TEDxDU 2010
Aaron Huey: America's native prisoners of war
Aaron Huey: Amerški staroselci, vojni ujetniki
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Trud Aaron Hueya , da bi fotografiral revščino v Ameriki, ga je vodila v indijanski rezervat Pine Ridge, kjer so ga težave staroslcev, plemena Lakota-- šokantne in večinoma prezrte-- spodbudile k novemu cilju. Pet let dela kasneje, se njegove pretresljive fotografije prepletejo s šokantno lekcijo o zgodovini v tem drznem, pogumnem govoru iz TEDxDU.
Aaron Huey - Photographer
Photographer, adventurer and storyteller Aaron Huey captures all of his subjects -- from war victims to rock climbers to Sufi dervishes -- with elegance and fearless sensitivity. Full bio
Photographer, adventurer and storyteller Aaron Huey captures all of his subjects -- from war victims to rock climbers to Sufi dervishes -- with elegance and fearless sensitivity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm here today to show my photographs of the Lakota.
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Danes sem tu, da vam pokažem
fotografije plemena Lakota.
fotografije plemena Lakota.
00:19
Many of you may have heard of the Lakota,
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Morda ste že slišali za Lakoto,
00:21
or at least the larger group of tribes
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ali vsaj za večjo skupino plemen,
00:23
called the Sioux.
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imenovano Sioux.
00:25
The Lakota are one of many tribes that were moved off their land
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Lakota so eno izmed mnogih plemen,
pregnanih z njihove zemlje
pregnanih z njihove zemlje
00:28
to prisoner of war camps
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kot zaporniki v vojna taborišča,
00:30
now called reservations.
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zdaj imenovana rezervati.
00:32
The Pine Ridge Reservation,
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Rezervat Pine Ridge,
00:34
the subject of today's slide show,
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tema današnje predstavitve,
00:36
is located about 75 miles southeast
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stoji približno 120 kilometrov jugovzhodno
00:38
of the Black Hills in South Dakota.
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od Črnih hribov v Južni Dakoti.
00:40
It is sometimes referred to
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Včasih mu pravijo tudi
00:42
as Prisoner of War Camp Number 334,
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Taborišče vojnih ujetnikov številka 334,
00:45
and it is where the Lakota now live.
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in tu sedaj živijo Lakota.
00:48
Now, if any of you have ever heard of AIM,
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Če je kdo od vas že slišal za AIM
00:50
the American Indian Movement,
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gibanje ameriških Indijancev,
00:52
or of Russell Means,
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ali za Russell Meansa,
00:54
or Leonard Peltier,
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ali za Leonard Peltier-ja,
00:56
or of the stand-off at Oglala,
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ali za obračun pri Oglali,
00:58
then you know that Pine Ridge is ground zero
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potem veste, da je Pine Ridge točka nič
01:01
for Native issues in the U.S.
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za probleme staroslecev ZDA.
01:04
So I've been asked to talk a little bit today
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Prosili so me, naj danes nekaj povem
01:06
about my relationship with the Lakota,
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o mojem odnosu z Lakoto,
01:08
and that's a very difficult one for me.
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in to je zame zelo težko.
01:10
Because, if you haven't noticed from my skin color,
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Ker, če niste opazili barve moje kože,
01:12
I'm white,
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bel sem,
01:14
and that is a huge barrier on a Native reservation.
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in to je velika ovira v rezervatih.
01:19
You'll see a lot of people in my photographs today,
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Videli boste veliko ljudi na fotografijah,
01:21
and I've become very close with them, and they've welcomed me like family.
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z njimi smo se zelo zbližali,
sprejeli so me kot del družine.
sprejeli so me kot del družine.
01:24
They've called me "brother" and "uncle"
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Kličejo me "brat" in "stric"
01:26
and invited me again and again over five years.
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in v petih letih so me povabili
znova in znova.
znova in znova.
01:28
But on Pine Ridge,
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Ampak na Pine Ridge-u,
01:30
I will always be what is called "wasichu,"
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bom vedno to, čemur pravijo "wasichu,"
01:33
and "wasichu" is a Lakota word
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in "wasichu" je beseda Lakote
01:36
that means "non-Indian,"
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ki pomeni "ne-Indijanec,"
01:38
but another version of this word
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ampak druga verzija te besede
01:40
means "the one who takes the best meat for himself."
