TEDxPSU
Ali Carr-Chellman: Gaming to re-engage boys in learning
Ali Carr-Chellman:用電動遊戲來重新吸引男孩子學習
Filmed:
Readability: 3.2
1,257,589 views
在TEDxPSU，Ali Carr-Chellman 指出男生不愛上學的三大原因，並提出讓他們重新融入學習的方法--將他們的文化帶到課堂裡，用新的準則讓男孩繼續做男孩，讓電子遊戲變成消遣以外的教學工具。
Ali Carr-Chellman - Instructional designer
Ali Carr-Chellman is an instructional designer and author who studies the most effective ways to teach kids and to make changes at school. Full bio
Ali Carr-Chellman is an instructional designer and author who studies the most effective ways to teach kids and to make changes at school. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So I'm here to tell you
0
0
2000
我來這裡的目的是要告訴你
00:17
that we have a problem with boys,
1
2000
2000
我們有一個男孩子的問題
00:19
and it's a serious problem with boys.
2
4000
2000
而且是一個非常嚴重的問題
00:21
Their culture isn't working in schools,
3
6000
3000
他們的文化跟學校的文化無法融合。
00:24
and I'm going to share with you
4
9000
2000
我要跟你們分享
00:26
ways that we can think about overcoming that problem.
5
11000
3000
克服這個問題的方法。
00:29
First, I want to start by saying, this is a boy,
6
14000
3000
第一，我要說明的是，這是一名男孩，
00:32
and this is a girl,
7
17000
2000
這是一名女孩。
00:34
and this is probably stereotypically
8
19000
2000
這是典型的
00:36
what you think of as a boy and a girl.
9
21000
2000
男孩和女孩的定義
00:38
If I essentialize gender for you today,
10
23000
2000
假如我今天跟你討論性別的不同的話
00:40
then you can dismiss what I have to say.
11
25000
2000
那你可以對我要說的話不予理會。
00:42
So I'm not going to do that. I'm not interested in doing that.
12
27000
2000
因此我不會那麼做，我沒有興趣去那麼做。
00:44
This is a different kind of boy and a different kind of girl.
13
29000
3000
這是另一種男孩和另一種女孩
00:48
So the point here is that not all boys
14
33000
2000
我要指出的是不是所有的男孩
00:50
exist within these rigid boundaries
15
35000
2000
都是在這種嚴格
00:52
of what we think of as boys and girls,
16
37000
3000
的男女標準底下存在的
00:55
and not all girls exist within those rigid boundaries
17
40000
2000
同樣的，不是所有的女孩都是在這種嚴格的
00:57
of what we think of as girls.
18
42000
2000
女性標準底下存在的。
00:59
But, in fact, most boys tend to be a certain way,
19
44000
3000
但是，大部分的男生是有某一些共同點，
01:02
and most girls tend to be a certain way.
20
47000
2000
而女生也會有另一些共同點
01:04
And the point is that, for boys,
21
49000
3000
我要指出的是，對男生而言
01:07
the way that they exist and the culture that they embrace
22
52000
3000
他們的生存方式和文化
01:10
isn't working well in schools now.
23
55000
2000
不適用於現在的學校制度裡。
01:12
How do we know that?
24
57000
2000
我們怎麼曉得這一點呢？
01:14
The Hundred Girls Project
25
59000
2000
一百名女孩的方案
01:16
tells us some really nice statistics.
26
61000
3000
給我們一些很好的統計數據。
01:19
For example, for every 100 girls that are suspended from school,
27
64000
3000
讓我舉例說明：每一百名被停學的女孩
01:22
there are 250 boys that are suspended from school.
28
67000
3000
有相對的兩百五十名男孩被停學。
01:25
For every 100 girls who are expelled from school,
29
70000
3000
每一百名被開除的女生，
01:28
there are 335 boys who are expelled from school.
30
73000
3000
會有相對的三百三十五名男生被開除。
01:31
For every 100 girls in special education,
31
76000
2000
每一百名接受特殊教育的女生，
01:33
there are 217 boys.
