Carl Safina: What are animals thinking and feeling?
كارل سافينا: ما الذي يُفكّر فيه الحيوانات وكيف يشعرون؟
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio
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what animals think and feel?
أو يشعرون به؟
or does she just want a treat?
أم هي فقط تُحبّ اعتنائي بها؟
that our dog really loves us,
do they love us?
to ask animals.
الحيوانات.
only of the human mind.
doing with those brains?
بتلك الأدمغة؟
we can look at their brains
بإمكاننا النظر لأدمغتهم
our brain is inherited.
ورثنا أدمغتنا.
كانت من قنديل البحر.
to the first chordates.
أساس الحبليات الأولى.
to the first vertebrates.
a nerve cell, looks the same
هي نفسها
about the minds of crayfish?
if you give a crayfish
جراد البحر
to come out of its burrow,
لمعالجة هذا الاضطراب،
we care about crayfish anxiety?
جراد البحر؟
as well as do most apes
كما هو الحال بالنسبة للقردة
intelligence of this invertebrate?
لهذه اللافقاريات؟
into a crevice in the coral,
بثغرة في المرجان،
a moray eel is sleeping
تنام به المورايية
to the moray, "Follow me,"
and get the fish,
لتفتك بالسمكة،
and the grouper may get it.
ويمكن أن تحصل عليها القُشر.
have just recently found out about.
that ancient partnership?
a lot more about us
ويقول الكثير بشأننا
from what they're doing
which is called teaching.
وهو ما يُسمّى التعليم.
and killer whales share food.
وتتقاسم الطعام.
in stock, off the shelf,
الأجزاء المُخزّنة، المُتوفّرة،
of the deep sweep of time.
compared to a chimpanzee brain,
بعقل الشمبانزي،
a very big chimpanzee brain.
ولكن بحجم كبير.
because we're also really insecure.
لأننا أيضًا حقًا غير آمنين.
all right, well, we see brains,
نحن نرى أدمغة،
have to say about minds?
من الراحة.
under the palm trees
تحت النخيل
of what they're doing
on the same plains,
of the same dangers,
لنفس الخطر؟
and we became who we are.
ونحن أصبحنا ما نحن عليه.
these elephants as being relaxed.
بأن هؤلاء الفيلة في وضع استرخاء.
concerned about something.
بخصوص شيء ما.
the voices of tourists
from a speaker hidden in bushes,
مخبأ بالأدغال،
because tourists never bother elephants.
لأن السياح لا يُزعجون الفيلة.
in confrontations at water holes,
في مواجهات في المياه،
and run away from the hidden speaker.
وتهرب من مكبر الصوت المُخبأ.
that there are humans,
كائنات بشرية،
different kinds of humans,
أنواع من الكائنات البشرية،
and some are dangerous.
ومن هم خطرون.
than we have been watching them.
find food, try to stay alive.
ونُحاول البقاء على قيد الحياة.
in the hills of Africa
على تلال أفريقيا
we are basically the same.
نحن نعتمد نفس الأساس.
يكون هناك حاجة للمساعدة.
it makes you unconscious,
هذا يجعلك غير واعٍ،
no sensation of anything.
the thing that feels like something.
هو إحساسك بالشيء.
if you're aware of anything,
أو على علم بأي شيء.
that make humans humans,
to match moods with your companions.
الحالات المزاجية مع أصدقائك.
you need to hurry up.
is contagious fear.
هو الخوف المعدي.
startle and fly away,
وهروبهم،
like everything else in life,
مثل أي شيء في الحياة،
and has its elaboration.
you feel sad, it makes me sad.
أنت تشعر بالحزن، هذا يجعلني حزينًا.
that I call sympathy,
الشفقة،
has just passed away.
but I get it; I know what you feel
ذلك، أنا أعرف ما تشعر به
to act on sympathy,
للتظاهر بالشفقة،
that makes us human,
عن الكمال.
we kill them and we eat them.
نقتلها ونأكلها.
well, those are different species.
حسنا، تلك أنواع مختلفة.
and humans are predators.
والبشر مفترسون.
too well either.
only one thing about animal behavior
شيئًا واحدًا حول سلوك الحيوان
human thoughts and emotions
أفكار البشر وعواطفهم
and emotions to other species
إلى أصناف أخرى
they're doing and how they're feeling,
وكيف يشعرون،
are basically the same as ours.
هي مثل أدمغتنا.
mood and motivation in us
في مزاجنا وتحفيزنا
are hungry when they're hunting
عندما يصطادون
their tongues are hanging out,
خارج أفواههم،
with their children
be experiencing anything.
يختبرون أي شيء.
that other animals can think and feel?"
الأخرى يمكنها أن تُفكّر وتشعر؟"
through all the hundreds
that I put in my book
was right in the room with me.
and comes over to me --
وتتوجّه نحوي --
and exposes her belly,
وتكشف عن بطنها،
"I would like my belly rubbed.
"أريد أن يفرك بطني.
because we're family.
