo ritma,
11:07
(Laughter)
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čekajući kraj da odu kući i napišu naučni rad o tome.
11:09
Waiting until it ends so they can
go home and write a paper about it.
go home and write a paper about it.
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3325
Naš obrazovni sistem počiva na ideji akademske sposobnosti.
11:13
(Laughter)
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649240
1904
11:15
Our education system is predicated
on the idea of academic ability.
on the idea of academic ability.
238
651168
3843
Razlog za to postoji.
11:19
And there's a reason.
239
655035
1241
Širom sveta, nije postojao
11:20
Around the world, there were
no public systems of education,
no public systems of education,
240
656300
3556
državni sistem obrazovanja pre 19. veka.
11:23
really, before the 19th century.
241
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2106
Svi su oni stvoreni
11:26
They all came into being
to meet the needs of industrialism.
to meet the needs of industrialism.
242
662010
2957
kako bi zadovoljili potrebe industrijalizma.
A hijerarhija je zasnovana na dvema idejama.
11:29
So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
243
665269
2163
Prvo, predmeti koji su najkorisniji za posao
11:31
Number one, that the most useful
subjects for work are at the top.
subjects for work are at the top.
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4597
su na vrhu. Tako da su vas možda dobronamerno odvratili
11:36
So you were
probably steered benignly away
probably steered benignly away
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2031
od stvari koje ste voleli u školi kao dete,
11:38
from things at school when you
were a kid, things you liked,
were a kid, things you liked,
246
674132
2934
iz tog razloga što
se time nikada nećete baviti. Nije li tako?
11:41
on the grounds that you would
never get a job doing that. Is that right?
never get a job doing that. Is that right?
247
677090
3386
Mani se muzike, nećeš biti muzičar,
11:44
Don't do music, you're not
going to be a musician;
going to be a musician;
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2381
mani se umetnosti, nećeš biti umetnik.
11:46
don't do art, you won't be an artist.
249
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1801
11:48
Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.
250
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3420
Dobronameran savet - ali sada poptuno pogrešan. Celi svet
11:52
The whole world
is engulfed in a revolution.
is engulfed in a revolution.
251
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2145
je zahvaćen revolucijom.
Druga je ideja akademska sposobnost, koja je ovladala
11:54
And the second is academic ability,
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2097
11:56
which has really come to dominate
our view of intelligence,
our view of intelligence,
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692464
2885
našim shvatanjem inteligencije
jer su univerziteti kreirali sistem prema sebi.
11:59
because the universities designed
the system in their image.
the system in their image.
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695373
2903
Ako porazmislite, čitavi sistem
12:02
If you think of it, the whole system
of public education around the world
of public education around the world
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3494
javnog obrazovanja širom sveta je razvučen poces
prijema na fakultet.
12:05
is a protracted process
of university entrance.
of university entrance.
256
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2226
I kao posledica toga, mnogi veoma talentovani,
12:08
And the consequence
is that many highly-talented,
is that many highly-talented,
257
704068
2333
brilijantni, kreativni ljudi misle da to nisu,
12:10
brilliant, creative
people think they're not,
people think they're not,
258
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2435
jer ono u čemu su bili dobri u školi
12:12
because the thing
they were good at at school
they were good at at school
259
708884
2138
nije bilo cenjeno ili je čak žigosano.
12:15
wasn't valued,
or was actually stigmatized.
or was actually stigmatized.
260
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2108
12:17
And I think we can't afford
to go on that way.
to go on that way.
261
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2296
Mi ne možemo da dozvolimo da nastavimo ovako.
12:19
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,
262
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2464
Kako navodi UNESCO, u narednih 30 godina,
će više ljudi širom sveta diplomirati na fakultetima
12:22
more people worldwide will be graduating
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2810
nego što je ikada od početka istorije obrazovanja.
12:25
through education
than since the beginning of history.
than since the beginning of history.
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2546
A to je kombinacija
12:27
More people, and it's the combination
of all the things we've talked about --
of all the things we've talked about --
265
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3681
svega onoga o čemu smo pričali -
tehnologije i njenog uticaja na transformaciju poslova, demografije
12:31
technology and its transformation
effect on work, and demography
effect on work, and demography
266
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3048
i ogromnog porasta u populaciji.
12:34
and the huge explosion in population.
267
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1804
Odjednom, diplome više ne vrede ništa. Nije li tako?
12:36
Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.
268
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2865
Kada sam ja bio student, ako imaš diplomu, imaš posao.
12:39
Isn't that true?
269
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1380
12:40
When I was a student,
if you had a degree, you had a job.
if you had a degree, you had a job.