32
78000
2000
有相對的兩百十七名男生。
01:35
For every 100 girls with a learning disability,
33
80000
2000
每一百名有學習障礙的女生
01:37
there are 276 boys.
34
82000
3000
就會有相對的兩百七十六名男生。
01:40
For every 100 girls
35
85000
2000
每一百名
01:42
with an emotional disturbance diagnosed,
36
87000
2000
被判斷為有心理問題的女生，
01:44
we have 324 boys.
37
89000
2000
我們有相對的三百二十四名男生。
01:46
And by the way, all of these numbers are significantly higher
38
91000
3000
還有，這些數據在以下的情況底下更會明顯地上漲：
01:49
if you happen to be black,
39
94000
2000
假如你是黑人，
01:51
if you happen to be poor,
40
96000
2000
或是家境貧困，
01:53
if you happen to exist in an overcrowded school.
41
98000
3000
或是在一所過於擁擠的學校上學。
01:57
And if you are a boy,
42
102000
2000
假如你是男生，
01:59
you're four times as likely
43
104000
2000
你有四倍以上的幾率
02:01
to be diagnosed with ADHD --
44
106000
2000
被判斷為有ADHD--
02:03
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
45
108000
3000
注意力不足過動症
02:06
Now there is another side to this.
46
111000
3000
凡事總得看兩面
02:09
And it is important that we recognize
47
114000
3000
我們必須接受的事實是
02:12
that women still need help in school,
48
117000
2000
女生在學校裡還需要幫助，
02:14
that salaries are still significantly lower,
49
119000
2000
她們的薪水還是相對地偏低，
02:16
even when controlled for job types,
50
121000
3000
即使經過工作類別的調整以後，
02:19
and that girls have continued to struggle
51
124000
2000
女生還在
02:21
in math and science for years.
52
126000
2000
數學和科學的科目持續地掙扎。
02:23
That's all true.
53
128000
2000
這些都是事實。
02:25
Nothing about that prevents us
54
130000
2000
沒有事情妨礙我們
02:27
from paying attention to the literacy needs
55
132000
2000
關注
02:29
of our boys between ages three and 13.
56
134000
2000
三到十三歲的男孩的讀寫能力
02:31
And so we should.
57
136000
2000
因此我們應該這麼做的。
02:33
In fact, what we ought to do is take a page from their playbook,
58
138000
3000
我們更該向她們學習
02:36
because the initiatives and programs
59
141000
2000
因為這些倡議和方案
02:38
that have been set in place
60
143000
2000
被建設
02:40
for women in science and engineering and mathematics
61
145000
2000
是為了針對女生在科學，工程學和數學的問題
02:42
are fantastic.
62
147000
2000
而且都是一流的。
02:44
They've done a lot of good
63
149000
2000
它們為了在這種情況的女生
02:46
for girls in these situations,
64
151000
2000
帶來很多好處。
02:48
and we ought to be thinking about
65
153000
2000
我們該想的是
02:50
how we can make that happen for boys too
66
155000
2000
我們能夠為男生作同樣的事情嗎？
02:52
in their younger years.
67
157000
2000
在年幼的時候製造這樣的機會嗎？
02:54
Even in their older years,
68
159000
2000
即使在他們長大以後
02:56
what we find is that there's still a problem.
69
161000
2000
我們還發現同樣的問題。
02:58
When we look at the universities,
70
163000
2000
讓我們來看看大學
03:00
60 percent of baccalaureate degrees are going to women now,
71
165000
3000
百分之六十的學士學位中為女性，
03:03
which is a significant shift.
72
168000
2000
這是一項明顯的改變。
03:05
And in fact, university administrators
73
170000
2000
大學的負責人
03:07
are a little uncomfortable about the idea
74
172000
2000
擔心
03:09
that we may be getting close to 70 percent
75
174000
2000
我們開始接近百分之七十的
03:11
female population in universities.