لأننا عائلة.
and it will feel good."
وسيشعرني ذلك بالراحة."
more complicated than that.
and we say, "Oh look, killer whales,
"أوه، اُنظر حيتان قاتلة،
L41.
we create an awful lot of it.
بالحزن، بل نخلق الكثير منه.
of the Mediterranean Sea
البحر الأبيض المتوسط
strongholds of elephant range
لمجموعات من الفيلة
into little shards.
إلى شظايا صغيرة.
that we are driving to extinction,
انقراضه،
magnificent creature on land.
of our wildlife in the United States.
للحياة البرية في الولايات المتحدة.
we killed every single wolf.
قتلنا كل ذئب أعزب.
south of the Canadian border, actually.
الحدود الكندية، في الواقع.
did that in the 1920s,
سنة 1920،
they had to bring them back,
إعادة جلبهم،
had gotten out of control.
عن السيطرة.
to see the wolves,
الذئاب،
visible wolves in the world.
ويمكن رؤيتها.
this incredible family of wolves.
المدهشة من الذئاب.
and the young of several generations.
وعدد من الصغار من أجيال مختلفة.
pack in Yellowstone National Park.
بحديقة يلوستون الوطنية.
just outside the border,
الأحيان "الأنثى المتسلطة"
descended into sibling rivalry.
إلى التنافس الأخوي.
to rejoin her family.
الالتحاق بعائلتها على مدار أيام.
because they were jealous of her.
يشعرون بالغيرة تُجاهها.
from two new males,
من قبل ذكرين جديدين،
outside the park and getting shot.
والتعرض لإطلاق نار.
being ejected from his own family.
بطرده من قبل عائلته.
his hunting support,
وركيزة صيده،
they hurt us more than they do?
أكثر مما يقومون به؟
part of a grey whale
أكل جزء من الحوت الرمادي
who had killed that whale.
had nothing at all to fear.
لم يكن لديهم أي داع للخوف على الإطلاق.
into three pieces with two companions.
مع صديقين.
as the people in the boat.
وزن الأشخاص بالقارب.
to researchers lost in thick fog
ضائعين في الضباب
was right there on the shoreline?
named Denise Herzing,
دينيس هرزنغ.
and they know her.
ويعرفونها.
She knows who they all are.
هي تعرفهم من هم.
They recognize the research boat.
يعرفون قارب البحوث الخاص بها.
it's a big happy reunion.
فإنه اجتماع كبير تنبثق منه السعادة.
didn't want to come near the boat,
ولكن لم يقتربوا من القارب،
what was going on
ما الذي يجري
من على ظهر السفينة
of the people onboard had died
الذي كان على متن السفينة
that one of the human hearts
أن قلب الإنسان
all of the things that are going on
إلى الأشياء التي تجري الآن
على الأرض
dolphin named Dolly.
اسمه دولي.
a keeper took a cigarette break
أخذ الحارس استراحة لتدخين سيجارة
into their pool, smoking.
nursed for a minute or two,
أو دقيقتين،
that enveloped her head like smoke.
مثل الدخان.
to represent smoke.
لتمثيل الدخان.
to represent another,
لتمثيل شيء آخر،
that we think make us human.
إنسانيين.
and their minds have,
ولديهم بعقولهم،
that has ever been on this planet,
على هذه الأرض،
all jumbled up together.
that makes us human.
who care about our mates.
who care about our children.
sometimes ten thousand miles
وأحيانًا عشرة آلاف ميل
one meal, one big meal,
وجبة واحدة، وجبة واحدة كبيرة،
in the oceans of the world,
النائية من العالم،
to the next is the chain of being.
هي سلسلة الوجود.
and into that sacred relationship
فهذا هو، وفيما يتعلق بتلك العلاقة المقدسة،
have plastic in them now.
ready to fledge --
في طور إنبات الريش --
we are supposed to have
أن تكون
ourselves after our brains,
أدمغة،
human life into the world,
إلى العالم،
into the company of other creatures.
مخلوقات أُخرى.
that we are not alone.
لسنا لوحدنا.
in every painting of Noah's ark,
من سفينة نوح،
is in mortal danger now,
هو في خطر مُحدق الآن،
let them continue?
المجال للمتابعة.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writerCarl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature.
Why you should listen
Carl Safina explores how the ocean is changing and what those changes mean for wildlife and for people.
Safina is author of seven books, including Song for the Blue Ocean, which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, Eye of the Albatross, Voyage of the Turtle and The View From Lazy Point. Safina is founding president of The Safina Center at Stony Brook University, where he also co-chairs the University's Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science. A winner of the 2012 Orion Award and a MacArthur Prize, among others, his work has been featured in outlets such as The New York Times, National Geographic, CNN.com and The Huffington Post, and he hosts “Saving the Ocean” on PBS.
His latest book, Beyond Words: What Animals Think And Feel, explores the inner lives of animals.
Carl Safina | Speaker | TED.com