270
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2753
Ako nemaš posao, to je zato što ne želiš da ga imaš.
12:43
If you didn't have a job,
it's because you didn't want one.
it's because you didn't want one.
271
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2776
I iskreno rečeno, ja ga nisam želeo. (Smeh)
12:46
And I didn't want one, frankly. (Laughter)
272
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2676
12:49
But now kids with degrees
273
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4074
Ali sada, deca sa diplomama često
12:53
are often heading home
to carry on playing video games,
to carry on playing video games,
274
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3045
idu kućama da igraju video igrice,
jer ti treba master za posao koji je pre zathevao diplomu,
12:56
because you need an MA where
the previous job required a BA,
the previous job required a BA,
275
752167
3198
a za ovaj drugi ti sad treba doktorat.
12:59
and now you need a PhD for the other.
276
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1787
To je proces akademske inflacije.
13:01
It's a process of academic inflation.
277
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1776
13:03
And it indicates the whole
structure of education
structure of education
278
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I pokazuje da nam se čitava struktura obrazovanja
potresa pod nogama. Mi moramo radikalno da promenimo
13:05
is shifting beneath our feet.
279
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1433
13:06
We need to radically rethink
our view of intelligence.
our view of intelligence.
280
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2620
naše shvatanje inteligencije.
O inteligenciji znamo tri stvari.
13:09
We know three things about intelligence.
281
765501
1995
Prvo, ima je više vrsta. Mi o svetu razmišljamo
na sve one načine
na sve one načine
13:11
One, it's diverse.
282
767520
1227
13:12
We think about the world in all the ways
that we experience it.
that we experience it.
283
768771
3005
na koje ga i doživljavamo. Razmišljamo vizuelno,
razmišljamo slušajući i razmišljamo kinestetički.
13:15
We think visually, we think in sound,
we think kinesthetically.
we think kinesthetically.
284
771800
2976
Razmišljamo na apstraktan način, razmišljamo krećući se.
13:18
We think in abstract terms,
we think in movement.
we think in movement.
285
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2301
Drugo, inteligencija je dinamična.
13:21
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.
286
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1754
Ako pogledate interakcije ljudskog mozga, kao što smo čuli
13:23
If you look at the interactions
of a human brain,
of a human brain,
287
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2389
13:26
as we heard yesterday
from a number of presentations,
from a number of presentations,
288
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2976
juče u mnogim prezentacijama,
13:29
intelligence is wonderfully interactive.
289
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1976
inteligencija je neverovatno interaktivna.
13:31
The brain isn't divided into compartments.
290
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2238
Mozak nije podeljen na odeljke.
13:33
In fact, creativity --
which I define as the process
which I define as the process
291
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3103
Zapravo, kreativnost, koju ja definišem kao proces
13:37
of having original ideas
that have value --
that have value --
292
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2325
stvaranja originalnih ideja koje imaju vrednost,
često nastaje putem interakcije
13:39
more often than not comes about
through the interaction
through the interaction
293
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2652
različitih načina sagledavanja stvari.
13:42
of different disciplinary
ways of seeing things.
ways of seeing things.
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3000
Mozak je namerno... Uzgred,
13:46
By the way, there's a shaft of nerves
that joins the two halves of the brain
that joins the two halves of the brain
295
802310
3666
postoju snop nerava koji povezuje moždane hemisfere
13:50
called the corpus callosum.
296
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1491
i zove se korpus kalosum. Deblji je kod žena.
13:51
It's thicker in women.
297
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1266
Da se nadovežen na Helenin govor od juče,
13:53
Following off from Helen yesterday,
298
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1741
to razlog zašto su žene bolje u istovremenom
obavljanju više poslova.
obavljanju više poslova.
13:54
this is probably why women
are better at multi-tasking.
are better at multi-tasking.
299
810853
3123
13:58
Because you are, aren't you?
300
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1817
Vi zaista jeste bolje u tome, zar ne?
13:59
There's a raft of research,
but I know it from my personal life.
but I know it from my personal life.
301
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3207
Postoje mnoga istraživanja, ali ja to znam iz ličnog iskustva.
Kada moja žena sprema ručak,
14:03
If my wife is cooking a meal at home --
which is not often, thankfully.
which is not often, thankfully.
302
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5238
što se hvala bogu ne dešava često. (Smeh)
14:09
(Laughter)
303
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2854
Ne, neke stvari joj stvarno idu od ruke.