76
176000
2000
女生入學率。
03:13
This makes university administrators very nervous,
77
178000
3000
這讓大學的負責人非常的緊張，
03:16
because girls don't want to go to schools that don't have boys.
78
181000
3000
因為女生一般不希望到沒有男生的學校。
03:21
And so we're starting to see the establishment
79
186000
3000
我們也開始觀察到
03:24
of men centers and men studies
80
189000
2000
有男性中心和男性研究的科目的成立
03:26
to think about how do we engage men
81
191000
2000
讓我們研究我們該怎樣吸引男生
03:28
in their experiences in the university.
82
193000
2000
而把他們融入大學的生活。
03:30
If you talk to faculty, they may say,
83
195000
2000
假如你跟學院學人提及，他們也許會有這樣的反應，
03:32
"Ugh. Yeah, well, they're playing video games,
84
197000
3000
「唉，他們只顧著玩電子遊戲，
03:35
and they're gambling online all night long,
85
200000
3000
徹夜賭博，
03:38
and they're playing World of Warcraft,
86
203000
2000
玩魔獸世界
03:40
and that's affecting
87
205000
2000
就是這些影響著他們的
03:42
their academic achievement."
88
207000
3000
學業表現。」
03:45
Guess what?
89
210000
2000
其實呢
03:47
Video games are not the cause.
90
212000
2000
電子遊戲不是起因。
03:49
Video games are a symptom.
91
214000
2000
電子遊戲是一項症狀。
03:51
They were turned off a long time
92
216000
2000
他們失去興趣是很早以前
03:53
before they got here.
93
218000
3000
已經發生的事情。
03:56
So let's talk about why they got turned off
94
221000
2000
我們來討論一下他們為什麼會
03:58
when they were between the ages of three and 13.
95
223000
3000
在三到十三歲的階段開始喪失興趣。
04:01
There are three reasons that I believe
96
226000
2000
我認為有三大主因
04:03
that boys are out of sync
97
228000
2000
讓男孩跟
04:05
with the culture of schools today.
98
230000
2000
現在的學校文化脫節。
04:07
The first is zero tolerance.
99
232000
3000
第一是缺乏寬容的態度。
04:10
A kindergarten teacher I know,
100
235000
2000
我認識的一名幼稚園的老師，
04:12
her son donated all of his toys to her,
101
237000
3000
她的兒子把他所有的玩具都捐贈給她，
04:15
and when he did, she had to go through
102
240000
3000
他做完此舉，她還要檢查每一件玩具
04:18
and pull out all the little plastic guns.
103
243000
3000
把塑膠槍拔走。
04:22
You can't have plastic knives and swords and axes
104
247000
2000
塑膠刀、槍和斧
04:24
and all that kind of thing
105
249000
2000
等東西
04:26
in a kindergarten classroom.
106
251000
2000
是不允許帶到幼兒園裡的。
04:28
What is it that we're afraid that this young man is going to do with this gun?
107
253000
3000
我們到底為什麼會擔心這小孩拿著這支槍，他能幹嘛呢？
04:31
I mean, really.
108
256000
2000
真的。
04:33
But here he stands as testament
109
258000
3000
但這清楚的表示
04:36
to the fact that you can't roughhouse on the playground today.
110
261000
3000
今天你不能在遊樂園裡有任何比較粗暴的行為。
04:39
Now I'm not advocating for bullies.
111
264000
2000
我必需澄清，我不是倡議校園惡霸，
04:41
I'm not suggesting
112
266000
2000
我更不是提議
04:43
that we need to be allowing guns and knives into school.
113
268000
3000
我們需應批准人家把槍跟刀帶到校園裡。
04:46
But when we say
114
271000
2000
但當我們聽到
04:48
that an Eagle Scout in a high school classroom
115
273000
2000
有一名鷹級童子軍在高中學校裡
04:50
who has a locked parked car in the parking lot
116
275000
2000
因為停泊在停車場的，以鎖上的車子裡
04:52
and a penknife in it
117
277000
2000
有一支小刀
04:54
has to be suspended from school,
118
279000
2000
而因此被停學
04:56
I think we may have gone a little too far with zero tolerance.