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pomeni "tisti, ki zase vzame
najboljše meso."
najboljše meso."
01:44
And that's what I want to focus on --
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In na to bi se rad osredotočil--
01:46
the one who takes the best part of the meat.
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tisti, ki vzame najboljši del mesa.
01:48
It means greedy.
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Pomeni pohlepen.
01:51
So take a look around this auditorium today.
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Poglejte po avditoriju.
01:53
We are at a private school in the American West,
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Smo na privatni šoli ameriškega zahoda,
01:56
sitting in red velvet chairs
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sedimo na žametnih rdečih stolih,
01:59
with money in our pockets.
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z denarjem v žepu.
02:01
And if we look at our lives,
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In če pogledamo naša življenja,
02:03
we have indeed taken
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smo zares vzeli
02:05
the best part of the meat.
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najboljši del mesa.
02:07
So let's look today at a set of photographs
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Poglejmo si zbirko fotografij
02:10
of a people who lost
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ljudi, ki so izgubili,
02:12
so that we could gain,
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da smo mi lahko pridobili,
02:14
and know that when you see these people's faces
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in vedite, da ko vidite obraze teh ljudi,
02:17
that these are not just images of the Lakota;
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da to niso samo slike Lakote;
02:20
they stand for all indigenous people.
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predstavljajo vse staroselce.
02:25
On this piece of paper
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Na tem papirju
02:27
is the history the way I learned it
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je zgodovina, kot sem se je naučil
02:29
from my Lakota friends and family.
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od mojih Lakota prijateljev in družine.
02:32
The following is a time-line
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To je časovnica
02:34
of treaties made, treaties broken
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sklenjenih sporazumov,
prekršenih sporazumov
prekršenih sporazumov
02:37
and massacres disguised as battles.
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in masakrov, zamaskiranih v boje.
02:39
I'll begin in 1824.
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Začel bom v letu 1824.
Kar je znano kot
Urad za indijanske zadeve,
Urad za indijanske zadeve,
02:41
What is known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs
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02:43
was created within the War Department,
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je bilo ustanovljeno znotraj
Vojnega oddelka,
Vojnega oddelka,
02:45
setting an early tone of aggression
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in s tem zastavilo zgodnji agresivni ton
02:47
in our dealings with the Native Americans.
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naših ravnanj z ameriškimi staroselci.
02:49
1851:
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1851:
02:51
The first treaty of Fort Laramie was made,
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Sklenjen je prvi sporazum
pri Fort Laramie,
pri Fort Laramie,
02:53
clearly marking the boundaries of the Lakota Nation.
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ki jasno označuje meje naroda Lakota.
02:56
According to the treaty,
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Glede na sporazum,
02:58
those lands are a sovereign nation.
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je bila to samostojna država.
03:00
If the boundaries of this treaty had held --
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Če bi se držali mej v tem sporazumu--
03:02
and there is a legal basis that they should --
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in obstaja pravna podlaga,
zaradi katere bi se morali--
zaradi katere bi se morali--
03:05
then this is what the U.S. would look like today.
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bi ZDA danes izgledala takole.
03:10
10 years later,
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10 let kasneje
03:12
the Homestead Act, signed by President Lincoln,
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je Zakon o dodelitvi zemlje,
ki ga podpisal predsednik Lincoln,
ki ga podpisal predsednik Lincoln,
03:15
unleashed a flood of white settlers into Native lands.
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sprostil poplavo belih priseljencev
v dežele staroselcev.
v dežele staroselcev.
03:18
1863:
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1863:
03:20
An uprising of Santee Sioux in Minnesota
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Vstaja Santee Siouxov v Minnesoti
03:22
ends with the hanging of 38 Sioux men,
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se konča z obešenjem 38 moških
plemena Sioux,
plemena Sioux,
03:25
the largest mass execution in U.S. history.
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največja množična usmrtitev
v zgodovini ZDA.
v zgodovini ZDA.
03:29
The execution was ordered by President Lincoln
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Usmrtitev je naročil predsednik Lincoln
03:31
only two days after
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samo dva dni po tem,
03:33
he signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
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ko je podpisal
Proklamacijo o emancipaciji.
Proklamacijo o emancipaciji.
