TEDGlobal 2014
Asha de Vos: Why you should care about whale poo
Asha de Vos: Zašto bi vam trebalo biti stalo do kitova izmeta?
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Kitovi imaju zanimljiv i važan posao, kaže morska biologinja Asha de Vos: ova ogromna stvorenja su inženjeri ekosustava, čuvaju oceane zdravima i stabilnima tako što ... pa, za početak - kakaju. Naučite od Ashe de Vos, TED Fellow-a, o podcijenjenom poslu kitova koji pomažu u očuvanju stabilnosti i zdravlja naših mora - i našega Planeta.
Asha de Vos - Protector of whales
Dedicated to increasing awareness about Northern Indian Ocean blue whales, Asha de Vos is also committed to inspiring the next generation of marine biologists. Full bio
Dedicated to increasing awareness about Northern Indian Ocean blue whales, Asha de Vos is also committed to inspiring the next generation of marine biologists. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
In the 1600s, there were so many
right whales in Cape Cod Bay
right whales in Cape Cod Bay
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Tijekom 1600-tih bilo je toliko puno
glatkih crnih kitova u zaljevu Cape Coda,
glatkih crnih kitova u zaljevu Cape Coda,
00:16
off the east coast of the U.S.
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na istočnoj obali SAD-a,
00:18
that apparently you could
walk across their backs
walk across their backs
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da ste mogli hodajući
po njihovim leđima,
po njihovim leđima,
00:22
from one end of the bay to the other.
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prijeći s jedne strane zaljeva na drugu.
00:25
Today, they number in the hundreds,
and they're endangered.
and they're endangered.
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Danas se oni broje u stotinama
i ugrožena su vrsta.
i ugrožena su vrsta.
00:28
Like them, many species of whales
saw their numbers drastically reduced
saw their numbers drastically reduced
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Ali i drugim vrstama kitova
je broj drastično smanjen
je broj drastično smanjen
00:33
by 200 years of whaling,
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dvjestogodišnjim kitolovom,
00:36
where they were hunted and killed
for their whale meat, oil and whale bone.
for their whale meat, oil and whale bone.
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tijekom kojeg su izlovljavani i ubijani
zbog svojega mesa, ulja i usiju.
zbog svojega mesa, ulja i usiju.
00:43
We only have whales in our waters today
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Kitovi su u našim morima danas
00:45
because of the Save the Whales
movement of the '70s.
movement of the '70s.
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samo zbog pokreta
"Spasimo kitove" sedamdesetih.
"Spasimo kitove" sedamdesetih.
00:49
It was instrumental in stopping
commercial whaling,
commercial whaling,
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On je imao presudnu važnost u
zaustavljanju komercijalnog kitolova,
zaustavljanju komercijalnog kitolova,
00:52
and was built on the idea that
if we couldn't save whales,
if we couldn't save whales,
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a nastao je na ideji da
ako ne možemo spasiti kitove,
ako ne možemo spasiti kitove,
00:56
what could we save?
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što možemo?
00:58
It was ultimately a test
of our political ability
of our political ability
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Zapravo je bio test naše
političke mogućnosti
političke mogućnosti
01:01
to halt environmental destruction.
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da zaustavimo uništavanje okoliša.
01:04
So in the early '80s, there was
a ban on commercial whaling
a ban on commercial whaling
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Tako je ranih osamdesetih na snazi bila
zabrana komercijalnog kitolova
zabrana komercijalnog kitolova
01:08
that came into force
as a result of this campaign.
as a result of this campaign.
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kao direktan rezultat te kampanje.
01:11
Whales in our waters are still
low in numbers, however,
low in numbers, however,
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Kitovi su u našim morima
još uvijek malobrojni,
još uvijek malobrojni,
01:14
because they do face a range
of other human-induced threats.
of other human-induced threats.
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jer su suočeni s drugim opasnostima
izazvanim čovjekovim djelovanjem.
izazvanim čovjekovim djelovanjem.
01:19
Unfortunately, many people still think
that whale conservationists like myself
that whale conservationists like myself
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Nažalost, mnogi smatraju da ljudi
koji se bave očuvanjem kitova, kao ja,
koji se bave očuvanjem kitova, kao ja,
01:27
do what we do only because these creatures
are charismatic and beautiful.
are charismatic and beautiful.
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rade taj posao samo zbog toga jer
su ta stvorenja karizmatična i lijepa.
su ta stvorenja karizmatična i lijepa.
01:33
This is actually a disservice,
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A to im nije kompliment
01:36
because whales are ecosystem engineers.
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jer su kitovi inženjeri ekosustava.
01:40
They help maintain the stability
and health of the oceans,
and health of the oceans,
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Oni pomažu održati
stabilnost i zdravlje oceana,
stabilnost i zdravlje oceana,
01:44
and even provide services
to human society.
to human society.
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a pomažu i ljudskoj zajednici.
