TED2015
David Eagleman: Can we create new senses for humans?
Dejvid Iglman (David Eagleman): Možemo li da stvorimo nova čula za ljude?
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Kao ljudska bića, možemo da opazimo manje od deset bilionitog dela svetlosnih talasa. "Naše iskustvo stvarnosti", kaže neuronaučnik Dejvid Iglman, "je ograničeno našom biologijom." On želi to da promeni. Njegovo istraživanje naših umnih procesa ga je navelo na stvaranje novih interfejsa - poput senzornog prsluka - kojim bismo primali do sad neviđene informacije o svetu oko nas.
David Eagleman - Neuroscientist
David Eagleman decodes the mysteries of the tangled web of neurons and electricity that make our minds tick -- and also make us human. Full bio
David Eagleman decodes the mysteries of the tangled web of neurons and electricity that make our minds tick -- and also make us human. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
We are built out of very small stuff,
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Građeni smo od sićušnih stvari
00:17
and we are embedded in
a very large cosmos,
a very large cosmos,
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i smešteni smo u ogromnom kosmosu,
00:20
and the fact is that we are not
very good at understanding reality
very good at understanding reality
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a činjenica je da nismo naročito dobri
u razumevanju stvarnosti
u razumevanju stvarnosti
00:24
at either of those scales,
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ni na jednom od ova dva nivoa,
00:26
and that's because our brains
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a to je zato što naši mozgovi
00:27
haven't evolved to understand
the world at that scale.
the world at that scale.
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nisu evoluirali da razumeju
svet u tim razmerama.
svet u tim razmerama.
00:32
Instead, we're trapped on this
very thin slice of perception
very thin slice of perception
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Umesto toga, zarobljenici smo
sitnog parčeta percepcije
sitnog parčeta percepcije
00:36
right in the middle.
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koje je tačno na sredini.
00:38
But it gets strange, because even at
that slice of reality that we call home,
that slice of reality that we call home,
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Međutim sve je čudnije jer čak
i na tom parčetu stvarnosti, zvanom dom,
i na tom parčetu stvarnosti, zvanom dom,
00:43
we're not seeing most
of the action that's going on.
of the action that's going on.
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ne vidimo većinu onoga što se dešava.
00:46
So take the colors of our world.
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Uzmite boje našeg sveta.
00:49
This is light waves, electromagnetic
radiation that bounces off objects
radiation that bounces off objects
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Ovo su svetlosni talasi, elektromagnetska
radijacija koja se odbija od objekte
radijacija koja se odbija od objekte
00:54
and it hits specialized receptors
in the back of our eyes.
in the back of our eyes.
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i pogađa specijalizovane receptore
na poleđini naših očiju.
na poleđini naših očiju.
00:57
But we're not seeing
all the waves out there.
all the waves out there.
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No mi ne vidimo sve postojeće talase.
01:01
In fact, what we see
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Zapravo vidimo
01:03
is less than a 10 trillionth
of what's out there.
of what's out there.
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manje od 10 bilionitog svega što postoji.
01:07
So you have radio waves and microwaves
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Pa vam radio talasi i mikrotalasi
01:10
and X-rays and gamma rays
passing through your body right now
passing through your body right now
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i iks zraci i gama zraci
trenutno prolaze kroz telo,
trenutno prolaze kroz telo,
01:13
and you're completely unaware of it,
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a vi uopšte niste svesni toga
01:16
because you don't come with
the proper biological receptors
the proper biological receptors
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jer niste rođeni s odgovarajućim
biološkim receptorima
biološkim receptorima
01:19
for picking it up.
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koji bi to zapazili.
01:21
There are thousands
of cell phone conversations
of cell phone conversations
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Na hiljade razgovora mobilnim telefonima
01:24
passing through you right now,
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trenutno prolazi kroz vas,
01:25
and you're utterly blind to it.
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a vi ste krajnje slepi za to.
01:28
Now, it's not that these things
are inherently unseeable.
are inherently unseeable.
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Sad, ne radi se o tome
da su ove stvari suštinski nevidljive.
da su ove stvari suštinski nevidljive.
01:31
Snakes include some infrared
in their reality,
in their reality,
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Stvarnost zmija uključuje
nešto infracrvene svetlosti,
nešto infracrvene svetlosti,
01:36
and honeybees include ultraviolet
in their view of the world,
in their view of the world,
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a pčelinji pogled na svet
uključuje ultraljubičastu
uključuje ultraljubičastu
01:40
and of course we build machines
in the dashboards of our cars
in the dashboards of our cars
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i naravno da ugrađujemo mašine
u kontrolne table automobila
u kontrolne table automobila
01:43
to pick up on signals
in the radio frequency range,
in the radio frequency range,
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koje primaju signale
opsega radijskih frekvencija
opsega radijskih frekvencija
01:46
and we built machines in hospitals
to pick up on the X-ray range.
to pick up on the X-ray range.
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i pravimo mašine u bolnicama
koje sakupljaju opseg iks zraka.
koje sakupljaju opseg iks zraka.
01:50
But you can't sense
any of those by yourself,
any of those by yourself,
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Međutim, ništa od ovog
sami ne možete da osetite,
sami ne možete da osetite,
01:53
at least not yet,
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bar ne za sad
01:55
because you don't come equipped
with the proper sensors.
with the proper sensors.
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jer se ne rađate opremljeni
odgovarajućim senzorima.
odgovarajućim senzorima.
01:59
Now, what this means is that
our experience of reality
our experience of reality
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Sad, ovo znači
da je naše iskustvo stvarnosti
da je naše iskustvo stvarnosti
02:03
is constrained by our biology,
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ograničeno našom biologijom,
02:07
and that goes against
the common sense notion
the common sense notion
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a to se protivi
pretpostavci zdravog razuma
pretpostavci zdravog razuma
02:09
that our eyes and our ears
and our fingertips
and our fingertips
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da naše oči i naše uši
i naši vrhovi prstiju
i naši vrhovi prstiju
02:12
are just picking up
the objective reality that's out there.
the objective reality that's out there.
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prosto doživljavaju
objektivnu postojeću stvarnost.
objektivnu postojeću stvarnost.
02:16
Instead, our brains are sampling
just a little bit of the world.
just a little bit of the world.
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Umesto toga, naši mozgovi prosto
uzimaju uzorke malenog dela sveta.
uzimaju uzorke malenog dela sveta.
02:22
Now, across the animal kingdom,
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Sad, širom životinjskog carstva,
02:24
different animals pick up
on different parts of reality.
on different parts of reality.
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različite životinje doživljavaju
različite delove stvarnosti.
različite delove stvarnosti.