03:37
1866: the beginning of the transcontinental railroad --
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1866: začetek gradnje
transkontinentalne železnice --
transkontinentalne železnice --
03:40
a new era.
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novo obdobje.
03:42
We appropriated land for trails and trains
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Zemljo smo prilagodili potem in tirom,
03:44
to shortcut through the heart of the Lakota Nation.
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po bližnjici skozi srce ozemlja Lakote.
03:47
The treaties were out the window.
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Za sporazume nam ni bilo več mar.
03:49
In response, three tribes led by the Lakota chief Red Cloud
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Zato so tri plemena,
ki jih je vodil poglavar Rdeči oblak,
ki jih je vodil poglavar Rdeči oblak,
03:52
attacked and defeated the U.S. army many times over.
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napadla in mnogokrat premagala
vojsko ZDA.
vojsko ZDA.
03:55
I want to repeat that part.
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Naj ponovim.
03:57
The Lakota defeat the U.S. army.
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Lakota so premagali vojsko ZDA.
04:00
1868: The second Fort Laramie Treaty
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1868: drugi sporazum pri Fort Laramie
04:03
clearly guarantees the sovereignty of the Great Sioux Nation
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jasno zagotavlja samostojnost
velikega Sioux naroda
velikega Sioux naroda
04:06
and the Lakotas' ownership of the sacred Black Hills.
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in lastništvo Lakote
nad svetimi Črnimi hribi.
nad svetimi Črnimi hribi.
04:09
The government also promises land and hunting rights
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Vlada obljublja zemljo in pravico do lova
04:11
in the surrounding states.
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v sosednjih državah
04:13
We promise that the Powder River country
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Obljubimo, da bo dežela Powder River
04:15
will henceforth be closed to all whites.
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od sedaj naprej zaprta za vse belce.
04:18
The treaty seemed to be a complete victory
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Sporazum se je zdel kot popolna zmaga
04:20
for Red Cloud and the Sioux.
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za Rdeči oblak in pleme Sioux.
04:22
In fact, this is the only war in American history
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Pravzaprav, je to edina vojna
v ameriški zgodovini,
v ameriški zgodovini,
04:25
in which the government negotiated a peace
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kjer je vlada izpogajala mir
04:28
by conceding everything demanded by the enemy.
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s priznanjem vseh sovražnikovih zahtev.
04:33
1869:
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1869:
04:35
The transcontinental railroad was completed.
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Dokončali so transkontinentalno železnico.
04:37
It began carrying, among other things, a large number of hunters
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Prinesla je, med drugim,
veliko število lovcev,
veliko število lovcev,
04:40
who began the wholesale killing of buffalo,
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ki so pričeli s pobijanjem bizonov
za veleprodajo,
za veleprodajo,
04:43
eliminating a source of food and clothing and shelter for the Sioux.
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in s tem uničili vir hrane, obleke
in zavetja za Siouxe.
in zavetja za Siouxe.
04:46
1871:
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1871:
04:48
The Indian Appropriation Act
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Zakon o Indijanski prilastitvi
04:50
makes all Indians wards of the federal government.
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naredi vse Indijance varovance vlade.
04:53
In addition, the military issued orders
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Dodatno je vojska izdala ukaze
04:56
forbidding western Indians from leaving reservations.
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prepovedi zapuščanja rezervatov
za zahodne Indijance.
za zahodne Indijance.
04:59
All western Indians at that point in time
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Vsi zahodni indijanci v tem času
05:01
were now prisoners of war.
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so bili zdaj vojni ujetniki.
05:03
Also in 1871,
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Prav tako leta 1871:
05:05
we ended the time of treaty-making.
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končal se je čas sklepanja sporazumov.
05:07
The problem with treaties is they allow tribes to exist as sovereign nations,
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Problem sporazumov je, da dovoljujejo
plemenom obstoj kot samostojni narod,
plemenom obstoj kot samostojni narod,
05:10
and we can't have that.
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tega pa ne moremo imeti.
05:12
We had plans.
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Imeli smo načrte.
05:14
1874:
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1874:
05:16
General George Custer announced the discovery of gold in Lakota territory,
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General George Custer je oznanil
odkritje zlata na območju Lakote,
odkritje zlata na območju Lakote,
05:19
specifically the Black Hills.
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bolj natančno v Črnih hribih.
