TED2004
Matthieu Ricard: The habits of happiness
Matiju Rikard o navikama sreće
Filmed:
Readability: 3.8
9,314,836 views
Šta je sreća i kako je svi možemo zadobiti? Biohemičar, preobražen budistički monah Matiju Rikard kaže da možemo istrenirati umove naviknute na dobrostanje da stvore pravi smisao spokoja i ispunjenja.
Matthieu Ricard - Monk, author, photographer
Sometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer. Full bio
Sometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So, I guess it is a result of globalization that you can find
0
0
5000
Pa, pretpostavljam da je rezultat globalizacije to što možete naći
00:17
Coca-Cola tins on top of Everest and a Buddhist monk in Monterey.
1
5000
5000
limenku "Koka Kole" na vrhu Mont Everesta i budističkog monaha u Monetreju.
00:22
(Laughter)
2
10000
3000
(Smeh)
00:25
And so I just came, two days ago, from the Himalayas to your kind invitation.
3
13000
6000
Došao sam pre par dana sa Himalaja na vaš ljubazni poziv.
00:31
So I would like to invite you, also, for a while, to the Himalayas themselves.
4
19000
4000
Pa bih želeo da i ja vas pozovem na kratku posetu Himalajima.
00:37
And to show the place where meditators, like me,
5
25000
6000
Da vam pokažem mesto gde su meditanti, kao ja,
00:43
who began with being a molecular biologist in Pasteur Institute,
6
31000
4000
koji sam počeo kao molekularni biolog u Institutu Paster,
00:47
and found their way to the mountains.
7
35000
4000
pronašli svoj put do planina.
00:52
So these are a few images I was lucky to take and be there.
8
40000
5000
Ovo su fotografije mesta koje sam imao sreću da posetim i fotografišem.
00:58
There's the Mount Kailash in Eastern Tibet -- wonderful setting.
9
46000
6000
Planina Kailash u istočnom Tibetu - divan predeo.
01:04
This is from Marlboro country.
10
52000
2000
Ovo je iz zemlje Malbora.
01:06
(Laughter)
11
54000
5000
(Smeh)
01:11
This is a turquoise lake.
12
59000
2000
Tirkizno jezero.
01:13
A meditator.
13
61000
2000
Meditant.
01:16
This is the hottest day of the year somewhere in Eastern Tibet, on August 1.
14
64000
5000
1. avgust, najtopliji dan negde u istočnom Tibetu.
01:21
And the night before, we camped, and my Tibetan friends said,
15
69000
5000
Noć pre toga smo kampovali i moji tibetanski prijatelji su rekli:
01:26
"We are going to sleep outside." And I said, "Why? We have enough space in the tent."
16
74000
4000
''Spavaćemo napolju''. ''Zašto?'', pitao sam, ''u šatoru ima dovoljno mesta za sve''.
01:30
They said, "Yes, but it's summertime."
17
78000
2000
Odgovorili su mi: ''Da, ali sada je leto''.
01:32
(Laughter)
18
80000
4000
(Smeh)
01:37
So now, we are going to speak of happiness.
19
85000
3000
Dakle, sada ćemo da pričamo o sreći.
01:40
As a Frenchman, I must say that there are a lot of French intellectuals
20
88000
4000
Kao Francuz, moram da kažem da ima dosta francuskih intelektualaca
01:44
that think happiness is not at all interesting.
21
92000
4000
koji smatraju da sreća nije nimalo zanimljiva tema.
01:48
(Laughter)
22
96000
1000
(Smeh)
01:49
I just wrote an essay on happiness, and there was a controversy.
23
97000
3000
Upravo sam završio pisanje eseja o sreći koje je pokrenulo mnogo polemike.
01:52
And someone wrote an article saying, "Don't impose on us the dirty work of happiness."
24
100000
5000
Neko je napisao članak u kome mi poručuje da ne im namećem neumesne radove o sreći.
01:57
(Laughter)
25
105000
2000
(Smeh)
01:59
"We don't care about being happy. We need to live with passion.
26
107000
4000
''Nas ne zanima da budemo srećni. Nama je potrebno da živimo sa strašću.
02:03
We like the ups and downs of life.
27
111000
3000
Sviđaju nam se usponi i padovi kao deo života.
02:06
We like our suffering because it's so good when it ceases for a while."
28
114000
3000
Nama se dopada patnja jer, kada na kratko prestane, osećamo se dobro."
02:09
(Laughter)
29
117000
4000
(Smeh)
02:13
This is what I see from the balcony of my hermitage in the Himalayas.
30
121000
5000
Ovo je pogled sa balkona moje sobe na Himalajima.
02:18
It's about two meters by three, and you are all welcome any time.
31
126000
3000
Soba je dva metra sa tri i dobrodošli ste kada god poželite.
02:21
(Laughter)
32
129000
2000
(Smeh)
02:23
Now, let's come to happiness or well-being.
33
131000
6000
No, hajde da se vratimo na temu sreće ili blagostanja.
02:29
And first of all, you know, despite what the French intellectuals say,
34
137000
4000
Da kažemo, najpre, da bez obzira na to šta francuski intelektualci tvrde
02:33
it seems that no one wakes up in the morning thinking,
35
141000
3000
niko se ujutro ne budi sa željom:
02:36
"May I suffer the whole day?"
36
144000
2000
''Kad bih mogao da patim ceo dan!''
