Carl Safina: What are animals thinking and feeling?
Karls Safīna: Ko domā un jūt dzīvnieki?
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio
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what animals think and feel?
ko domā un jūt dzīvnieki?
or does she just want a treat?
vai tikai grib kārumu?
that our dog really loves us,
ka mūsu suņi mūs patiešām mīl.
pūkainajā galviņā, vai ne?
do they love us?
vai viņi mīl mūs?
to ask animals.
ko uzdot dzīvniekiem.
only of the human mind.
tikai par cilvēka prātam piemītošām.
doing with those brains?
we can look at their brains
mēs varam pētīt to smadzenes,
our brain is inherited.
ka mūsu smadzenes ir mantotas.
to the first chordates.
to the first vertebrates.
ir cēlušies pirmie mugurkaulnieki.
a nerve cell, looks the same
tieši tāds pats vēzī, putnā un jūsos.
about the minds of crayfish?
daudziem sīkiem elektrošokiem
if you give a crayfish
to come out of its burrow,
iznākt no savas alas,
trauksmi cilvēkiem,
we care about crayfish anxiety?
cik ļoti mums rūp vēžu trauksme?
as well as do most apes
tāpat kā vairums pērtiķu,
intelligence of this invertebrate?
ar pērtiķim līdzvērtīgo saprātu?
into a crevice in the coral,
koraļļu spraugā,
a moray eel is sleeping
kur mitinās jūras zutis –
to the moray, "Follow me,"
and get the fish,
and the grouper may get it.
un to var dabūt asaris.
have just recently found out about.
esam uzzinājuši pavisam nesen.
that ancient partnership?
a lot more about us
nekā par viņiem.
from what they're doing
lai veltītu laiku mazuļiem,
which is called teaching.
to sauc par mācīšanu.
and killer whales share food.
un zobenvaļi dalās ar ēdienu.
in stock, off the shelf,
kas tai jau ir pieejams,
of the deep sweep of time.
compared to a chimpanzee brain,
ar šimpanzes smadzenēm,
a very big chimpanzee brain.
ļoti lielas šimpanzes smadzenes.
because we're also really insecure.
esam arī ļoti nepārliecināti par sevi.
un ar vairāk krokām.
all right, well, we see brains,
bet ko tas atklāj par prātu?”
have to say about minds?
under the palm trees
of what they're doing
on the same plains,
zem šīs pašas saules,
of the same dangers,
and we became who we are.
un mēs kļuvām par tiem, kas esam tagad.
these elephants as being relaxed.
ka šie ziloņi ir atslābuši.
concerned about something.
ir ļoti noraizējušies.
the voices of tourists
from a speaker hidden in bushes,
krūmos paslēpts skaļrunis,
because tourists never bother elephants.
jo tūristi ziloņus nekad netraucē.
kuriem ir šķēpi
in confrontations at water holes,
sastopot tos pie ūdenstilpnēm,
and run away from the hidden speaker.
no paslēptā skaļruņa.
that there are humans,
different kinds of humans,
and some are dangerous.
than we have been watching them.
nekā mēs esam vērojuši tos.
nekā mēs pazīstam tos.
find food, try to stay alive.
atrast ēdienu, mēģināt palikt dzīviem.
in the hills of Africa
pārgājieniem Āfrikas kalnos,
we are basically the same.
mēs būtībā esam tādi paši.
kur tā ir vajadzīga.
ir uzmanības izrādīšana.
„Vai viņiem piemīt apziņa?”
it makes you unconscious,
jums zūd apziņa,
no sensation of anything.
the thing that feels like something.
kad kaut ko jūtat.
if you're aware of anything,
ja apzināties jebko,
un viņiem piemīt apziņa.
kas padara cilvēkus par cilvēkiem,
that make humans humans,
to match moods with your companions.
pieskaņoties biedru garastāvoklim.
you need to hurry up.
is contagious fear.
ir lipīgas bailes.
startle and fly away,
un paceļas spārnos,
like everything else in life,
tāpat kā visam citam dzīvē ir gradācija
and has its elaboration.
you feel sad, it makes me sad.
tu esi noskumis, tas skumdina mani,
tas dara laimīgu mani.
that I call sympathy,
ko es dēvēju par līdzjūtību,
has just passed away.
tava vecmāmiņa.
but I get it; I know what you feel
to act on sympathy,
that makes us human,
kas mūs padara par cilvēkiem,
we kill them and we eat them.
mēs tās nogalinām un apēdam.
well, those are different species.
"Bet tās ir citas sugas.
and humans are predators.
un cilvēki ir plēsēji."
too well either.
arī pret saviem sugas brāļiem.
uzvedību zina tikai vienu,
only one thing about animal behavior
cilvēka domas un emocijas.
human thoughts and emotions
and emotions to other species
piedēvēšana citām sugām
they're doing and how they're feeling,
ko viņi dara un kā jūtas,
are basically the same as ours.
tādas pašas kā mūsējās.
mood and motivation in us
garastāvokli un motivāciju mūsos,
are hungry when they're hunting
ka tie ir izsalkuši, kad medī,
their tongues are hanging out,
with their children
ar saviem mazuļiem
be experiencing anything.
vai tie ir spējīgi kaut ko just.
that other animals can think and feel?"
ka citi dzīvnieki spēj domāt un just?”
through all the hundreds
zinātnisko atsauču savā grāmatā,
that I put in my book
was right in the room with me.
ir turpat istabā ar mani.
and comes over to me --
un pienāk pie manis
and exposes her belly,
atsedzot savu vēderu,
"I would like my belly rubbed.
