TEDxDU 2010
Aaron Huey: America's native prisoners of war
Aron Hjui: Domorodački ratni zarobljenici Amerike
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Arona Hjuia je, u nastojanju da fotografskim aparatom zabilježi siromaštvo u Americi, put naveo do Pajn Ridž rezervata za Indijance. Tu ga je strašna, a neprimjećena borba Lakota plemena za preživljanje, primorala da promijeni fokus. Pet godina poslije, njegove potresne fotografije se isprepliću s lekcijom iz istorije u ovom hrabrom, smionom govoru sa TEDxDU.
Aaron Huey - Photographer
Photographer, adventurer and storyteller Aaron Huey captures all of his subjects -- from war victims to rock climbers to Sufi dervishes -- with elegance and fearless sensitivity. Full bio
Photographer, adventurer and storyteller Aaron Huey captures all of his subjects -- from war victims to rock climbers to Sufi dervishes -- with elegance and fearless sensitivity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm here today to show my photographs of the Lakota.
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Ovdje sam da bih Vam pokazao fotografije plemena Lakota.
00:19
Many of you may have heard of the Lakota,
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Mnogi od Vas su možda čuli za ovo pleme,
00:21
or at least the larger group of tribes
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ili barem za jednu veću grupu plemena
00:23
called the Sioux.
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zvanih Sijuksi.
00:25
The Lakota are one of many tribes that were moved off their land
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Lakota je jedno od mnogih plemena koji su bili prisilno naseljeni
00:28
to prisoner of war camps
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u logore za ratne zarobljenike,
00:30
now called reservations.
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koji se danas nazivaju rezervatima.
00:32
The Pine Ridge Reservation,
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Na rezervatu Pajn Ridž ,
00:34
the subject of today's slide show,
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snimio sam fotografije koje ćete danas vidjeti.
00:36
is located about 75 miles southeast
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Ovaj rezervat se nalazi oko 120 km jugoistočno od
00:38
of the Black Hills in South Dakota.
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planine Blek Hils u Južnoj Dakoti.
00:40
It is sometimes referred to
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Ponekad ga nazivaju
00:42
as Prisoner of War Camp Number 334,
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Logorom za ratne zarobljenike broj 334,
00:45
and it is where the Lakota now live.
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i to je mjesto gdje pleme Lakota danas živi.
00:48
Now, if any of you have ever heard of AIM,
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Ako je iko od Vas ikada čuo za AIM,
00:50
the American Indian Movement,
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Američki Indijanski Pokret,
00:52
or of Russell Means,
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ili za Rasela Minsa,
00:54
or Leonard Peltier,
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ili za Leonarda Peltiera,
00:56
or of the stand-off at Oglala,
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ili za oružani sukob na Oglala rezervatu,
00:58
then you know that Pine Ridge is ground zero
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onda znate i da je rezervat Pajn Ridž epicentar
01:01
for Native issues in the U.S.
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svih problema Američkih Indijanaca.
01:04
So I've been asked to talk a little bit today
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Pozvan sam danas da ispričam nešto
01:06
about my relationship with the Lakota,
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o svojoj vezi sa plemenom Lakota,
01:08
and that's a very difficult one for me.
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za koju mogu reći da je zaista teška.
01:10
Because, if you haven't noticed from my skin color,
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Jer, ukoliko niste sami zaključili na osnovu boje moje kože,
01:12
I'm white,
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ja sam bijelac,
01:14
and that is a huge barrier on a Native reservation.
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a to je ogromna prepreka kad ste u indijanskom rezervatu.
01:19
You'll see a lot of people in my photographs today,
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Na fotografijama ćete vidjeti mnogo ljudi,
01:21
and I've become very close with them, and they've welcomed me like family.
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s kojima sam se ja zbližio i koji su me dočekali kao porodica.
01:24
They've called me "brother" and "uncle"
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Oslovljavali su me sa brate ili striče
01:26
and invited me again and again over five years.
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i uvijek su me iznova pozivali u zadnjih pet godina.