02:38
(Laughter)
37
146000
1000
(Smeh)
02:39
Which means that somehow -- consciously or not,
38
147000
5000
To samo znači da nekako - svesno ili ne,
02:44
directly or indirectly, in the short or the long term,
39
152000
4000
direktno ili indirektno, na kratke ili na duge staze
02:48
whatever we do, whatever we hope, whatever we dream --
40
156000
4000
šta god da radimo, čemu god da se nadamo, o čemu god da sanjamo -
02:52
somehow, is related to a deep, profound desire for well-being or happiness.
41
160000
8000
nekako, sve to je povezano sa dubokom, uzvišenom potrebom za blagostanjem ili srećom.
03:00
As Pascal said, even the one who hangs himself,
42
168000
4000
Kao što je Paskal rekao, čak i onaj koji izvrši samoubistvo,
03:04
somehow, is looking for cessation of suffering -- he finds no other way.
43
172000
7000
traži način da prekine patnju - ali nije našao nijedan drugi način.
03:11
But then, if you look in the literature, East and West,
44
179000
3000
Ako se osvrnemo na književnost, istočnu ili zapadnu,
03:14
you can find incredible diversity of definition of happiness.
45
182000
5000
videćemo da se sreća definiše na veoma različite načine.
03:19
Some people say, I only believed in remembering the past,
46
187000
5000
Neki kažu da veruju samo u sećanje na prošlost
03:24
imagining the future, never the present.
47
192000
2000
i u zamišljanje budućnosti, a da nikada ne polažu veru u sadašnjost.
03:26
Some people say happiness is right now;
48
194000
3000
Drugi tvrde da je sreća u sadašnjem trenutku;
03:29
it's the quality of the freshness of the present moment.
49
197000
4000
u samom doživljaju svežine sadašnjeg trenutka.
03:33
And that led to Henri Bergson, the French philosopher, to say,
50
201000
4000
I, to je navelo Anri Bergsona, francuskog filozofa, da kaže kako su
03:37
"All the great thinkers of humanity have left happiness in the vague
51
205000
4000
''svi veliki humanistički mislioci ostavili sreću nerazjašnjenom
03:41
so that they could define -- each of them could define their own terms."
52
209000
4000
kako bi je svako od njih mogao definisati po sopstvenom ličnom nahođenju''.
03:46
Well, that would be fine if it was just a secondary preoccupation in life.
53
214000
5000
Pa, to bi bilo sasvim prihvatljivo kada bismo govorili o nekoj nevažnoj životnoj obavezi.
03:52
But now, if it is something that is going to determine
54
220000
3000
Ali, ipak, ako govorimo o nečemu što određuje
03:55
the quality of every instant of our life,
55
223000
3000
kvalitet svakog trenutka naših života,
03:58
then we better know what it is, have some clearer idea.
56
226000
5000
bolje bi nam bilo da znamo šta je to, da imamo jasniju ideju o čemu govorimo.
04:03
And probably, the fact that we don't know that is why, so often,
57
231000
5000
I nije nemoguće da baš zato što ne znamo šta je to sreća, mi joj tako često
04:08
although we seek happiness, it seems we turn our back to it.
58
236000
3000
okrećemo leđa, iako zapravo sve vreme tragamo za njom.
04:11
Although we want to avoid suffering, it seems we are running somewhat towards it.
59
239000
5000
Iako želimo da izbegnemo patnju, čini se kao da joj nekako hrlimo u susret.
04:16
And that can also come from some kind of confusions.
60
244000
4000
A to takođe može proizilaziti iz raznih zabuna.
04:20
One of the most common ones is happiness and pleasure.
61
248000
4000
Najčešća je ona koja se tiče sreće i zadovoljstva.
04:24
But, if you look at the characteristics of those two,
62
252000
3000
Ali, ako razmislite o karakteristikama ove dve kategorije,
04:27
pleasure is contingent upon time, upon its object, upon the place.
63
255000
8000
videćete da je zadovoljstvo zavisno od vremena, mesta i od objekta zadovoljstva.
04:35
It is something that -- changes of nature.
64
263000
4000
To je nešto što je po svojoj prirodi promenljivo.
04:40
Beautiful chocolate cake: first serving is delicious,
65
268000
4000
Slasna čokoladna torta: prvo parče je izvrsno,
04:44
second one not so much, then we feel disgust.
66
272000
3000
i drugo je, ali ne toliko, a sledeće nam se već gadi.
04:47
(Laughter)
67
275000
2000
(Smeh)
04:49
That's the nature of things. We get tired.
68
277000
4000
Takva je priroda stvari: vremenom nas zamore.
04:53
I used to be a fan of Bach. I used to play it on the guitar, you know.
69
281000
4000
Nekada sam bio obožavalac Baha. Svirao sam njegove kompozicije na gitari, znate.
04:57
I can hear it two, three, five times.
70
285000
2000
Mogao sam da ga slušam dva, tri, pet puta.
04:59
If I had to hear it 24 hours, non-stop, it might be very tiring.
71
287000
5000
A da sam morao da ga slušam 24 sata, non-stop, to bi bilo veoma iscrpljujuće.
05:04
If you are feeling very cold, you come near a fire, it's so wonderful.
72
292000
5000
Kada vam je hladno, vi se pribliđite vatri, i to tako prija.
05:09
Then, after some moments, you just go a little back, and then it starts burning.
73
297000
3000
Onda, posle par trenutaka, malo se udaljite i na kraju gorite.
05:13
It sort of uses itself as you experience it.
