TEDGlobal 2009
Cynthia Schneider: The surprising spread of Idol TV
Cynthia Schneider: Penyebaran yang mengejutkan dari TV "Idol"
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Cynthia Schneider melihat kepada dua pertunjukkan internasional dengan gaya "American Idol" -- satu di Afghanistan, dan satu lagi di Uni Emirat Arab -- dan menunjukkan efek mengejutkan yang dibuat oleh acara kompetisi realitas TV ini kepada masyarakatnya.
Cynthia Schneider - Cultural diplomacy expert
Cynthia Schneider studies culture and politics -- watching how novels, TV shows and cultural engagement around the globe (and especially within the Muslim world) might lead to political change. She was the US ambassador to the Netherlands from 1998 to 2001. Full bio
Cynthia Schneider studies culture and politics -- watching how novels, TV shows and cultural engagement around the globe (and especially within the Muslim world) might lead to political change. She was the US ambassador to the Netherlands from 1998 to 2001. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'd like to ask you,
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Saya ingin bertanya kepada anda,
00:17
what do these three people have in common?
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apa kesamaan dari ketiga orang ini?
00:22
Well, you probably recognize the first person.
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Anda mungkin mengenali orang yang pertama.
00:24
I'm sure you're all avid "American Idol" watchers.
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Saya yakin kalian semua keranjingan menonton "American Idol".
00:27
But you might not recognize Aydah Al Jahani,
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Namun anda mungkin tidak mengenal Aydah Al Jahani,
00:30
who is a contestant, indeed a finalist,
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yang merupakan peserta, finalis
00:33
in the Poet of the Millions competition,
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dari kompetisi "Poet of the Milions" [Puisi jutaan orang]
00:36
which is broadcast out of Abu Dhabi,
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yang disiarkan dari Abu Dhabi,
00:38
and seen throughout the Arab world.
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dan ditonton di seluruh dunia Arab.
00:40
In this contest
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Dalam kontes ini
00:42
people have to write and recite
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peserta harus menulis dan mendeklamasikan
00:45
original poetry, in the Nabati form of poetry,
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puisi asli, berbentuk puisi Nabati,
00:48
which is the traditional Bedouin form.
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yang merupakan bentuk tradisional Bedouin.
00:51
And Lima Sahar was a finalist
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Dan Lima Sahar adalah finalis
00:54
in the Afghan Star singing competition.
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dari kompetisi menyanyi "Afghan Star" [bintang Afghanistan]
00:58
Now, before I go any further,
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Sekarang, sebelum saya melangkah lebih jauh.
01:00
yes, I know it all began with "Britain's Got Talent."
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benar, saya tahu semuanya dimulai dengan "Britain's Got Talent"
01:04
But my point in discussing this
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Namun alasan saya mendiskusikan hal ini
01:07
is to show you -- I hope I'll be able to show you
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adalah untuk menunjukkan -- saya harap saya dapat menunjukkan kepada anda
01:10
how these merit-based competitions,
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bagaimana kompetisi berdasarkan meritokrasi ini
01:14
with equal access to everyone,
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dengan akses yang setara bagi semua orang,
01:17
with the winner selected via voting by SMS,
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di mana pemenang ditentukan melalui SMS,
01:20
are changing tribal societies.
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telah mengubah masyarakat kesukuan.
01:23
And I'm going to focus on Afghanistan
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Saya akan fokus pada Afghanistan
01:25
and the Arab world with the UAE,
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dan dunia Arab melalui UAE,
01:28
how they're changing tribal societies,
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bagaimana mereka mengubah masyarakat kesukuan,
01:31
not by introducing Western ideas,
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bukan dengan memperkenalkan ide-ide Barat,
01:33
but by being integrated into the language in those places.
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namun dengan memadukannya dalam bahasa-bahasa di daerah itu.
01:37
It all begins with enjoyment.
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Semuanya dimulai dengan hiburan.
01:42
Video: We are late to watch "Afghan Star."
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(Video): Kami terlambat menonton Afghan Star.
