TED2016
Kang Lee: Can you really tell if a kid is lying?
Kang Lee: Unaweza kujua kweli kama mtoto anadanganya?
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Je watoto hawadanganyi vizuri? Unafikiri unaweza kugundua uwongo wao kwa urahisi? Mtafiti wa maendeleo Kang Lee amechunguza nini kinatokea kisaikolojia kwa watoto wanapodanganya. Wanafanya mara nyingi kuanzia umri mdogo wa miaka miwili, na hakika wanafanya vizuri kweli. Lee anaelezea kwanini tusherehekee wakati watoto wanaanza kudanganya na kuwasilisha teknolojia mpya ya kugundua uwongo ambayo siku moja itaonyesha hisia zetu zilizojificha.
Kang Lee - Developmental researcher
Kang Lee has devoted his career to understanding the development of social cognition and behavior. Full bio
Kang Lee has devoted his career to understanding the development of social cognition and behavior. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Hi.
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Habari
00:14
Let me ask the audience a question:
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Ngoja niiulize hadhira swali:
00:16
Did you ever lie as a child?
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Ulishawahi kudanganya ukiwa mtoto?
00:19
If you did, could you please
raise your hand?
raise your hand?
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Kama uliwahi, unaweza
kunyanyua mkono tafadhali?
kunyanyua mkono tafadhali?
00:23
Wow! This is the most honest
group of people I've ever met.
group of people I've ever met.
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Wow! hili ni kundi la watu wakweli
kuliko wote niliowahi kukutana nao.
kuliko wote niliowahi kukutana nao.
00:26
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
00:28
So for the last 20 years,
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Hadi sasa kwa miaka 20 iliyopita,
00:30
I've been studying
how children learn to tell lies.
how children learn to tell lies.
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Nimekuwa nikisoma
jinsi watoto wanavyojifunza kudanganya.
jinsi watoto wanavyojifunza kudanganya.
00:33
And today, I'm going to share with you
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Na leo, nitawashirikisha
00:36
some of the discoveries we have made.
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baadhi ya ugunduzi tulioupata.
00:38
But to begin, I'm going to tell you
a story from Mr. Richard Messina,
a story from Mr. Richard Messina,
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Ila kwa kuanza, nitawaambia
hadithi kutoka kwa Bwana Richard Messina,
hadithi kutoka kwa Bwana Richard Messina,
00:43
who is my friend and an elementary
school principal.
school principal.
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ambaye ni rafiki yangu na mkuu wa
shule ya msingi.
shule ya msingi.
00:47
He got a phone call one day.
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Alipokea simu siku moja.
00:51
The caller says,
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Aliyepiga akasema,
00:52
"Mr. Messina, my son Johnny
will not come to school today
will not come to school today
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"Bwana Messina, mtoto wangu Johnny
hatakuja shuleni leo
hatakuja shuleni leo
00:56
because he's sick."
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kwasababu anaumwa."
00:58
Mr. Messina asks,
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Bwana Messina akauliza,
01:00
"Who am I speaking to, please?"
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"Naongea na nani, tafadhali?"
01:02
And the caller says,
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Na aliyepiga akasema,
01:04
"I am my father."
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"Mimi ni baba yangu."
01:05
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
01:10
So this story --
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Sasa hadithi hii --
01:11
(Laughter)
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(Vicheko)
01:13
sums up very nicely
three common beliefs we have
three common beliefs we have
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inajumlisha vizuri sana
imani tatu zilizo zoeleka tulizonazo
imani tatu zilizo zoeleka tulizonazo
01:17
about children and lying.
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kuhusu watoto na kudanganya.
01:20
One, children only come to tell lies
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Moja, watoto huja tu kusema uongo
01:24
after entering elementary school.
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baada ya kuingia shule ya msingi.
01:27
Two, children are poor liars.
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Mbili, watoto hawadanganyi vizuri.
01:29
We adults can easily detect their lies.
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Watu wazima twaweza kugundua uwongo wao.
01:32
And three, if children lie
at a very young age,
at a very young age,
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Na tatu, kama watoto watadanganya
katika umri mdogo sana,
katika umri mdogo sana,
01:36
there must be some
character flaws with them,
character flaws with them,
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lazima watakuwa na makosa
kitabia,
kitabia,
01:39
and they are going to become
pathological liars for life.
pathological liars for life.
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na watakuja kuwa
wagonjwa wa kudanganya maishani.
wagonjwa wa kudanganya maishani.
01:44
Well, it turns out
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Hivyo inaonekana kwamba
01:46
all of the three beliefs are wrong.