74
301000
4000
Kao da se zadovoljstvo samim doživljajem troši.
05:19
And also, again, it can -- also, it's something that you --
75
307000
4000
Takođe, s druge strane, ono može - znate, ono je nešto što -
05:23
it is not something that is radiating outside.
76
311000
2000
zadovoljstvo nije nešto što se širi okolo.
05:25
Like, you can feel intense pleasure
77
313000
2000
Na primer, možete osećati jako zadovoljstvo,
05:27
and some others around you can be suffering a lot.
78
315000
5000
a da ipak ljudi oko vas pate u velikoj meri.
05:32
Now, what, then, will be happiness?
79
320000
3000
Šta bi onda bila sreća?
05:35
And happiness, of course, is such a vague word, so let's say well-being.
80
323000
5000
''Sreća'' je ipak tako nejasna reč, hajde da je kažemo ''blagostanje''.
05:42
And so, I think the best definition, according to the Buddhist view,
81
330000
4000
Dakle, mislim da bi najbolja definicija bila, prema budističkom pogledu,
05:46
is that well-being is not just a mere pleasurable sensation.
82
334000
7000
ona koja kaže da blagostanje nije samo ugodan oset ili senzacija.
05:53
It is a deep sense of serenity and fulfillment,
83
341000
5000
Blagostanje je duboko ukorenjen osećaj mirnoće i ispunjenosti,
05:58
a state that actually pervades and underlies all emotional states,
84
346000
11000
stanje koje preovlađuje nad svim drugim emocionalnim stanjima i predstavlja njihovo ishodište
06:09
and all the joys and sorrows that can come one's way.
85
357000
4000
ishodište svih radosti i tuga koje tokom života susrećemo.
06:13
For you, that might be surprising.
86
361000
2000
Možda vas ovo iznenađuje.
06:15
Can we have this kind of well-being while being sad? In a way, why not?
87
363000
6000
Da li možemo imati stanje dobrobiti ukoliko smo tužni? A zašto ne bismo?
06:21
Because we are speaking of a different level.
88
369000
3000
Jer, radi se o drugačijim kategorijama.
06:27
Look at the waves coming here to shore.
89
375000
4000
Pogledajte talase kako se primiču obali.
06:31
When you are at the bottom of the wave, you hit the bottom.
90
379000
4000
Kada ste na dnu talasa, potonućete na dno.
06:35
You hit the solid rock.
91
383000
2000
Udarićete u tvrdu stenu.
06:37
When you are surfing on the top, you are all elated.
92
385000
2000
Kada surfujete na vrhu talasa, osećate se moćno i uzvišeno.
06:39
So you go from elation to depression -- there's no depth.
93
387000
3000
Dakle, krećete se od ushićenja do depresije, ne postoji dubina.
06:44
Now, if you look at the high sea, there might be beautiful, calm ocean, like a mirror.
94
392000
6000
Sad, ako pogledate ka pučini, možete videti prelepi okean, miran kao ogledalo.
06:50
There might be storms, but the depth of the ocean is still there, unchanged.
95
398000
7000
Ili ćete videti oluje, ali dubina okeana je uvek tu nepromenljiva.
06:58
So now, how is that?
96
406000
2000
Kako to?
07:00
It can only be a state of being, not just a fleeting emotion, sensation.
97
408000
5000
To je razlika između postojanja i prolazne emocije, senzacije.
07:05
Even joy -- that can be the spring of happiness.
98
413000
4000
Zadovoljstvo može biti vesnik sreće.
07:09
But there's also wicked joy, you can rejoice in someone's suffering.
99
417000
4000
Ali, postoje i naopaka zadovoljstva, možete uživati u nečijoj patnji.
07:13
So how do we proceed in our quest for happiness? Very often, we look outside.
100
421000
8000
Dakle, kako da nastavimo našu potragu za srećom? Često za njom tragamo u spoljašnjem svetu.
07:21
We think that if we could gather this and that, all the conditions,
101
429000
5000
Mislimo da ako bismo posedovali ovo ili ono, ako bi se stekli svi uslovi,
07:26
something that we say, "Everything to be happy --
102
434000
3000
često kažemo, ''Bili bismo srećni kad bismo
07:29
to have everything to be happy."
103
437000
3000
imali sve što je potrebno da bismo bili srećni''.
07:32
That very sentence already reveals the doom of destruction of happiness.
104
440000
4000
I sama ta rečenica već otkriva uzrok propasti sreće.
07:36
To have everything. If we miss something, it collapses.
105
444000
5000
Imati sve. Ako nešto nedostaje, sve propada.
07:41
And also, when things go wrong, we try to fix the outside so much,
106
449000
4000
Isto tako, kada nešto krene naopako, mi se tako trudimo da popravimo ono što je spolja,
07:45
but our control of the outer world is limited, temporary, and often, illusory.
107
453000
9000
ne shvatajući da je naša kontrola nad spoljašnjim svetom ograničena i, često, varljiva.
07:54
So now, look at inner conditions. Aren't they stronger?
108
462000
4000
Hajde da pogledamo na unutrašnje uslove. Nisu li oni snažniji?
07:58
Isn't it the mind that translates the outer condition into happiness and suffering?
109
466000
6000
Zar nije um taj koji prevodi spoljašnje uslove u kategorije sreće ili patnje?
08:04
And isn't that stronger?
110
472000
2000
I zar nije on moćniji?
