Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: We should all be feminists
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Svi bismo trebali biti feministi
Inspired by Nigerian history and tragedies all but forgotten by recent generations of westerners, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novels and stories are jewels in the crown of diasporan literature. Full bio
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about one of my greatest friends,
od mojih najboljih prijatelja,
I would ask Okoloma's opinion.
pitala bih Okolomu za mišljenje.
Sosoliso plane crash
avionskoj nesreći u Sosolisu
laugh with and truly talk to.
sam se mogla svađati, smijati i pričati.
to call me a feminist.
koja me prozvala feministom.
we were at his house, arguing.
bili smo kod njega i svađali smo se.
with half bit knowledge
s polovičnim znanjem
particular argument was about,
točno ova prepirka bila,
that as I argued and argued,
svađala i svađala...
"You know, you're a feminist."
"Znaš, ti si feminist."
iz tona,
to say something like,
da kažete nešto poput,
what this word "feminist" meant,
što znači ta riječ "feminist",
to know that I did not know.
dati do znanja.
and I continued to argue.
i nastavila se prepirati.
I planned to do when I got home
kad sam stigla kući
"feminist" in the dictionary.
riječi "feminist".
who among other things beats his wife
koji, između ostalog, tuče suprugu
the novel in Nigeria,
roman u Nigeriji,
to give unsolicited advice.
daju savjete koje nitko nije tražio.
that my novel was feminist
da je moj roman feministički
sadly as he spoke --
dok je pričao --
call myself a feminist
nazivati feministkinjom
are women who are unhappy
koje su nesretne
"a happy feminist."
nazivati "sretnom feministkinjom."
žena iz Nigerije rekla
by "Western books."
"zapadnjačke knjige."
were decidedly unfeminist.
bila izraženo nefeministička.
Mills & Boon romance published
sve do jednog Mills & Boon ljubića
šesnaeste godine.
čitati knjige
"feministički klasici",
struggled to finish them.
i baš sam se mučila dovršiti ih.
"a happy African feminist."
"sretna afrička feministkinja."
feminist who does not hate men
feministkinja koja ne mrzi muškarce
for herself but not for men.
a ne za muškarce.
was tongue-in-cheek,
bila u šali,
with baggage, negative baggage.
tako puno negativnosti.
that sort of thing.
u tom smislu.
that she would give the class a test
da će razredu dati test
would be the class monitor.
taj će biti redar.
the names of noisemakers --
a cane to hold in your hand
koji biste držali u ruci
and patrol the class for noisemakers.
po učionici.
actually allowed to use the cane.
koristiti štap,
for the nine-year-old me.
to je bila uzbudljiva pomisao.
to be the class monitor.
that the monitor had to be a boy.
da redar mora biti dečko.
to make that clear earlier
score on the test,
drugi najviši rezultat u testu
interesting about this
u ovom slučaju
in patrolling the class with the cane,
patroliranje po razredu sa štapom
is just as obvious to everyone else.
jednako očito i svima drugima.
progresivan muškarac
and he would tell me,
i rekao bi mi,
being different or harder for women.
da je ženama drugačije ili teže.
could not see what seems so self-evident.
nije vidio ono što se činilo očitim.
Louis and I went out with friends.
Louis i ja izašli s prijateljima.
who are not familiar with Lagos,
stalna pojava,
who hang around outside establishments
koji se smucaju ispred ustanova
"help" you park your car.
parkirati vaš automobil.
with the particular theatrics
posebna teatralnost
a parking spot that evening.
parkirno mjesto tu večer.
I decided to leave him a tip.
dati napojnicu.
that I had earned from doing my work,
koji sam zaradila na svome poslu
very grateful and very happy,
jako zahvalan i sretan,
I didn't give him the money."
