TEDxDU 2010
Aaron Huey: America's native prisoners of war
亚伦. 修伊：沦为战俘的美国原驻民
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亚伦. 修伊多年以来努力用镜头记录美国的贫困状况，他去到了松岭印地安人保护区，亲眼目睹了拉科达人如何为生活而挣扎 -- 他们的生活被外界遗忘，状况令人触目惊心 -- 这使他改变了工作重心。完成了长达五年的摄影工作之后，他走上了TEDxDU的演讲台，展示了震撼人心的照片，并给观众上了一堂发人深省的历史课。
Aaron Huey - Photographer
Photographer, adventurer and storyteller Aaron Huey captures all of his subjects -- from war victims to rock climbers to Sufi dervishes -- with elegance and fearless sensitivity. Full bio
Photographer, adventurer and storyteller Aaron Huey captures all of his subjects -- from war victims to rock climbers to Sufi dervishes -- with elegance and fearless sensitivity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm here today to show my photographs of the Lakota.
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今天，我给大家展示我拍摄的拉科塔人照片。
00:19
Many of you may have heard of the Lakota,
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拉科塔人对于在座的许多人应该不陌生了，
00:21
or at least the larger group of tribes
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至少也听说过他们所属的部落
00:23
called the Sioux.
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苏族。
00:25
The Lakota are one of many tribes that were moved off their land
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拉科塔人是众多被迫离开家园的一支印第安人。
00:28
to prisoner of war camps
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他们沦为战俘，被驱赶到集中营里，
00:30
now called reservations.
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也就是所谓的保留地。
00:32
The Pine Ridge Reservation,
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松岭印地安人保留地，
00:34
the subject of today's slide show,
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就是今天图片展的主题，
00:36
is located about 75 miles southeast
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它位于南达科他州黑岗
00:38
of the Black Hills in South Dakota.
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东南方向75英里处。
00:40
It is sometimes referred to
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它的别名是
00:42
as Prisoner of War Camp Number 334,
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334号战俘集中营。
00:45
and it is where the Lakota now live.
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这里就是现在拉科塔人的居住地。
00:48
Now, if any of you have ever heard of AIM,
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如果你们有人听说过AIM，
00:50
the American Indian Movement,
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也就是美国印第安人运动(American Indian Movement),
00:52
or of Russell Means,
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或者拉塞尔. 米恩斯，
00:54
or Leonard Peltier,
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里奥纳德. 皮尔帝尔，
00:56
or of the stand-off at Oglala,
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奥加拉拉对峙事件，
00:58
then you know that Pine Ridge is ground zero
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那么你肯定知道，在美国，松岭保留地
01:01
for Native issues in the U.S.
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就是印第安人问题集中地带。
01:04
So I've been asked to talk a little bit today
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今天，我应邀在此简单介绍
01:06
about my relationship with the Lakota,
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我和拉科塔人之间的不解之缘，
01:08
and that's a very difficult one for me.
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对于我而言，这相当难能可贵。
01:10
Because, if you haven't noticed from my skin color,
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因为，你们如果注意到我的肤色，
01:12
I'm white,
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就知道我是白人，
01:14
and that is a huge barrier on a Native reservation.
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这在印第安人保留地是一大禁忌。
01:19
You'll see a lot of people in my photographs today,
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今天展示的照片中有形形色色的人，
01:21
and I've become very close with them, and they've welcomed me like family.
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我有幸成为他们的朋友，他们待我如亲人一般。
01:24
They've called me "brother" and "uncle"
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他们亲切地和我以兄弟叔父相称，
01:26
and invited me again and again over five years.
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在过去的五年里一次又一次请我上门作客。
01:28
But on Pine Ridge,
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尽管如此，在松岭，
01:30
I will always be what is called "wasichu,"
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我永远被视为“wasichu”,
01:33
and "wasichu" is a Lakota word
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“wasichu”是拉科塔语，
01:36
that means "non-Indian,"
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意思是非印第安人，
01:38
but another version of this word
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而这个词还有另一个含义，
01:40
means "the one who takes the best meat for himself."
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意思是“抢走上等好肉的人”。
01:44
And that's what I want to focus on --
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这就是我今天的主题 --
01:46
the one who takes the best part of the meat.