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imani zote tatu hazikuwa sahihi.
01:50
We have been playing guessing games
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Tumekuwa tukifanya mchezo wa kukisia
01:53
with children all over the world.
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na watoto dunia nzima.
01:55
Here is an example.
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Huu ni mfano
01:56
So in this game, we asked children
to guess the numbers on the cards.
to guess the numbers on the cards.
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Hivyo katika mchezo huu, tunauliza watoto
kukisia namba kwenye kadi.
kukisia namba kwenye kadi.
02:01
And we tell them if they win the game,
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Na tunawaambia wakishinda mchezo,
02:04
they are going to get a big prize.
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watapata zawadi kubwa.
02:07
But in the middle of the game,
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Lakini katikati ya mchezo,
02:09
we make an excuse and leave the room.
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tunatoa udhuru na kutoka kwenye chumba.
02:13
And before we leave the room,
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Na kabla ya kutoka kwenye chumba,
02:15
we tell them not to peek at the cards.
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tunawaambia wasichungulie kwenye kadi.
02:19
Of course,
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Bila shaka,
02:20
we have hidden cameras in the room
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tuna kamera zilizofichwa katika chumba
02:23
to watch their every move.
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kuangalia kila hatua yao.
02:26
Because the desire
to win the game is so strong,
to win the game is so strong,
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Kwasababu haja ya kushinda
mchezo ni kubwa sana,
mchezo ni kubwa sana,
02:29
more than 90 percent of children will peek
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zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya watoto
watachungulia
watachungulia
02:33
as soon as we leave the room.
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mara tutakapotoka chumbani.
02:34
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
02:37
The crucial question is:
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Swali la msingi ni:
02:39
When we return and ask the children
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Tutakaporudi na kuuliza watoto
02:41
whether or not they have peeked,
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Kama wamechungulia au la,
02:44
will the children who peeked confess
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watoto waliochungulia watakiri
02:47
or lie about their transgression?
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au watadanganya kuhusu makosa yao?
02:51
We found that regardless
of gender, country, religion,
of gender, country, religion,
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Tuligundua kwamba bila kujali
jinsia, nchi, au dini,
jinsia, nchi, au dini,
02:56
at two years of age,
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katika umri wa miaka miwili,
02:59
30 percent lie,
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asilimia 30 hudanganya,
03:01
70 percent tell the truth
about their transgression.
about their transgression.
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asilimia 70 husema ukweli
kuhusu makosa yao.
kuhusu makosa yao.
03:04
At three years of age,
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Katika umri wa miaka mitatu,
03:07
50 percent lie and 50 percent
tell the truth.
tell the truth.
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asilimia 50 hudanganya na asilimia 50
husema kweli.
husema kweli.
03:11
At four years of age,
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Katika umri wa miaka minne,
03:13
more than 80 percent lie.
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zaidi ya asilimia 80 hudanganya.
03:16
And after four years of age,
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Na baada ya miaka minne,
03:18
most children lie.
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watoto wengi hudanganya.
03:21
So as you can see,
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Hivyo unaweza kuona,
03:22
lying is really a typical part
of development.
of development.
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kudanganya ni sehemu halisi
ya kuendelea.
ya kuendelea.
03:26
And some children begin to tell lies
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Na baadhi ya watoto huanza kusema uwongo
03:28
as young as two years of age.
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wakiwa na umri mdogo wa miaka miwili.
03:32
So now, let's take a closer look
at the younger children.
at the younger children.
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Hivyo sasa, tuangalie kwa ukaribu
watoto wadogo.
watoto wadogo.
03:37
Why do some but not all
young children lie?
young children lie?
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Kwanini baadhi na sio wote
watoto wadogo hudanganya?
watoto wadogo hudanganya?
03:42
In cooking, you need good ingredients
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Katika mapishi unahitaji viungo vizuri
03:45
to cook good food.
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kupika chakula kizuri.
03:47
And good lying requires
two key ingredients.
two key ingredients.
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Na uongo mzuri unahitaji
viungo viwili vikuu.
viungo viwili vikuu.
03:53
The first key ingredient
is theory of mind,
is theory of mind,
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Kiungo kikuu cha kwanza
ni nadharia ya akili,
ni nadharia ya akili,
03:57
or the mind-reading ability.
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au uwezo wa kusoma- akili.
03:59
Mind reading is the ability to know
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Kusoma akili ni uwezo wa kujua
04:01
that different people have
different knowledge about the situation
different knowledge about the situation
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kwamba watu tofauti wana
ufahamu tofauti kuhusu hali fulani
ufahamu tofauti kuhusu hali fulani
04:06
and the ability to differentiate
between what I know
between what I know
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na uwezo wa kutofautisha
kati ya ninachojua
kati ya ninachojua
04:10
and what you know.