01:28
But on Pine Ridge,
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Ali, na rezervatu Pajn Ridž,
01:30
I will always be what is called "wasichu,"
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ja ću uvijek biti wašichu,
01:33
and "wasichu" is a Lakota word
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a riječ wašichu u jeziku plemena Lakota
01:36
that means "non-Indian,"
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označava nekoga ko nije Indijanac,
01:38
but another version of this word
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ali u svom drugom značenju, ova riječ
01:40
means "the one who takes the best meat for himself."
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znači "onaj koji uzima najbolje meso za sebe."
01:44
And that's what I want to focus on --
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A ja upravo to značenje želim naglasiti -
01:46
the one who takes the best part of the meat.
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onaj koji uzima najbolji dio mesa za sebe.
01:48
It means greedy.
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To znači pohlepan.
01:51
So take a look around this auditorium today.
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Pogledajte auditorij u kojem se nalazimo.
01:53
We are at a private school in the American West,
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Na kampusu smo privatnog univerziteta na zapadu Sjedinjenih Država,
01:56
sitting in red velvet chairs
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sjedimo u crvenim somotnim stolicama
01:59
with money in our pockets.
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s novcem u džepu.
02:01
And if we look at our lives,
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I ako pogledamo kako živimo,
02:03
we have indeed taken
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zaista smo uzeli
02:05
the best part of the meat.
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najbolji dio mesa.
02:07
So let's look today at a set of photographs
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Dakle, pogledajmo sada zbirku fotografija
02:10
of a people who lost
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ljudi koji su izgubili
02:12
so that we could gain,
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da bismo mi mogli imati,
02:14
and know that when you see these people's faces
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i znajte kad vidite ova lica
02:17
that these are not just images of the Lakota;
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da to nisu samo slike Lakota indijanaca,
02:20
they stand for all indigenous people.
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već da su te slike simbol za sve domorodačke narode.
02:25
On this piece of paper
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Na ovom listu papira,
02:27
is the history the way I learned it
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je zapisana istorija koju sam naučio
02:29
from my Lakota friends and family.
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od mojih prijatelja i familije iz plemena.
02:32
The following is a time-line
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Ovo što slijedi je hronologija
02:34
of treaties made, treaties broken
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skopljenih sporazuma, prekršenih sporazuma
02:37
and massacres disguised as battles.
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i masakra predstavljenih kao bitke.
02:39
I'll begin in 1824.
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Počeću s godinom 1824.
02:41
What is known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs
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Ured za indijanske poslove
02:43
was created within the War Department,
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je osnovan unutar Ministarstva za rat,
02:45
setting an early tone of aggression
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iz čega se dala naslutiti agresija
02:47
in our dealings with the Native Americans.
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u našim odnosima prema Američkim starosjediocima.
02:49
1851:
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1851.:
02:51
The first treaty of Fort Laramie was made,
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Sklopljen je prvi Sporazum u Fort Laramiju,
02:53
clearly marking the boundaries of the Lakota Nation.
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čime su jasno označene granice Lakota nacije.
02:56
According to the treaty,
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Prema sporazumu,
02:58
those lands are a sovereign nation.
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to je zemlja suverenog naroda.
03:00
If the boundaries of this treaty had held --
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Da su granice po ovom sporazumu bile poštivane -
03:02
and there is a legal basis that they should --
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što su i trebale biti po zakonskoj osnovi -
03:05
then this is what the U.S. would look like today.
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karta S.A.D. bi danas ovako izgledala.
03:10
10 years later,
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10 godina poslije,
03:12
the Homestead Act, signed by President Lincoln,
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Homsted zakon, kojeg je potpisao predsjednik Linkoln,
03:15
unleashed a flood of white settlers into Native lands.
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izazvao je buijicu doseljenika bijelaca na indijansku zemlju.
03:18
1863:
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1863.:
03:20
An uprising of Santee Sioux in Minnesota
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Ustanak Santi Sijuksa u Minesoti
03:22
ends with the hanging of 38 Sioux men,
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se završava vješanjem 38 Sijuksa muškaraca,
03:25
the largest mass execution in U.S. history.
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što je najveće masovno smaknuće u američkoj istoriji.