02:27
So in the blind
and deaf world of the tick,
and deaf world of the tick,
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Pa su u slepom i gluvom životu krpelja
02:30
the important signals
are temperature and butyric acid;
are temperature and butyric acid;
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važni signali: temperatura
i buterna kiselina;
i buterna kiselina;
02:34
in the world of the black ghost knifefish,
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u svetu ribe crnog duha,
02:37
its sensory world is lavishly colored
by electrical fields;
by electrical fields;
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njen senzorni svet je bogato obojen
električnim poljima;
električnim poljima;
02:42
and for the echolocating bat,
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a za šišmiša sa eholokatorom,
02:45
its reality is constructed
out of air compression waves.
out of air compression waves.
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njegova stvarnost je izgrađena
od talasa kompresovanog vazduha.
od talasa kompresovanog vazduha.
02:49
That's the slice of their ecosystem
that they can pick up on,
that they can pick up on,
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To je parče njihovog ekosistema
koji mogu da dožive,
koji mogu da dožive,
02:53
and we have a word for this in science.
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a mi naučnici imamo reč za to.
02:55
It's called the umwelt,
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Zove se "umwelt",
02:56
which is the German word
for the surrounding world.
for the surrounding world.
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to je nemački izraz
za svet koji nas okružuje.
za svet koji nas okružuje.
03:00
Now, presumably, every animal assumes
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Sad, pretpostavljamo
da svaka životinja smatra
da svaka životinja smatra
03:03
that its umwelt is the entire
objective reality out there,
objective reality out there,
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da je njen umwelt
celokupna objektivna stvarnost
celokupna objektivna stvarnost
03:07
because why would you ever stop to imagine
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jer zašto biste ikad zastali da zamislite
03:10
that there's something beyond
what we can sense.
what we can sense.
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da postoji nešto mimo naših čula.
03:13
Instead, what we all do
is we accept reality
is we accept reality
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Umesto toga, svi mi prihvatamo stvarnost
03:16
as it's presented to us.
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onakvu kakva nam se čini.
03:19
Let's do a consciousness-raiser on this.
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Hajde da podignemo svest o ovome.
03:21
Imagine that you are a bloodhound dog.
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Zamislite da ste lovački pas.
03:24
Your whole world is about smelling.
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Vaš čitav svet je od mirisa.
03:27
You've got a long snout that has
200 million scent receptors in it,
200 million scent receptors in it,
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Imate dugu njušku sa 200 miliona receptora
03:31
and you have wet nostrils
that attract and trap scent molecules,
that attract and trap scent molecules,
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i imate vlažne nozdrve
koje privlače i hvataju molekule mirisa,
koje privlače i hvataju molekule mirisa,
03:36
and your nostrils even have slits
so you can take big nosefuls of air.
so you can take big nosefuls of air.
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a vaše nozdrve čak imaju proreze
da biste mogli duboko da udahnete vazduh.
da biste mogli duboko da udahnete vazduh.
03:40
Everything is about smell for you.
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Vama se sve vrti oko mirisa.
03:43
So one day, you stop in your tracks
with a revelation.
with a revelation.
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Pa vas jednog dana
otkrovenje zaustavi u hodu.
otkrovenje zaustavi u hodu.
03:47
You look at your human owner
and you think,
and you think,
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Pogledate u ljudskog vlasnika i pomislite:
03:50
"What is it like to have the pitiful,
impoverished nose of a human?
impoverished nose of a human?
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"Kako je to imati bedan,
osiromašen ljudski nos?
osiromašen ljudski nos?
03:55
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:57
What is it like when you take
a feeble little noseful of air?
a feeble little noseful of air?
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Kako izgleda kad slabašno
udahnete malo vazduha punim plućima?
udahnete malo vazduha punim plućima?
04:00
How can you not know that there's
a cat 100 yards away,
a cat 100 yards away,
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Kako možete da ne znate
da je mačka na 90 metara od vas
da je mačka na 90 metara od vas
04:04
or that your neighbor was on
this very spot six hours ago?"
this very spot six hours ago?"
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ili da je vaš komšija
bio baš na ovom mestu pre šest sati?"
bio baš na ovom mestu pre šest sati?"
04:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:10
So because we're humans,
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Pa, zato što smo ljudska bića,
04:12
we've never experienced
that world of smell,
that world of smell,
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nikad nismo iskusili taj svet mirisa,
04:15
so we don't miss it,
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te nam ne nedostaje
04:18
because we are firmly settled
into our umwelt.
into our umwelt.
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jer smo čvrsto ukorenjeni
u sopstvenom umwelt-u.
u sopstvenom umwelt-u.
04:22
But the question is,
do we have to be stuck there?
do we have to be stuck there?
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No pitanje glasi:
moramo li da budemo zaglavljeni tu?
moramo li da budemo zaglavljeni tu?
04:26
So as a neuroscientist, I'm interested
in the way that technology
in the way that technology
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Pa sam kao neuronaučnik
zainteresovan za to kako tehnologija
zainteresovan za to kako tehnologija
04:30
might expand our umwelt,
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može da proširi naš umwelt
04:33
and how that's going to change
the experience of being human.
the experience of being human.
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i kako će to da promeni
naše iskustvo kako je biti čovek.
naše iskustvo kako je biti čovek.
04:38
So we already know that we can marry
our technology to our biology,
our technology to our biology,
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Dakle, već nam je poznato da možemo
da venčamo našu tehnologiju i biologiju
da venčamo našu tehnologiju i biologiju
04:41
because there are hundreds of thousands
of people walking around
of people walking around
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jer imamo na stotine hiljada ljudi
koji šetaju okolo
koji šetaju okolo
04:45
with artificial hearing
and artificial vision.
and artificial vision.
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s veštačkim sluhom i veštačkim vidom.
04:49
So the way this works is, you take
a microphone and you digitize the signal,
a microphone and you digitize the signal,
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Način na koji ovo radi je: uzmete mikrofon
i digitalizujete signal
i digitalizujete signal
04:53
and you put an electrode strip
directly into the inner ear.
directly into the inner ear.
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i stavite trake elektroda
direktno u unutrašnje uho.
direktno u unutrašnje uho.
04:57
Or, with the retinal implant,
you take a camera
you take a camera
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Ili kod implanta za mrežnjaču,
uzmete kameru
uzmete kameru
04:59
and you digitize the signal,
and then you plug an electrode grid
and then you plug an electrode grid
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i digitalizujete signal,
a potom priključite mrežu elektroda
a potom priključite mrežu elektroda
05:02
directly into the optic nerve.
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direktno u optički nerv.
