Yanis Varoufakis: Capitalism will eat democracy -- unless we speak up
یانیس واروفاکیس: سرمایهداری دموکراسی را قورت میدهد، مگر اینکه چیزی بگوییم
Yanis Varoufakis thinks we need a radically new way of thinking about the economy, finance and capitalism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
taking it for granted.
اشتباه بزرگی مرتکب شدیم.
of flowers that it really is,
واقعا هست نبود،
of our society's furniture.
میدانیم.
as an intransigent given.
فکر کنیم.
begets inevitably democracy.
به دموکراسی ختم میشود.
and his great imitators in Beijing
و پیروان بزرگش در پکن
to have a flourishing capitalism,
دموکراسی است.
in our neck of the woods,
در حال تضعیف است،
while I was representing Greece --
من بعنوان وزیر اقتصاد
that our nation's democratic process --
فرآیند دموکراتیک ملی ما
that were being implemented in Greece.
که در یونان به اجرا گذاشته شده بود.
vindication of Lee Kuan Yew,
برای افکارِ لیکوانیو،
friends of mine who kept telling me
به من میگویند که
if it ever threatened to change anything.
جلوی آن را گرفت.
for an authentic democracy.
را ارائه کنم.
to join me in believing again
برای باور دوباره به اینکه
that we can dispense with democracy --
دموکراسی را نادیده بگیریم،
و قابل اطمینان نیاز داریم.
boisterous democracy.
an interesting paradox
our economies as we speak.
را تهدید میکند،
that has been casting a long shadow
بر پیکرهی
Europe, the whole world.
and to corporations,
شرکتهایی است که
that can generate the incomes
the mountain of debts
بدهی را از میان برد
that humanity desperately needs,
بشر به آن نیاز دارد،
in Britain and in the Eurozone,
3.4 trillion dollars
سرمایهگذاری کردیم
and so on and so forth.
این قبیل.
مقایسه میکنید که
in the same countries,
during the same period
and bidding up house prices.
افزایش دهند.
and a mountain of idle cash
پولهای بیکار
failing to cancel each other out
که قادر به خنثی کردن یکدیگر
operation of the markets.
in America, in Japan and in Europe
در امریکا،
با عدم سرمایهگذاری، موجب آن میشوند
reproduce it by not investing --
by the prophecy of the oracle
his son, would kill him.
ادیپ کشته خواهد شد.
بکار گرفته شوند،
all these technologies,
for saving planet Earth.
که برای این هدف نیاز داریم؟
that democracy might be the answer?
in which the free and the poor,
دولت را کنترل کنند.
استثنا کرده بود.
excluded too many.
of course, the slaves.
of ancient Athenian democracy
about ancient Athenian democracy,
the right to free speech,
to political judgments
concerning matters of state.
را بدست میآوردند.
democracy didn't last long.
با دوام نبود،
it burned out quickly.
خاموش شد.
do not have their roots in ancient Athens.
یونان باستان ندارند،
[ماگنا کارتا، منشور قانونی انگلستان]
was focusing on the masterless citizen
شهروندانِ آزاد
تمرکز میکرد
سنتِ منشور کبیر،
on the Magna Carta tradition,
a charter for masters.
only surfaced when it was possible
روی کار میآمد که امکانِ
from the economic sphere,
وجود داشت،
fully in the political sphere,
کاملا محدود به فضای سیاسی کرد
from the political sphere,
epic struggle between the two,
colonizing the political sphere,
استعمار خود در آورده،
آنگونه که قبلا بودند، نیستند؟
are not what they used to be?
has degenerated.
in government today and not in power,
دولت بود، اما قدرت نداشت،
from the political to the economic sphere,
منتقل شده است،
with capitalism.
a population of predators,
آسیب برسانند که،
the prey that they must feed on,
and cannibalizing the political sphere
قرار داده
that it is undermining itself,
to invest the cash of their corporations.
هراسان هستند.
in taking the demos out of democracy,
را از دموکراسی دور نگه دارد،
of human resources
and economic spheres
سیاسی را دوباره متحد کنیم
with a demos being in control,
انجام دهیم،
except without the slaves
قرار دادن بردهها
had that idea 100 years ago
دنبال کرده است
from the Soviet debacle
will the working poor be reempowered,
میتواند دوباره قدرتمند شود،
of brutality and waste.
اتلاف [منابع] ایجاد شوند.
with automata, androids, robots.
کارگران با دستمزد پائین،
and the political spheres are separate,
و اقتصادی تفکیک شدهاند
[این پدیده رخ خواهد داد].
and the political spheres,
بار دیگر متحد کنیم
by democratizing the reunified sphere,
فضای متحد شده انجام دهیم،
a surveillance-mad hyperautocracy
اَبَر استبداد دیوانهواری نشویم که
look like a documentary.
جلوه کند
whether capitalism will survive
از دستِ
دوام میآورد یا نه.
it is spawning.
by something resembling a Matrix dystopia
ماتریکس موفق [به زنده ماندن] خواهد بود
to a Star Trek-like society,
exploring the universe
میدهد
about the meaning of life
high tech agora.
بود هستند.
instead of the Matrix-like dystopia?