14:11
No, she's good at some things,
but if she's cooking,
but if she's cooking,
304
827878
2498
Ali ako sprema ručak,
ona takođe razgovara preko telefona,
14:14
she's dealing with people on the phone,
305
830400
1876
priča sa decom, kreči plafon,
14:16
she's talking to the kids,
she's painting the ceiling,
she's painting the ceiling,
306
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2556
14:18
she's doing open-heart surgery over here.
307
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3096
izvodu operaciju na otvorenom srcu...
14:22
If I'm cooking, the door
is shut, the kids are out,
is shut, the kids are out,
308
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2976
Kada ja spremam ručak, vrata su zatvorena, deca su napolju,
14:25
the phone's on the hook,
if she comes in I get annoyed.
if she comes in I get annoyed.
309
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2976
telefon je ugašen, ona ako uđe ja se iznerviram.
14:28
I say, "Terry, please,
I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
310
844000
3071
Kažem: ''Teri, molim te, ja pokušavam
da ispržim jaje. Ostavi me.'' (Smeh)
da ispržim jaje. Ostavi me.'' (Smeh)
14:31
(Laughter)
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14:38
"Give me a break."
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14:39
(Laughter)
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Znate ono staro filozofsko pitanje:
14:41
Actually, do you know
that old philosophical thing,
that old philosophical thing,
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ako drvo padne u šumi i niko to ne čuje,
14:43
if a tree falls in a forest
and nobody hears it, did it happen?
and nobody hears it, did it happen?
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da li se to zaista desilo? Sećate li se tog starog kestena?
14:47
Remember that old chestnut?
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14:48
I saw a great t-shirt
recently, which said,
recently, which said,
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Nedavno sam video super majicu
sa natpisom: ''Ako čovek u šumi
sa natpisom: ''Ako čovek u šumi
14:51
"If a man speaks his mind
in a forest, and no woman hears him,
in a forest, and no woman hears him,
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kaže naglas šta misli i ni jedna žena ga ne čuje,
14:55
is he still wrong?"
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da li i dalje nije u pravu?'' (Smeh)
14:56
(Laughter)
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15:03
And the third thing about intelligence is,
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I treća stvar u vezi sa inteligencijom je
15:06
it's distinct.
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njena posebnost. Trenutno radim na novoj knjizi
15:07
I'm doing a new book at the moment
called "Epiphany,"
called "Epiphany,"
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koja se zove ''Otkrovenje'' i zasnovana je na seriji
15:10
which is based on a series
of interviews with people
of interviews with people
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razgovora sa ljudima o tome kako su otkrili
15:12
about how they discovered their talent.
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svoje talente. Fasciniran sam time.
15:14
I'm fascinated
by how people got to be there.
by how people got to be there.
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Knjiga je inspirisana razgovorom
15:16
It's really prompted by a conversation
I had with a wonderful woman
I had with a wonderful woman
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sa jednom divnom ženom za koju verovatno većina
nikad nije čula. Zove se Džilijan Lin.
15:20
who maybe most people
have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
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Da li ste čuli za nju? Neki od vas jesu. Ona je koreograf
15:22
Have you heard of her? Some have.
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i svi znaju njen rad.
15:24
She's a choreographer,
and everybody knows her work.
and everybody knows her work.
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Radila je ''Mačke'' i ''Fantom u operi.''
15:27
She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."
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2001
Divna je. Ja sam bio u odboru Kraljevskog baleta u Engleskoj,
15:29
She's wonderful.
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978
15:30
I used to be on the board
of The Royal Ballet,
of The Royal Ballet,
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kao što možete videti.
15:32
as you can see.
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15:33
Anyway, Gillian and I had
lunch one day and I said,
lunch one day and I said,
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Džilijan i ja smo jednom ručali zajedno i ja sam je upitao:
''Kako si postala plesačica?'' Rekla mi je da
15:36
"How did you get to be a dancer?"
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15:37
It was interesting.
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je to bilo vrlo interesantno. Kada je još bila u školi,
15:39
When she was at school,
she was really hopeless.
she was really hopeless.
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bila je beznadežan slučaj. U tridesetim, škola
15:41
And the school, in the '30s,
wrote to her parents and said,
wrote to her parents and said,
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je poslala pismo njenim roditeljima i rekla: ''Mi mislimo da
15:45
"We think Gillian
has a learning disorder."
has a learning disorder."
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Džilijen ima problema s učenjem.''
Nije mogla da se koncentriše,
Nije mogla da se koncentriše,
stalno se vrpoljila. Mislim da bi joj danas rekli da
15:47
She couldn't concentrate;
she was fidgeting.
she was fidgeting.
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ima hiperkinetički poremećaj. Ali to su bile '30.,
15:49
I think now they'd say she had ADHD.