05:05
And as recently as 15 years ago,
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A pre samo 15 godina,
05:09
there were a lot of scientists who thought
these technologies wouldn't work.
these technologies wouldn't work.
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mnogi naučnici su smatrali
da ove tehnologije neće funkcionisati.
da ove tehnologije neće funkcionisati.
05:13
Why? It's because these technologies
speak the language of Silicon Valley,
speak the language of Silicon Valley,
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Zašto? Zato što ove tehnologije
govore jezikom Silikonske doline,
govore jezikom Silikonske doline,
05:18
and it's not exactly the same dialect
as our natural biological sense organs.
as our natural biological sense organs.
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a to nije baš dijalekat
naših prirodnih bioloških čulnih organa.
naših prirodnih bioloških čulnih organa.
05:24
But the fact is that it works;
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Međutim, činjenica je da funkcioniše;
05:26
the brain figures out
how to use the signals just fine.
how to use the signals just fine.
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mozak savršeno razume
kako da koristi ove signale.
kako da koristi ove signale.
05:31
Now, how do we understand that?
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Sad, kako da to shvatimo?
05:33
Well, here's the big secret:
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Pa, evo te velike tajne:
05:35
Your brain is not hearing
or seeing any of this.
or seeing any of this.
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vaš mozak niti čuje,
niti vidi bilo šta od ovoga.
niti vidi bilo šta od ovoga.
05:40
Your brain is locked in a vault of silence
and darkness inside your skull.
and darkness inside your skull.
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Vaš mozak je zaključan u tihoj
i mračnoj odaji unutar vaše lobanje.
i mračnoj odaji unutar vaše lobanje.
05:47
All it ever sees are
electrochemical signals
electrochemical signals
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Sve što on vidi su elektrohemijski signali
05:50
that come in along different data cables,
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koji stižu različitim kanalima za podatke
05:53
and this is all it has to work with,
and nothing more.
and nothing more.
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i to je sve čime raspolaže, ništa više.
05:58
Now, amazingly,
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Sad, začuđujuće,
06:00
the brain is really good
at taking in these signals
at taking in these signals
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ali mozak je zaista dobar
u primanju ovih signala
u primanju ovih signala
06:03
and extracting patterns
and assigning meaning,
and assigning meaning,
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i u prepoznavanju obrazaca
i pripisivanju značenja,
i pripisivanju značenja,
06:07
so that it takes this inner cosmos
and puts together a story
and puts together a story
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pa on uzima ovaj unutrašnji kosmos
i sastavlja priču
i sastavlja priču
06:11
of this, your subjective world.
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o ovom, vašem subjektivnom svetu.
06:16
But here's the key point:
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No, ključna stvar je sledeće:
06:18
Your brain doesn't know,
and it doesn't care,
and it doesn't care,
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vaš mozak ne zna i ne mari
06:21
where it gets the data from.
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odakle stižu podaci.
06:24
Whatever information comes in,
it just figures out what to do with it.
it just figures out what to do with it.
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Koja god da informacija stigne do njega,
on prosto razmatra šta da radi s njom.
on prosto razmatra šta da radi s njom.
06:29
And this is a very efficient
kind of machine.
kind of machine.
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I ovo je izuzetno efikasna mašina.
06:31
It's essentially a general purpose
computing device,
computing device,
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U suštini, njegova glavna svrha
je da bude uređaj za proračunavanje,
je da bude uređaj za proračunavanje,
06:36
and it just takes in everything
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te on prosto prima sve
06:38
and figures out
what it's going to do with it,
what it's going to do with it,
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i računa šta će da radi s tim,
06:41
and that, I think, frees up Mother Nature
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a to, verujem, oslobađa majku prirodu
06:44
to tinker around with different
sorts of input channels.
sorts of input channels.
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da se vrzma oko različitih
vrsta ulaznih kanala.
vrsta ulaznih kanala.
06:49
So I call this the P.H.
model of evolution,
model of evolution,
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Dakle, ovo zovem G. K. modelom evolucije
06:52
and I don't want to get
too technical here,
too technical here,
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i ne želim da zalazim u tehničke detalje,
06:54
but P.H. stands for Potato Head,
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ali G. K. znači Gospodin Krompirko,
06:57
and I use this name to emphasize
that all these sensors
that all these sensors
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a koristim ovo ime kako bih naglasio
da su svi ovi senzori
da su svi ovi senzori
07:01
that we know and love, like our eyes
and our ears and our fingertips,
and our ears and our fingertips,
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koje poznajemo i volimo,
poput naših očiju i ušiju i vrhova prstiju
poput naših očiju i ušiju i vrhova prstiju
07:04
these are merely peripheral
plug-and-play devices:
plug-and-play devices:
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da su to samo periferni uređaji
koji automatski rade:
koji automatski rade:
07:08
You stick them in, and you're good to go.
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uključite ih, i nemate problema.
07:12
The brain figures out what to do
with the data that comes in.
with the data that comes in.
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Mozak razmatra šta da radi s podacima
koji dođu do njega.
koji dođu do njega.
07:18
And when you look across
the animal kingdom,
the animal kingdom,
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Ako pogledate širom životinjskog carstva,
07:20
you find lots of peripheral devices.
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pronaći ćete mnogo perifernih uređaja.
07:23
So snakes have heat pits
with which to detect infrared,
with which to detect infrared,
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Zmije imaju toplotne duplje
kojima prepoznaju infracrvenu svetlost,
kojima prepoznaju infracrvenu svetlost,
07:27
and the ghost knifefish has
electroreceptors,
electroreceptors,
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a riba crni duh ima elektroreceptore,
07:30
and the star-nosed mole has this appendage
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a zvezdaste krtice imaju taj dodatak
07:33
with 22 fingers on it
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s 22 prsta
07:35
with which it feels around and constructs
a 3D model of the world,
a 3D model of the world,
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kojima opipavaju okolinu
i konstruišu maketu sveta u 3D-u,
i konstruišu maketu sveta u 3D-u,
07:39
and many birds have magnetite
so they can orient
so they can orient
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a mnoge ptice imaju magnetit
kojim se orjentišu
kojim se orjentišu
07:43
to the magnetic field of the planet.
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prema magnetnom polju planete.
07:45
So what this means is that
nature doesn't have to continually
nature doesn't have to continually
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A to znači da priroda ne mora stalno
07:49
redesign the brain.
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da iznova osmišljava mozak.
07:52
Instead, with the principles
of brain operation established,
of brain operation established,
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Umesto toga, kad jednom uspostavi
principe rada mozga,
principe rada mozga,
07:56
all nature has to worry about
is designing new peripherals.
is designing new peripherals.
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sve oko čega priroda treba da se brine
je osmišljavanje novih periferija.
je osmišljavanje novih periferija.