01:45
We are going to watch "Afghan Star." We are late.
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Kami akan menonton Afghan Star. Kami terlambat.
01:48
We are running late.
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Kami terlambat.
01:51
We must go to watch "Afghan Star."
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Kami harus pergi menonton Afghan Star.
01:56
Cynthia Schneider: These programs are reaching incredibly deeply into society.
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CS: Program ini menjangkau luar biasa jauh ke dalam masyarakat.
02:01
In Afghanistan, people go to extraordinary lengths
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Di Afghanistan, orang-orang melakukan hal-hal yang tidak biasa
02:04
to be able to watch this program.
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untuk dapat menonton program ini.
02:06
And you don't necessarily have to have your own TV set.
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Anda tidak perlu memiliki TV sendiri.
02:09
People watch it all over the country
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Orang-orang di seluruh negara menonton acara ini
02:11
also in public places.
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dan juga di tempat-tempat umum.
02:14
But it goes beyond watching,
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Dan lebih dari sekedar menonton,
02:17
because also, part of this
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karena, sebagian juga terlibat
02:20
is campaigning.
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dalam berkampanye.
02:22
People become so engaged
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Orang-orang menjadi begitu terlibat
02:24
that they have volunteers, just like political volunteers anyway,
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mereka bekerja sukarela, seperti sukarelawan politik,
02:28
who fan out over the countryside,
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yang mengumpulkan penggemar di seluruh pedesaan,
02:31
campaigning for their candidate.
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berkampanye bagi idola mereka.
02:34
Contestants also put themselves forward.
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Para peserta juga mengajukan diri.
02:37
Now, of course there is a certain degree of ethnic allegiance, but not entirely.
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Kini, tentu saja, ada kefanatikan etnis, tapi tidak sepenuhnya.
02:41
Because each year the winner has come from a different tribal group.
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Karena setiap tahun para juara berasal dari suku yang berbeda.
02:46
This has opened up the door,
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Ini telah membuka pintu,
02:48
particularly for women.
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terutama bagi para wanita.
02:50
And in the last season there were two women in the finalists.
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Dan pada season terakhir ada dua orang wanita di babak final.
02:53
One of them, Lima Sahar, is a Pashtun from Kandahar,
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Salah satunya, Lima Sahar, adalah suku Pashtun dari Kandahar,
02:56
a very conservative part of the country.
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bagian dari negara itu yang sangat konservatif.
02:59
And here she relates, in the documentary film "Afghan Star,"
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Di sini dia bercerita, dalam film dokumenter Afghan Star,
03:03
how her friends urged her not to do this
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bagaimana teman-temannya mendorongnya untuk tidak melakukan ini
03:06
and told her that she was leaving them for democracy.
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dan berkata bahwa dia meninggalkan mereka untuk demokrasi.
03:09
But she also confides that
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Namun dia juga memberitahukan bahwa
03:12
she knows that members of the Taliban
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dia tahu anggota-anggota Taliban
03:14
are actually SMS-ing votes in for her.
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sebenarnya mengirimkan SMS untuknya.
03:19
Aydah Al Jahnani also took risks
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Aydah Al Jahnani juga mengambil resiko
03:22
and put herself out, to compete
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dan maju untuk bertarung
03:24
in the Poet of the Millions competition.
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dalam kompetisi Poet of the Millions.
03:27
I have to say, her husband backed her from the start.
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Saya harus berkata, suaminya mendukungnya sejak awal.
03:31
But her tribe and family urged her not to compete
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Namun suku dan keluarganya mendesaknya untuk tidak ikut serta
03:34
and were very much against it.
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dan sangat menentangnya.
03:36
But, once she started to win,
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Namun, saat dia mulai menang,
03:39
then they got behind her again.
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mereka mulai mendukungnya kembali.
03:41
It turns out that competition and winning is a universal human value.
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Ternyata kompetisi dan kemenangan adalah nilai kemanusiaan yang universal.
03:47
And she's out there.
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Dan dia di sana.