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抢走上等好肉的人。
01:48
It means greedy.
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这意味着贪婪。
01:51
So take a look around this auditorium today.
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大家四下看看。
01:53
We are at a private school in the American West,
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我们身处美国西部一所私立学校里，
01:56
sitting in red velvet chairs
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坐在红色丝绒的椅子上，
01:59
with money in our pockets.
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荷包鼓鼓。
02:01
And if we look at our lives,
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如果我们反恭自省，
02:03
we have indeed taken
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就不难发现，
02:05
the best part of the meat.
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我们的确抢走了上等好肉。
02:07
So let's look today at a set of photographs
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我们来好好看看这些图片，
02:10
of a people who lost
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看看我们如何夺走了
02:12
so that we could gain,
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本属于另外一群人的生活。
02:14
and know that when you see these people's faces
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不仅如此，当看到这些人的脸时，
02:17
that these are not just images of the Lakota;
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你知道他们不仅代表了拉科塔人。
02:20
they stand for all indigenous people.
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还代表了所有印第安土著人。
02:25
On this piece of paper
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这张纸上，
02:27
is the history the way I learned it
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记录着我从拉科塔朋友和家人那里
02:29
from my Lakota friends and family.
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学到的历史。
02:32
The following is a time-line
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下面是一组大事年表，
02:34
of treaties made, treaties broken
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记录了那些被撕毁了的协约
02:37
and massacres disguised as battles.
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和一些看似战斗实为屠杀的事件。
02:39
I'll begin in 1824.
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我从1824年讲起。
02:41
What is known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs
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“印第安事务管理局
02:43
was created within the War Department,
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实为美国陆军部下属部门
02:45
setting an early tone of aggression
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一开始就在对待美国原驻民事务上
02:47
in our dealings with the Native Americans.
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充满敌意。
02:49
1851:
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1851年：
02:51
The first treaty of Fort Laramie was made,
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第一次《拉勒米堡条约》，
02:53
clearly marking the boundaries of the Lakota Nation.
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明确划定了拉科塔人的领土分界线。
02:56
According to the treaty,
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根据条约，
02:58
those lands are a sovereign nation.
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分界线以内的土地构成一个主权国家。
03:00
If the boundaries of this treaty had held --
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如果遵照法律，
03:02
and there is a legal basis that they should --
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条约保留至今，
03:05
then this is what the U.S. would look like today.
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那么这才是美国今天的模样。
03:10
10 years later,
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十年以后，
03:12
the Homestead Act, signed by President Lincoln,
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由林肯总统亲自签署的《公地放领法》
03:15
unleashed a flood of white settlers into Native lands.
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放任白人殖民者蜂拥闯入原驻民领地。
03:18
1863:
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1863年：
03:20
An uprising of Santee Sioux in Minnesota
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明尼苏达州发生苏族的支部桑蒂人起义，
03:22
ends with the hanging of 38 Sioux men,
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结果38名苏人被绞死，
03:25
the largest mass execution in U.S. history.
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这成为美国历史上最大规模的绞刑。
03:29
The execution was ordered by President Lincoln
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下令行刑的正是林肯总统，
03:31
only two days after
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而就在两天前，
03:33
he signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
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他刚刚签署了《解放奴隶宣言》。
03:37
1866: the beginning of the transcontinental railroad --
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1866年，跨大陆铁路开始动工 --
03:40
a new era.
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新时代开始了。
03:42
We appropriated land for trails and trains
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为了优化铁路路线，
03:44
to shortcut through the heart of the Lakota Nation.
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我们抄捷径直穿拉科塔腹地。
03:47
The treaties were out the window.
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所有条约都被束之高阁。
03:49
In response, three tribes led by the Lakota chief Red Cloud
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拉科达酋长红云率领的三个部落进行反击，
03:52
attacked and defeated the U.S. army many times over.
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他们攻打并屡次战胜了美国军队。
03:55
I want to repeat that part.
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我想再强调一遍。
03:57
The Lakota defeat the U.S. army.