08:01
Okay. So what this means is this:
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U redu. To znači sledeće:
08:04
The lesson that surfaces
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lekcija koja izlazi na površinu
08:06
is that there's nothing
really special or fundamental
really special or fundamental
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je da ništa nije uistinu
posebno ili suštinsko
posebno ili suštinsko
08:09
about the biology that we
come to the table with.
come to the table with.
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kod biologije koja nam je dostupna.
08:12
It's just what we have inherited
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To je prosto nešto što smo nasledili
08:14
from a complex road of evolution.
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tokom složenog evolutivnog puta.
08:18
But it's not what we have to stick with,
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Međutim, ne moramo se držati toga,
08:21
and our best proof of principle of this
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a najbolji dokaz ovog principa
08:23
comes from what's called
sensory substitution.
sensory substitution.
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dolazi od nečega što se zove zamena čula.
08:26
And that refers to feeding
information into the brain
information into the brain
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A to se odnosi na pohranjivanje
informacija u mozak
informacija u mozak
08:29
via unusual sensory channels,
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putem neobičnih čulnih kanala,
08:32
and the brain just figures out
what to do with it.
what to do with it.
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a mozak prosto razmatra šta da radi s tim.
08:35
Now, that might sound speculative,
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Sad, ovo može da zvuči kao nagađanje,
08:37
but the first paper demonstrating this was
published in the journal Nature in 1969.
published in the journal Nature in 1969.
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ali prvi naučni rad koji je to pokazao
je objavljen 1969. u časopisu "Nejčer".
je objavljen 1969. u časopisu "Nejčer".
08:43
So a scientist named Paul Bach-y-Rita
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Dakle, naučnik po imenu Pol Bahirita
08:46
put blind people
in a modified dental chair,
in a modified dental chair,
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je sedao slepe ljude
u prepravljenu zubarsku stolicu
u prepravljenu zubarsku stolicu
08:49
and he set up a video feed,
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i postavljao je video napajanje
08:51
and he put something
in front of the camera,
in front of the camera,
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i stavio bi nešto ispred kamere
08:54
and then you would feel that
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i imali biste osećaj
08:56
poked into your back
with a grid of solenoids.
with a grid of solenoids.
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da vas to bocka u leđa
solenoidnom rešetkom.
solenoidnom rešetkom.
08:59
So if you wiggle a coffee cup
in front of the camera,
in front of the camera,
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Pa, ako biste protresli šoljicu kafe
ispred kamere,
ispred kamere,
09:02
you're feeling that in your back,
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osetili biste to u vašim leđima
09:04
and amazingly, blind people
got pretty good
got pretty good
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i slepi ljudi su postali
iznenađujuće dobri
iznenađujuće dobri
09:07
at being able to determine
what was in front of the camera
what was in front of the camera
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u sposobnosti prepoznavanja
onoga što se nalazilo ispred kamere,
onoga što se nalazilo ispred kamere,
09:11
just by feeling it
in the small of their back.
in the small of their back.
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prosto osećajući to u donjem delu leđa.
09:14
Now, there have been many
modern incarnations of this.
modern incarnations of this.
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Sad, imali smo mnogo savremenih
otelotvorenja ovoga.
otelotvorenja ovoga.
09:18
The sonic glasses take a video feed
right in front of you
right in front of you
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Sonične naočare stvaljaju video napajanje
direktno ispred vas
direktno ispred vas
09:21
and turn that into a sonic landscape,
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i pretvaraju ga u sonični pejzaž,
09:24
so as things move around,
and get closer and farther,
and get closer and farther,
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pa kako se stvari pokreću,
približavaju i udaljavaju,
približavaju i udaljavaju,
09:26
it sounds like "Bzz, bzz, bzz."
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to zvuči kao: "Bzz, bzz, bzz."
09:29
It sounds like a cacophony,
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Zvuči poput kakofonije,
09:31
but after several weeks, blind people
start getting pretty good
start getting pretty good
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ali nakon nekoliko nedelja,
slepi ljudi postaju veoma dobri
slepi ljudi postaju veoma dobri
09:34
at understanding what's in front of them
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u razabiranju šta se nalazi ispred njih
09:37
just based on what they're hearing.
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samo na osnovu onog što čuju.
09:39
And it doesn't have to be
through the ears:
through the ears:
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I ne mora da dolazi preko ušiju:
09:41
this system uses an electrotactile grid
on the forehead,
on the forehead,
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ovaj sistem koristi
elektrotaktilnu rešetku na čelu,
elektrotaktilnu rešetku na čelu,
09:45
so whatever's in front of the video feed,
you're feeling it on your forehead.
you're feeling it on your forehead.
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pa šta god da se nalazi ispred video
napajanja, osetite to na vašem čelu.
napajanja, osetite to na vašem čelu.
09:49
Why the forehead? Because you're not
using it for much else.
using it for much else.
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Zašto na čelu? Jer ga inače ne koristite
ni za šta drugo.
ni za šta drugo.
09:51
The most modern incarnation
is called the brainport,
is called the brainport,
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Najsavremenije otelotvorenje ovog
se zove brejnport,
se zove brejnport,
09:56
and this is a little electrogrid
that sits on your tongue,
that sits on your tongue,
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a to je malena elektromreža
koja se smešta na vaš jezik
koja se smešta na vaš jezik
09:59
and the video feed gets turned into
these little electrotactile signals,
these little electrotactile signals,
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i video napajanje se pretvara
u te malene elektrotaktilne signale,
u te malene elektrotaktilne signale,
10:03
and blind people get so good at using this
that they can throw a ball into a basket,
that they can throw a ball into a basket,
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a slepi ljudi su toliko dobri u korišćenju
ovog da mogu da ubace loptu u koš
ovog da mogu da ubace loptu u koš
10:10
or they can navigate
complex obstacle courses.
complex obstacle courses.
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ili mogu da se snalaze
u složenim deonicama s preprekama.
u složenim deonicama s preprekama.
10:15
They can come to see through their tongue.
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Mogu da progledaju preko jezika.
10:19
Now, that sounds completely insane, right?
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Sad, to zvuči potpuno nenormalno, zar ne?
10:21
But remember, all vision ever is
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No, upamtite, vid se svodi
10:24
is electrochemical signals
coursing around in your brain.
coursing around in your brain.
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na elektrohemijske signale
koji se kreću po vašem mozgu.
koji se kreću po vašem mozgu.
10:28
Your brain doesn't know
where the signals come from.
where the signals come from.
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Vaš mozak ne zna odakle potiču signali.
10:31
It just figures out what to do with them.