03:29
The execution was ordered by President Lincoln
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Pogubljenje je naredio Predsjednik Linkoln
03:31
only two days after
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samo dva dana nakon
03:33
he signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
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što je potpisao Proglas o oslobođenju robova.
03:37
1866: the beginning of the transcontinental railroad --
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1866, začeci transkontinentalne željeznice -
03:40
a new era.
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jedno novo doba.
03:42
We appropriated land for trails and trains
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Prisvojili smo zemlju da bi putevi i vozovi
03:44
to shortcut through the heart of the Lakota Nation.
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presjekli zemlju Lakota tačno kroz njeno srce .
03:47
The treaties were out the window.
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Sporazuma kao da nije ni bilo.
03:49
In response, three tribes led by the Lakota chief Red Cloud
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Zauzvrat, tri plemena pod vođstvom Lakota poglavice Crvenog Oblaka
03:52
attacked and defeated the U.S. army many times over.
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višestruko su napadali i poražavali američku vojsku.
03:55
I want to repeat that part.
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Želim da ponovim taj dio.
03:57
The Lakota defeat the U.S. army.
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Lakote su porazili američku vojsku.
04:00
1868: The second Fort Laramie Treaty
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1868.: Drugi sporazum u Fort Laramiju
04:03
clearly guarantees the sovereignty of the Great Sioux Nation
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jasno jamči suverenitet Velike Sijuks nacije
04:06
and the Lakotas' ownership of the sacred Black Hills.
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i Lakotino vlasništvo svete Blek Hils planine.
04:09
The government also promises land and hunting rights
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Vlada takođe obećava pravo na zemlju i lov
04:11
in the surrounding states.
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u susjednim državama.
04:13
We promise that the Powder River country
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"Obećajemo da okrugu Pauder River
04:15
will henceforth be closed to all whites.
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od sada pa nadalje bijelci neće imati pristup."
04:18
The treaty seemed to be a complete victory
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Sporazum se činio kao potpuna pobjeda
04:20
for Red Cloud and the Sioux.
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Crnog Oblaka i Sijuksa.
04:22
In fact, this is the only war in American history
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Zapravo je ovo jedini rat u američkoj istoriji,
04:25
in which the government negotiated a peace
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u kojem je vlada potpisala mirovni sporazum
04:28
by conceding everything demanded by the enemy.
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pristajući na sve zahtjeve neprijatelja.
04:33
1869:
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1869.:
04:35
The transcontinental railroad was completed.
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Završena je transkontinentalna željeznica.
04:37
It began carrying, among other things, a large number of hunters
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Počela je prevoziti, između ostalog, mnoštva lovaca
04:40
who began the wholesale killing of buffalo,
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koji su otpočeli masovno ubijanje bizona,
04:43
eliminating a source of food and clothing and shelter for the Sioux.
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eliminarajući tako izvor hrane, odjeće i skrovišta za Sijukse.
04:46
1871:
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1871.:
04:48
The Indian Appropriation Act
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Zakonom o prisvajanju Indijanaca
04:50
makes all Indians wards of the federal government.
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svi Indijanci postaju štićenici federalne vlade.
04:53
In addition, the military issued orders
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Pored toga, vojska je izdala naredbe
04:56
forbidding western Indians from leaving reservations.
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braneći Indijancima na zapadu da napuste rezervate.
04:59
All western Indians at that point in time
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Svi Indijanci na zapadu su u tom momentu
05:01
were now prisoners of war.
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postali ratni zarobljenici.
05:03
Also in 1871,
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Takođe 1871.,
05:05
we ended the time of treaty-making.
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okončali smo period sklapanja sporazuma.
05:07
The problem with treaties is they allow tribes to exist as sovereign nations,
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Problem sa sporazumima je taj što dozvoljavaju plemenima da budu suverene nacije,
05:10
and we can't have that.
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ali mi se s tim nismo mogli složiti;
05:12
We had plans.
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mi smo imali planove.
05:14
1874:
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1874.:
05:16
General George Custer announced the discovery of gold in Lakota territory,
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General Džordž Kaster je proglasio pronalazak zlata na Lakota teritoriji,
05:19
specifically the Black Hills.
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naročito u planini Blek Hils.
