TEDGlobal 2014
Asha de Vos: Why you should care about whale poo
Aša de Vos (Asha de Vos): Zašto treba da brinete o izmetu kita
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Kitovi imaju iznenađujući i bitan posao, kaže morski biolog Aša de Vos. Ova masivna stvorenja su inženjeri ekosistema i okeane čine zdravim i stabilnim tako što... pa, za početak, kake. Od de Vosove, učesnice TED Fellow programa, saznajte o potcenjenom poslu koji kitovi obavljaju kako bi održali stabilnost i zdravlje naših mora i naše planete.
Asha de Vos - Protector of whales
Dedicated to increasing awareness about Northern Indian Ocean blue whales, Asha de Vos is also committed to inspiring the next generation of marine biologists. Full bio
Dedicated to increasing awareness about Northern Indian Ocean blue whales, Asha de Vos is also committed to inspiring the next generation of marine biologists. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
In the 1600s, there were so many
right whales in Cape Cod Bay
right whales in Cape Cod Bay
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1600-tih, u zalivu Kejp Kod
bilo je toliko južnih kitova
bilo je toliko južnih kitova
00:16
off the east coast of the U.S.
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sa istočne obale SAD-a
00:18
that apparently you could
walk across their backs
walk across their backs
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da ste navodno mogli da hodate
preko njihovih leđa
preko njihovih leđa
00:22
from one end of the bay to the other.
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s jednog na drugi kraj zaliva.
00:25
Today, they number in the hundreds,
and they're endangered.
and they're endangered.
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Danas je ova brojka u stotinama
i oni su ugroženi.
i oni su ugroženi.
00:28
Like them, many species of whales
saw their numbers drastically reduced
saw their numbers drastically reduced
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Poput njih, mnoge vrste kitova
su se drastično smanjile u broju
su se drastično smanjile u broju
00:33
by 200 years of whaling,
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zbog 200 godina lova na kitove
00:36
where they were hunted and killed
for their whale meat, oil and whale bone.
for their whale meat, oil and whale bone.
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gde su ih lovili i ubijali
zbog mesa, ulja i kosti.
zbog mesa, ulja i kosti.
00:43
We only have whales in our waters today
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Danas u svojim vodama imamo kitove
00:45
because of the Save the Whales
movement of the '70s.
movement of the '70s.
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samo zbog pokreta "Spasimo kitove"
iz 70-tih godina prošlog veka.
iz 70-tih godina prošlog veka.
00:49
It was instrumental in stopping
commercial whaling,
commercial whaling,
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On je bio krucijalan za zaustavljanje
komercijalnog lova na kitove
komercijalnog lova na kitove
00:52
and was built on the idea that
if we couldn't save whales,
if we couldn't save whales,
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i zasnovan je na ideji da
ako ne možemo da spasimo kitove,
ako ne možemo da spasimo kitove,
00:56
what could we save?
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šta onda možemo da spasimo?
00:58
It was ultimately a test
of our political ability
of our political ability
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To je na kraju bio test
naše političke sposobnosti
naše političke sposobnosti
01:01
to halt environmental destruction.
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da zaustavimo uništavanje okoline.
01:04
So in the early '80s, there was
a ban on commercial whaling
a ban on commercial whaling
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Početkom 80-ih, stavljena je zabrana
na komercijalni lov kitova
na komercijalni lov kitova
01:08
that came into force
as a result of this campaign.
as a result of this campaign.
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koja je stupila na snagu
kao posledica ove kampanje.
kao posledica ove kampanje.
01:11
Whales in our waters are still
low in numbers, however,
low in numbers, however,
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Ipak, u našim vodama je još uvek
bilo malo kitova,
bilo malo kitova,
01:14
because they do face a range
of other human-induced threats.
of other human-induced threats.
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jer se oni susreću sa nizom
drugih pretnji koje prouzrokuje čovek.
drugih pretnji koje prouzrokuje čovek.
01:19
Unfortunately, many people still think
that whale conservationists like myself
that whale conservationists like myself
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Nažalost, mnogi još misle da aktivisti
za spasavanje kitova poput mene
za spasavanje kitova poput mene
01:27
do what we do only because these creatures
are charismatic and beautiful.
are charismatic and beautiful.
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rade ono što mi radimo samo zato što
su ova stvorenja harizmatična i prelepa.
su ova stvorenja harizmatična i prelepa.
01:33
This is actually a disservice,
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Ovo je zapravo medveđa usluga
01:36
because whales are ecosystem engineers.
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jer su kitovi inženjeri ekosistema.
01:40
They help maintain the stability
and health of the oceans,
and health of the oceans,
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Oni pomažu da se održi
stabilnost i zdravlje okeana
stabilnost i zdravlje okeana
01:44
and even provide services
to human society.
to human society.
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i čak pružaju usluge ljudskom društvu.
01:49
So let's talk about why
saving whales is critical
saving whales is critical
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Popričajmo o tome
zašto je spasavanje kitova ključno
zašto je spasavanje kitova ključno
01:53
to the resiliency of the oceans.