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拉科塔人战胜了美国军队。
04:00
1868: The second Fort Laramie Treaty
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1868年：第二次《拉勒米堡条约》
04:03
clearly guarantees the sovereignty of the Great Sioux Nation
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清清楚楚地承诺保证苏族的主权地位
04:06
and the Lakotas' ownership of the sacred Black Hills.
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并承认神圣的黑岗为拉科塔所有。
04:09
The government also promises land and hunting rights
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政府另外还承诺他们在其领地周围各州
04:11
in the surrounding states.
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享有土地和狩猎权。
04:13
We promise that the Powder River country
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我们承诺白人一律不许踏入
04:15
will henceforth be closed to all whites.
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属于印第安人的粉河地带。
04:18
The treaty seemed to be a complete victory
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这个条约表面上是红云酋长
04:20
for Red Cloud and the Sioux.
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以及苏人的完胜。
04:22
In fact, this is the only war in American history
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而实质上，这是美国历史上
04:25
in which the government negotiated a peace
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政府唯一一次为了停战
04:28
by conceding everything demanded by the enemy.
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而完全屈从于敌人的要求。
04:33
1869:
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1869年：
04:35
The transcontinental railroad was completed.
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跨大陆铁路竣工。
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It began carrying, among other things, a large number of hunters
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成千上万的猎户搭着火车来到苏人的领地，
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who began the wholesale killing of buffalo,
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他们开始成批地捕杀野牛,
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eliminating a source of food and clothing and shelter for the Sioux.
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使得苏人赖以生存的生活资料来源濒临灭绝。
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1871:
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1871年：
04:48
The Indian Appropriation Act
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印第安人拨款法案
04:50
makes all Indians wards of the federal government.
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让所有印第安人都受到联邦政府的管辖。
04:53
In addition, the military issued orders
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不仅如此，美国军队下令
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forbidding western Indians from leaving reservations.
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禁止西部的印第安人离开保留地。
04:59
All western Indians at that point in time
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从此以后，所有西部印第安人
05:01
were now prisoners of war.
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都成为了战后囚徒。
05:03
Also in 1871,
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另外，1871年，
05:05
we ended the time of treaty-making.
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我们停止制定条约。
05:07
The problem with treaties is they allow tribes to exist as sovereign nations,
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条约只会允许印第安部落享有主权，
05:10
and we can't have that.
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但我们不能接受。
05:12
We had plans.
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我们自有对策。
05:14
1874:
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1874年：
05:16
General George Custer announced the discovery of gold in Lakota territory,
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乔治. 卡斯特将军宣布在拉科塔地区发现了金矿，
05:19
specifically the Black Hills.
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具体位置就在黑岗。
05:21
The news of gold creates a massive influx of white settlers
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这一消息引得白人移民者蜂拥
05:23
into Lakota Nation.
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闯入拉科塔领地。
05:25
Custer recommends that Congress find a way
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卡斯特向国会提议
05:27
to end the treaties with the Lakota
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尽快解除
05:29
as soon as possible.
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与拉科塔人定下的条约。
05:31
1875: The Lakota war begins
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1875年：美国撕毁《拉勒米堡条约》，
05:34
over the violation of the Fort Laramie Treaty.
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拉科达战争爆发。
05:37
1876:
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1876年：
05:39
On July 26th
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7月26日
05:41
on its way to attack a Lakota village,
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卡斯特将军率领的第七骑兵
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Custer's 7th Cavalry was crushed
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在攻打一个拉科塔村庄时全军覆没，
05:45
at the battle of Little Big Horn.
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这就是著名的小盘羊战役。
05:47
1877:
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1877年：
05:49
The great Lakota warrior and chief named Crazy Horse
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伟大的拉科达勇士疯马酋长
05:52
surrendered at Fort Robinson.
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于罗宾逊堡投降。
05:54
He was later killed while in custody.
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他之后在关押期间被杀害。
06:00
1877 is also the year we found a way
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1877年，我们成功地
06:03
to get around the Fort Laramie Treaties.
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解除了所有《拉勒米堡条约》。
06:05
A new agreement was presented to Sioux chiefs and their leading men
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一项新协议摆在了苏人各部酋长以及他们副手的面前，
06:08
under a campaign known as "sell or starve:"
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这次运动被称为“不卖地就饿死”。
06:11
Sign the paper, or no food for your tribe.