Wouldn't you?
Wouldn't you?
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15:52
But this was the 1930s, and ADHD
hadn't been invented at this point.
hadn't been invented at this point.
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4059
i hiperkinetički poremećaj još nije bio izmišljen.
To nije bila moguća dijagnoza. (Smeh)
15:56
It wasn't an available condition.
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15:59
(Laughter)
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Ljudi nisu znali da to mogu da imaju.
16:01
People weren't aware they could have that.
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Odveli su je da porazgovara sa specijalistom.
16:03
(Laughter)
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16:06
Anyway, she went to see this specialist.
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942003
4278
Otišla je tamo s majkom,
uveli su je i rekli joj da sedne na stolicu.
16:10
So, this oak-paneled room,
and she was there with her mother,
and she was there with her mother,
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Sedela je na svojim rukama nekih 20 minuta dok
16:14
and she was led and sat
on this chair at the end,
on this chair at the end,
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je taj čovek razgovarao s njenom majkom o
16:16
and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes
while this man talked to her mother
while this man talked to her mother
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problemima koje je Džilijen imala u školi.
16:20
about the problems
Gillian was having at school.
Gillian was having at school.
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Kako je ometala ostale đake,
16:22
Because she was disturbing people;
her homework was always late; and so on,
her homework was always late; and so on,
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3677
kako joj je domaći uvek kasnio, itd...
Dete od osam godina... Na kraju, doktor je seo
16:26
little kid of eight.
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1096
16:27
In the end, the doctor
went and sat next to Gillian, and said,
went and sat next to Gillian, and said,
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3055
kraj Džilijan i rekao: ''Džilijan,
saslušao sam sve što mi je tvoja majka rekla
16:30
"I've listened to all these
things your mother's told me,
things your mother's told me,
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2705
i želeo bih da s njom nasamo porazgovaram.''
16:33
I need to speak to her privately.
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1619
'Sačekaj ovde, mi ćemo brzo da se vratimo.''
16:34
Wait here. We'll be back;
we won't be very long,"
we won't be very long,"
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2376
Onda su otišli.
16:37
and they went and left her.
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Ali dok su izlazili iz sobe, on je upalio radio
16:39
But as they went out of the room,
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na njegovom stolu. I kada su
16:41
he turned on the radio
that was sitting on his desk.
that was sitting on his desk.
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977248
2500
izašli iz sobe, rekao je njenoj majci:
16:44
And when they got out, he said to her
mother, "Just stand and watch her."
mother, "Just stand and watch her."
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''Samo je posmatrajte.'' I čim su napustili sobu,
16:48
And the minute they left the room,
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ona je odmah bila na nogama, krećućići se uz muziku.
16:51
she was on her feet, moving to the music.
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2484
Posmatrali su je nekoliko minuta
16:53
And they watched for a few minutes
and he turned to her mother and said,
and he turned to her mother and said,
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3453
i onda se doktor okrenu k majci i rekao:
16:57
"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian
isn't sick; she's a dancer.
isn't sick; she's a dancer.
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''G-đo Lin, Džilijan nije bolesna, ona je plesačica.''
17:01
Take her to a dance school."
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1976
'Vodite je u plesnu školu.''
17:03
I said, "What happened?"
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999000
1976
''I šta se desilo?'', upitao sam je.
17:05
She said, "She did. I can't tell you
how wonderful it was.
how wonderful it was.
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2976
''Odvela me je. Ne mogu ti opisati kako je bilo divno.''
17:08
We walked in this room
and it was full of people like me.
and it was full of people like me.
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''Ušla sam u prostoriju koja je bila puna
ljudi kao što sam ja. Ljudi koji nisu mogli da miruju.
17:10
People who couldn't sit still.
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2199
17:13
People who had to move to think."
Who had to move to think.
Who had to move to think.
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1009000
4587
Ljudi koji su morali da se kreću da bi mislili.''
Igrali su balet, step, džez,
17:17
They did ballet, they did tap, jazz;
they did modern; they did contemporary.
they did modern; they did contemporary.
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1013746
3630
moderan, savremeni ples.
Na kraju je otišla na audiciju za Kraljevski baletsku školu,
17:21
She was eventually auditioned
for the Royal Ballet School;
for the Royal Ballet School;
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postala je solista, imala je divnu karijetu
17:24
she became a soloist; she had
a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
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1020244
3299
u baletskoj školi. Dobila je diplomu
Kraljevske baletske škole i
17:27
She eventually graduated
from the Royal Ballet School,
from the Royal Ballet School,
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1023567
2608
osnovala svoj plesni ansambl ''Džilijen Lin'',
17:30
founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,
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1026200
1975
upoznala Endrua Lojda Vebera. Zaslužna je za
17:32
met Andrew Lloyd Webber.