08:06
We know, by experience, that we can be what we call "a little paradise,"
111
474000
5000
Iz iskustva znamo da možemo živeti, kako se to kaže, ''kao bubreg u loju'',
08:11
and yet, be completely unhappy within.
112
479000
4000
pa da ipak budemo potpuno nesrećni iznutra.
08:16
The Dalai Lama was once in Portugal,
113
484000
3000
Dalaj Lama je jednom bio u Portugalu,
08:19
and there was a lot of construction going on everywhere.
114
487000
2000
a tamo se gradilo na sve strane.
08:21
So one evening, he said, "Look, you are doing all these things,
115
489000
3000
Jedne večeri je rekao, ''Pogledajte, sav taj trud da izgradite toliko toga,
08:24
but isn't it nice, also, to build something within?"
116
492000
3000
ali, zar nije podjednako bitno da i sebe izgradite?''
08:27
And he said, "Unless that -- even you get high-tech flat
117
495000
5000
A onda je nastavio, ''Jer - možda ćete dobiti najluksuzniji stan
08:32
on the 100th floor of a super-modern and comfortable building,
118
500000
5000
na 100. spratu super-moderne i udobne zgrade,
08:37
if you are deeply unhappy within,
119
505000
2000
ali, ako ste duboko u sebi nesrećni,
08:39
all you are going to look for is a window from which to jump."
120
507000
3000
jedino što će vas interesovati jeste prozor sa koga biste mogli skočiti.''
08:44
So now, at the opposite,
121
512000
2000
S druge strane,
08:46
we know a lot of people who, in very difficult circumstances,
122
514000
4000
svi znamo ljude koji žive u veoma teškim okolnostima
08:50
manage to keep serenity, inner strength, inner freedom, confidence.
123
518000
6000
a ipak uspevaju da očuvaju mirnoću, unutarnju snagu, slobodu, poverenje.
08:57
So now, if the inner conditions are stronger --
124
525000
2000
Dakle, ako su unutrašni uslovi jači -
08:59
of course, the outer conditions do influence,
125
527000
3000
naravno, spoljašnji uslovi nisu bez uticaja,
09:02
and it's wonderful to live longer, healthier,
126
530000
4000
i divno je živeti duže, zdravije,
09:06
to have access to information, education, to be able to travel,
127
534000
3000
imati pristup informacijama, obrazovanju, putovati,
09:09
to have freedom. It's highly desirable.
128
537000
5000
biti slobodan, sve je to vrlo poželjno.
09:14
However, this is not enough. Those are just auxiliary, help conditions.
129
542000
6000
Ipak, sve to nije i dovoljno; to su sve samo pomagala.
09:20
The experience that translates everything is within the mind.
130
548000
5000
Sam doživljaj nalazi se u nama samima, u našoj svesti.
09:25
So then, when we ask oneself how to nurture the condition for happiness,
131
553000
6000
Dakle, pitamo se kako da negujemo stanje sreće,
09:31
the inner conditions, and which are those which will undermine happiness.
132
559000
5000
unutrašnje uslove i šta je to što podriva sreću.
09:37
So then, this just needs to have some experience.
133
565000
3000
Odgovor zahteva lično iskustvo.
09:40
We have to know from ourselves, there are certain states of mind
134
568000
3000
I sami znamo da postoje određena stanja svesti
09:43
that are conducive to this flourishing, to this well-being,
135
571000
3000
koja su zaslužna za poletnost, blagostanje,
09:46
what the Greeks called eudaimonia, flourishing.
136
574000
5000
za ono što su antički Grci nazivali eudajmonizam, nadahnutost.
09:51
There are some which are adverse to this well-being.
137
579000
4000
Postoje i stanja suprotna blagostanju.
09:56
And so, if we look from our own experience,
138
584000
3000
Ako pogledamo iz sopstvenog iskustva -
09:59
anger, hatred, jealousy, arrogance, obsessive desire, strong grasping,
139
587000
9000
bes, mržnja, zavist, sujeta, opsesivna požuda, snažna pohlepa -
10:08
they don't leave us in such a good state after we have experienced it.
140
596000
5000
kada iskusimo ta osećanja, ne osećamo se dobro.
10:13
And also, they are detrimental to others' happiness.
141
601000
3000
Isto tako, ta osećanja ugrožavaju sreću drugih.
10:17
So we may consider that the more those are invading our mind,
142
605000
4000
Možemo zaključiti da ukoliko takva osećanja preovlađuju u nama,
10:21
and, like a chain reaction, the more we feel miserable, we feel tormented.
143
609000
5000
utoliko više ćemo se, posledično, osećati jadno i izmučeno.
10:27
At the opposite, everyone knows deep within that an act of selfless generosity,
144
615000
6000
Nasuprot tome, svako duboko u sebi zna da čin nesebične velikodušnosti,
10:33
if from the distance, without anyone knowing anything about it,
145
621000
5000
učinjen izdaleka, tako da niko ne zna za njega,
10:38
we could save a child's life, make someone happy.
146
626000
4000
može spasiti dečiji život ili učiniti nekoga srećnim.
10:42
We don't need the recognition. We don't need any gratitude.
147
630000
3000
Nije nam potrebno priznanje. Nije nam potrebna zahvalnost.
10:45
Just the mere fact of doing that fills such a sense of adequation with our deep nature.
148
633000
8000
Sama činjenica da smo tako nešto uradili ispunjava nas osećajem povezanosti sa našim iskonskim bićem.
10:53
And we would like to be like that all the time.