05:21
The news of gold creates a massive influx of white settlers
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Te novice so prinesle
priliv belih priseljencev
priliv belih priseljencev
05:23
into Lakota Nation.
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na ozemlje Lakote.
Custer je predlagal kongresu,
naj najde način,
naj najde način,
05:25
Custer recommends that Congress find a way
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05:27
to end the treaties with the Lakota
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da končajo sporazum z Lakoto,
05:29
as soon as possible.
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kakor hitro je mogoče.
05:31
1875: The Lakota war begins
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1875: Vojna z Lakoto se začne
05:34
over the violation of the Fort Laramie Treaty.
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zaradi kršitve sporazuma pri Fort Laramie.
05:37
1876:
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1876:
05:39
On July 26th
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26. julija,
05:41
on its way to attack a Lakota village,
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na poti na napad na Lakotsko vas,
05:43
Custer's 7th Cavalry was crushed
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je bila Custerjeva 7. konjenica premagana
05:45
at the battle of Little Big Horn.
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pri bitki pri Malem Velikem rogu.
05:47
1877:
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1877:
05:49
The great Lakota warrior and chief named Crazy Horse
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Veliki Lakotski bojevnik
in poglavar imenovan Nori konj
in poglavar imenovan Nori konj
05:52
surrendered at Fort Robinson.
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se je predal pri Utrdbi Robinson.
05:54
He was later killed while in custody.
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Kasneje je bil ubit v priporu.
06:00
1877 is also the year we found a way
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Leta 1877 smo prav tako našli način
06:03
to get around the Fort Laramie Treaties.
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da zaobidemo sporazume Fort Laramie.
06:05
A new agreement was presented to Sioux chiefs and their leading men
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Nov sporazum so predstavili
poglavarjem Sioux in njihovim vodjem
poglavarjem Sioux in njihovim vodjem
06:08
under a campaign known as "sell or starve:"
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pod kampanjo, znano kot
"prodaj ali stradaj".
"prodaj ali stradaj".
06:11
Sign the paper, or no food for your tribe.
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Podpišite papirje,
ali pa ne bo hrane za vaše pleme.
ali pa ne bo hrane za vaše pleme.
06:14
Only 10 percent of the adult male population signed.
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Samo 10 odstotkov
moške populacije je podpisalo.
moške populacije je podpisalo.
06:17
The Fort Laramie Treaty
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Sporazum Fort Laramie
06:19
called for at least three-quarters of the tribe
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je zahteval vsaj tri četrine plemena
06:21
to sign away land.
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za odpis zemlje.
06:23
That clause was obviously ignored.
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Ta člen smo očitno ignorirali.
06:25
1887: The Dawes Act.
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1887: Zakon Dawes.
06:28
Communal ownership of reservation lands ends.
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Skupno lastništvo rezervatov se konča.
06:31
Reservations are cut up into 160-acre sections
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Rezervati so razkosani
v 65 hektarjev velike kose
v 65 hektarjev velike kose
06:34
and distributed to individual Indians
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in razdeljeni posameznim indijancem
06:36
with the surplus disposed of.
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z odpisanim presežkom.
06:38
Tribes lost millions of acres.
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Plemena so izgubila milijone hektarov.
06:41
The American dream of individual land ownership
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Ameriške sanje
o individualnem latništvu zemlje
o individualnem latništvu zemlje
06:43
turned out to be a very clever way
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so se izkazale za premeten način
06:45
to divide the reservation until nothing was left.
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razdelitve rezervatov,
dokler ni ostalo nič.
dokler ni ostalo nič.
06:48
The move destroyed the reservations,
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Ta poteza je uničila rezervate,
06:50
making it easier to further subdivide and to sell
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omogočila je nadaljno razdelitev
in prodajo
in prodajo
06:53
with every passing generation.
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z vsako naslednjo generacijo.
06:56
Most of the surplus land
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Večina ostale zemlje
06:58
and many of the plots within reservation boundaries
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in veliko parcel znotraj meja rezervata
07:00
are now in the hands of white ranchers.
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so sedaj v rokah belih lastnikov rančov.
07:03
Once again, the fat of the land goes to wasichu.
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Ponovno gre
najboljši del zemlje wasichuju.
najboljši del zemlje wasichuju.
07:07
1890, a date I believe to be
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1890, datum, za katerega verjamem,
07:09
the most important in this slide show.