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On prosto razmatra šta da radi s njima.
10:34
So my interest in my lab
is sensory substitution for the deaf,
is sensory substitution for the deaf,
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Pa je moje interesovanje u laboratoriji
senzorna zamena za gluve
senzorna zamena za gluve
10:40
and this is a project I've undertaken
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i to je projekat koji sam preuzeo
10:43
with a graduate student
in my lab, Scott Novich,
in my lab, Scott Novich,
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sa studentom Skotom Novičem
10:46
who is spearheading this for his thesis.
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kome je ovo diplomska rad.
10:48
And here is what we wanted to do:
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A evo šta smo želeli da postignemo:
10:50
we wanted to make it so that
sound from the world gets converted
sound from the world gets converted
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želeli smo da postignemo
da se zvuk iz sveta preobrati
da se zvuk iz sveta preobrati
10:54
in some way so that a deaf person
can understand what is being said.
can understand what is being said.
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na neki način kako bi gluva osoba
mogla da razume šta se govori.
mogla da razume šta se govori.
10:59
And we wanted to do this, given the power
and ubiquity of portable computing,
and ubiquity of portable computing,
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A želeli smo da ovo uradimo posredstvom
moći i sveprisutnosti prenosivih računara,
moći i sveprisutnosti prenosivih računara,
11:03
we wanted to make sure that this
would run on cell phones and tablets,
would run on cell phones and tablets,
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želeli smo da se postaramo da će ovo
da radi na mobilnim telefonima i tabletima
da radi na mobilnim telefonima i tabletima
11:08
and also we wanted
to make this a wearable,
to make this a wearable,
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i takođe smo želeli da ovo bude nosivo,
11:11
something that you could wear
under your clothing.
under your clothing.
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nešto što možete da nosite ispod odeće.
11:14
So here's the concept.
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Dakle, evo tog koncepta.
11:17
So as I'm speaking, my sound
is getting captured by the tablet,
is getting captured by the tablet,
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Kako govorim, zvuk mojih reči
beleži tablet,
beleži tablet,
11:22
and then it's getting mapped onto a vest
that's covered in vibratory motors,
that's covered in vibratory motors,
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a potom se preslikavaju na prsluk
koji je prekriven vibrirajućim motorima,
koji je prekriven vibrirajućim motorima,
11:28
just like the motors in your cell phone.
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identičnim onim u vašem mobilnom telefonu.
11:31
So as I'm speaking,
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Pa, dok govorim,
11:33
the sound is getting translated
to a pattern of vibration on the vest.
to a pattern of vibration on the vest.
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zvuk se prevodi
u vibrirajući obrazac na prsluku.
u vibrirajući obrazac na prsluku.
11:40
Now, this is not just conceptual:
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Sad, ovo nije puki koncept:
11:41
this tablet is transmitting Bluetooth,
and I'm wearing the vest right now.
and I'm wearing the vest right now.
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ovaj tablet odašilja blutut signal
i ja upravo nosim taj prsluk.
i ja upravo nosim taj prsluk.
11:47
So as I'm speaking -- (Applause) --
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Pa, dok govorim - (Aplauz) -
11:50
the sound is getting translated
into dynamic patterns of vibration.
into dynamic patterns of vibration.
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zvuk se prevodi
u dinamične obrasce vibracija.
u dinamične obrasce vibracija.
11:55
I'm feeling the sonic world around me.
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Osećam sonični svet oko sebe.
12:01
So, we've been testing this
with deaf people now,
with deaf people now,
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Dakle, testirali smo ovo na gluvim ljudima
12:05
and it turns out that after
just a little bit of time,
just a little bit of time,
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i ispostavilo se
da nakon veoma kratkog vremena,
da nakon veoma kratkog vremena,
12:08
people can start feeling,
they can start understanding
they can start understanding
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ljudi počnu da osećaju,
u stanju su da počnu da razumevaju
u stanju su da počnu da razumevaju
12:12
the language of the vest.
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jezik prsluka.
12:14
So this is Jonathan. He's 37 years old.
He has a master's degree.
He has a master's degree.
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Ovo je Džonatan. Ima 37 godina.
Ima diplomu mastera.
Ima diplomu mastera.
12:19
He was born profoundly deaf,
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Rođen je potpuno gluv,
12:22
which means that there's a part
of his umwelt that's unavailable to him.
of his umwelt that's unavailable to him.
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što znači da postoji deo
njegovog umwelt-a koji mu je nedostupan.
njegovog umwelt-a koji mu je nedostupan.
12:26
So we had Jonathan train with the vest
for four days, two hours a day,
for four days, two hours a day,
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Pa smo obučavali Džonatana s prslukom
četiri dana, po dva sata dnevno
četiri dana, po dva sata dnevno
12:30
and here he is on the fifth day.
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i ovo je on petog dana.
12:33
Scott Novich: You.
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Skot Novič: Ti.
Dejvid Iglman: Dakle, Skot kaže reč,
a Džonatan je oseti preko prsluka
a Džonatan je oseti preko prsluka
12:36
David Eagleman: So Scott says a word,
Jonathan feels it on the vest,
Jonathan feels it on the vest,
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3214
12:39
and he writes it on the board.
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i napiše je na tablu.
12:42
SN: Where. Where.
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SN: Gde. Gde.
12:46
DE: Jonathan is able to translate
this complicated pattern of vibrations
this complicated pattern of vibrations
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DI: Džonatan je u stanju da prevede
ovaj komplikovani obrazac vibracija
ovaj komplikovani obrazac vibracija
12:49
into an understanding
of what's being said.
of what's being said.
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i da razume šta mu se govori.
12:52
SN: Touch. Touch.
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SN: Dodir. Dodir.
12:56
DE: Now, he's not doing this --
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DI: Sad, on to ne radi -
13:00
(Applause) --
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(Aplauz) -
13:07
Jonathan is not doing this consciously,
because the patterns are too complicated,
because the patterns are too complicated,
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4086
Džonatan ovo ne radi svesno
jer su obrasci suviše komplikovani,
jer su obrasci suviše komplikovani,
13:12
but his brain is starting to unlock
the pattern that allows it to figure out
the pattern that allows it to figure out
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ali njegov mozak počinje da dešifruje
obrazac koji mu omogućuje da shvati
obrazac koji mu omogućuje da shvati
13:17
what the data mean,
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šta ti podaci znače
13:19
and our expectation is that,
after wearing this for about three months,
after wearing this for about three months,
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i mi očekujemo da će nakon
oko tri meseca nošenja ovog prsluka
oko tri meseca nošenja ovog prsluka
13:23
he will have a direct
perceptual experience of hearing
perceptual experience of hearing
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da ima direktno percepcijsko
iskustvo sluha,
iskustvo sluha,
13:28
in the same way that when a blind person
passes a finger over braille,
passes a finger over braille,
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na isti način kao kad slepa osoba
pređe prstom preko Brajevog pisma,
pređe prstom preko Brajevog pisma,
13:32
the meaning comes directly off the page
without any conscious intervention at all.
without any conscious intervention at all.