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要么在协议上签字，要么你的部落就等着挨饿。
06:14
Only 10 percent of the adult male population signed.
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只有百分之十的成年男子签了字。
06:17
The Fort Laramie Treaty
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《拉勒米堡条约》
06:19
called for at least three-quarters of the tribe
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要求一个部落中至少四分之三的人签字同意
06:21
to sign away land.
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才能出让土地。
06:23
That clause was obviously ignored.
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这一条款很显然已经被忽略不计了。
06:25
1887: The Dawes Act.
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1887：《道斯法案》。
06:28
Communal ownership of reservation lands ends.
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保留地公有的时代就此终结。
06:31
Reservations are cut up into 160-acre sections
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保留地被分割成块，每块地为160英亩，
06:34
and distributed to individual Indians
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分配给每个印第安人
06:36
with the surplus disposed of.
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剩余的部分则被割走。
06:38
Tribes lost millions of acres.
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印第安部落损失了上百万英亩土地。
06:41
The American dream of individual land ownership
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美国人为了实现
06:43
turned out to be a very clever way
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就不择手段
06:45
to divide the reservation until nothing was left.
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将保留地瓜分待尽。
06:48
The move destroyed the reservations,
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保留地遭到毁灭性打击，
06:50
making it easier to further subdivide and to sell
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变得更容易让下一代人
06:53
with every passing generation.
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进一步瓜分。
06:56
Most of the surplus land
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那些瓜分剩下的土地
06:58
and many of the plots within reservation boundaries
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以及许多保留地内的地块
07:00
are now in the hands of white ranchers.
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现在都成了白人农场主的囊中之物。
07:03
Once again, the fat of the land goes to wasichu.
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最肥沃的土地在一次落到了wasichu（抢走上等好肉之人）。
07:07
1890, a date I believe to be
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1890年，我认为是幻灯片上
07:09
the most important in this slide show.
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最重要的一个日期。
07:12
This is the year of the Wounded Knee Massacre.
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就在这一年，“伤膝河惨案”发生了。
07:14
On December 29th,
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12月29日，
07:16
U.S. troops surrounded a Sioux encampment at Wounded Knee Creek
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美国军队包围了苏人驻扎在伤膝河的营地，
07:19
and massacred Chief Big Foot
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并在那里屠杀了“大脚”酋长
07:21
and 300 prisoners of war,
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以及其他300多名战俘，
07:23
using a new rapid-fire weapon
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他们使用的是一种能够进行扫射的
07:25
that fired exploding shells
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新式武器 －
07:27
called a Hotchkiss gun.
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机关枪。
07:29
For this so-called "battle,"
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为了这场所谓的战役，
07:31
20 Congressional Medals of Honor for Valor
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国会将20枚荣誉勋章
07:34
were given to the 7th Cavalry.
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授予了第七骑兵团以表彰他们的骁勇善战。
07:37
To this day,
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直到今天，
07:39
this is the most Medals of Honor
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这是历史上国会授予最多荣誉勋章的
07:42
ever awarded for a single battle.
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单次战役。
07:45
More Medals of Honor were given
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这一次对无辜妇女儿童的残酷屠杀
07:47
for the indiscriminate slaughter of women and children
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所获得的荣誉勋章
07:49
than for any battle in World War One,
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多于第一次世界大战，
07:51
World War Two,
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第二次世界大战，
07:53
Korea, Vietnam,
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朝鲜战争，越南战争，
07:55
Iraq or Afghanistan.
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伊拉克战争或阿富汗战争中的任何一次战役。
07:59
The Wounded Knee massacre
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“伤膝河惨案”
08:01
is considered the end of the Indian wars.
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标志了印第安战争的结束。
08:04
Whenever I visit the site
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每一次
08:06
of the mass grave at Wounded Knee,
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去伤膝河公墓，
08:08
I see it not just as a grave
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我看到的
08:10
for the Lakota or for the Sioux,
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不仅仅是拉科塔人或苏人的坟墓，
08:12
but as a grave for all indigenous peoples.
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而是所有原住民的坟墓。
08:18
The holy man, Black Elk, said,
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印第安圣人黑麋鹿曾说：
08:20
"I did not know then
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“我不知道当时
08:22
how much was ended.