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da je najpomembnejši v tej predstavitvi.
07:12
This is the year of the Wounded Knee Massacre.
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To je leto pokola pri Ranjenem kolenu.
07:14
On December 29th,
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29. decembra
07:16
U.S. troops surrounded a Sioux encampment at Wounded Knee Creek
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so vojaki ZDA obkolili tabor Sioux
pri zalivu Ranjeno koleno.
pri zalivu Ranjeno koleno.
07:19
and massacred Chief Big Foot
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in poklali poglavarja Big Foot-a
07:21
and 300 prisoners of war,
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in 300 vojnih ujetnikov
07:23
using a new rapid-fire weapon
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z uporabo novega, hitro-strelnega orožja,
07:25
that fired exploding shells
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ki je streljalo granate,
07:27
called a Hotchkiss gun.
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imenovanega top Hotchkiss.
07:29
For this so-called "battle,"
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Za to, tako imenovano "bitko",
07:31
20 Congressional Medals of Honor for Valor
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je bilo 20 kongresnih častnih
Medalj za hrabrost
Medalj za hrabrost
07:34
were given to the 7th Cavalry.
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dodeljenih 7. konjenici.
07:37
To this day,
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Do današnjega dne
07:39
this is the most Medals of Honor
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je to največje število Častnih medalj,
07:42
ever awarded for a single battle.
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ki so bile kdajkoli podeljene
za eno samo bitko.
za eno samo bitko.
07:45
More Medals of Honor were given
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Več Častnih medalj je bilo podeljenih
07:47
for the indiscriminate slaughter of women and children
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za pokol žensk in otrok,
kot za katerokoli bitko
v prvi svetovni vojni,
v prvi svetovni vojni,
07:49
than for any battle in World War One,
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07:51
World War Two,
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drugi svetovni vojni,
07:53
Korea, Vietnam,
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Koreji, Vietnamu,
07:55
Iraq or Afghanistan.
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Iraku ali Afganistanu.
07:59
The Wounded Knee massacre
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Pokol pri Ranjenem kolenu
08:01
is considered the end of the Indian wars.
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predstavlja konec vojn z Indijanci.
08:04
Whenever I visit the site
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Kadarkoli obiščem mesto
08:06
of the mass grave at Wounded Knee,
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množičnega groba pri Ranjenem kolenu,
08:08
I see it not just as a grave
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ga vidim ne samo kot grob
08:10
for the Lakota or for the Sioux,
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za Lakoto ali za Siouxe,
08:12
but as a grave for all indigenous peoples.
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ampak kot grob za vse staroselce.
08:18
The holy man, Black Elk, said,
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Sveti mož, Črni los, je rekel,
08:20
"I did not know then
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"Takrat nisem vedel,
08:22
how much was ended.
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kaj vse se je končalo.
08:24
When I look back now
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Ko sedaj gledam nazaj,
08:26
from this high hill of my old age,
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na svoja stara leta,
lahko še vedno vidim
poklane ženske in otroke,
poklane ženske in otroke,
08:28
I can still see the butchered women and children
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08:30
lying heaped and scattered
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kako ležijo na kupih in razsejani,
08:32
all along the crooked gulch
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po vsej krivi soteski,
08:38
as plain as when I saw them
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tako živo, kot sem jih videl
08:40
with eyes still young.
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z mladimi očmi.
08:46
And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud
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In vidim, da je takrat v krvavem blatu
umrlo še nekaj drugega
umrlo še nekaj drugega
08:50
and was buried in the blizzard:
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in je bilo pokopano v viharju:
08:54
A people's dream died there,
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Sanje ljudi so umrle tam,
08:57
and it was a beautiful dream."
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in te sanje so bile prelepe."
09:01
With this event,
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S tem dogodkom
09:03
a new era in Native American history began.
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se je začelo novo obdobje
ameriških staroselcev.
ameriških staroselcev.
09:07
Everything can be measured
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Vse se lahko meri
09:09
before Wounded Knee and after.
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pred Ranjenim kolenom in po njem.
09:12
Because it was in this moment
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Ker je v tistem trenutku,
09:14
with the fingers on the triggers of the Hotchkiss guns
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s prsti na sprožilcih Hotchkiss topov,
09:17
that the U.S. government openly declared its position on Native rights.