05:21
The news of gold creates a massive influx of white settlers
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Vijest o zlatu privukla je velike mase doseljenika bijelaca
05:23
into Lakota Nation.
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na zemlje Lakota nacije.
05:25
Custer recommends that Congress find a way
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Kaster predlaže da Kongres pronađe način
05:27
to end the treaties with the Lakota
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kako da ospori sporazume sa Lakotama
05:29
as soon as possible.
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što je prije moguće.
05:31
1875: The Lakota war begins
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1875: Počeo je rat s Lakotama zbog
05:34
over the violation of the Fort Laramie Treaty.
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kršenja Sporazuma iz Fort Laramija.
05:37
1876:
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1876.:
05:39
On July 26th
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26-og jula,
05:41
on its way to attack a Lakota village,
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u pokušaju napada na Lakota selo,
05:43
Custer's 7th Cavalry was crushed
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Kasterova Sedma konjanica je pobijeđena
05:45
at the battle of Little Big Horn.
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u bici kod Litl Big Horna.
05:47
1877:
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1877.:
05:49
The great Lakota warrior and chief named Crazy Horse
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Veliki Lakota ratnik i poglavica, Ludi Konj
05:52
surrendered at Fort Robinson.
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predao se u utvrđenju Fort Robinson.
05:54
He was later killed while in custody.
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Poslije je ubijen za vrijeme boravka u pritvoru.
06:00
1877 is also the year we found a way
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1877. godine smo još i uspjeli pronaći način
06:03
to get around the Fort Laramie Treaties.
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kako zaobići sporazume iz Fort Laramija.
06:05
A new agreement was presented to Sioux chiefs and their leading men
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Novi sporazum je predstavljen poglavicama i vođama Sijuksa
06:08
under a campaign known as "sell or starve:"
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pod parolom koja glasi "prodaj ili gladuj".
06:11
Sign the paper, or no food for your tribe.
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Potpiši papir, inače nema hrane za tvoje pleme.
06:14
Only 10 percent of the adult male population signed.
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Samo 10 posto odraslih muškaraca su potpisali.
06:17
The Fort Laramie Treaty
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No sporazum iz Fort Laramija
06:19
called for at least three-quarters of the tribe
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je zahtijevao da najmanje tročetvrtinski dio plemena
06:21
to sign away land.
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potpiše prodaju zemlje.
06:23
That clause was obviously ignored.
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No, ova stavka se očigledno ignorisala.
06:25
1887: The Dawes Act.
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1887.: Zakon Doz.
06:28
Communal ownership of reservation lands ends.
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Okončano je zajedničko vlasništvo nad zemljom u rezervatima.
06:31
Reservations are cut up into 160-acre sections
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Rezervati su isparčani u parcele od 0,65 km²
06:34
and distributed to individual Indians
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i podijeljeni pojedincima,
06:36
with the surplus disposed of.
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dok je višak prodan.
06:38
Tribes lost millions of acres.
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Plemena su izgubila hiljade kvadratnih kilometara zemlje.
06:41
The American dream of individual land ownership
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Američki san o vlasništvu zemlje
06:43
turned out to be a very clever way
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se ispostavio kao mudar način
06:45
to divide the reservation until nothing was left.
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kako izdijeliti rezervat dok on jednostavno ne nestane.
06:48
The move destroyed the reservations,
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Ovaj potez je uništio rezervate,
06:50
making it easier to further subdivide and to sell
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olakšavajući daljnju podjelu i prodaju
06:53
with every passing generation.
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sa svakom dolazećom generacijom.
06:56
Most of the surplus land
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Veći dio suvišnog zemljišta,
06:58
and many of the plots within reservation boundaries
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kao i znatan broj parcela unutar rezervata,
07:00
are now in the hands of white ranchers.
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su sad u vlasništvu zemljoradnika bijelaca.
07:03
Once again, the fat of the land goes to wasichu.
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I opet, masni dio zemlje dobiva wašichu.
07:07
1890, a date I believe to be
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1890, datum za koji smatram da je
07:09
the most important in this slide show.
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najvažniji u ovom nizu.
07:12
This is the year of the Wounded Knee Massacre.
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Ovo je godina masakra kod Ranjenog Koljena.