119
281000
3000
我覺得我們的零寬容過火了。
04:59
Another way that zero tolerance lives itself out is in the writing of boys.
120
284000
3000
零寬容所造成的問題也在男孩子的作文裡出現。
05:02
In a lot of classrooms today
121
287000
2000
在很多的課堂裡
05:04
you're not allowed to write about anything that's violent.
122
289000
2000
你不能提及任何有暴力成分的東西。
05:06
You're not allowed to write about anything
123
291000
2000
也不能接觸任何關於
05:08
that has to do with video games -- these topics are banned.
124
293000
3000
電子遊戲的東西， 這些題目都是被禁的。
05:11
Boy comes home from school, and he says,
125
296000
2000
孩子下課回家說，
05:13
"I hate writing."
126
298000
2000
「我討厭作文。」
05:15
"Why do you hate writing, son? What's wrong with writing?"
127
300000
2000
「孩子，你為什麼討厭作文呢？作文有什麼問題嗎？」
05:17
"Now I have to write what she tells me to write."
128
302000
3000
「我要寫她希望我寫的東西。」
05:20
"Okay, what is she telling you to write?"
129
305000
3000
「好，那她要你寫什麼呢？」
05:23
"Poems. I have to write poems.
130
308000
2000
「詩詞，我要寫詩。
05:25
And little moments in my life.
131
310000
2000
和我生命中的點點滴滴。
05:27
I don't want to write that stuff."
132
312000
2000
我對那些事情沒興趣。」
05:29
"All right. Well, what do you want to write? What do you want to write about?"
133
314000
3000
「好，那你要寫些什麼呢？你對什麼有興趣?」
05:32
"I want to write about video games. I want to write about leveling-up.
134
317000
3000
「我要寫關於電子遊戲的，我要寫升級的方法。」
05:35
I want to write about this really interesting world.
135
320000
2000
我要寫跟這世界有關的趣事。
05:37
I want to write about a tornado that comes into our house
136
322000
3000
我要寫到有一場大颶風打到我們家
05:40
and blows all the windows out
137
325000
2000
把所有的窗戶吹破了
05:42
and ruins all the furniture and kills everybody."
138
327000
2000
摧毀了家裡所有的家具,然後所有的人都死了。」
05:44
"All right. Okay."
139
329000
2000
「嗯。好的。」
05:46
You tell a teacher that,
140
331000
2000
你跟任何一名老師這樣說
05:48
and they'll ask you, in all seriousness,
141
333000
3000
他們會認真的問你，
05:51
"Should we send this child to the psychologist?"
142
336000
3000
「我們需要把這孩子送到心理醫生那裡嗎？」
05:54
And the answer is no, he's just a boy.
143
339000
3000
答案是不用，他只是一個男孩。
05:57
He's just a little boy.
144
342000
3000
他不過是一名小男孩。
06:00
It's not okay to write these kinds of things
145
345000
2000
今天，課堂裡是不允許
06:02
in classrooms today.
146
347000
2000
寫樣的東西的。
06:04
So that's the first reason:
147
349000
2000
那是第一個原因
06:06
zero tolerance policies and the way they're lived out.
148
351000
2000
零寬容的政策和它們實踐的方式。
06:08
The next reason that boys' cultures are out of sync with school cultures:
149
353000
3000
下一個導致男生文化跟學校脫節的原因是：
06:11
there are fewer male teachers.
150
356000
2000
學校缺乏男性老師。
06:13
Anybody who's over 15 doesn't know what this means,
151
358000
3000
任何超過十五歲的人都不會明白我的意思，
06:16
because in the last 10 years,
152
361000
2000
因為在過去的十年裡
06:18
the number of elementary school classroom teachers
153
363000
2000
小學老師的數目
06:20
has been cut in half.
154
365000
2000
被砍了一半。
06:22
We went from 14 percent
155
367000
2000
我們從百分之十四
06:24
to seven percent.
