Lera Boroditsky: How language shapes the way we think
Лера Бородитски: Како јазикот влијае на нашето размислување
Lera Boroditsky is trying to figure out how humans get so smart. Full bio
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using language ...
that we humans have.
што ние луѓето ја поседуваме.
thoughts to one another.
навистина сложени мисли.
I'm making sounds with my mouth
air vibrations in the air.
those vibrations from your eardrums
we humans are able to transmit our ideas
сме способни да пренесуваме идеи
knowledge across minds.
од еден на друг ум.
in your mind right now.
идеја во вашиот ум сега.
танцува во библиотека
relatively well in your life so far,
добро во вашиот живот,
that thought before.
one language in the world,
spoken around the world.
from one another in all kinds of ways.
на различни начини.
shape the way we think?
ги обликува нашите мисли?
about this question forever.
римско царство
is to have a second soul" --
е да се има втора душа“-
that language crafts reality.
ја обликува реалноста.
Shakespeare has Juliet say,
Јулија на Шекспир вели:
would smell as sweet."
име исто мириса убаво.“
language doesn't craft reality.
не ја обликува реалноста.
back and forth for thousands of years.
there hasn't been any data
and other labs around the world,
to weigh in on this question.
како одговор на прашањето.
some of my favorite examples.
од моите омилени примери.
from an Aboriginal community in Australia
на австралиските Абориџини
at the very west edge of Cape York.
на крајниот запад на Кејп Јорк.
words like "left" and "right,"
„лево“ и „десно“,
is in cardinal directions:
I really mean everything.
on your southwest leg."
to the north-northeast a little bit."
према север, северо-запад.
in Kuuk Thaayorre is you say,
around your day,
се движите?
oriented pretty fast, right?
couldn't get past "hello,"
which way you were going.
like this stay oriented really well.
добро се ориентираат.
than we used to think humans could.
отколку што мислевме.
were worse than other creatures
им е потешко од другите суштества
in our beaks or in our scales."
клуновите и крлушките.“
trains you to do it,
ве научи да го правите тоа,
who stay oriented really well.
from the way we do it,
од нашиот начин,
your eyes for a second
there, there, there, there ...
in this room was not very high.
ability across languages, right?
способност кај јазиците.
distinguished group like you guys --
and they would know.
in how people think about time.
како луѓето размислуваат за времето.
of my grandfather at different ages.
на различна возраст.
to organize time,
како го организира времето,
in the opposite direction,
told you about, do it?
like "left" and "right."
го организираа
get locked on the body at all,
then time goes this way.
и времето ќе оди натаму.
the direction of time chase me around
time is locked on the landscape.
е врзано за просторот.
на размислување за времето.
of thinking about time.
how many penguins are there.
that problem if you solved it.
four, five, six, seven, eight."
was the number of penguins.
бројот на пингвините.
that you're taught to use as kids.
and you learn how to apply it.
како да ги примените.
don't have exact number words.
a word like "seven"
these languages don't count,
тие јазици не бројат,
keeping track of exact quantities.
прецизни количини.
to match this number of penguins
број на пингвините
that linguistic trait can't do that.
трикови, нема да го направат тоа.
they divide up the color spectrum --
поделбата на спектарот на бои-
lots of words for colors,
"light" and "dark."
boundaries between colors.
каде ја стваат границата меѓу боите.
there's a world for blue
that you can see on the screen,
кои ги гледата на екранот,
have to differentiate
of experience of, in language,
во јазикот,
to perceptually discriminate these colors,
да ги разликуваат овие бои
Russian speakers are faster
to tell the difference
as they're looking at colors --
кои посматраат бои -
from light to dark blue --
од посветли кон потемни -
different words for light and dark blue
зборови за светла и темна нијанса
as the colors shift from light to dark,
промена на бојата од светла кон темна,
has categorically changed,"
of English speakers, for example,
this categorical distinction,
of structural quirks.
на структурални чуда.
often masculine or feminine.
машки или женски род.
in German but masculine in Spanish,
германски, но во шпанскиот е машки род,
consequence for how people think?
as somehow more female-like,
сонцето изгледа поженствено?
to, say, describe a bridge,
Шпанец да опише мост,
feminine in German,
to say bridges are "beautiful," "elegant"
дека мостот е убав, елегантен,
will be more likely to say
they describe events, right?
како опишуваат настани.
"He broke the vase."
се каже „Тој ја скрши вазната.“
to say, "The vase broke,"
that someone did it.
тие не велат дека некој ја скршил.
we can even say things like,
unless you are a lunatic
освен ако не сте лудак
looking to break your arm --
you would use a different construction.
друга формулација.
will pay attention to different things,
јазици се фокусираат на различни работи,
usually requires them to do.
бара јазикот од нив.
to English speakers and Spanish speakers,
на Англичани и Шпанци,
кој го извршил дејството,
„Тој го стори тоа, тој ја скрши вазната“.
to say, "He did it; he broke the vase."
да запамтат кој го сторил тоа
less likely to remember who did it
that it was an accident.
to remember the intention.
different things about that event.
нешта за настанот.
for eyewitness testimony.
for blame and punishment.
someone breaking a vase,
as opposed to "The vase broke,"
наместо „Се скрши вазната“,
if I just said, "He broke it,"
ако речам: „Тој ја скрши“,
our reasoning about events.
мислење за настаните.
shape the way we think,
влијае врз нашето размислување
coordinate frames from each other.
really deep effects --
with the case of number.
you can't do algebra,
направите работите
to build a room like this
изградба на оваа просторија
gives you a stepping stone
се отскочна даска
нов когнитивен свет.
really early effects,
basic, perceptual decisions.
перцептивни одлуки.
perceptual decisions that we make.
одлуки кои ги донесуваме.
may be a little silly,
grammatical gender applies to all nouns.
се однесува на сите именки.
how you're thinking
како размислуваме
named by a noun.
of how language can shape things
како јазикот ги обликува нештата
or eyewitness memory.
in our daily lives.
is that it reveals to us
разноврсност е тоа што таа ни открива
the human mind is.
и флексибилен човечкиот ум.
not one cognitive universe, but 7,000 --
7.000 когнитивни универзуми-
spoken around the world.
се зборуваат во светот.
and change to suit our needs.
и менуваме за сопствени потреби.
so much of this linguistic diversity
од оваа лингвистичка разноврсност
will be gone in the next hundred years.
ќе исчезнат во наредните 100 години.
the human mind and human brain
ум и мозокот, претежно
English-speaking undergraduates
студенти кои зборуваат англиски
е прилично ограничено и пристрасно,
is actually incredibly narrow and biased,
with this final thought.
со оваа последна мисла.
различни јазици размислуваат различно,
of different languages think differently,
другите размислуваат.
how people elsewhere think.
го обликува вашето размислување.
shapes the way that you think.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lera Boroditsky - Cognitive scientistLera Boroditsky is trying to figure out how humans get so smart.
Why you should listen
Lera Boroditsky is an associate professor of cognitive science at University of California San Diego and editor in chief of Frontiers in Cultural Psychology. She previously served on the faculty at MIT and at Stanford. Her research is on the relationships between mind, world and language (or how humans get so smart).
Boroditsky has been named one of 25 visionaries changing the world by the Utne Reader, and is also a Searle Scholar, a McDonnell scholar, recipient of an NSF Career award and an APA Distinguished Scientist lecturer. She once used the Indonesian exclusive "we" correctly before breakfast and was proud of herself about it all day.
Lera Boroditsky | Speaker | TED.com