07:14
On December 29th,
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29-og decembra,
07:16
U.S. troops surrounded a Sioux encampment at Wounded Knee Creek
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američke trupe su opkolile logor Sijuksa kod potoka Ranjeno Koljeno
07:19
and massacred Chief Big Foot
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i pobili poglavicu Veliko Stopalo
07:21
and 300 prisoners of war,
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i tri stotine ratnih zarobljenika,
07:23
using a new rapid-fire weapon
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koristeći novo rafalno oružje
07:25
that fired exploding shells
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koje je ispaljivalo eksplodirajuće čahure.
07:27
called a Hotchkiss gun.
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To se oružje zove top Hočkis.
07:29
For this so-called "battle,"
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Za ovu takozvanu bitku,
07:31
20 Congressional Medals of Honor for Valor
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Kongres je sa 20 Medalja časti odlikovao
07:34
were given to the 7th Cavalry.
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Sedmu konjanicu za njihovu hrabrost.
07:37
To this day,
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Do današnjeg dana,
07:39
this is the most Medals of Honor
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ovo je najveći broj Medalja časti
07:42
ever awarded for a single battle.
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ikad dodijeljenih za jednu jedinu bitku.
07:45
More Medals of Honor were given
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Vojnici su sa više Medalja časti odlikovani
07:47
for the indiscriminate slaughter of women and children
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za jedan krvavi pokolj nad ženama i djecom
07:49
than for any battle in World War One,
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nego za bilo koju bitku u Prvom svjetskom ratu,
07:51
World War Two,
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Drugom svjetskom ratu,
07:53
Korea, Vietnam,
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Koreji, Vijetnamu,
07:55
Iraq or Afghanistan.
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Iraku ili Avganistanu.
07:59
The Wounded Knee massacre
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Masakr kod Ranjenog Koljena
08:01
is considered the end of the Indian wars.
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se smatra krajem Indijanskih ratova.
08:04
Whenever I visit the site
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Kad god posjetim mjesto
08:06
of the mass grave at Wounded Knee,
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masovne grobnice kod Ranjenog Koljena,
08:08
I see it not just as a grave
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ne vidim ga samo kao grob
08:10
for the Lakota or for the Sioux,
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Lakota ili Sijuksa,
08:12
but as a grave for all indigenous peoples.
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nego kao grob svih domorodačkih naroda.
08:18
The holy man, Black Elk, said,
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Sveti čovjek, Hehaka Sapa, Crni los, je rekao,
08:20
"I did not know then
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"Tada nisam znao
08:22
how much was ended.
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čemu je sve došao kraj.
08:24
When I look back now
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Kada sad pogledam unazad
08:26
from this high hill of my old age,
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s ovog visokog brda svoje starosti,
08:28
I can still see the butchered women and children
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još uvijek vidim iskasapljene žene i djecu,
08:30
lying heaped and scattered
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i njihova tijela na gomili, ili pak razbacana
08:32
all along the crooked gulch
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duž zavojitog korita.
08:38
as plain as when I saw them
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Vidim ih jasno kao onomad
08:40
with eyes still young.
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kad mi oči bijahu mlade.
08:46
And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud
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I vidim da je još nešto umrlo u tom zakrvavljenom blatu
08:50
and was buried in the blizzard:
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i bilo sahranjeno pod sniježnom olujom.
08:54
A people's dream died there,
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Umro je san jednog naroda,
08:57
and it was a beautiful dream."
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a bio je to lijep san."
09:01
With this event,
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S ovim događajem,
09:03
a new era in Native American history began.
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nova era u istoriji Američkih starosjedilaca je započela.
09:07
Everything can be measured
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Sve se dijeli na period
09:09
before Wounded Knee and after.
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prije Ranjenog Koljena i poslije.
09:12
Because it was in this moment
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Jer, tog je trenutka,
09:14
with the fingers on the triggers of the Hotchkiss guns
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s prstom na okidaču Hočkins topova,
09:17
that the U.S. government openly declared its position on Native rights.
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Američka vlada otvoreno iznijela svoj stav o pravima starosjedilaca.
09:21
They were tired of treaties.