156
369000
2000
降到百分之七。
06:26
That means that 93 percent of the teachers
157
371000
2000
也就是說明百分之九十三的
06:28
that our young men get in elementary classrooms
158
373000
2000
教授男孩子的小學老師
06:30
are women.
159
375000
2000
是女性。
06:32
Now what's the problem with this?
160
377000
2000
這構成什麼樣的問題呢？
06:34
Women are great. Yep, absolutely.
161
379000
2000
女性很偉大。對，絕對認同。
06:36
But male role models for boys
162
381000
3000
但男性的典範
06:39
that say it's all right to be smart --
163
384000
2000
讓他們接受聰明是好的
06:41
they've got dads, they've got pastors,
164
386000
2000
他們有父親，有牧者
06:43
they've got Cub Scout leaders,
165
388000
2000
有童子軍的首領
06:45
but ultimately, six hours a day, five days a week
166
390000
3000
但最終，每天六個小時，每星期五次
06:48
they're spending in a classroom,
167
393000
2000
他們都是在課堂裡度過的。
06:50
and most of those classrooms
168
395000
2000
大部分的課堂
06:52
are not places where men exist.
169
397000
2000
是沒有男性的地方。
06:54
And so they say, I guess this really isn't a place for boys.
170
399000
3000
他們也就會想，這應該不是男生的地方。
06:57
This is a place for girls.
171
402000
2000
這是女生的地方。
06:59
And I'm not very good at this,
172
404000
2000
我這方面不是很強，
07:01
so I guess I'd better
173
406000
2000
也許我該
07:03
go play video games or get into sports, or something like that,
174
408000
3000
去玩電玩，運動，或其他類似的活動，
07:06
because I obviously don't belong here.
175
411000
2000
因為我明顯的不屬於這裡。
07:08
Men don't belong here, that's pretty obvious.
176
413000
2000
很明顯的，男生不該在這裡。
07:10
So that may be a very direct way
177
415000
2000
那是一個能讓我們直接
07:12
that we see it happen.
178
417000
2000
看到的情況。
07:14
But less directly,
179
419000
2000
比較間接的，
07:16
the lack of male presence in the culture --
180
421000
3000
就是缺乏了男性的影響力－
07:19
you've got a teachers' lounge,
181
424000
2000
你在教師休息室裡，
07:21
and they're having a conversation
182
426000
2000
老師們在交頭接耳地討論
07:23
about Joey and Johnny who beat each other up on the playground.
183
428000
3000
Joey跟Johnny打架的經過。
07:26
"What are we going to do with these boys?"
184
431000
2000
「這些男孩這樣我們該怎麼辦?」
07:28
The answer to that question changes depending on who's sitting around that table.
185
433000
3000
這個問題的答案會隨著參與討論的成員而改變。
07:31
Are there men around that table?
186
436000
2000
參與討論的成員中有男性嗎？
07:33
Are there moms who've raised boys around that table?
187
438000
3000
有撫養這些孩子成人的媽媽嗎？
07:36
You'll see, the conversation changes
188
441000
2000
你會發現話題會隨著
07:38
depending upon who's sitting around the table.
189
443000
2000
參與討論的成員而改變。
07:40
Third reason that boys are out of sync with school today:
190
445000
3000
男孩子跟學校脫節的第三個原因是：
07:43
kindergarten is the old second grade, folks.
191
448000
3000
幼稚園已經變成二年級了。
07:46
We have a serious compression of the curriculum happening out there.
192
451000
3000
課程壓縮的是一個很嚴重的情況。
07:50
When you're three, you better be able to write your name legibly,
193
455000
2000
到你三歲的時候，你應該能夠好好的書寫你的名字，
07:52
or else we'll consider it a developmental delay.
194
457000
3000
要不然我們回把它當成發育障礙。
07:55
By the time you're in first grade,
195
460000
2000
你到一年級的時候，
07:57
you should be able to read paragraphs of text
196
462000
3000
你應該能夠順利閱讀整段文字，
08:00
with maybe a picture, maybe not,
197
465000
2000
不管有沒有圖畫的，
08:02
in a book of maybe 25 to 30 pages.