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死了多少人。
08:24
When I look back now
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每当回首
08:26
from this high hill of my old age,
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那座饱经沧桑的高山，
08:28
I can still see the butchered women and children
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沿着那条蜿蜒的小河
08:30
lying heaped and scattered
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我依然能看见那些妇女儿童,
08:32
all along the crooked gulch
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尸横遍地，
08:38
as plain as when I saw them
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这和我年轻时亲见的场景
08:40
with eyes still young.
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一般清晰。
08:46
And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud
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我能看到在那鲜血染红的泥土中还有另一样东西也被扼杀了，
08:50
and was buried in the blizzard:
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最后被暴风雪所埋葬。
08:54
A people's dream died there,
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一个民族的梦想在那里破灭了，
08:57
and it was a beautiful dream."
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那曾是个多么美好的梦想。”
09:01
With this event,
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事件发生以后，
09:03
a new era in Native American history began.
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美国原驻民的历史进入了新的篇章。
09:07
Everything can be measured
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“伤膝河惨案” 发生之前，
09:09
before Wounded Knee and after.
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一切都是可以衡量的。
09:12
Because it was in this moment
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因为现在美国政府
09:14
with the fingers on the triggers of the Hotchkiss guns
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一边做出扣动扳机的姿态，
09:17
that the U.S. government openly declared its position on Native rights.
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一边吆喝着原住民的基本权利掌握在政府手里。
09:21
They were tired of treaties.
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他们厌倦了条约。
09:23
They were tired of sacred hills.
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厌倦了圣山。
09:25
They were tired of ghost dances.
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厌倦了鬼舞。
09:28
And they were tired of all the inconveniences of the Sioux.
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他们厌倦了苏人给他们带来的种种不便。
09:31
So they brought out their cannons.
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于是他们搬出了大炮。
09:35
"You want to be an Indian now?" they said,
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要挟着：“你们还做印第安人是吗？”
09:38
finger on the trigger.
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接着扣动扳机。
09:45
1900:
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1900年：
09:47
the U.S. Indian population reached its low point --
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美国原驻民人口跌至历史最低点 －
09:51
less than 250,000,
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不足二十五万人，
09:53
compared to an estimated eight million
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远远少于1492年的
09:55
in 1492.
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八百万人。
09:59
Fast-forward.
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时光飞逝。
10:01
1980:
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1980年：
10:03
The longest running court case in U.S. history,
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美国历史上耗时最长的官司
10:05
the Sioux Nation v. the United States,
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在苏族和美国政府之间展开，
10:08
was ruled upon by the U.S. Supreme Court.
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然而美国最高法院操控了案件的审判。
10:12
The court determined that, when the Sioux were resettled onto reservations
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法院决定，苏人重整保留地，
10:15
and seven million acres of their land
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允许将七百万英亩土地
10:18
were opened up to prospectors and homesteaders,
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开放给探矿者和自耕农。
10:21
the terms of the second Fort Laramie Treaty
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这些决议违反了
10:23
had been violated.
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第二次《拉勒米堡条约》。
10:25
The court stated
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法院陈述说
10:27
that the Black Hills were illegally taken
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黑岗是被非法占有的，
10:29
and that the initial offering price plus interest
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政府应当连本带息
10:31
should be paid to the Sioux Nation.
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向苏族买下黑岗。
10:33
As payment for the Black Hills,
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为买下黑岗，
10:35
the court awarded only 106 million dollars
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法院只承诺给苏族
10:38
to the Sioux Nation.
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区区一亿零六百万美元。
10:40
The Sioux refused the money with the rallying cry,
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苏人集体抗议，拒绝收钱，
10:43
"The Black Hills are not for sale."
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他们呐喊，“决不卖黑岗”。
10:46
2010:
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2010年：
10:48
Statistics about Native population today,
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今天关于原住民的数据显示，
10:51
more than a century after the massacre at Wounded Knee,
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伤膝河惨案过了一个多世纪之后，
10:54
reveal the legacy of colonization,
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殖民地化，强制搬迁，
10:56
forced migration
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违反条约等活动所产生的后遗症
10:58
and treaty violations.