بجای ناکجاآبادی همچون ماتریکس؟
دریافت میکنید،
from one job to another,
از یک کار به کار دیگر،
to work at at that time --
to work in it at that moment.
در آن بنگاه کار میکنند.
from capital, from profits,
نشات میگیرد،
منسوخ میشود.
of wage labor becomes obsolete.
who own but do not work in the company
ولی در آن کار نمیکنند
but do not own the company;
وجود نخواهد داشت؛
between capital and labor;
وجود نخواهد داشت؛
investment and saving;
و پساندازها
وجود نخواهد داشت.
political economy,
have a free-floating exchange rate,
global, digital currency,
by the International Monetary Fund,
is denominated in this currency --
به یک صندوق مشترک
to be paying into a common fund
to the country's trade deficit,
to invest in green technologies,
در تکنولوژیهای سبز بکار برده شوند،
where investment funding is scarce.
چندانی وجود ندارد.
John Maynard Keynes proposed
the technology to implement it.
این ایده را نداشتند،
of a reunified political-economic sphere.
فضای اقتصادی و سیاسی.
empowered individuals,
to the dustbin of history
و سرمایه
to imagine an authentic democracy.
را تصور کنیم.
نزول خواهیم کرد؟
into a Matrix-like dystopia?
that we shall be making collectively.
ما بصورت جمعی اتخاذ میکنیم.
انجام دهیم.
آزادیخواه معرفی کردید.
in your bios as a libertarian Marxist.
همخوانی دارد؟
of Marx's analysis today?
گفتم، درست باشد
any relevance in what I just said,
the political and economic is --
اقتصادی این است که
is going to create
refers to as secular stagnation.
from one part of the world,
not only our democracies,
کشورهای ما [غرب]،
that keen on liberal democracy.
به لیبرال دموکراسی نیستند، میشود.
then Marx is absolutely relevant.
پس اندیشههای مارکس درست هستند.
آزادیخواه هستم
you are not thinking, OK?
کردن نیستی، درسته؟
philosopher kind of thing to say --
انتظار میره بشنوی
you mentioned Singapore and China,
اشاره کردی،
about how the West looks at China.
چین مطرح کردی.
degree of hypocrisy.
مسئله وجود داره.
we have a semblance of democracy.
دیده میشه.
as I was saying in my talk,
اینکه ما دموکراسی را
where all the action is --
in the 19th century.
نوزدهم است.
liberalism with democracy --
وابسته بدانیم،
it's like John Stuart Mill.
جان استوارت میل.
skeptical about the democratic process.
دموکراتیک شکاک بود.
is a very similar process
مشاهده میکنید، بسیار مشابه فرآیندی است که
during the Industrial Revolution,
from the first to the second.
in the 19th century,
انجام داد
are wondering about your experience
تجربه شما
earlier this year.
متعجب هستند.
at the first half of the year?
from a personal point of view,
to reboot the Eurozone.
اتحادیه اروپا رو داشتیم.
that there was a massive --
architectural fault line
اتحادیه اروپا
the whole of the European Union process.
تهدید میکند.
on the basis of the Greek program --
to manifest that denial --
ساخت
of the Soviet Union.
ساختاری امکان زنده ماندن ندارد،
that architecturally cannot survive,
and through authoritarianism,
and catastrophically.
are you foreseeing?
the architecture of the Eurozone,
ندهیم،
when you were Finance Minister?
اشتباهی مرتکب شدید؟
YV: Anybody who looks back --
واروفاکیس: هر کسی به گذشته نگاه کند
or of anything else for that matter,
they're dangerous people.
آدم خطرناکیه
was to sign the application
on the side of the creditors
in crushing our government,
the architectural fault lines
دارد
a catastrophic program in Greece.
را در یونان اجرا میکردند
خود را از دست دادیم.
that have been imposing this policy
تحمیل کردهاند
این [سیاستها] اشتباه بزرگی بودند.
of the discussion,
quite pro-European.
اتحادیه اروپا هستید.
of the European Union and the Eurozone
who lives and breathes Europe.
و زندگی میکند.
زنده نماند.
the Eurozone will not survive.
that will be unleashed
not just for Europe
economy in the world.
هستیم.
of the postmodern 1930's,
and non-Europeans alike.
غیر اروپاییها وارد خواهد شد.
you are wrong on that point.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yanis Varoufakis - Economist and professorYanis Varoufakis thinks we need a radically new way of thinking about the economy, finance and capitalism.
Why you should listen
Yanis Varoufakis describes himself as a "libertarian Marxist," although, he says, "It is not something that I volunteer to talk about much, because the very mention of Marx switches audiences off." He teaches economic theory at the University of Athens, where he challenges mainstream notions -- arguing that after the financial crash of 2008 we need a radically new way of thinking about the economy, finance and capitalism.
He became widely known in the first half of 2015 when, as Minister of Finance of the newly formed Greek government, he was a leading, outspoken and much-discussed figure in the renegotiations of Greece's debt.
In May 2017, Varoufakis released Adults in The Room: My Battle With Europe’s Deep Establishment, a personal account of Europe's hidden agenda and an urgent wake-up call to renew European democracy.
Yanis Varoufakis | Speaker | TED.com