149
641000
3000
I želeli bismo da se uvek tako osećamo.
10:56
So is that possible, to change our way of being, to transform one's mind?
150
644000
6000
Dakle, da li je moguće promeniti način postojanja, transformisati nečiji um?
11:02
Aren't those negative emotions, or destructive emotions,
151
650000
4000
Zar nisu i negativne emocije ili destruktivne emocije
11:06
inherent to the nature of mind?
152
654000
3000
svojstvene samom umu?
11:09
Is change possible in our emotions, in our traits, in our moods?
153
657000
6000
Da li je moguće promeniti naša osećanja, naše osobine, naša raspoloženja?
11:15
For that we have to ask, what is nature of mind?
154
663000
3000
Da bismo na ovo odgovorili, moramo se zapitati: kakva je priroda uma?
11:18
And if we look from the experiential point of view,
155
666000
4000
Ako pogledamo sa stanovištva iskustva,
11:22
there is a primary quality of consciousness
156
670000
3000
osnovna osobina uma je svesnost,
11:25
that's just the mere fact to be cognitive, to be aware.
157
673000
5000
pri tome mislimo na činjenicu da um spoznaje, zapaža.
11:30
Consciousness is like a mirror that allows all images to rise on it.
158
678000
5000
Svest je kao ogledalo koje dopušta svim odrazima da se na njemu pojave.
11:35
You can have ugly faces, beautiful faces in the mirror.
159
683000
3000
Mogu se videti ružna lica i lepa lica.
11:38
The mirror allows that, but the mirror is not tainted,
160
686000
4000
Ogledalo to omogućuje, ali nije oštećeno,
11:42
is not modified, is not altered by those images.
161
690000
4000
nije promenjeno, na njega ne utiču sami odrazi.
11:46
Likewise, behind every single thought there is the bare consciousness, pure awareness.
162
694000
8000
Na isti način, iza svake misli postoji jednostavna svest, čisto zapažanje.
11:54
This is the nature. It cannot be tainted intrinsically with hatred or jealousy because,
163
702000
6000
To je priroda. Ona suštinski ne može biti obojena mržnjom ili ljubomorom zato što
12:00
then, if it was always there -- like a dye that would permeate the whole cloth --
164
708000
5000
jer, kada bi mogla - poput farbe koja oboji tkaninu -
12:05
then it would be found all the time, somewhere.
165
713000
3000
pronalazili bi je uvek negde, bez izuzetka.
12:08
We know we're not always angry, always jealous, always generous.
166
716000
5000
Znamo da nismo uvek besni, uvek ljubomorni, uvek velikodušni.
12:13
So, because the basic fabric of consciousness
167
721000
3000
Zato što je osnovni materijal svesti sastavljen od
12:16
is this pure cognitive quality that differentiates it from a stone,
168
724000
4000
čistog zapažanja, koji je čini različitom od stene,
12:20
there is a possibility for change because all emotions are fleeting.
169
728000
4000
postoji mogućnost za promenu, zato što su sve emocije prolazne.
12:24
That is the ground for mind training.
170
732000
3000
Ovo je polazište za vežbanje uma.
12:27
Mind training is based on the idea that two opposite mental factors
171
735000
5000
Vežbanje uma se zasniva na ideji da 2 suprotna mentalna faktora
12:32
cannot happen at the same time.
172
740000
2000
ne mogu delovati u isto vreme.
12:34
You could go from love to hate.
173
742000
2000
Možete prvo voleti, a onda mrzeti.
12:36
But you cannot, at the same time, toward the same object,
174
744000
3000
Ali, ne mozete u isto vreme, prema istom objektu,
12:39
the same person, want to harm and want to do good.
175
747000
4000
prema istoj osobi, osećati i želju da povredite i želju da učinite dobro.
12:43
You cannot, in the same gesture, shake hand and give a blow.
176
751000
4000
Ne možete jednim pokretom ruke pružiti ruku i udariti šamar.
12:47
So, there are natural antidotes to emotions
177
755000
4000
Znači, postoje prirodni protivotrovi za sve emocije
12:51
that are destructive to our inner well-being.
178
759000
3000
koje deluju negativno na naše unutrašnje blagostanje.
12:54
So that's the way to proceed. Rejoicing compared to jealousy.
179
762000
6000
Dakle, to je put koji bi trebalo slediti. Radovati se umesto da zavidimo.
13:00
A kind of sense of inner freedom as opposite to intense grasping and obsession.
180
768000
7000
Osećaj unutrašnje slobode nasuprot jakoj pohlepi i opsesiji.
13:08
Benevolence, loving kindness against hatred.
181
776000
5000
Dobrodušnost i ljubaznost nasuprot mržnji.
13:13
But, of course, each emotion then would need a particular antidote.
182
781000
5000
Naravno, svaka emocija bi morala imati poseban protivotrov.
13:18
Another way is to try to find a general antidote to all emotions,
183
786000
5000
Drugi način je da pokušamo da pronađemo univerzalni protivotrov za sve emocije,
13:23
and that's by looking at the very nature.
184
791000
3000
i to tako što ćemo posmatrati samu prirodu stvari.
13:26
Usually, when we feel annoyed, hatred or upset with someone,
185
794000
6000
Obično, kada nas nešto iritira, izaziva mržnju, uznemirava,
13:32
or obsessed with something, the mind goes again and again to that object.
186
800000
4000
ili kada smo opsednuti nečim, naše misli se stalno vraćaju na to.