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vlada ZDA odkrito razglasila
svoje stališče do pravic staroselcev.
svoje stališče do pravic staroselcev.
09:21
They were tired of treaties.
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Naveličani so bili sporazumov.
09:23
They were tired of sacred hills.
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Naveličani so bili svetih hribov.
09:25
They were tired of ghost dances.
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Naveličani so bili plesa duhov.
09:28
And they were tired of all the inconveniences of the Sioux.
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In naveličani so bili
vseh nevšečnosti s Siouxi.
vseh nevšečnosti s Siouxi.
09:31
So they brought out their cannons.
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Zato so ven privlekli topove.
09:35
"You want to be an Indian now?" they said,
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"Bi zdaj rad bil Indijanec?" so rekli,
09:38
finger on the trigger.
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s prstom na sprožilcu.
09:45
1900:
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1900:
09:47
the U.S. Indian population reached its low point --
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Populacija Ameriških Indijancev
je dosegla najnižjo točko--
je dosegla najnižjo točko--
09:51
less than 250,000,
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manj kot 250 000,
09:53
compared to an estimated eight million
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v primerjavi z osmimi milijoni
09:55
in 1492.
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leta 1492.
09:59
Fast-forward.
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Previjmo naprej.
10:01
1980:
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1980:
10:03
The longest running court case in U.S. history,
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O najdaljšem sodnem primeru
v zgodovini ZDA,
v zgodovini ZDA,
10:05
the Sioux Nation v. the United States,
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narod Sioux proti ZDA,
10:08
was ruled upon by the U.S. Supreme Court.
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je razsodilo Vrhovno sodišče ZDA.
10:12
The court determined that, when the Sioux were resettled onto reservations
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Sodišče je odločilo,
da ko so Siouxe premestili v rezervate,
da ko so Siouxe premestili v rezervate,
10:15
and seven million acres of their land
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in je bilo sedem milijonov arov
njihove zemlje
njihove zemlje
10:18
were opened up to prospectors and homesteaders,
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dostopne rudosledcem in naseljevalcem,
10:21
the terms of the second Fort Laramie Treaty
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so bili pogoji drugega
10:23
had been violated.
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sporazuma pri Fort Laramie kršeni.
10:25
The court stated
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Sodišče je razsodilo,
10:27
that the Black Hills were illegally taken
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da so bili Črni hribi vzeti ilegalno
10:29
and that the initial offering price plus interest
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in da mora biti prvotna cena z obrestmi
10:31
should be paid to the Sioux Nation.
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plačana narodu Sioux.
10:33
As payment for the Black Hills,
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Kot plačilo za Črne hribe
10:35
the court awarded only 106 million dollars
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je sodišče dodelilo samo
106 milijonov dolarjev
106 milijonov dolarjev
10:38
to the Sioux Nation.
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narodu Sioux.
10:40
The Sioux refused the money with the rallying cry,
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Siouxi so denar zavrnili z bojnim krikom:
10:43
"The Black Hills are not for sale."
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"Črni hribi niso naprodaj."
10:46
2010:
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2010:
10:48
Statistics about Native population today,
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statistični podatki o staroselcih danes,
10:51
more than a century after the massacre at Wounded Knee,
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več kot stoletje
po pokolu pri Ranjenem Kolenu,
po pokolu pri Ranjenem Kolenu,
10:54
reveal the legacy of colonization,
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odkrivajo zapuščino kolonizacije,
10:56
forced migration
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prisilne migracije
10:58
and treaty violations.
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in kršitve sporazmov.
11:00
Unemployment on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
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Brezposelnost na rezervatu Pine Ridge
11:03
fluctuates between 85 and 90 percent.
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se giblje med 85 in 90 odstotki.
11:06
The housing office is unable to build new structures,
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Urad za naselitve ne more
zgraditi novih objektov
zgraditi novih objektov
11:09
and existing structures are falling apart.
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in že obstoječi objekti razpadajo.
11:11
Many are homeless,
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Mnogi so brez domov,
in če imajo dom,
so stlačeni v razpadajoče zgradbe,
so stlačeni v razpadajoče zgradbe,
11:13
and those with homes are packed into rotting buildings
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11:15
with up to five families.
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tudi s po petimi družinami.
11:17
39 percent of homes on Pine Ridge
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39 odstotkov domov na Pine Ridge-u
11:19
have no electricity.