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značenje dolazi direktno sa stranice
bez ikakvog svesnog posredovanja.
bez ikakvog svesnog posredovanja.
13:38
Now, this technology has the potential
to be a game-changer,
to be a game-changer,
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3553
Sad, ova tehnologija ima potencijal
da bude prekretnica
da bude prekretnica
13:42
because the only other solution
for deafness is a cochlear implant,
for deafness is a cochlear implant,
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3784
jer je kohlearni implant
jedino drugo rešenje za gluvoću,
jedino drugo rešenje za gluvoću,
13:46
and that requires an invasive surgery.
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2903
a on zahteva invazivnu operaciju.
13:49
And this can be built for 40 times cheaper
than a cochlear implant,
than a cochlear implant,
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5154
A ovo može da se napravi
40 puta jeftinije od kohlearnog implanta,
40 puta jeftinije od kohlearnog implanta,
13:54
which opens up this technology globally,
even for the poorest countries.
even for the poorest countries.
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što globalno krči put ovoj tehnologiji,
čak i u najsiromašnijim zemljama.
čak i u najsiromašnijim zemljama.
14:00
Now, we've been very encouraged
by our results with sensory substitution,
by our results with sensory substitution,
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Sad, izuzetno su nas ohrabrili
naši rezultati kod senzorne zamene,
naši rezultati kod senzorne zamene,
14:05
but what we've been thinking a lot about
is sensory addition.
is sensory addition.
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ali mnogo smo razmišljali
o senzornim dodacima.
o senzornim dodacima.
14:09
How could we use a technology like this
to add a completely new kind of sense,
to add a completely new kind of sense,
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Kako da koristimo sličnu tehnologiju
da dodamo potpuno novi tip čula,
da dodamo potpuno novi tip čula,
14:14
to expand the human umvelt?
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da proširimo ljudski umwelt?
14:17
For example, could we feed
real-time data from the Internet
real-time data from the Internet
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Na primer, možemo li u realnom vremenu
da pohranjujemo podatke s interneta
da pohranjujemo podatke s interneta
14:22
directly into somebody's brain,
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direktno u nečiji mozak
14:24
and can they develop a direct
perceptual experience?
perceptual experience?
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i može li ta osoba da razvije
direktno čulno iskustvo?
direktno čulno iskustvo?
14:27
So here's an experiment
we're doing in the lab.
we're doing in the lab.
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Evo jednog eksperimenta
koji izvodimo u laboratoriji.
koji izvodimo u laboratoriji.
14:30
A subject is feeling a real-time
streaming feed from the Net of data
streaming feed from the Net of data
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Subjekat oseća u realnom vremenu
tok napajanja s mreže podataka
tok napajanja s mreže podataka
14:34
for five seconds.
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pet sekundi.
14:36
Then, two buttons appear,
and he has to make a choice.
and he has to make a choice.
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Potom se pojave dva dugmeta,
a on mora da odabere jedno.
a on mora da odabere jedno.
14:39
He doesn't know what's going on.
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Ne zna šta se dešava.
14:41
He makes a choice,
and he gets feedback after one second.
and he gets feedback after one second.
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Odlučuje i dobija odgovor
nakon jedne sekunde.
nakon jedne sekunde.
14:43
Now, here's the thing:
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Sad, evo o čemu se radi:
14:45
The subject has no idea
what all the patterns mean,
what all the patterns mean,
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subjekat nema predstavu
o tome šta obrasci znače,
o tome šta obrasci znače,
ali mi primećujemo kad postane bolji
u razumevanju toga koje dugme da pritisne.
u razumevanju toga koje dugme da pritisne.
14:47
but we're seeing if he gets better
at figuring out which button to press.
at figuring out which button to press.
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14:51
He doesn't know that what we're feeding
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On ne zna da mi pohranjujemo
14:53
is real-time data from the stock market,
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podatke sa berze u realnom vremenu,
14:56
and he's making buy and sell decisions.
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a da on odlučuje o kupovini i prodaji.
14:59
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
15:01
And the feedback is telling him
whether he did the right thing or not.
whether he did the right thing or not.
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A povratna veza mu saopštava
da li je dobro uradio ili ne.
da li je dobro uradio ili ne.
15:04
And what we're seeing is,
can we expand the human umvelt
can we expand the human umvelt
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Proveravamo da li možemo
da proširimo ljudski umwelt,
da proširimo ljudski umwelt,
15:07
so that he comes to have,
after several weeks,
after several weeks,
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tako da on nakon nekoliko nedelja
počne da stiče
počne da stiče
15:10
a direct perceptual experience
of the economic movements of the planet.
of the economic movements of the planet.
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direktno čulno iskustvo
ekonomskih kretanja u svetu.
ekonomskih kretanja u svetu.
15:16
So we'll report on that later
to see how well this goes.
to see how well this goes.
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Pa ćemo vam javiti kasnije
da znate kako nam ide.
da znate kako nam ide.
15:20
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
15:22
Here's another thing we're doing:
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Evo šta još radimo:
15:24
During the talks this morning,
we've been automatically scraping Twitter
we've been automatically scraping Twitter
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Tokom jutrošnjih govora,
automatski smo pročešljavali Tviter
automatski smo pročešljavali Tviter
15:29
for the TED2015 hashtag,
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za haštag TED2015,
15:31
and we've been doing
an automated sentiment analysis,
an automated sentiment analysis,
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i obavljali smo
automatizovanu analizu osećanja,
automatizovanu analizu osećanja,
15:34
which means, are people using positive
words or negative words or neutral?
words or negative words or neutral?
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u smislu da li ljudi koriste
pozitivne, negativne ili neutralne reči?
pozitivne, negativne ili neutralne reči?
15:39
And while this has been going on,
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A dok je to bilo u toku,
15:41
I have been feeling this,
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ja sam to osećao,
15:44
and so I am plugged in
to the aggregate emotion
to the aggregate emotion
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pa sam priključen na sveukupnu emociju
15:48
of thousands of people in real time,
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na hiljade ljudi u realnom vremenu,
15:52
and that's a new kind of human experience,
because now I can know
because now I can know
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a to je novi vid ljudskog iskustva
jer sad mogu da znam
jer sad mogu da znam
15:56
how everyone's doing
and how much you're loving this.
and how much you're loving this.