13:36
Each time it goes to the object, it reinforces that obsession or that annoyance.
187
804000
6000
I svaki put kada pomislimo na taj objekat, on još više jača opsednutost i još više nas uznemirava.
13:42
So then, it's a self-perpetuating process.
188
810000
4000
Dakle, to je proces koji sam sebe pokreće i osnažuje.
13:46
So what we need to look now is, instead of looking outward, we look inward.
189
814000
5000
A ono što bi trebalo da posmatramo nije izvan, već u nama.
13:51
Look at anger itself.
190
819000
2000
Posmatrajte sam bes;
13:53
It looks very menacing, like a billowing monsoon cloud or thunderstorm.
191
821000
6000
on izgleda veoma preteće, kao naduti oblak monsuna ili oluja sa gromovima.
13:59
But we think we could sit on the cloud -- but if you go there, it's just mist.
192
827000
4000
Čini nam se da možemo sedeti na tom oblaku, ali ako probamo, videćemo da je to samo magla.
14:03
Likewise, if you look at the thought of anger,
193
831000
3000
Isto tako, ako pogledamo na samu misao o besu,
14:06
it will vanish like frost under the morning sun.
194
834000
4000
nestaće kao mraz na jutarnjem suncu.
14:10
If you do this again and again, the propensity,
195
838000
3000
Ako to činimo iznova i iznova, sam instinkt,
14:13
the tendencies for anger to arise again
196
841000
3000
sklonost ka besu da se ponovo javi
14:16
will be less and less each time you dissolve it.
197
844000
3000
biće sve slabiji i slabiji svaki put kada ga se na ovaj način oslobodimo.
14:19
And, at the end, although it may rise, it will just cross the mind,
198
847000
4000
Dok na kraju, ako se i pojavi, samo će proći kroz našu svest
14:23
like a bird crossing the sky without leaving any track.
199
851000
3000
kao što ptica proleti nebom ne ostavljajući nikakav trag.
14:26
So this is the principal of mind training.
200
854000
4000
Znači, ovo je princip vežbanja uma.
14:30
Now, it takes time because we -- it took time for all those faults in our mind,
201
858000
9000
Naravno, za to je potrebno vreme, zato što - bilo je potrebno vreme da se razviju
14:39
the tendencies, to build up, so it will take time to unfold them as well.
202
867000
4000
sve greške u našoj svesti i sve sklonosti, pa će tako biti potrebno vreme i da ih ispravimo.
14:43
But that's the only way to go.
203
871000
2000
Ali, to je jedini način.
14:45
Mind transformation -- that is the very meaning of meditation.
204
873000
5000
Transformacija uma, to je suštinsko značenje meditacije.
14:50
It means familiarization with a new way of being,
205
878000
3000
To znači upoznavanje sa novim načinom postojanja,
14:53
new way of perceiving things, which is more in adequation with reality,
206
881000
4000
novim načinom spoznaje stvari, što je više nego usaglašavanje sa realnošću,
14:57
with interdependence, with the stream and continuous transformation,
207
885000
4000
sa međuzavisnošću, sa tokom stvari i konstantnim menjanjem
15:01
which our being and our consciousness is.
208
889000
3000
što i jeste naše postojanje i naša svest.
15:04
So, the interface with cognitive science,
209
892000
2000
Dakle: veza sa kognitivnom naukom,
15:06
since we need to come to that, and it was, I suppose, the subject of --
210
894000
3000
pošto moramo zaključiti s tim, što je valjda i bila tema ovog -
15:09
we have to deal in such a short time
211
897000
2000
imamo vrlo malo vremena da se pozabavimo -
15:11
with brain plasticity. The brain was thought to be more or less fixed.
212
899000
4000
plastičnošću mozga. Smatralo se da je mozak manje ili više nepromenljiv.
15:15
All the nominal connections, in numbers and quantities, were thought --
213
903000
4000
Sve do poslednjih 20 godina, smatralo se da su sve nominalne povezanosti, u
15:19
until the last 20 years -- thought to be more or less fixed when we reached adult age.
214
907000
6000
brojkama i veličinama, manje ili više nepromenljive kada dostignemo zrelo doba.
15:25
Now, recently, it has been found that it can change a lot.
215
913000
3000
Relativno skoro, utvrđeno je da se one mogu promeniti i to u znatnoj meri.
15:28
A violinist, as we heard, who has done 10,000 hours of violin practice,
216
916000
4000
Kao što smo čuli, violinista koji je imao više od 10.000 sati sviranja na violini,
15:32
some area that controls the movements of fingers in the brain change a lot,
217
920000
5000
delovi njegovog mozga koji kontrolišu pokrete prstima se dosta menjaju,
15:37
increasing reinforcement of the synaptic connections.
218
925000
4000
uvećavajući na taj način snagu sinaptičkih veza.
15:41
So can we do that with human qualities?
219
929000
4000
Možemo li to isto primeniti i na ljudske osobine?
15:45
With loving kindness, with patience, with openness?
220
933000
4000
Sa toplinom,, strpljenjem, otvorenosti?
15:49
So that's what those great meditators have been doing.
221
937000
4000
To je ono čime se veliki meditanti bave.
15:53
Some of them who came to the labs, like in Madison, Wisconsin, or in Berkeley,
222
941000
7000
Neki od njih koji su došli u istraživačke laboratorije u Medisonu, Viskonsinu ili u
16:00
did 20 to 40,000 hours of meditation.