198
467000
2000
二十到三十頁厚的書。
08:04
If you don't, we're probably going to be putting you
199
469000
2000
如果你不成功的話，我們會把你調到
08:06
into a Title 1 special reading program.
200
471000
2000
Title 1的特別閱讀課程。
08:08
And if you ask Title 1 teachers, they'll tell you
201
473000
2000
假如你問Title 1的老師，他們會跟你說，
08:10
they've got about four or five boys for every girl that's in their program,
202
475000
3000
他們班裡的男女比例是四到五名男孩對一名女孩，
08:13
in the elementary grades.
203
478000
2000
這是小學的情況。
08:15
The reason that this is a problem
204
480000
3000
這是一個問題
08:18
is because the message that boys are getting
205
483000
3000
因為男孩所接受到的訊息是，
08:21
is "you need to do
206
486000
2000
「你每次都需要
08:23
what the teacher asks you to do all the time."
207
488000
3000
按照老師的意思去做。」
08:26
The teacher's salary depends
208
491000
3000
那老師的薪水是按照
08:29
on "No Child Left Behind" and "Race to the Top"
209
494000
2000
『沒有孩子被留下』 和『競爭往上』
08:31
and accountability and testing
210
496000
2000
的責任和測試制度
08:33
and all of this.
211
498000
2000
和這裡的一切。
08:35
So she has to figure out a way
212
500000
2000
所以她必須
08:37
to get all these boys through this curriculum --
213
502000
3000
想辦法讓這些男孩成功的通過這個課程 －
08:40
and girls.
214
505000
2000
女孩也是。
08:42
This compressed curriculum is bad
215
507000
2000
這樣的壓縮課程是對
08:44
for all active kids.
216
509000
3000
所有活躍的孩子很不利的。
08:47
And what happens is,
217
512000
2000
接著發生的是，
08:49
she says, "Please, sit down,
218
514000
3000
她會說，「請坐下來，
08:52
be quiet, do what you're told, follow the rules,
219
517000
3000
安安靜靜的，聽話的，按規矩
08:55
manage your time, focus,
220
520000
2000
安排好你的時間，集中精神，
08:57
be a girl."
221
522000
2000
做一名女生。」
08:59
That's what she tells them.
222
524000
2000
那是她跟他們說的話.
09:01
Indirectly, that's what she tells them.
223
526000
3000
那是她話裡背後的含義。
09:04
And so this is a very serious problem. Where is it coming from?
224
529000
2000
這是一個很嚴重的問題。這問題是從那裡來的？
09:06
It's coming from us.
225
531000
2000
是從我們而來的。
09:08
(Laughter)
226
533000
3000
【笑聲】
09:11
We want our babies to read when they are six months old.
227
536000
3000
我們希望我們的嬰兒在六個月大的時候開始閱讀。
09:14
Have you seen the ads?
228
539000
2000
你看過廣告嗎？
09:16
We want to live in Lake Wobegon
229
541000
2000
我們希望住在沒問題湖
09:18
where every child is above average,
230
543000
3000
那裡每個孩子都是中等以上的。
09:21
but what this does to our children is really not healthy.
231
546000
3000
但這對於孩子來說是不健康的
09:24
It's not developmentally appropriate,
232
549000
2000
尤其是在成長發展的角度來說是不適合的，
09:26
and it's particularly bad for boys.
233
551000
2000
尤其對男孩構成特別大的傷害，
09:28
So what do we do?
234
553000
2000
我們應該怎麼做？
09:30
We need to meet them where they are.
235
555000
2000
我們需要到他們的地方去迎接他們。
09:32
We need to put ourselves into boy culture.
236
557000
3000
我們必須把自己放到男孩的世界裡。
09:35
We need to change the mindset
237
560000
3000
我們需要改變的是小學裡
09:38
of acceptance in boys in elementary schools.