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kako se svi osećate i koliko volite ovo.
16:00
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
16:06
It's a bigger experience
than a human can normally have.
than a human can normally have.
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Ovo iskustvo prevazilazi
normalna ljudska iskustva.
normalna ljudska iskustva.
16:11
We're also expanding the umvelt of pilots.
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Takođe proširujemo umwelt pilota.
16:14
So in this case, the vest is streaming
nine different measures
nine different measures
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U ovom slučaju, prsluk prenosi
devet različitih merenja
devet različitih merenja
16:18
from this quadcopter,
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ovog kvadkoptera,
16:20
so pitch and yaw and roll
and orientation and heading,
and orientation and heading,
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nagib, skretanje i obrtanje,
orjentaciju i pravac
orjentaciju i pravac
16:23
and that improves
this pilot's ability to fly it.
this pilot's ability to fly it.
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i to unapređuje
pilotovu sposobnost upravljanja.
pilotovu sposobnost upravljanja.
16:27
It's essentially like he's extending
his skin up there, far away.
his skin up there, far away.
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U suštini, to je kao produžetak
njegove kože visoko gore u daljini.
njegove kože visoko gore u daljini.
16:32
And that's just the beginning.
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A to je tek početak.
16:34
What we're envisioning is taking
a modern cockpit full of gauges
a modern cockpit full of gauges
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Naša zamisao je da uzmemo
savremeni kokpit, ispunjen spravama
savremeni kokpit, ispunjen spravama
16:40
and instead of trying
to read the whole thing, you feel it.
to read the whole thing, you feel it.
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i umesto da pokušavate
da ga tumačite, osećate ga.
da ga tumačite, osećate ga.
16:44
We live in a world of information now,
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Trenutno živimo u svetu informacija
16:47
and there is a difference
between accessing big data
between accessing big data
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i postoji razlika u pristupanju podacima
16:51
and experiencing it.
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i njihovom doživljavanju.
16:54
So I think there's really no end
to the possibilities
to the possibilities
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Smatram da zaista
ne postoje granice mogućnostima
ne postoje granice mogućnostima
16:58
on the horizon for human expansion.
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na horizontu ljudske ekspanzije.
17:00
Just imagine an astronaut
being able to feel
being able to feel
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Samo zamislite astronauta
koji je u stanju da oseti
koji je u stanju da oseti
17:05
the overall health
of the International Space Station,
of the International Space Station,
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sveukupno stanje
međunarodne svemirske stanice
međunarodne svemirske stanice
17:08
or, for that matter, having you feel
the invisible states of your own health,
the invisible states of your own health,
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ili, s tim u vezi, mogućnost da osetite
nevidljiva stanja sopstvenog zdravlja.
nevidljiva stanja sopstvenog zdravlja.
17:13
like your blood sugar
and the state of your microbiome,
and the state of your microbiome,
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Poput šećera u krvi
i stanja vašeg mikrobioma
i stanja vašeg mikrobioma
17:17
or having 360-degree vision
or seeing in infrared or ultraviolet.
or seeing in infrared or ultraviolet.
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ili da imate vid od 360 stepeni ili
da vidite infracrvenu ili ultraljubičastu.
da vidite infracrvenu ili ultraljubičastu.
17:23
So the key is this:
As we move into the future,
As we move into the future,
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Ključno je sledeće:
kako budemo odmicali u budućnost,
kako budemo odmicali u budućnost,
17:26
we're going to increasingly be able
to choose our own peripheral devices.
to choose our own peripheral devices.
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sve ćemo više da budemo u stanju
da izaberemo sopstvene periferne uređaje.
da izaberemo sopstvene periferne uređaje.
17:31
We no longer have to wait
for Mother Nature's sensory gifts
for Mother Nature's sensory gifts
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Više ne moramo da čekamo
na čulne darove majke prirode
na čulne darove majke prirode
17:35
on her timescales,
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u njenim vremenskim razmacima,
17:37
but instead, like any good parent,
she's given us the tools that we need
she's given us the tools that we need
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već nam je umesto toga, kao svaki
dobar roditelj, dala potrebna oruđa
dobar roditelj, dala potrebna oruđa
17:41
to go out and define our own trajectory.
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da se osamostalimo i odredimo
sopstvene putanje.
sopstvene putanje.
17:45
So the question now is,
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Sada se postavlja pitanje:
17:47
how do you want to go out
and experience your universe?
and experience your universe?
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kako želite da izađete u svet
i da doživite sopstveni univerzum?
i da doživite sopstveni univerzum?
17:52
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
17:54
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
18:11
Chris Anderson: Can you feel it?
DE: Yeah.
DE: Yeah.
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Kris Anderson: Osećaš li to?
DI: Da.
DI: Da.
18:13
Actually, this was the first time
I felt applause on the vest.
I felt applause on the vest.
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Zapravo, prvi put prslukom osećam aplauz.
18:16
It's nice. It's like a massage. (Laughter)
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Lepo je. Liči na masažu. (Smeh)
18:19
CA: Twitter's going crazy.
Twitter's going mad.
Twitter's going mad.
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KA: Tviter je poludeo. Van pameti je.
18:22
So that stock market experiment.
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Dakle, taj eksperiment s berzom.
18:25
This could be the first experiment
that secures its funding forevermore,
that secures its funding forevermore,
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Ovo bi mogao da bude prvi eksperiment
koji je sebi osigurao finansiranje zauvek,
koji je sebi osigurao finansiranje zauvek,
18:29
right, if successful?
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je li tako, ukoliko je uspešan?
18:31
DE: Well, that's right, I wouldn't
have to write to NIH anymore.
have to write to NIH anymore.
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DI: Pa, to je tačno, neću nikad više
morati da pišem zdravstvu.
morati da pišem zdravstvu.
18:34
CA: Well look, just to be
skeptical for a minute,
skeptical for a minute,
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KA: Pazi, budimo skeptični na kratko,
18:37
I mean, this is amazing,
but isn't most of the evidence so far
but isn't most of the evidence so far
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mislim, ovo je sjajno,
ali zar nije većina dosadašnjih dokaza
ali zar nije većina dosadašnjih dokaza
18:40
that sensory substitution works,
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2347
o tome da zamenska čula funkcionišu,
18:43
not necessarily
that sensory addition works?
that sensory addition works?
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ali ne nužno
i da čulni dodaci funkcionišu?
i da čulni dodaci funkcionišu?