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nima elektrike.
11:21
At least 60 percent of the homes on the reservation
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Vsaj 60 odstotkov domov na rezervatu
11:24
are infested with black mold.
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ima črno plesen.
11:26
More than 90 percent of the population
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Več kot 90 odstotkov populacije
11:28
lives below the federal poverty line.
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živo pod mejo revščine.
11:31
The tuberculosis rate on Pine Ridge
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Pojavljanje tuberkuloze na Pine Ridgeu
11:34
is approximately eight times higher than the U.S. national average.
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je približno osemkrat višje
kot povprečno v ZDA.
kot povprečno v ZDA.
11:37
The infant mortality rate
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Umrljivost novorojenčkov
11:39
is the highest on this continent
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je najvišja na celini,
11:41
and is about three times higher than the U.S. national average.
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in je približno trikrat višja
od povprečja v ZDA.
od povprečja v ZDA.
11:44
Cervical cancer is five times higher
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Rak materničnega vratu
je petkrat bolj pogost
je petkrat bolj pogost
11:46
than the U.S. national average.
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kot je povprečje v ZDA.
11:48
School dropout rate is up to 70 percent.
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70 odstotkov otrok šole ne dokonča.
11:51
Teacher turnover
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Menjave učiteljev
11:53
is eight times higher than the U.S. national average.
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so osemkrat bolj pogoste
kot povprečno v ZDA.
kot povprečno v ZDA.
11:56
Frequently, grandparents are raising their grandchildren
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Pogosto stari starši vzgajajo svoje vnuke,
11:59
because parents, due to alcoholism,
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ker jih starši zaradi alkoholizma,
12:02
domestic violence and general apathy,
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nasilja v družini in vsesplošne apatije
12:04
cannot raise them.
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niso zmožni vzgajati.
12:07
50 percent of the population over the age of 40
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50 odstotkov populacije starejše od 40 let
12:10
suffers from diabetes.
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ima sladkorno bolezen.
12:12
The life expectancy for men
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Pričakovana življenjska doba za moške
12:14
is between 46
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je med 46
12:16
and 48 years old --
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in 48 let--
12:19
roughly the same
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približno enaka
12:21
as in Afghanistan and Somalia.
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kot v Afganistanu in Somaliji.
12:25
The last chapter in any successful genocide
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Zadnje poglavje vsakega uspešnega genocida
12:28
is the one in which the oppressor
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je tisto, ko zatiralec
12:30
can remove their hands and say,
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lahko dvigne roke in reče,
12:33
"My God, what are these people doing to themselves?
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"Moj bog, kaj ti ljudje počnejo sami sebi?
12:36
They're killing each other.
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Pobijajo drug drugega.
12:38
They're killing themselves
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Ubijajo sebe,
12:40
while we watch them die."
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medtem ko jih mi gledamo umirati."
12:43
This is how we came to own these United States.
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Tako smo postali lastniki Združenih držav.
12:46
This is the legacy
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To je zapuščina
12:48
of manifest destiny.
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manifesta usode.
12:50
Prisoners are still born
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Zaporniki se še rojevajo
12:52
into prisoner-of-war camps
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v taborišča vojnih ujetnikov
12:54
long after the guards are gone.
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dolgo potem, ko stražarjev več ni.
12:59
These are the bones left
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To so kosti, ki ostanejo,
13:01
after the best meat has been taken.
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ko je pobrano najboljše meso.
13:06
A long time ago,
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Pred dolgim časom
13:08
a series of events was set in motion
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so niz dogodkov
13:10
by a people who look like me, by wasichu,
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začeli ljudje,
ki izgledajo kot jaz, wasichu,
ki izgledajo kot jaz, wasichu,
13:13
eager to take the land and the water
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neučakani, da si vzamejo zemljo in vodo,
13:15
and the gold in the hills.
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in zlato v hribih.
13:18
Those events led to a domino effect
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Ti dogodki so vodili v efekt domin,
13:20
that has yet to end.
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ki se še ni končal.
13:22
As removed as we the dominant society may feel
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Čeprav se kot dominantna družba
počutimo odmaknjeni
počutimo odmaknjeni
13:27
from a massacre in 1890,
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od masakra leta 1890,
13:30
or a series of broken treaties 150 years ago,
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ali od niza prelomljenih sporazumov
pred 150 leti,
pred 150 leti,
13:34
I still have to ask you the question,
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vas moram še vedno vprašati,
13:36
how should you feel about the statistics of today?