01:49
So let's talk about why
saving whales is critical
saving whales is critical
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Pa, popričajmo zašto je
spašavanje kitova kritično
spašavanje kitova kritično
01:53
to the resiliency of the oceans.
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za obnavljanje oceana.
01:56
It boils down to two main things:
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Svodi se na dvije bitne stvari:
02:01
whale poop and rotting carcasses.
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kitov izmet i lešine.
02:04
As whales dive to the depths to feed
and come up to the surface to breathe,
and come up to the surface to breathe,
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Kitovi rone u dubine kako bi se hranili,
a na površinu dolaze kako bi disali,
a na površinu dolaze kako bi disali,
02:10
they actually release these
enormous fecal plumes.
enormous fecal plumes.
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pri tome ispuštaju ove
ogromne fekalne oblake.
ogromne fekalne oblake.
02:13
This whale pump, as it's called,
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Ovi kitovi oblaci, tako se zovu,
02:15
actually brings essential limiting
nutrients from the depths
nutrients from the depths
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zapravo donose esencijalne
ograničene hranjive tvari iz dubine
ograničene hranjive tvari iz dubine
02:18
to the surface waters where they
stimulate the growth of phytoplankton,
stimulate the growth of phytoplankton,
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na površinu vode gdje potiču
rast fitoplanktona,
rast fitoplanktona,
02:22
which forms the base
of all marine food chains.
of all marine food chains.
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koji je temelj morskog
prehrambenog lanca.
prehrambenog lanca.
02:26
So really, having more whales
in the oceans pooping
in the oceans pooping
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Tako da što više kitovi
kakaju u oceanima
kakaju u oceanima
02:29
is really beneficial
to the entire ecosystem.
to the entire ecosystem.
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to je ekosustav bolji.
02:33
Whales are also known to undertake some
of the longest migrations of all mammals.
of the longest migrations of all mammals.
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Kitovi su također poznati kao jedni od
sisavaca s najvećim migracijama.
sisavaca s najvećim migracijama.
02:38
Gray whales off America
migrate 16,000 kilometers
migrate 16,000 kilometers
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Sivi kitovi odlaze i do 16.000
kilometara od obala Amerike
kilometara od obala Amerike
02:44
between productive feeding areas and less
productive calving, or birthing, areas
productive calving, or birthing, areas
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između produktivnih područja hranjenja i
manje produktivnih, teljenja ili rađanja
manje produktivnih, teljenja ili rađanja
02:50
and back every year.
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te natrag svake godine.
02:53
As they do so, they transport fertilizer
in the form of their feces
in the form of their feces
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Pri tome, oni prenose gnojivo,
u obliku svojeg izmeta,
u obliku svojeg izmeta,
02:58
from places that have it
to places that need it.
to places that need it.
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od mjesta gdje je gnojivo nastalo
do mjesta gdje je gnojivo potrebno.
do mjesta gdje je gnojivo potrebno.
03:02
So clearly, whales are really
important in nutrient cycling,
important in nutrient cycling,
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Očito je da su kitovi zaista
važni u cirkulaciji hranjivih tvari,
važni u cirkulaciji hranjivih tvari,
03:06
both horizontally and vertically,
through the oceans.
through the oceans.
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preko oceana
horizontalno i vertikalno.
horizontalno i vertikalno.
03:09
But what's really cool is that they're
also really important after they're dead.
also really important after they're dead.
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Ali ono što je zbilja zanimljivo je
da su kitovi važni i kada su mrtvi.
da su kitovi važni i kada su mrtvi.
03:16
Whale carcasses are some of
the largest form of detritus
the largest form of detritus
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Lešine kitova spadaju među
najveće oblike 'ruševina'
najveće oblike 'ruševina'
03:20
to fall from the ocean's surface,
and they're called whale fall.
and they're called whale fall.
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što padaju s površine oceana,
a zove se "kitov pad".
a zove se "kitov pad".
03:25
As these carcasses sink,
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Kako lešina tone,
03:27
they provide a feast
to some 400-odd species,
to some 400-odd species,
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ona postaje gozba za
400-tinjak čudnovatih vrsta,
400-tinjak čudnovatih vrsta,
03:30
including the eel-shaped, slime-producing
hagfish.
hagfish.
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uključujući i sljepulju koja liči na
jegulju i proizvodi sluz.
jegulju i proizvodi sluz.
03:35
So over the 200 years of whaling,
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Tijekom 200 godina kitolova,
03:37
when we were busy killing and removing
these carcasses from the oceans,
these carcasses from the oceans,
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kada smo ubijali i ukljanjali
ove lešine iz oceana,
ove lešine iz oceana,
03:41
we likely altered the rate and geographic
distribution of these whale falls
distribution of these whale falls
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vjerojatno smo izmijenili razmjer i
geografsku distribuciju "kitovih padova"
geografsku distribuciju "kitovih padova"
03:47
that would descend into deep oceans,
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u dubokim oceanima,
03:49
and as a result, probably led
to a number of extinctions
to a number of extinctions
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što je vjerojatno rezultiralo izumiranjem
03:53
of species that were most specialized
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brojnih vrsta koje su bile specijalizirane
03:55
and dependent on these carcasses
for their survival.
for their survival.