Nisam mu ja dao novac."
dawn on Louis' face.
uočila da počinje shvaćati.
novac koji mu ja dajem
we have different sexual organs,
različite seksualne organe,
in general physically stronger than women.
i općenito su fizički snažniji od žena.
than men in the world,
nego muškaraca na svijetu,
population is female.
and prestige are occupied by men.
zauzimaju muškarci.
the fewer women there are."
manje je žena."
of the Lilly Ledbetter law,
stalno se spominjao Zakon Lilly Ledbetter,
alliterative name of that law,
lijepog aliterativnog imena tog zakona,
being equally qualified,
s jednakim kvalifikacijama,
because he's a man.
jer je muškarac.
muškarci vladaju svijetom,
the most important attribute for survival.
bila najvažniji atribut za opstanak.
was more likely to lead,
je imala više šanse za vodstvo,
are physically stronger.
jesu fizički snažniji.
in a vastly different world.
bitno drugačijem svijetu.
is not the physically stronger person;
nije fizički snažnija osoba;
the more intelligent person,
osoba koja je inteligentnija,
for those attributes.
to be intelligent,
da bude inteligentan,
da bude inovativan.
of gender had not evolved.
da nam ideje o rodu nisu evoluirale.
of one of the best Nigerian hotels.
u jedan od najboljih nigerijskih hotela.
but I thought I probably shouldn't.
ali mislim da ipak ne bih trebala.
and asked me annoying questions,
i postavljao mi neprijatna pitanja
into a hotel alone is a sex worker.
sama dolazi u hotel - prostitutka.
focus on the ostensible supply
fokusiraju na navodnu ponudu
za prostitutkama?
into many "reputable" bars and clubs.
u mnoge "ugledne" barove i klubove.
if you're a woman alone,
a Nigerian restaurant with a man,
s muškarcem,
a mene ignorira.
felt like, "Yes! I thought that!"
"Da! To i ja mislim!"
are more important than women.
muškarci važniji od žena.
don't intend any harm.
and quite another to feel it emotionally.
a sasvim drugo osjetiti to emocionalno.
I feel invisible.
osjećam se nevidljivom.
that I am just as human as the man,
jednako tako čovjek kao i muškarac,
that sting the most.
to be young and female in Lagos,
biti mlada žena u Lagosu
is a grave injustice.
je strašna nepravda.
of bringing about positive change;
povlačenja pozitivne promjene;
I'm also hopeful.
također sam puna nade.
in the ability of human beings
u sposobnost ljudskih bića
themselves for the better.
and because it is where my heart is.
i zato što mi je tamo srce.
and plan for a different world,
i planirati drugačiji svijet,
who are truer to themselves.
koji su vjerniji sami sebi.
odgajati drugačije.
on how we raise them;
s obzirom na to kako ih odgajamo;
in a very narrow way,
čvrst mali kavez
of weakness, of vulnerability.
slabosti, osjetljivosti.
in Nigerian speak, "hard man!"
kako kažu u Nigeriji, "čvrsti muškarci!"
both of them teenagers,
oboje tinejdžeri,
of pocket money, would go out
izašli bi
would be expected always to pay,
očekivalo da plati
to steal money from their parents.
češće kradu novac od svojih roditelja.
was not "the boy has to pay"
of that historical advantage,
koji danas imaju više,
raising children differently,
of having to prove this masculinity.
da dokažu svoju muževnost.
that they have to be hard,
with very fragile egos.
the man feels compelled to be,
da mora biti "čvrst",
disservice to girls
to cater to the fragile egos of men.
to make themselves smaller,
da se učine manjima,
but not too successful,
ali ne preuspješna,
in your relationship with a man,
si ti hranitelj,
the premise itself?
be a threat to a man?
trebao biti prijetnja muškarcu?
to simply dispose of that word,
jednostavno se riješiti te riječi,
I dislike more than "emasculation."
ne volim manje od "emaskulacije."
me jednom upitao
would be intimidated by me.
što će me se muškarci strašiti.
to me to be worried
da se bojim
be intimidated by me
I would have no interest in.
za kakvog bi se ja zanimala.
I'm expected to aspire to marriage;
očekuje se da težim braku;
donosim životne odluke
that marriage is the most important.
da je brak najvažniji.
and love and mutual support.
i ljubavi i međusobne podrške.
to aspire to marriage
da teže braku,
who decided to sell her house
prodati kuću
to intimidate a man who might marry her.
koji bi je mogao oženiti.
who, when she goes to conferences,
kad ide na sastanke,
in the conference to "give her respect."
who are under so much pressure
prijatelji i kolege
even from work to get married,
to make terrible choices.
to see it as a deep, personal failure.
na to gleda kao veliki osobni promašaj.
who is unmarried,
određene dobi
to making his pick.
just say no to all of this."
and more complex.
from our socialization.
ideje iz društva.
and relationships illustrates this.
i vezama to ilustrira.
is often the language of ownership
žena pokazuje muškarcu
a man shows a woman.