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1028200
1243
17:33
She's been responsible for
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1029568
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neke od najuspešnijih pozorišnih muzičkih
17:35
some of the most successful
musical theater productions in history,
musical theater productions in history,
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1031001
3146
ostvarenja u istoriji, pružila je zavodoljstvo milionima ljudi,
17:38
she's given pleasure to millions,
and she's a multi-millionaire.
and she's a multi-millionaire.
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1034172
3072
17:41
Somebody else might have put her
on medication and told her to calm down.
on medication and told her to calm down.
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1037269
4070
i postala je multi-milioner. Neko drugi
bi joj prepisao lekove i rekao joj
17:45
(Applause)
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6782
da se smiri.
Mislim da... (Aplauz) Mislim da...
17:52
What I think it comes to is this:
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1601
Al Gor je pre neko veče govorio
17:54
Al Gore spoke the other night
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1050200
1776
17:56
about ecology and the revolution
that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
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1052000
4269
o ekologiji i revoluciji koju je pokrenula Rejčel Karson.
Verujem da nam je jedina nada za budućnost
18:01
I believe our only hope for the future
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1057111
2166
da usvojimo novi način poimanja ljudske ekologije,
18:03
is to adopt a new conception
of human ecology,
of human ecology,
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1059301
3833
prema kome ćemo rekonstituisati poimanje
18:07
one in which we start
to reconstitute our conception
to reconstitute our conception
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1063158
2818
18:10
of the richness of human capacity.
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1066000
1976
bogatstva ljudske sposobnosti.
18:12
Our education system has mined our minds
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Naši obrazovni sistem je oblikovao naš um tako da
18:15
in the way that we strip-mine the earth:
for a particular commodity.
for a particular commodity.
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3276
ogoljujemo Zemlju radi nekog proizvoda.
I u budućnosti, to neće moći tako.
18:19
And for the future, it won't serve us.
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2484
Mi moramo da razmislimo o osnovnim principima
18:21
We have to rethink
the fundamental principles
the fundamental principles
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2280
18:24
on which we're educating our children.
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1968
prema kojima obrazujemo našu decu. Postoji
divan citat Džonasa Salka: "Ako bi svi insekti
18:26
There was a wonderful quote
by Jonas Salk, who said,
by Jonas Salk, who said,
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2674
18:28
"If all the insects
were to disappear from the Earth,
were to disappear from the Earth,
397
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5039
nestali sa Zemlje,
za 50 godina, sav život na Zemlji bi izumro.
18:33
within 50 years all life
on Earth would end.
on Earth would end.
398
1089848
2841
Ako bi svi ljudi nestali sa Zemlje,
18:37
If all human beings
disappeared from the Earth,
disappeared from the Earth,
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3072
za 50 godina bi se svi oblići života rascvetali.''
18:40
within 50 years all forms
of life would flourish."
of life would flourish."
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2634
I u pravu je.
18:44
And he's right.
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1100244
1285
TED slavi dar ljudskog nadahnuća.
18:46
What TED celebrates is the gift
of the human imagination.
of the human imagination.
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3634
Mi moramo da pazimo da ga mudro iskoristimo,
18:50
We have to be careful now
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i da sprečimo neke od stvari
18:52
that we use this gift wisely
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18:54
and that we avert some of the scenarios
that we've talked about.
that we've talked about.
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3229
o kojima smo ovde govorili. I jedini način
18:58
And the only way we'll do it is by seeing
our creative capacities
our creative capacities
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1114044
3932
da to ostvarimo je da sagledamo svog bogatstvo naših
19:02
for the richness they are
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1610
kreativnih kapaciteta i da sagledamo
19:03
and seeing our children
for the hope that they are.
for the hope that they are.
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našu decu kroz nadu koju u sebi nose. I naš je zadatak
19:06
And our task is to educate
their whole being,
their whole being,
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da obrazujemo njihovo celo biće, da bi mogli
da se suoče s budućnošću.
da se suoče s budućnošću.
19:09
so they can face this future.
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Mi možda ne možemo da vidimo tu budućnost,
19:10
By the way -- we may not see this future,
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19:13
but they will.
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ali oni će je videti. I naš je posao da im pomognemo
19:14
And our job is to help them
make something of it.
make something of it.
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da stvore nešto od nje. Hvala vam najlepše.
19:17
Thank you very much.
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19:18
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educatorCreativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.
Why you should listen
Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."
A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com