238
563000
3000
接受男孩子的思想模式。
09:42
More specifically, we can do some very specific things.
239
567000
3000
我們需要做一些很具體的事情。
09:45
We can design better games.
240
570000
2000
我們要設計更好的遊戲。
09:47
Most of the educational games that are out there today
241
572000
2000
現在市面上的教育遊戲大多都是
09:49
are really flashcards.
242
574000
2000
燒錄卡
09:51
They're glorified drill and practice.
243
576000
2000
那其實不過是操練和練習。
09:53
They don't have the depth, the rich narrative
244
578000
3000
它們缺乏深度，缺乏故事性，
09:56
that really engaging video games have,
245
581000
2000
跟吸引男生的遊戲
09:58
that the boys are really interested in.
246
583000
2000
不同。
10:00
So we need to design better games.
247
585000
2000
所以我們必須設計更好的遊戲。
10:02
We need to talk to teachers and parents
248
587000
2000
我們要跟老師和家長好好的溝通
10:04
and school board members and politicians.
249
589000
2000
也跟校董會成員和政治家溝通。
10:06
We need to make sure that people see that we need more men in the classroom.
250
591000
3000
我們必須讓他們明白我們的學校裡需要更多的男性。
10:09
We need to look carefully at our zero tolerance policies.
251
594000
2000
我們必須仔細的檢閱我們的零容忍制度。
10:11
Do they make sense?
252
596000
2000
他們合理嗎？
10:13
We need to think about
253
598000
2000
我們要想想
10:15
how to uncompress this curriculum if we can,
254
600000
3000
該怎樣把學校課程減壓
10:18
trying to bring boys back into a space
255
603000
2000
把男孩子帶回一個
10:20
that is comfortable for them.
256
605000
2000
適合他們的空間。
10:22
All of those conversations need to be happening.
257
607000
2000
這些討論都必需進行。
10:24
There are some great examples out there
258
609000
2000
外界有很多好的
10:26
of schools --
259
611000
2000
學校的例子 －
10:28
the New York Times just talked about a school recently.
260
613000
2000
紐約時報最近報導
10:30
A game designer from the New School
261
615000
3000
一所新學校的遊戲設計員
10:33
put together a wonderful video gaming school.
262
618000
3000
設計了一所美妙的電子遊戲學校。
10:36
But it only treats a few kids,
263
621000
3000
但這所學校只能接納幾名小孩，
10:39
and so this isn't very scalable.
264
624000
2000
不是一個能延展的計畫。
10:41
We have to change the culture and the feelings
265
626000
2000
我們需要改變的文化和情緒
10:43
that politicians and school board members and parents have
266
628000
3000
就是政治家，校董會和家長
10:46
about the way we accept and what we accept
267
631000
2000
對於在學校裡
10:48
in our schools today.
268
633000
2000
能接受的事物的方法和條件。
10:51
We need to find more money for game design.
269
636000
2000
我們需要投入更多的資源到遊戲設計。
10:53
Because good games, really good games, cost money,
270
638000
2000
因為好的遊戲，真正好的遊戲，是需要錢的，
10:55
and World of Warcraft has quite a budget.
271
640000
2000
魔獸世界就有很大的預算。
10:57
Most of the educational games do not.
272
642000
2000
大部分的教育遊戲卻是沒有的。
10:59
Where we started:
273
644000
2000
我們的起點：
11:01
my colleagues -- Mike Petner, Shawn Vashaw, myself --
274
646000
3000
我的同事－Mike Petner, Shawn Vashaw和我
11:04
we started by trying to look at the teachers' attitudes
275
649000
2000
我們開始時是要研究老師的態度
11:06
and find out how do they really feel about gaming,
276
651000
2000
明白他們對電子遊戲的感覺
11:08
what do they say about it.
277
653000
2000
和意見。
11:10
And we discovered
278
655000
2000
我們發現
11:12
that they talk about the kids in their school,
279
657000
2000
當他們提及學校裡
11:14
who talk about gaming,
280
659000
2000
討論打電動的孩子時，
11:16
in pretty demeaning ways.