223
948000
5000
Berkliju, meditirali su između 20 i 40 hiljada sati.
16:05
They do, like, three years' retreat, where they do meditate 12 hours a day.
224
953000
3000
Oni zaista, tokom trogodišnjeg osamljivanja, meditiraju 12 sati dnevno.
16:08
And then, the rest of their life, they will do that three or four hours a day.
225
956000
4000
Nakon toga oni će do kraja života nastaviti da meditiraju 3 ili 4 sata dnevno.
16:12
They are real Olympic champions of mind training.
226
960000
3000
Oni su pravi olimpijski šampioni vežbanja uma.
16:15
(Laughter)
227
963000
3000
(Smeh)
16:18
This is the place where the meditators -- you can see it's kind of inspiring.
228
966000
4000
Ovo je prostor za meditaciju - vidite kako je inspirativno.
16:22
Now, here with 256 electrodes.
229
970000
3000
A ovde isto to - sa 256 elektroda.
16:25
(Laughter)
230
973000
4000
(Smeh)
16:31
So what did they find? Of course, same thing.
231
979000
4000
I, šta su zapazili? Naravno, istu stvar.
16:35
The scientific embargo -- if ever has been to submitted to "Nature,"
232
983000
4000
Naučni embargo - ako ikada bude poslat naučnom žurnalu "Nature",
16:39
hopefully, it will be accepted.
233
987000
3000
nadamo se da će biti prihvaćen.
16:42
It deals with the state of compassion, unconditional compassion.
234
990000
3000
Tiče se stanja samilosti, bezuslovnog saosećanja.
16:45
We asked meditators, who have been doing that for years and years and years,
235
993000
4000
Zamolili smo meditante, koji su se time bavili tokom mnogih godina,
16:49
to put their mind in a state where there's nothing but loving kindness,
236
997000
5000
da dovedu svoj um u stanje gde ne postoji ništa drugo osim ljubavi i dobrote -
16:54
total availability to sentient being.
237
1002000
2000
da se u potpunosti otvore osećajnom biću.
16:56
Of course, during the training, we do that with objects.
238
1004000
2000
Naravno, dok vežbamo mi zamišljamo određene objekte.
16:58
We think of people suffering, we think of people we love,
239
1006000
3000
Mislimo na ljude koji pate, na ljude koje volimo,
17:01
but at some point, it can be a state which is all pervading.
240
1009000
4000
ali nakon nekog vremena, dolazimo do stanja koje je sveprožimajuće.
17:05
Here is the preliminary result, which I can show because it's already been shown.
241
1013000
5000
Ovo je preliminarni rezultati koji mogu pokazati jer je već objavljen.
17:10
The bell curve shows 150 controls, and what is being looked at
242
1018000
7000
Kriva pokazuje 150 kontrola, a ono što se posmatra jeste
17:17
is the difference between the right and the left frontal lobe.
243
1025000
4000
razlika između desnog i levog dela frontalnog režnja.
17:21
In very short, people who have more activity in the right side of the prefrontal cortex
244
1029000
5000
Ukratko, ljudi čija je desna strana čeonog korteksa aktivnija
17:26
are more depressed, withdrawn. They don't describe a lot of positive affect.
245
1034000
6000
jesu depresivniji, povučeniji - oni nemaju puno pozitivnih emocija.
17:33
It's the opposite on the left side: more tendency to altruism,
246
1041000
5000
Na levoj strani je suprotno: više sklonosti ka altruizmu,
17:38
to happiness, to express, and curiosity and so forth.
247
1046000
5000
sreći, izražavanju, radoznalosti i tako dalje.
17:43
So there's a basic line for people. And also, it can be changed.
248
1051000
4000
Dakle, postoji osnovna kriva za sve ljude. I ona se može promeniti.
17:47
If you see a comic movie, you go off to the left side.
249
1055000
2000
Ako pogledate komediju, pomerate se ka levoj strani.
17:49
If you are happy about something, you'll go more to the left side.
250
1057000
3000
Ako ste srećni zbog nečega, još više se pomerate ka levoj strani.
17:52
If you have a bout of depression, you'll go to the right side.
251
1060000
4000
Ako vas uhvati depresija, idete ka desnoj strani.
17:56
Here, the -0.5 is the full standard deviation
252
1064000
6000
Vidite ovde, -0,5 je standardna devijacija
18:02
of a meditator who meditated on compassion.
253
1070000
3000
čoveka koji meditira o saosećanju.
18:05
It's something that is totally out of the bell curve.
254
1073000
4000
Ta vrednost je potpuno van standardne krive moždane aktivnosti.
18:09
So, I've no time to go into all the different scientific results.
255
1077000
4000
Nažalost, nemam vremena da se bavim svim rezultatima naučnih istraživanja.
18:13
Hopefully, they will come.
256
1081000
2000
Nadam se da će ih biti još više.
18:15
But they found that -- this is after three and a half hours in an fMRI,
257
1083000
4000
Ali, to su pronašli - ovo je nakon 3 i po sata funkcionalne magnetne rezonance,
18:19
it's like coming out of a space ship.
258
1087000
3000
kao da ste izašli iz svemirskog broda.
18:24
Also, it has been shown in other labs --
259
1092000
2000
Dakle, i u drugim laboratorijama je pronađeno -
18:26
for instance, Paul Ekman's labs in Berkeley --
260
1094000
4000
kao, na primer, u laboratoriji Pola Ekmana u Berkliju -
18:30
that some meditators are able, also,
261
1098000
2000
da su neki meditanti u stanju da kontrolišu svoju
18:32
to control their emotional response more than it could be thought.