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Bilo im je dosta sporazuma.
09:23
They were tired of sacred hills.
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Bilo im je dosta svetih planina.
09:25
They were tired of ghost dances.
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Bilo im je dosta plesa duhova.
09:28
And they were tired of all the inconveniences of the Sioux.
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I bilo im je dosta svih nevolja sa Sijuksima.
09:31
So they brought out their cannons.
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Tako da su iznijeli topove.
09:35
"You want to be an Indian now?" they said,
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"Hoćeš li sad da budeš Indijanac?", pitali su
09:38
finger on the trigger.
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držeći prst na okidaču.
09:45
1900:
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1900.:
09:47
the U.S. Indian population reached its low point --
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Broj američkih Indijanaca je najniži u istoriji -
09:51
less than 250,000,
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ima ih manje od 250.000.
09:53
compared to an estimated eight million
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A smatra se, da je taj broj iznosio osam miliona
09:55
in 1492.
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1492. godine.
09:59
Fast-forward.
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Prelazim na godinu
10:01
1980:
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1980.:
10:03
The longest running court case in U.S. history,
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Najduži sudski proces u američkoj istoriji,
10:05
the Sioux Nation v. the United States,
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Sijuks Nacija protiv Sjedinjenih Američkih Država,
10:08
was ruled upon by the U.S. Supreme Court.
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se vodi na Ustavnom Sudu Sjedinjenih Američkih Država.
10:12
The court determined that, when the Sioux were resettled onto reservations
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Sud je zaključio da je prisilno naseljavanje Sijuksa u rezervate,
10:15
and seven million acres of their land
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i tim naseljavanjem bijelcima doseljenicima
10:18
were opened up to prospectors and homesteaders,
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i tragačima za zlatom omogućeni pristup
10:21
the terms of the second Fort Laramie Treaty
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indijanskoj zemlji s površinom od 28 328 km²,
10:23
had been violated.
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kršenje odredaba Drugog sporazuma iz Fort Laramija.
10:25
The court stated
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Sud je odlučio
10:27
that the Black Hills were illegally taken
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da je planina Blek Hils protuzakonito oduzeta
10:29
and that the initial offering price plus interest
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i da prva ponuđena cijena sa kamatom
10:31
should be paid to the Sioux Nation.
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mora biti plaćena Sijuks Naciji.
10:33
As payment for the Black Hills,
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Kao naknadu za Blek Hils,
10:35
the court awarded only 106 million dollars
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sud je odredio samo 106 miliona dolara
10:38
to the Sioux Nation.
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za Sijuks Naciju.
10:40
The Sioux refused the money with the rallying cry,
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Sijuksi su odbili novac uz ujedinjeni poklič:
10:43
"The Black Hills are not for sale."
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"Blek Hils nije na prodaju."
10:46
2010:
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2010.:
10:48
Statistics about Native population today,
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Statistike o domorodačkoj populaciji
10:51
more than a century after the massacre at Wounded Knee,
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danas, više od jednog vijeka nakon masakra kod Ranjenog Koljena,
10:54
reveal the legacy of colonization,
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otkrivaju posljedice kolonizacije,
10:56
forced migration
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prinuđene migracije
10:58
and treaty violations.
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i kršenja sporazuma.
11:00
Unemployment on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
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Nezaposlenost na Pajn Ridž rezervatu
11:03
fluctuates between 85 and 90 percent.
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oscilira između 85 i 90 posto.
11:06
The housing office is unable to build new structures,
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Služba za stanovanje nije u mogućnosti da izgradi nove stambene objekte,
11:09
and existing structures are falling apart.
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a postojeći objekti su u stanju raspadanja.
11:11
Many are homeless,
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Mnogi nemaju krov nad glavom, a oni
11:13
and those with homes are packed into rotting buildings
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koji ga imaju, dijele već istrule kuće s gomilom ljudi,
11:15
with up to five families.
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ponekad čak i sa pet drugih porodica.
11:17
39 percent of homes on Pine Ridge
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39 posto kuća u Pajn Ridžu
11:19
have no electricity.
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nema struju.
11:21
At least 60 percent of the homes on the reservation
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U najmanje 60 posto kuća
11:24
are infested with black mold.