281
661000
2000
都是用有貶意的態度來對待。
11:18
They say, "Oh, yeah. They're always talking about that stuff.
282
663000
3000
他們會說，「對。他們總是不停地在討論那些事情.
11:21
They're talking about their little action figures
283
666000
2000
他們在討論他們的小卡通人物
11:23
and their little achievements or merit badges,
284
668000
3000
他們的小戰果或徽章，
11:26
or whatever it is that they get.
285
671000
2000
或他們能拿到手的東西，
11:28
And they're always talking about this stuff."
286
673000
2000
他們總是不停的討論著這些事情。」
11:30
And they say these things as if it's okay.
287
675000
2000
他們這樣說好像這樣說是沒事的。
11:32
But if it were your culture,
288
677000
2000
但假如那是你的文化
11:34
think of how that might feel.
289
679000
2000
試想像那感受會是怎樣。
11:36
It's very uncomfortable to be on the receiving end
290
681000
2000
接受這樣的批評
11:38
of that kind of language.
291
683000
2000
是讓人很不好受的。
11:40
They're nervous about anything
292
685000
2000
任何跟暴力可以扯上關係的事情
11:42
that has anything to do with violence
293
687000
2000
都會讓他們感到非常的緊張
11:44
because of the zero tolerance policies.
294
689000
2000
這全都是因為零容忍的政策。
11:46
They are sure that parents and administrators will never accept anything.
295
691000
3000
它們非常肯定家長和學校負責人都不會接受任何事情。
11:49
So we really need to think about looking at teacher attitudes
296
694000
3000
因此我們應該鄭重的探討老師們的態度
11:52
and finding ways to change the attitudes
297
697000
3000
找方法去改變他們的態度
11:55
so that teachers are much more open
298
700000
2000
讓老師們能更開放的
11:57
and accepting of boy cultures in their classrooms.
299
702000
3000
更勇於接受男孩的文化在他們的課堂裡出現。
12:00
Because, ultimately, if we don't,
300
705000
2000
我們如果沒有行動的話，
12:02
then we're going to have boys who leave elementary school saying,
301
707000
3000
就會導致一群離開小學的男孩說，
12:05
"Well I guess that was just a place for girls.
302
710000
2000
「那是一個只適合女生的地方
12:07
It wasn't for me.
303
712000
2000
並不適合我。
12:09
So I've got to do gaming, or I've got to do sports."
304
714000
3000
看來我要不是玩電玩，就是玩運動。」
12:12
If we change these things, if we pay attention to these things,
305
717000
3000
假如我們改變著一切，把精神投放在這些事情，
12:15
and we re-engage boys in their learning,
306
720000
2000
重新吸引男生去學習
12:17
they will leave the elementary schools saying, "I'm smart."
307
722000
3000
他們就能在小學畢業時說，「我是聰明的。」
12:20
Thank you.
308
725000
2000
謝謝
12:22
(Applause)
309
727000
2000
【掌聲】
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ali Carr-Chellman - Instructional designerAli Carr-Chellman is an instructional designer and author who studies the most effective ways to teach kids and to make changes at school.
Why you should listen
A former third-grade teacher, Ali Carr-Chellman realized that traditional elementary classrooms weren't for her, in part because she was frustrated by the lack of innovation, agility, and readiness to change in traditional schools. She's now an instructional designer, author and educator, working on how to change and innovate within schools to make education work better for more kids. She teaches at Penn State University in the College of Education, working primarily with doctoral-level students to help produce the next generation of faculty with inspired research ideas and methods. Carr-Chellman also teaches online courses focused on helping practicing teachers learn how to improve their own instructional design practices and how to improve their classrooms.
Her recent research projects include "Bring Back the Boys," looking at ways gaming can be used to re-engage boys in their elementary education. Another projects asks prisoners and homeless people to think about how to reform schools, bringing new voices to the policy-making table.
Ali Carr-Chellman | Speaker | TED.com