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逐渐暴露。
11:00
Unemployment on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
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松岭印第安人保留地的失业率
11:03
fluctuates between 85 and 90 percent.
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一直高达百分之八十五甚至百分之九十。
11:06
The housing office is unable to build new structures,
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房屋事务管理部门无力建设新的基础设施，
11:09
and existing structures are falling apart.
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而现存的设施却在渐渐崩塌。
11:11
Many are homeless,
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不少人流离失所，
11:13
and those with homes are packed into rotting buildings
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即使一些人有家，他们也只能勉强在危楼里，
11:15
with up to five families.
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五个家庭挤在一起生活。
11:17
39 percent of homes on Pine Ridge
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在松岭，百分之三十九的住房
11:19
have no electricity.
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没有通电。
11:21
At least 60 percent of the homes on the reservation
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百分之六十以上的住房
11:24
are infested with black mold.
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发了霉。
11:26
More than 90 percent of the population
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超过百分之九十的人口
11:28
lives below the federal poverty line.
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生活在国家贫困线以下。
11:31
The tuberculosis rate on Pine Ridge
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松岭地区的肺结核患病率
11:34
is approximately eight times higher than the U.S. national average.
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大约比全国平均患病率高八成。
11:37
The infant mortality rate
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婴儿死亡率
11:39
is the highest on this continent
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为北美洲之首，
11:41
and is about three times higher than the U.S. national average.
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比全国平均婴儿死亡率高出三成。
11:44
Cervical cancer is five times higher
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宫颈癌患病率
11:46
than the U.S. national average.
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比全国平均值高五倍。
11:48
School dropout rate is up to 70 percent.
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辍学率高达百分之七十。
11:51
Teacher turnover
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教师调动频繁，
11:53
is eight times higher than the U.S. national average.
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比全国平均值高出八成。
11:56
Frequently, grandparents are raising their grandchildren
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孩子通常由他们的祖父祖母抚养，
11:59
because parents, due to alcoholism,
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因为他们的父母由于酗酒，
12:02
domestic violence and general apathy,
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家庭暴力和对子女的冷漠态度，
12:04
cannot raise them.
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而无法承担抚养责任。
12:07
50 percent of the population over the age of 40
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年龄在四十岁以上的人群中有百分之五十
12:10
suffers from diabetes.
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患有糖尿病。
12:12
The life expectancy for men
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男性的寿命平均在
12:14
is between 46
282
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46岁
12:16
and 48 years old --
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到48岁－
12:19
roughly the same
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基本上堪比
12:21
as in Afghanistan and Somalia.
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阿富汗和索马里亚的情况。
12:25
The last chapter in any successful genocide
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每一次种族屠杀的结局都一样，
12:28
is the one in which the oppressor
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屠杀者
12:30
can remove their hands and say,
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丢下屠刀，说：
12:33
"My God, what are these people doing to themselves?
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“天啊，这些人对自己都干了什么？
12:36
They're killing each other.
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他们自相残杀。
12:38
They're killing themselves
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自取灭亡。
12:40
while we watch them die."
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我们只能在一边看着。”
12:43
This is how we came to own these United States.
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我们就是这样建立起美利坚合众国的。
12:46
This is the legacy
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这是命定扩张论
12:48
of manifest destiny.
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所衍生的后遗症。
12:50
Prisoners are still born
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虽然监狱看守早已不在了，
12:52
into prisoner-of-war camps
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在这个战争集中营里，
12:54
long after the guards are gone.
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仍然不停地有新的战俘诞生。
12:59
These are the bones left
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好肉都被瓜分干净了，
13:01
after the best meat has been taken.
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剩下的只有骨头。
13:06
A long time ago,
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很久以前，
13:08
a series of events was set in motion
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一群和我拥有同样肤色的人，也就是wasichu，
13:10
by a people who look like me, by wasichu,
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因为觊觎黑岗的土地，
13:13
eager to take the land and the water
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水资源，以及金子，
13:15
and the gold in the hills.
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而发动了一系列抢掠行动。
13:18
Those events led to a domino effect
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这些行动产生的连锁效应，
13:20
that has yet to end.