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za otpornost okeana.
01:56
It boils down to two main things:
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Svodi se na dve glavne stvari:
02:01
whale poop and rotting carcasses.
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izmet kitova i leševe koji trunu.
02:04
As whales dive to the depths to feed
and come up to the surface to breathe,
and come up to the surface to breathe,
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Kako kitovi rone u dubine da se hrane
i penju se na površinu da dišu,
i penju se na površinu da dišu,
02:10
they actually release these
enormous fecal plumes.
enormous fecal plumes.
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oni zapravo ispuštaju ogromne
oblake fekalija.
oblake fekalija.
02:13
This whale pump, as it's called,
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Ova pumpa za kitove, tako se zove,
02:15
actually brings essential limiting
nutrients from the depths
nutrients from the depths
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zapravo donosi bitne ograničavajuće
hranljive sastojke iz dubina
hranljive sastojke iz dubina
02:18
to the surface waters where they
stimulate the growth of phytoplankton,
stimulate the growth of phytoplankton,
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na površinu, gde oni stimulišu
rast fitoplanktona,
rast fitoplanktona,
02:22
which forms the base
of all marine food chains.
of all marine food chains.
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koji stvara osnovu
za sve lance ishrane u morskoj vodi.
za sve lance ishrane u morskoj vodi.
02:26
So really, having more whales
in the oceans pooping
in the oceans pooping
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Zapravo, kada imate više kitova
koji kake u okeanima,
koji kake u okeanima,
02:29
is really beneficial
to the entire ecosystem.
to the entire ecosystem.
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to je veoma korisno za ceo ekosistem.
02:33
Whales are also known to undertake some
of the longest migrations of all mammals.
of the longest migrations of all mammals.
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Kitovi su takođe poznati po tome što vrše
neke od najdužih migracija od svih sisara.
neke od najdužih migracija od svih sisara.
02:38
Gray whales off America
migrate 16,000 kilometers
migrate 16,000 kilometers
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Sivi kitovi iz Amerike
se sele 16 000 kilometara
se sele 16 000 kilometara
02:44
between productive feeding areas and less
productive calving, or birthing, areas
productive calving, or birthing, areas
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između plodnih područja za hranjenje
i manje plodnih za porađanje,
i manje plodnih za porađanje,
02:50
and back every year.
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do tamo i nazad, svake godine.
02:53
As they do so, they transport fertilizer
in the form of their feces
in the form of their feces
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Dok to rade, oni prenose đubrivo
u obliku svojih fekalija
u obliku svojih fekalija
02:58
from places that have it
to places that need it.
to places that need it.
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od mesta koje ga imaju
do mesta kojima je potrebno.
do mesta kojima je potrebno.
03:02
So clearly, whales are really
important in nutrient cycling,
important in nutrient cycling,
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Jasno je da su kitovi veoma bitni
za ciklus hranljivih materija
za ciklus hranljivih materija
03:06
both horizontally and vertically,
through the oceans.
through the oceans.
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kroz okeane, i horizontalno i vertikalno.
03:09
But what's really cool is that they're
also really important after they're dead.
also really important after they're dead.
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Ali zapravo je kul to što su takođe
veoma bitni i kada su mrtvi.
veoma bitni i kada su mrtvi.
03:16
Whale carcasses are some of
the largest form of detritus
the largest form of detritus
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Leševi kitova su jedan od najvećih
oblika otpada koji pada
oblika otpada koji pada
03:20
to fall from the ocean's surface,
and they're called whale fall.
and they're called whale fall.
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sa površine okeana,
i nazivaju se kitovim otpadom.
i nazivaju se kitovim otpadom.
03:25
As these carcasses sink,
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Dok ovi leševi tonu,
03:27
they provide a feast
to some 400-odd species,
to some 400-odd species,
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oni pružaju gozbu za oko 400 vrsta,
03:30
including the eel-shaped, slime-producing
hagfish.
hagfish.
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uključujući slepulju, ribu
u obliku jegulje koja proizvodi sluz.
u obliku jegulje koja proizvodi sluz.
03:35
So over the 200 years of whaling,
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Tokom preko 200 godina lova na kitove,
03:37
when we were busy killing and removing
these carcasses from the oceans,
these carcasses from the oceans,
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dok smo bili zauzeti ubijanjem
i uklanjanjem ovih leševa iz okeana,
i uklanjanjem ovih leševa iz okeana,
03:41
we likely altered the rate and geographic
distribution of these whale falls
distribution of these whale falls
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verovatno smo izmenili stepen
i geografsku raspodelu kitovog otpada
i geografsku raspodelu kitovog otpada
03:47
that would descend into deep oceans,
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koji bi pao u dubinu okeana
03:49
and as a result, probably led
to a number of extinctions
to a number of extinctions
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i za posledicu smo verovatno doveli
do niza izumrlih vrsta
do niza izumrlih vrsta
03:53
of species that were most specialized
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koje su bile usavršene
03:55
and dependent on these carcasses
for their survival.
for their survival.