što muškarac pokazuje ženi.
I'm very amused by --
za mir u braku."
that they should not be doing anyway.
ne bi trebali činiti.
in a kind of fondly exasperated way,
na ogorčen način,
proves how masculine they are,
dokazuje koliko ste muževni,
I can't go to the club every night,
izaći u klub svaku večer
I do it only on weekends."
idem samo vikendima."
"I did it for peace in my marriage,"
"Učinila sam to zbog mira u braku,"
about giving up a job,
each other as competitors --
jedna na drugu kao suparnice
which I think can be a good thing,
što mislim da može biti pozitivno,
cannot be sexual beings
knowing about our sons' girlfriends.
znati o sinovim curama.
the perfect man to be their husbands.
savršenog muškarca za supruga.
we praise girls for virginity,
hvalimo njihovo djevičanstvo,
this is supposed to work out because ...
to točno trebalo ići jer ...
is usually a process that involves ...
je obično proces koji uključuje ...
was gang raped in a university in Nigeria,
grupa u sveučilištu u Nigeriji,
both male and female,
muškaraca i žena,
in a room with four boys?"
sa četiri dečka?"
the horrible inhumanity of that response,
na strašnu nehumanost tog odgovora,
to think of women as inherently guilty,
da smatraju žene vječno krivima,
to expect so little of men
tako malo od muškaraca
without any control
kao divljaci bez kontrole
as though by being born female
što su rođene kao žensko
who silence themselves.
koje se utišavaju.
who cannot say what they truly think,
koje ne smiju reći što zapravo misle
we did to girls --
što smo učinili curama --
who have turned pretense into an art form.
koje su od pretvaranja učinile umjetnost.
kućanske poslove,
that to be "good wife material"
"dobar materijal za ženidbu"
to use that Nigerian word --
began to complain that she had changed.
počela prigovarati da se promijenila.
kakvi bismo trebali biti
our true individual selves,
da smo vjerni sami sebi,
of gender expectations.
undeniably different biologically,
nedvojbeno biološki različiti,
exaggerates the differences
a self-fulfilling process.
to do the housework than men,
nego muškarci,
are born with a cooking gene?
rađaju s genom za kuhanje?
socialized to see cooking as their role?
da gledaju na kuhanje kao na svoju ulogu?
women are born with a cooking gene,
možda rođene s genom za kuhanje
of the famous cooks in the world,
slavnih svjetskih kuhara,
as men when she was growing up.
kao muškarci dok je odrastala.
many more opportunities for women
puno više prilika
during my grandmother's time
za života moje bake
changes in law,
is our attitude, our mindset,
je naš stav, naši nazori,
and what we value about gender.
i što cijenimo kod roda.
umjesto na rod?
we focus on interest instead of gender?
usredotočili na interese umjesto na rod?
who have a son and a daughter,
sina i kćer,
the parents say to the girl,
roditelji kažu curi,
for your brother."
svome bratu."
particularly like to cook Indomie noodles,
Indomie tjesteninu,
to cook Indomie?
da kuhaju Indomie?
is a very useful skill for boys to have.
vrlo korisna vještina za sve dečke.
to leave such a crucial thing,
ostaviti tako važnu stvar,
and the same job as her husband.
i isti posao kao i njen suprug.
she does most of the housework,
ona radi većinu kućanskog posla,
changed the baby's diaper,
promijenio bebinu pelenu,
as perfectly normal and natural
sasvim normalno i prirodno
care for his child?
trebao brinuti za svoje dijete?
many of the lessons of gender
od mnogih lekcija o rodu
in the face of gender expectations.
ranjivom u odnosu na rodna očekivanja.
a writing class in graduate school,
pisanje na fakultetu,
about the material I would teach
što sam predavala
what I enjoy teaching.
ono što volim podučavati.
have to prove my worth.
svoju vrijednost.
that if I looked too feminine,
izgledam previše ženstveno
my shiny lip gloss and my girly skirt,
sjajilo za usne i obući suknju,
that when it comes to appearance
što se tiče izgleda,
as the standard, as the norm.