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proširila se crna plijesan.
11:26
More than 90 percent of the population
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Više od 90 posto stanovnika
11:28
lives below the federal poverty line.
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živi ispod državne granice siromaštva.
11:31
The tuberculosis rate on Pine Ridge
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Stopa oboljelih od tuberkuloze je na Pajn Ridžu
11:34
is approximately eight times higher than the U.S. national average.
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otprilike osam puta viša od državnog prosjeka u S.A.D.-u.
11:37
The infant mortality rate
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Smrtnost djece
11:39
is the highest on this continent
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je najviša na ovom kontinetu
11:41
and is about three times higher than the U.S. national average.
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i otprilike tri puta viša od državnog prosjeka.
11:44
Cervical cancer is five times higher
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Rak maternice je pet puta češći
11:46
than the U.S. national average.
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od državnog prosjeka.
11:48
School dropout rate is up to 70 percent.
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70 posto mladih napuste školu bez ikakve diplome.
11:51
Teacher turnover
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Učitelji i nastavnici se mijenjaju
11:53
is eight times higher than the U.S. national average.
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čak osam puta češće nego u ostatku zemlje.
11:56
Frequently, grandparents are raising their grandchildren
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Bake i djedovi često odgajaju svoju unučad,
11:59
because parents, due to alcoholism,
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jer roditelji, zbog ovisnosti o alkoholizmu,
12:02
domestic violence and general apathy,
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obiteljskog nasilja i opšte apatije,
12:04
cannot raise them.
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sami nisu u stanju voditi brigu o njima.
12:07
50 percent of the population over the age of 40
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50 posto stanovnika starijih od 40 godina
12:10
suffers from diabetes.
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boluje od dijabetesa.
12:12
The life expectancy for men
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Prosječna životna dob za muškarce
12:14
is between 46
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iznosi između 46
12:16
and 48 years old --
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i 48 godina -
12:19
roughly the same
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što je otprilike ista brojka kao
12:21
as in Afghanistan and Somalia.
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u Avganistanu i Somaliji.
12:25
The last chapter in any successful genocide
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Posljednje poglavlje svakog uspjelog genocida
12:28
is the one in which the oppressor
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je ono u kojem se ugnjetač,
12:30
can remove their hands and say,
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može udaljiti i reći:
12:33
"My God, what are these people doing to themselves?
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"Gospode, šta čine ovi ljudi jedni drugima?
12:36
They're killing each other.
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Ubijaju jedni druge.
12:38
They're killing themselves
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Ubijaju sami sebe,
12:40
while we watch them die."
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dok mi posmatramo kako umiru."
12:43
This is how we came to own these United States.
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Na taj način smo postali gospodari Sjedinjenih Država.
12:46
This is the legacy
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Ovo je naslijeđe
12:48
of manifest destiny.
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američke doktrine osvajanja kontinenta.
12:50
Prisoners are still born
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Zatvorenici se i danas rađaju
12:52
into prisoner-of-war camps
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u logorima za ratne zarobljenike
12:54
long after the guards are gone.
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godinama nakon što su čuvari otišli.
12:59
These are the bones left
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Ovo su kosti koje ostanu
13:01
after the best meat has been taken.
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nakon što se uzme najbolje meso.
13:06
A long time ago,
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Nekad davno
13:08
a series of events was set in motion
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desile su se stvari, koje su pokrenuli
13:10
by a people who look like me, by wasichu,
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ljudi koji izgledaju kao ja, wašichu
13:13
eager to take the land and the water
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željni da otmu zemlju i vodu
13:15
and the gold in the hills.
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i zlato u brdima.
13:18
Those events led to a domino effect
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Takva djela imaju posljedice
13:20
that has yet to end.
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koje se još uvijek osjete.
13:22
As removed as we the dominant society may feel
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Ma koliko se udaljeno od dominirajućeg društva
13:27
from a massacre in 1890,
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činio masakr iz 1890,
13:30
or a series of broken treaties 150 years ago,
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ili niz sporazuma prekršenih prije 150 godina,
13:34
I still have to ask you the question,
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moram Vam postaviti pitanje,
13:36
how should you feel about the statistics of today?