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kako se počutite glede
današnjih statistik?
današnjih statistik?
13:40
What is the connection
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Kaj je povezava
13:42
between these images of suffering
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med temi podobami trpljenja
13:44
and the history that I just read to you?
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in med zgodovino, ki sem vam jo prebral?
13:46
And how much of this history
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in koliko te zgodovine
13:48
do you need to own, even?
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si morate lastiti?
13:50
Is any of this your responsibility today?
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Je karkoli od tega zdaj vaša odgovornost?
13:54
I have been told that there must be something we can do.
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Rekli so mi, da mora obstajati nekaj,
kar lahko storimo.
kar lahko storimo.
13:57
There must be some call to action.
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Mora biti nek poziv k ukrepanju.
14:00
Because for so long I've been standing on the sidelines
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Ker predolgo že stojim na robu
14:03
content to be a witness,
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zadovoljen kot priča,
14:05
just taking photographs.
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samo fotografiram.
14:08
Because the solution seems so far in the past,
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Ker se rešitev zdi
tako daleč v preteklosti,
tako daleč v preteklosti,
14:11
I needed nothing short of a time machine
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da bi potreboval časovni stroj,
14:13
to access them.
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da bi jih dosegel.
14:15
The suffering of indigenous peoples
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Trpljenja staroselcev
14:17
is not a simple issue to fix.
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ni enostavno popraviti.
14:21
It's not something everyone can get behind
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Za to se ne morejo zavzeti vsi,
14:23
the way they get behind helping Haiti,
330
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kot se zavzamejo za Haiti,
14:25
or ending AIDS, or fighting a famine.
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ali končanje AIDSa, ali boj proti lakoti.
14:28
The "fix," as it's called,
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"popravilo", kot bi rekli temu,
14:30
may be much more difficult for the dominant society
333
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je morda veliko težje za dominantno družno
14:33
than, say, a $50 check
334
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kot, recimo, ček za 50$
14:35
or a church trip
335
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ali cerkveni obisk,
14:37
to paint some graffiti-covered houses,
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da bi prebarvali z grafiti prekrite hiše,
14:39
or a suburban family
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ali pa predmestna družina,
14:41
donating a box of clothes they don't even want anymore.
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ki daruje škatlo starih oblačil,
ki jih niti več nočejo.
ki jih niti več nočejo.
14:44
So where does that leave us?
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Kje smo torej?
14:46
Shrugging our shoulders in the dark?
340
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Skomigamo z rameni v temi?
14:49
The United States
341
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Združene države
14:51
continues on a daily basis
342
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še naprej vsak dan
14:53
to violate the terms
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kršijo pogoje
14:55
of the 1851 and 1868
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iz let 1851 in 1868
14:57
Fort Laramie Treaties with the Lakota.
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sporazumov Fort Laramie z Lakoto.
15:00
The call to action I offer today --
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Moj poziv k dejanjem danes --
15:02
my TED wish -- is this:
347
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moja TED želja -- je tole:
15:06
Honor the treaties.
348
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Spoštujte sporazume.
15:08
Give back the Black Hills.
349
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vrnite Črne Griče.
15:10
It's not your business what they do with them.
350
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Ni vaša stvar kaj počnejo z njimi.
15:15
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aaron Huey - PhotographerPhotographer, adventurer and storyteller Aaron Huey captures all of his subjects -- from war victims to rock climbers to Sufi dervishes -- with elegance and fearless sensitivity.
Why you should listen
Aaron Huey is a masthead photographer for National Geographic Adventure and National Geographic Traveler magazines. His stories from Afghanistan, Haiti, Mali, Siberia, Yemen and French Polynesia (to name just a few) on subjects as diverse as the Afghan drug war and the underwater photography of sharks, can be found in The New Yorker, National Geographic and The New York Times.
Huey serves on the board of directors for the nonprofit Blue Earth Alliance. In 2002, he walked 3,349 miles across America with his dog Cosmo (the journey lasted 154 days), and was recently awarded a National Geographic Expedition Council Grant to hitchhike across Siberia.
Aaron Huey | Speaker | TED.com