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i zavisile su od ovih leševa
kako bi preživele.
kako bi preživele.
03:59
Whale carcasses are also known
to transport about 190,000 tons of carbon,
to transport about 190,000 tons of carbon,
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Leševi kitova takođe prenose
oko 190 000 tona ugljenika
oko 190 000 tona ugljenika
04:07
which is the equivalent of that produced
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iz atmosfere u dubinu okeana,
04:10
by 80,000 cars per year
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što je jednako količini koju proizvede
04:13
from the atmosphere to the deep oceans,
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80 000 automobila godišnje.
04:16
and the deep oceans
are what we call "carbon sinks,"
are what we call "carbon sinks,"
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Dubine okeana su ono što nazivamo
"sudoperama za ugljenik",
"sudoperama za ugljenik",
04:19
because they trap and hold
excess carbon from the atmosphere,
excess carbon from the atmosphere,
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jer zadržavaju
višak ugljenika iz atmosfere
višak ugljenika iz atmosfere
04:23
and therefore help
to delay global warming.
to delay global warming.
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i tako pomažu
odlaganje globalnog zagrevanja.
odlaganje globalnog zagrevanja.
04:27
Sometimes these carcasses
also wash up on beaches
also wash up on beaches
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Ovi leševi takođe ponekad
isplivaju na plaže
isplivaju na plaže
04:31
and provide a meal to a number
of predatory species on land.
of predatory species on land.
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i pružaju obrok jednom broju
grabljivica na kopnu.
grabljivica na kopnu.
04:36
The 200 years of whaling
was clearly detrimental
was clearly detrimental
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200 godina lova na kitove
očigledno je bilo štetno
očigledno je bilo štetno
04:40
and caused a reduction
in the populations of whales
in the populations of whales
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i izazvalo je smanjenje
u populaciji kitova
u populaciji kitova
04:43
between 60 to 90 percent.
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između 60 i 90 procenata.
04:46
Clearly, the Save the Whales movement
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Pokret "Spasimo kitove" je očigledno
04:48
was instrumental in preventing
commercial whaling from going on,
commercial whaling from going on,
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bio bitan da se spreči nastavak
komercijalnog lova na kitove,
komercijalnog lova na kitove,
04:52
but we need to revise this.
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ali moramo da obnovimo ovo.
04:55
We need to address the more modern,
pressing problems that these whales face
pressing problems that these whales face
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Moramo da rešimo modernije
i hitnije probleme sa kojim se suočavaju
i hitnije probleme sa kojim se suočavaju
05:00
in our waters today.
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ovi kitovi danas u našim vodama.
05:02
Amongst other things, we need to stop them
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Između ostalog, moramo da sprečimo
05:04
from getting plowed down by container
ships when they're in their feeding areas,
ships when they're in their feeding areas,
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da ih udaraju brodovi s kontejnerima
kada su u područjima za hranjenje
kada su u područjima za hranjenje
05:09
and stop them from getting
entangled in fishing nets
entangled in fishing nets
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i da sprečimo da se upliću
u ribarske mreže
u ribarske mreže
05:11
as they float around in the ocean.
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dok plutaju u okeanima.
05:14
We also need to learn to contextualize
our conservation messages,
our conservation messages,
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Takođe moramo da naučimo da svoje
poruke o sačuvanju stavimo u kontekst
poruke o sačuvanju stavimo u kontekst
05:18
so people really understand the true
ecosystem value of these creatures.
ecosystem value of these creatures.
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kako bi ljudi zaista razumeli pravu
vrednost ovih stvorenja za ekosistem.
vrednost ovih stvorenja za ekosistem.
05:25
So, let's save the whales again,
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Zato hajde da ponovo spasimo kitove,
05:30
but this time, let's not just
do it for their sake.
do it for their sake.
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ali ovog puta, ne samo zbog njih samih.
05:34
Let's also do it for ours.
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Uradimo to i zbog nas.
05:36
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:39
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Asha de Vos - Protector of whalesDedicated to increasing awareness about Northern Indian Ocean blue whales, Asha de Vos is also committed to inspiring the next generation of marine biologists.
Why you should listen
Asha de Vos is a marine biologist and TED Fellow who specializes in researching and working with marine mammals. She has degrees from the Universities of St. Andrews and Oxford, and her PhD from the University of Western Australia. She oversees the Sri Lankan Blue Whale Project, the first long-term study on blue whales within the northern Indian Ocean.
A Duke University Global Fellow in Marine Conservation, de Vos previously worked at the International Union for the Conservation of Nature while she has also consulted with the National Aquatic Research Agency. She was a panelist at the Rio+20 summit in Rio de Janeiro in 2012.
More profile about the speakerA Duke University Global Fellow in Marine Conservation, de Vos previously worked at the International Union for the Conservation of Nature while she has also consulted with the National Aquatic Research Agency. She was a panelist at the Rio+20 summit in Rio de Janeiro in 2012.
Asha de Vos | Speaker | TED.com