18:45
I mean, isn't it possible that the
blind person can see through their tongue
blind person can see through their tongue
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Mislim, je li moguće
da slepa osoba može da vidi preko jezika
da slepa osoba može da vidi preko jezika
18:48
because the visual cortex is still there,
ready to process,
ready to process,
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zato što je vizuelni korteks i dalje tu,
spreman da obrađuje podatke
spreman da obrađuje podatke
18:53
and that that is needed as part of it?
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i da je to neophodan deo za to?
18:55
DE: That's a great question.
We actually have no idea
We actually have no idea
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DI: To je sjajno pitanje.
Zapravo nemamo pojma
Zapravo nemamo pojma
18:58
what the theoretical limits are of what
kind of data the brain can take in.
kind of data the brain can take in.
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koja su teoretska ograničenja tipa
podataka koje naš mozak može da primi.
podataka koje naš mozak može da primi.
19:02
The general story, though,
is that it's extraordinarily flexible.
is that it's extraordinarily flexible.
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Opšte je poznato, pak,
da je neverovatno fleksibilan.
da je neverovatno fleksibilan.
19:05
So when a person goes blind,
what we used to call their visual cortex
what we used to call their visual cortex
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Pa, kada osoba oslepi, ono
što smo nekad zvali vizuelnim korteksom
što smo nekad zvali vizuelnim korteksom
19:09
gets taken over by other things,
by touch, by hearing, by vocabulary.
by touch, by hearing, by vocabulary.
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preuzmu druge stvari: dodir, sluh, jezik.
19:14
So what that tells us is that
the cortex is kind of a one-trick pony.
the cortex is kind of a one-trick pony.
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To nam govori da je korteks
mađioničar koji zna jedan trik.
mađioničar koji zna jedan trik.
19:18
It just runs certain kinds
of computations on things.
of computations on things.
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On prosto izvodi određene
proračune o stvarima.
proračune o stvarima.
19:20
And when we look around
at things like braille, for example,
at things like braille, for example,
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Ako se osvrnemo na stvari,
poput Brajevog pisma, na primer,
poput Brajevog pisma, na primer,
19:24
people are getting information
through bumps on their fingers.
through bumps on their fingers.
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ljudi primaju informacije
preko jagodica na prstima.
preko jagodica na prstima.
19:27
So I don't thing we have any reason
to think there's a theoretical limit
to think there's a theoretical limit
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Zato mislim da nema razloga za sumnju
da postoje teorijska ograničenja
da postoje teorijska ograničenja
19:30
that we know the edge of.
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čije su nam granice poznate.
19:33
CA: If this checks out,
you're going to be deluged.
you're going to be deluged.
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KA: Ako se ovo pokaže, bićeš preplavljen.
19:36
There are so many
possible applications for this.
possible applications for this.
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Toliko je mogućih primena ovoga.
19:39
Are you ready for this? What are you most
excited about, the direction it might go?
excited about, the direction it might go?
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Jesi li spreman za to? Koji ti je pravac,
kojim ovo može da krene, najuzbudljiviji?
kojim ovo može da krene, najuzbudljiviji?
19:43
DE: I mean, I think there's
a lot of applications here.
a lot of applications here.
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DI: Mislim da su primene
ovoga mnogostruke.
ovoga mnogostruke.
19:46
In terms of beyond sensory substitution,
the things I started mentioning
the things I started mentioning
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U smislu mimo zamene za čula,
stvari koje sam počeo da nabrajam;
stvari koje sam počeo da nabrajam;
19:49
about astronauts on the space station,
they spend a lot of their time
they spend a lot of their time
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4370
o astronautima na svemirskim stanicama,
provode mnogo vremena
provode mnogo vremena
19:54
monitoring things, and they could instead
just get what's going on,
just get what's going on,
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pazeći na sve, a umesto toga
bi mogli prosto da osete šta se dešava
bi mogli prosto da osete šta se dešava
19:57
because what this is really good for
is multidimensional data.
is multidimensional data.
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jer ovo je zaista odlično
za višedimenzionalne podatke.
za višedimenzionalne podatke.
20:00
The key is this: Our visual systems
are good at detecting blobs and edges,
are good at detecting blobs and edges,
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Ključno je sledeće: naši vizuelni sitemi
su dobri u zapažanju grudvica i ivica,
su dobri u zapažanju grudvica i ivica,
20:05
but they're really bad
at what our world has become,
at what our world has become,
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ali su zaista loši
u snalaženju u savremenom svetu,
u snalaženju u savremenom svetu,
20:07
which is screens
with lots and lots of data.
with lots and lots of data.
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koji sadrži ekrane
s mnogo, mnogo podataka.
s mnogo, mnogo podataka.
20:10
We have to crawl that
with our attentional systems.
with our attentional systems.
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Moramo da milimo kroz to
našim sistemima za pažnju.
našim sistemima za pažnju.
20:12
So this is a way of just
feeling the state of something,
feeling the state of something,
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Pa je ovo način da prosto
osetite stanje nečeg,
osetite stanje nečeg,
20:15
just like the way you know the state
of your body as you're standing around.
of your body as you're standing around.
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baš kao što vam je poznato
stanje vašeg tela dok stojite.
stanje vašeg tela dok stojite.
Smatram da će teške mehanizacije,
sigurnost, osećanje stanja fabrike,
sigurnost, osećanje stanja fabrike,
20:18
So I think heavy machinery, safety,
feeling the state of a factory,
feeling the state of a factory,
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20:22
of your equipment, that's one place
it'll go right away.
it'll go right away.
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3064
vaše opreme, to je jedno od mesta
gde će odmah da se primeni.
gde će odmah da se primeni.
20:25
CA: David Eagleman, that was one
mind-blowing talk. Thank you very much.
mind-blowing talk. Thank you very much.
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KA: Dejvide Iglmane, ovo je bio
impresivan govor. Mnogo ti hvala.
impresivan govor. Mnogo ti hvala.
20:28
DE: Thank you, Chris.
(Applause)
(Applause)
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DI: Hvala tebi, Krise. (Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Eagleman - NeuroscientistDavid Eagleman decodes the mysteries of the tangled web of neurons and electricity that make our minds tick -- and also make us human.
Why you should listen
As the creator of stacks of compelling research, books and now the 6-part PBS series The Brain, grey matter expert David Eagleman is our most visible evangelist for neuroscience. He has helmed ground-breaking studies on time perception, brain plasticity and neurolaw. His latest research explores technology that bypasses sensory impairment -- such as a smartphone-controlled vest that translates sound into patterns of vibration for the deaf.
Eagleman is also the author of Sum, an internationally bestselling short story collection speculating on life, death and what it means to be human. Translated into 28 languages, Sum has been turned into two separate operas at the Sydney Opera House and the Royal Opera House in London.
David Eagleman | Speaker | TED.com