„Es gribu, lai man pakasa vēderu.
because we're family.
jo mēs esam ģimene.
and it will feel good."
more complicated than that.
and we say, "Oh look, killer whales,
citus dzīvniekus un sakām:
we create an awful lot of it.
mēs tās arī sasodīti daudz radām.
līdz tie nomirst?
of the Mediterranean Sea
strongholds of elephant range
un Austrumāfrikas apgabalos.
into little shards.
ir saskaldīti mazos gabaliņos.
that we are driving to extinction,
ko mēs dzenam iznīcībā,
magnificent creature on land.
radībai uz sauszemes.
of our wildlife in the United States.
protams, rūpējamies daudz labāk.
we killed every single wolf.
mēs iznīcinājām visus vilkus.
south of the Canadian border, actually.
uz dienvidiem no Kanādas robežas.
did that in the 1920s,
to izdarīja 1920. gados,
mums tos vajadzēja dabūt atpakaļ,
they had to bring them back,
had gotten out of control.
bija nekontrolējami pieaudzis.
to see the wolves,
lai redzētu vilkus –
visible wolves in the world.
this incredible family of wolves.
šo pārsteidzošo vilku baru.
and the young of several generations.
un vairāku paaudžu mazuļi.
pack in Yellowstone National Park.
slavenāko un pastāvīgāko baru.
just outside the border,
mazliet ārpus parka robežas,
descended into sibling rivalry.
sacensība māsu un brāļu starpā.
to rejoin her family.
atkal pievienoties savai ģimenei.
because they were jealous of her.
no diviem jauniem tēviņiem,
from two new males,
outside the park and getting shot.
aiz parka robežām, un viņu nošāva.
being ejected from his own family.
padzina viņa paša ģimene.
his hunting support,
savu medību atbalstu,
they hurt us more than they do?
mums nedara pāri vairāk.
part of a grey whale
ar gabalu pelēkā vaļa
who had killed that whale.
kas to bija nomedījuši.
had nothing at all to fear.
itin nekā, no kā baidīties.
into three pieces with two companions.
ir saplēsis trijos gabalos roni –
as the people in the boat.
tikpat daudz, cik cilvēki laivā.
savu mazuļu tuvumā?
to researchers lost in thick fog
kas nomaldījušies biezā miglā,
was right there on the shoreline?
vārdā Denīze Hērzinga –
named Denise Herzing,
un tie viņu pazīst.
and they know her.
She knows who they all are.
Viņa zina tos visus.
They recognize the research boat.
Tie atpazīst viņas laivu.
laimīga atkalredzēšanās.
it's a big happy reunion.
didn't want to come near the boat,
kad tie negribēja tuvoties laivai.
what was going on
līdz kāds uznāca uz klāja
uz kuģa miegā nomiris.
of the people onboard had died
that one of the human hearts
all of the things that are going on
ļauj vien nojaust
kas kopā ar mums mīt uz Zemes
gandrīz nekad neiedomājamies.
dolphin named Dolly.
mazulis vārdā Dollija.
a keeper took a cigarette break
into their pool, smoking.
caur logu lūkojās delfīnu baseinā.
un paskatījās uz viņu,
nursed for a minute or two,
pazīda minūti vai divas,
that enveloped her head like smoke.
kas kā dūmi ietina viņas galvu.
to represent smoke.
izmantot pienu, lai atainotu dūmus.
to represent another,
citas atainošanai,
that we think make us human.
ka tas mūs par tiem padara.
and their minds have,
that has ever been on this planet,
kādi jelkad dzīvojuši uz šīs planētas,
all jumbled up together.
that makes us human.
kas padara mūs par cilvēkiem.
who care about our mates.
par saviem dzīvesbiedriem.
who care about our children.
kas rūpējas par saviem bērniem.
sometimes ten thousand miles
reizēm piecpadsmit tūkstošus kilometru
one meal, one big meal,
vienu maltīti, vienu lielu maltīti
in the oceans of the world,
pasaules okeānu salās,
to the next is the chain of being.
nākamajai ir esības ķēde.
and into that sacred relationship
mūsu plastmasas atkritumi.
have plastic in them now.
ready to fledge --
gatavs nomest bērna spalvu –
we are supposed to have
nevajadzēja būt šādām.
ourselves after our brains,
par godu savam saprātam,
human life into the world,
into the company of other creatures.
pievienoties citām radībām.
that we are not alone.
lai parādītu, ka neesam vieni.
in every painting of Noah's ark,
ikvienā Noasa šķirsta zīmējumā
is in mortal danger now,
izmantot to, kas mums dots,
let them continue?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writerCarl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature.
Why you should listen
Carl Safina explores how the ocean is changing and what those changes mean for wildlife and for people.
Safina is author of seven books, including Song for the Blue Ocean, which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, Eye of the Albatross, Voyage of the Turtle and The View From Lazy Point. Safina is founding president of The Safina Center at Stony Brook University, where he also co-chairs the University's Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science. A winner of the 2012 Orion Award and a MacArthur Prize, among others, his work has been featured in outlets such as The New York Times, National Geographic, CNN.com and The Huffington Post, and he hosts “Saving the Ocean” on PBS.
His latest book, Beyond Words: What Animals Think And Feel, explores the inner lives of animals.
Carl Safina | Speaker | TED.com