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至今未停。
13:22
As removed as we the dominant society may feel
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尽管现在我们作为主导的这个社会
13:27
from a massacre in 1890,
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与1890年的大屠杀
13:30
or a series of broken treaties 150 years ago,
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以及150年前撕毁的条约相隔甚远，
13:34
I still have to ask you the question,
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我仍然要问你们：
13:36
how should you feel about the statistics of today?
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对于今天的数据，你们做何感想？
13:40
What is the connection
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这些印第安人受苦的照片
13:42
between these images of suffering
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和我刚才所念的历史事件
13:44
and the history that I just read to you?
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有什么关联呢？
13:46
And how much of this history
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你们对这些历史事件
13:48
do you need to own, even?
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应付多少责任？
13:50
Is any of this your responsibility today?
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你们是否对这些历史事件负责？
13:54
I have been told that there must be something we can do.
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有人告诉我说我们肯定能做些什么。
13:57
There must be some call to action.
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我需要号召大家行动起来，
14:00
Because for so long I've been standing on the sidelines
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因为我花了太长时间站在一旁
14:03
content to be a witness,
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满足于作个旁观者，
14:05
just taking photographs.
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能做的只是拍拍照片。
14:08
Because the solution seems so far in the past,
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还因为时过境迁，时局已无法挽回，
14:11
I needed nothing short of a time machine
325
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我只有使用时间机器
14:13
to access them.
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才能回到过去。
14:15
The suffering of indigenous peoples
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原住民的痛苦生活
14:17
is not a simple issue to fix.
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不是一天两天就能够得到改善的。
14:21
It's not something everyone can get behind
329
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人们不能像拖延援助海地，
14:23
the way they get behind helping Haiti,
330
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抗击艾滋病，或赈济饥荒那样
14:25
or ending AIDS, or fighting a famine.
331
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拖延对原住民的帮助。
14:28
The "fix," as it's called,
332
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帮助他们的方法
14:30
may be much more difficult for the dominant society
333
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对于主流社会而言可不简单，
14:33
than, say, a $50 check
334
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它不是一张五十美元的支票，
14:35
or a church trip
335
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不像教会组织
14:37
to paint some graffiti-covered houses,
336
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帮助粉刷被涂鸦的房子，
14:39
or a suburban family
337
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也不是像一个市郊家庭
14:41
donating a box of clothes they don't even want anymore.
338
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把他们不要的旧衣服捐出来那么简单。
14:44
So where does that leave us?
339
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我们到底应该怎么做？
14:46
Shrugging our shoulders in the dark?
340
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只能无奈地耸耸肩吗？
14:49
The United States
341
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美国政府
14:51
continues on a daily basis
342
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至今
14:53
to violate the terms
343
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仍在违反
14:55
of the 1851 and 1868
344
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1851年和1868年的条约。
14:57
Fort Laramie Treaties with the Lakota.
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也就是和拉科塔人签订的两次《拉勒米堡条约》。
15:00
The call to action I offer today --
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我今天想告诉大家－
15:02
my TED wish -- is this:
347
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我的TED心愿是－
15:06
Honor the treaties.
348
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请你们遵守条约，
15:08
Give back the Black Hills.
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归还黑岗，
15:10
It's not your business what they do with them.
350
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印第安人想怎样利用那些山，你们无权过问。
15:15
(Applause)
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（众人鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aaron Huey - PhotographerPhotographer, adventurer and storyteller Aaron Huey captures all of his subjects -- from war victims to rock climbers to Sufi dervishes -- with elegance and fearless sensitivity.
Why you should listen
Aaron Huey is a masthead photographer for National Geographic Adventure and National Geographic Traveler magazines. His stories from Afghanistan, Haiti, Mali, Siberia, Yemen and French Polynesia (to name just a few) on subjects as diverse as the Afghan drug war and the underwater photography of sharks, can be found in The New Yorker, National Geographic and The New York Times.
Huey serves on the board of directors for the nonprofit Blue Earth Alliance. In 2002, he walked 3,349 miles across America with his dog Cosmo (the journey lasted 154 days), and was recently awarded a National Geographic Expedition Council Grant to hitchhike across Siberia.
Aaron Huey | Speaker | TED.com