for a business meeting,
za poslovni sastanak,
about looking too masculine
for business meeting,
za poslovni sastanak,
about looking too feminine
izgleda li preženstveno
she will be taken seriously.
i hoće li je shvatiti ozbiljno.
that ugly suit that day.
to ružno odijelo.
from my closet, by the way.
prognala iz svog ormara.
that I have now to be myself,
koje sad imam da budem svoja,
even more from my teaching,
još više koristi od mojih predavanja,
be apologetic for my femaleness
za svoju ženskost
in all of my femaleness
u svoj svojoj ženskosti
conversation to have.
to encounter almost immediate resistance.
naići na gotovo trenutni otpor.
are actually thinking,
ovdje zapravo misle,
actively think about gender
aktivno o rodu
kao moj prijatelj Louis,
da to promijene.
into a restaurant with a woman
i ušetate u restoran sa ženom,
part of a longer version of this talk.
u dužu verziju ovog govora.
a very uncomfortable conversation to have,
može biti jako neugodan,
to close the conversation.
da ga se zaključi.
evolutionary biology and apes,
evolucijsku biologiju i majmune,
bow down to male apes
majmunice klanjaju majmunima
and have earthworms for breakfast,
i za doručak jedu crve,
"Well, poor men also have a hard time."
"Pa, jadni muškarci - i njima je teško."
what this conversation is about.
are different forms of oppression.
su različiti oblici opresije.
about systems of oppression
o sustavima opresije
jedan prema drugome
to a black man about gender
sa crncem o rodu
'my experience as a woman'?
'moje iskustvo kao žena'?
about his experience as a black man.
o svojem iskustvu kao crnca.
experience the world differently.
različito doživljavaju svijet.
we experience the world.
doživljavamo svijet.
bottom power is an expression
moć pozadine je izraz
something like a woman
ženino korištenje seksualnosti
to get favors from men.
from time to time --
s vremena na vrijeme --
that somebody else is in a bad mood,
je taj netko drugi loše volje
being subordinate to a man is our culture.
da žena bude podređena muškarcu.
who are fifteen and live in Lagos.
kojima je petnaest i žive u Lagosu.
taken away and killed.
it was our culture to kill twins.
kultura je bila ubijati blizance.
preservation and continuity of a people.
očuvanje i kontinuitet naroda.
in the story of who we are,
za priču o tome tko smo,
is not our culture,
Okoloma Maduewesi.
Okolomu Maduewesija.
who passed away in that Sosoliso crash
koji su poginuli u toj nesreći u Sosolisou
by those of us who loved him.
uvijek ćemo ga se sjećati.
when he called me a feminist.
kad me prozvao feministkinjom.
in the dictionary that day,
u rječniku toga dana,
who believes in the social, political
u društvenu, političku
from the stories I've heard,
prema pričama koje sam čula,
she did not want to marry
za kojeg se nije htjela udati
the man of her choice.
po svojem izboru.
progovorila je
of access, of land, that sort of thing.
uskraćuje pristup, zemljište i slično.
did not know that word "feminist,"
nije poznavala tu riječ "feminist,"
povratiti tu riječ.
koji ili koja kaže
with gender as it is today,
kakav je danas
good-looking, lovely man,
zgodan, divan muškarac
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - NovelistInspired by Nigerian history and tragedies all but forgotten by recent generations of westerners, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novels and stories are jewels in the crown of diasporan literature.
Why you should listen
In Nigeria, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's novel Half of a Yellow Sun has helped inspire new, cross-generational communication about the Biafran war. In this and in her other works, she seeks to instill dignity into the finest details of each character, whether poor, middle class or rich, exposing along the way the deep scars of colonialism in the African landscape.
Adichie's newest book, The Thing Around Your Neck, is a brilliant collection of stories about Nigerians struggling to cope with a corrupted context in their home country, and about the Nigerian immigrant experience.
Adichie builds on the literary tradition of Igbo literary giant Chinua Achebe—and when she found out that Achebe liked Half of a Yellow Sun, she says she cried for a whole day. What he said about her rings true: “We do not usually associate wisdom with beginners, but here is a new writer endowed with the gift of ancient storytellers.”
(Photo: Wani Olatunde)
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie | Speaker | TED.com