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kako se osjećate nakon što znate današnju statistiku?
13:40
What is the connection
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Koja veza postoji između
13:42
between these images of suffering
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ovih slika patnje
13:44
and the history that I just read to you?
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i podataka iz istorije koje sam pročitao?
13:46
And how much of this history
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I koji dio ove istorije
13:48
do you need to own, even?
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je Vaša istorija?
13:50
Is any of this your responsibility today?
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Da li je nešto od ovoga i Vaša odgovornost?
13:54
I have been told that there must be something we can do.
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Rečeno mi je da i mi na neki način možemo pomoći.
13:57
There must be some call to action.
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Mi moramo djelovati.
14:00
Because for so long I've been standing on the sidelines
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Jer ja sam dovoljno dugo stajao sa strane
14:03
content to be a witness,
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zadovoljan tek time što sam svjedok,
14:05
just taking photographs.
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koji samo fotografiše.
14:08
Because the solution seems so far in the past,
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Zato što se čini da se rješenje nalazi u prošlosti,
14:11
I needed nothing short of a time machine
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trebao mi je ništa manje nego vremeplov
14:13
to access them.
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da bih mogao doći do tih rješenja.
14:15
The suffering of indigenous peoples
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Patnja indigenih naroda
14:17
is not a simple issue to fix.
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nije lako rješiv problem.
14:21
It's not something everyone can get behind
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To nije nešto u čemu svi mogu učestvovati
14:23
the way they get behind helping Haiti,
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kao što su učestvovali u pomoći Haitiju,
14:25
or ending AIDS, or fighting a famine.
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ili borbi protiv SIDE, ili borbi protiv gladi.
14:28
The "fix," as it's called,
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Popravka situacije, kako se naziva,
14:30
may be much more difficult for the dominant society
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je mnogo komplikovanija za dominantno društvo
14:33
than, say, a $50 check
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od, recimo, uplaćivanja čeka na iznos od 50 dolara
14:35
or a church trip
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ili izleta organizovanog od strane crkve
14:37
to paint some graffiti-covered houses,
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s ciljem krečenja kuća ispisanih grafitima,
14:39
or a suburban family
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ili poklanjanja odjeće koju obitelj
14:41
donating a box of clothes they don't even want anymore.
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iz predgrađa više ne nosi.
14:44
So where does that leave us?
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Šta je dakle preostalo?
14:46
Shrugging our shoulders in the dark?
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Slegnuti ramenima?
14:49
The United States
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Sjedinjene Države
14:51
continues on a daily basis
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nastavljaju da dnevno
14:53
to violate the terms
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krše uslove sporazuma
14:55
of the 1851 and 1868
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koje su 1851. i 1868. godine
14:57
Fort Laramie Treaties with the Lakota.
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potpisali sa Lakotama u Fort Laramiju.
15:00
The call to action I offer today --
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Poziv na akciju, koji ja danas predlažem -
15:02
my TED wish -- is this:
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moja TED želja - je slijedeće:
15:06
Honor the treaties.
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Poštujte sporazume.
15:08
Give back the Black Hills.
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Vratite Blek Hils.
15:10
It's not your business what they do with them.
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Ne tiče Vas se šta Indijanci tamo rade.
15:15
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aaron Huey - PhotographerPhotographer, adventurer and storyteller Aaron Huey captures all of his subjects -- from war victims to rock climbers to Sufi dervishes -- with elegance and fearless sensitivity.
Why you should listen
Aaron Huey is a masthead photographer for National Geographic Adventure and National Geographic Traveler magazines. His stories from Afghanistan, Haiti, Mali, Siberia, Yemen and French Polynesia (to name just a few) on subjects as diverse as the Afghan drug war and the underwater photography of sharks, can be found in The New Yorker, National Geographic and The New York Times.
Huey serves on the board of directors for the nonprofit Blue Earth Alliance. In 2002, he walked 3,349 miles across America with his dog Cosmo (the journey lasted 154 days), and was recently awarded a National Geographic Expedition Council Grant to hitchhike across Siberia.
Aaron Huey | Speaker | TED.com