03:49
Her poetry is about women,
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Puisinya tentang para wanita,
03:52
and the life of women in society.
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dan kehidupan wanita di dalam masyarakat.
03:55
So just by presenting herself
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Jadi dengan menunjukkan dirinya sendiri,
03:57
and being in competition with men --
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dan mengikuti kompetisi bersama para pria --
03:59
this shows the voting on the program --
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inilah voting dalam program ini --
04:01
it sets a very important example for young women --
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yang menunjukkan contoh yang sangat penting bagi para wanita muda --
04:04
these are young women in the audience of the program --
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inilah para wanita muda di kursi penonton dari program ini --
04:07
in Abu Dhabi, but also people in the viewing audience.
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di Abu Dhabi, namun juga orang-orang di kursi penonton.
04:11
Now you'd think that "American Idol"
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Anda akan berpikir bahwa "American Idol"
04:13
would introduce a measure of Americanization.
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akan memperkenalkan semacam Amerikanisasi.
04:16
But actually, just the opposite is happening.
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Namun sebenarnya, hal sebaliknyalah yang terjadi.
04:19
By using this engaging popular format
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Dengan menggunakan bentuk keterlibatan yang populer ini
04:22
for traditional, local culture,
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dalam budaya tradisional lokal,
04:25
it actually, in the Gulf, is precipitating a revival
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sebenarnya, di kawasan Teluk, menimbulkan kebangkitan
04:28
of interest in Nabati poetry,
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dari ketertarikan terhadap puisi Nabati,
04:30
also in traditional dress and dance and music.
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juga dalam busana, tarian, dan musik tradisional.
04:34
And for Afghanistan,
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Dan bagi Afghanistan
04:36
where the Taliban banned music for many years,
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di mana Taliban melarang musik selama bertahun-tahun,
04:40
it is reintroducing their traditional music.
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acara ini mengenalkan kembali musik tradisional.
04:42
They don't sing pop songs,
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Mereka tidak menyanyikan lagu-lagu pop,
04:44
they sing Afghan music.
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mereka bernyanyi musik Afghan.
04:47
And they also have learned how to lose gracefully,
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Dan mereka juga belajar menerima kekalahan dengan lapang dada,
04:50
without avenging the winner.
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tanpa balas dendam.
04:52
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
04:54
No small thing.
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Bukan hal kecil.
04:56
And the final, sort of, formulation
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Dan semacam formulasi terakhir
05:02
of this "American Idol" format,
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dari format "American Idol" ini
05:05
which has just appeared in Afghanistan,
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yang baru saja muncul di Afghanistan,
05:07
is a new program called "The Candidate."
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adalah program baru bernama "The Candidate." [Sang Kandidat]
05:10
And in this program, people present
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Dalam program ini orang-orang memberikan
05:12
policy platforms that are then voted on.
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program politik yang kemudian dipilih.
05:15
Many of them are too young to run for president,
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Banyak dari para peserta terlalu muda untuk mencalonkan diri sebagai presiden.
05:18
but by putting the issues out there,
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Namun dengan memberikan isu-isu di sana,
05:20
they are influencing the presidential race.
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mereka mempengaruhi pemilihan presiden.
05:22
So for me, the substance of things unseen
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Jadi bagi saya, substansi dari hal-hal yang tidak tampak,
05:25
is how reality TV is driving reality.
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adalah bagaimana realitas TV menggerakkan realitas.
05:29
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
05:31
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cynthia Schneider - Cultural diplomacy expertCynthia Schneider studies culture and politics -- watching how novels, TV shows and cultural engagement around the globe (and especially within the Muslim world) might lead to political change. She was the US ambassador to the Netherlands from 1998 to 2001.
Why you should listen
Cynthia P. Schneider is a Fellow at the Brookings Institution, where she leads the Arts and Culture Initiative within the Saban Center for Middle East Policy. In her work, she looks at the Muslim world through its cultural products (movies, films, books and shows), and searches for clues to deeper social change.
Cynthia Schneider | Speaker | TED.com