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i čije preživljavanje je ovisilo
o tim lešinama.
o tim lešinama.
03:59
Whale carcasses are also known
to transport about 190,000 tons of carbon,
to transport about 190,000 tons of carbon,
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Lešina kita transportira otprilike
190.000 tona ugljika,
190.000 tona ugljika,
04:07
which is the equivalent of that produced
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(toliko proizvede 80.000
automobila u godini)
automobila u godini)
04:10
by 80,000 cars per year
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04:13
from the atmosphere to the deep oceans,
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od atmosfere do dubokog oceana,
04:16
and the deep oceans
are what we call "carbon sinks,"
are what we call "carbon sinks,"
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a duboke oceane zovemo
"ugljični slivnici"
"ugljični slivnici"
04:19
because they trap and hold
excess carbon from the atmosphere,
excess carbon from the atmosphere,
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jer zadržavaju višak ugljka iz atmosfere,
04:23
and therefore help
to delay global warming.
to delay global warming.
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i tako usporavaju
globalno zatopljenje.
globalno zatopljenje.
04:27
Sometimes these carcasses
also wash up on beaches
also wash up on beaches
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Ponekad te lešine izbaci more na plaže
04:31
and provide a meal to a number
of predatory species on land.
of predatory species on land.
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pa one postanu hrana
zemaljskim predratorima.
zemaljskim predratorima.
04:36
The 200 years of whaling
was clearly detrimental
was clearly detrimental
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Dvjesto godina kitolova
je očito bilo vrlo štetno
je očito bilo vrlo štetno
04:40
and caused a reduction
in the populations of whales
in the populations of whales
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i uzrokovalo smanjenje
u populaciji kitova
u populaciji kitova
04:43
between 60 to 90 percent.
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između 60 i 90 posto.
04:46
Clearly, the Save the Whales movement
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"Spasimo kitove" pokret
04:48
was instrumental in preventing
commercial whaling from going on,
commercial whaling from going on,
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je imao presudnu važnost u
zaustavljanju komercijalnog kitolova,
zaustavljanju komercijalnog kitolova,
04:52
but we need to revise this.
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ali moramo preraditi taj stav.
04:55
We need to address the more modern,
pressing problems that these whales face
pressing problems that these whales face
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Moramo izreći koji su to moderni
problemi koji tište i s kojima se
problemi koji tište i s kojima se
kitovi suočavaju u
našim vodama danas.
našim vodama danas.
05:00
in our waters today.
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05:02
Amongst other things, we need to stop them
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Između ostalog, potrebno je spriječiti
05:04
from getting plowed down by container
ships when they're in their feeding areas,
ships when they're in their feeding areas,
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njihovo nasukavanje na kontejnerske
brodove u područjima hranjenja,
brodove u područjima hranjenja,
05:09
and stop them from getting
entangled in fishing nets
entangled in fishing nets
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te spriječiti njihovo zapetljavanje
u ribarske mreže
u ribarske mreže
05:11
as they float around in the ocean.
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dok plutaju oceanima.
05:14
We also need to learn to contextualize
our conservation messages,
our conservation messages,
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Mi moramo naučiti kontekstualizirati
naše poruke očuvanja,
naše poruke očuvanja,
05:18
so people really understand the true
ecosystem value of these creatures.
ecosystem value of these creatures.
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tako da ljudi mogu razumjeti pravu
vrijednost ovih stvorenja za ekosustav.
vrijednost ovih stvorenja za ekosustav.
05:25
So, let's save the whales again,
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Zato, spasimo kitove ponovno,
05:30
but this time, let's not just
do it for their sake.
do it for their sake.
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ali ovoga puta, ne zbog njih.
05:34
Let's also do it for ours.
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Ovoga puta učinimo to zbog nas.
05:36
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
(Pljesak)
05:39
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Asha de Vos - Protector of whalesDedicated to increasing awareness about Northern Indian Ocean blue whales, Asha de Vos is also committed to inspiring the next generation of marine biologists.
Why you should listen
Asha de Vos is a marine biologist and TED Fellow who specializes in researching and working with marine mammals. She has degrees from the Universities of St. Andrews and Oxford, and her PhD from the University of Western Australia. She oversees the Sri Lankan Blue Whale Project, the first long-term study on blue whales within the northern Indian Ocean.
A Duke University Global Fellow in Marine Conservation, de Vos previously worked at the International Union for the Conservation of Nature while she has also consulted with the National Aquatic Research Agency. She was a panelist at the Rio+20 summit in Rio de Janeiro in 2012.
More profile about the speakerA Duke University Global Fellow in Marine Conservation, de Vos previously worked at the International Union for the Conservation of Nature while she has also consulted with the National Aquatic Research Agency. She was a panelist at the Rio+20 summit in Rio de Janeiro in 2012.
Asha de Vos | Speaker | TED.com