262
1100000
4000
emocionalnu reakciju u većoj meri nego što se to do tada smatralo mogućim.
18:36
Like the startle experiments, for example.
263
1104000
2000
Kao, na primer, u eksperimentima iznenađenja.
18:38
If you sit a guy on a chair with all this kind of apparatus measuring your physiology,
264
1106000
4000
Osoba sedi na stolici sa kompletnom opremom koja meri fiziološke reakcije,
18:42
and there's kind of a bomb that goes off, it's so instinctive response that,
265
1110000
5000
i iznenada eksplodira zamišljena bomba, reakcija ljudi je do te mere instinktivna da,
18:47
in 20 years, they never saw anyone who will not jump.
266
1115000
4000
u poslednjih 20 godina nije postojala osoba koja nije skočila sa stolice.
18:51
Some meditators, without trying to stop it,
267
1119000
3000
Neki meditanti, bez ikakvog nastojanja da zaustave instinktivnu reakciju,
18:54
but simply by being completely open,
268
1122000
3000
već samo time što su bili potpuno otvoreni,
18:57
thinking that that bang is just going to be just a small event like a shooting star,
269
1125000
5000
što su zamišljali da će prasak biti neznatan, kao zvezda padalica,
19:02
they are able not to move at all.
270
1130000
2000
uspevali su da ostanu potpuno mirni.
19:04
So the whole point of that is not, sort of, to make, like,
271
1132000
4000
Poenta ovih eksperimenata nije da se napravi neka vrsta cirkusa
19:08
a circus thing of showing exceptional beings who can jump, or whatever.
272
1136000
7000
u kom prikazujemo neverovatna bića koja čine čudne stvari, ili tako nešto.
19:15
It's more to say that mind training matters. That this is not just a luxury.
273
1143000
6000
Poenta je pokazati da je vežbanje uma bitno. To nije stvar luksuza.
19:21
This is not a supplementary vitamin for the soul.
274
1149000
5000
To nije dopunski vitamin za dušu;
19:26
This is something that's going to determine the quality of every instant of our lives.
275
1154000
6000
to je nešto što će odrediti kvalitet svakog trenutka naših života.
19:32
We are ready to spend 15 years achieving education.
276
1160000
4000
Spremni smo da uložimo 15 godina u obrazovanje.
19:36
We love to do jogging, fitness.
277
1164000
3000
Volimo da trčimo, da se bavimo fitnesom.
19:39
We do all kinds of things to remain beautiful.
278
1167000
4000
Radimo svašta da bismo ostali lepi.
19:43
Yet, we spend surprisingly little time taking care of what matters most --
279
1171000
7000
Ipak, ulažemo iznenađujuće malo vremena negujući ono što je najbitnije:
19:50
the way our mind functions --
280
1178000
3000
način na koji naš um funkcioniše.
19:53
which, again, is the ultimate thing that determines the quality of our experience.
281
1181000
5000
Što je, opet, suštinska odrednica kvaliteta našeg iskustva.
19:58
Now, our compassion is supposed to be put in action.
282
1186000
4000
Trebalo bi aktivirati naše saosećanje.
20:02
That's what we try to do in different places.
283
1190000
3000
To je ono šta mi radimo na različitim mestima.
20:05
Just this one example is worth a lot of work.
284
1193000
4000
Samo ovaj jedan primer je vredan truda.
20:09
This lady with bone TB, left alone in a tent, is going to die with her only daughter.
285
1197000
6000
Ovo je žena smrtno obolela od tuberkuloze kostiju, ostavljena sama u šatoru sa
20:15
One year later, how she is.
286
1203000
3000
svojom jedinom ćerkom. Evo je posle godinu dana.
20:20
Different schools and clinics we've been doing in Tibet.
287
1208000
4000
Radili smo u raznim školama i klinikama na Tibetu.
20:26
And just, I leave you with the beauty of those looks
288
1214000
4000
Ostaviću vas sa lepotom ovih prizora
20:30
that tells more about happiness than I could ever say.
289
1218000
5000
koje govore o sreći mnogo više nego što bih ja ikada mogao.
20:35
And jumping monks of Tibet.
290
1223000
2000
I, skokovi monaha sa Tibeta.
20:37
(Laughter)
291
1225000
2000
(Smeh)
20:39
Flying monks.
292
1227000
2000
Leteći monasi.
20:47
Thank you very much.
293
1235000
2000
Hvala vam najlepše.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matthieu Ricard - Monk, author, photographerSometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer.
Why you should listen
After training in biochemistry at the Institute Pasteur, Matthieu Ricard left science behind to move to the Himalayas and become a Buddhist monk -- and to pursue happiness, both at a basic human level and as a subject of inquiry. Achieving happiness, he has come to believe, requires the same kind of effort and mind training that any other serious pursuit involves.
His deep and scientifically tinged reflections on happiness and Buddhism have turned into several books, including The Quantum and the Lotus: A Journey to the Frontiers Where Science and Buddhism Meet. At the same time, he also makes sensitive and jaw-droppingly gorgeous photographs of his beloved Tibet and the spiritual hermitage where he lives and works on humanitarian projects.
His latest book on happiness is Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill; his latest book of photographs is Tibet: An Inner Journey.
Matthieu Ricard | Speaker | TED.com