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na kile unachojua
04:11
Mind reading is important for lying
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Kusoma akili ni muhimu kwa kudanganya
04:14
because the basis of lying is that I know
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kwasababu ya msingi wa kudanganya ni najua
04:18
you don't know
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hujui
04:19
what I know.
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ninachojua.
04:20
Therefore, I can lie to you.
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Hivyo, naweza kukudanganya.
04:23
The second key ingredient
for good lying is self-control.
for good lying is self-control.
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Kiungo cha pili muhimu
04:27
It is the ability to control your speech,
your facial expression
your facial expression
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Ni uwezo wa kudhibiti maneno yako,
kuonyesha hisia usoni
kuonyesha hisia usoni
04:32
and your body language,
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na lugha ya mwili,
04:33
so that you can tell a convincing lie.
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ili kwamba unaweza kusema uongo thabiti.
04:36
And we found that those young children
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Na tulikuta kwamba wale watoto wadogo
04:40
who have more advanced mind-reading
and self-control abilities
and self-control abilities
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walio na uwezo mkubwa wa kusoma akili
na uwezo wa kujidhibiti
na uwezo wa kujidhibiti
04:45
tell lies earlier
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husema uwongo mapema
04:47
and are more sophisticated liars.
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na ni waongo wa kisasa.
04:51
As it turns out, these two abilities
are also essential for all of us
are also essential for all of us
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Kama inavyokuwa, uwezo huu wa aina mbili
ni muhimu pia kwetu sote
ni muhimu pia kwetu sote
04:57
to function well in our society.
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kuweza kufanya kazi katika jamii yetu.
05:00
In fact, deficits in mind-reading
and self-control abilities
and self-control abilities
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Ki ukweli, kushindwa kusoma akili
na uwezo wa kujidhibiti
na uwezo wa kujidhibiti
05:05
are associated with serious
developmental problems,
developmental problems,
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vinahusianishwa na matatizo makubwa
ya ukuaji,
ya ukuaji,
05:08
such as ADHD and autism.
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kama ADHD na usonji.
05:13
So if you discover your two-year-old
is telling his or her first lie,
is telling his or her first lie,
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Hivyo ukigundua mtoto wako wa miaka miwili
anakudanganya kwa mara ya kwanza,
anakudanganya kwa mara ya kwanza,
05:19
instead of being alarmed,
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badala ya kushtushwa,
05:21
you should celebrate --
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unatakiwa usherehekee--
05:22
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
05:24
because it signals that your child
has arrived at a new milestone
has arrived at a new milestone
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kwasababu inaashiria kwamba mtoto wako
amefikia hatua mpya
amefikia hatua mpya
05:29
of typical development.
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ya ukuaji wa kawaida.
05:33
Now, are children poor liars?
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Sasa, watoto hawadanganyi vizuri?
05:36
Do you think you can easily
detect their lies?
detect their lies?
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Unafikiri unaweza kugundua
udanganyifu wao kirahisi?
udanganyifu wao kirahisi?
05:40
Would you like to give it a try?
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Ungependa kujaribu?
05:42
Yes? OK.
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Ndio? Sawa.
05:44
So I'm going to show you two videos.
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Sasa nitakuonyesha video mbili
05:47
In the videos,
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Kwenye video,
05:48
the children are going to respond
to a researcher's question,
to a researcher's question,
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watoto watajibu maswali ya
utafiti,
utafiti,
05:51
"Did you peek?"
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"Ulichungulia?"
05:52
So try to tell me
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Sasa jaribu kuniambia
05:54
which child is lying
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mtoto yupi anadanganya
05:55
and which child is telling the truth.
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na mtoto yupi anasema ukweli.
05:58
Here's child number one.
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Huyu ni mtoto namba moja.
06:00
Are you ready?
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Uko tayari?
06:03
(Video) Adult: Did you peek? Child: No.
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(Video) Mtu: Ulichungulia? Mtoto: Hapana
06:05
Kang Lee: And this is child number two.
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Kang Lee: Na huyu ni mtoto namba mbili.
06:09
(Video) Adult: Did you peek? Child: No.
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(Video) Mtu: Ulichungulia? Mtoto: Hapana.
06:13
KL: OK, if you think
child number one is lying,
child number one is lying,
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KL: OK, kama unafikiri
mtoto namba moja anadanganya,
mtoto namba moja anadanganya,
06:16
please raise your hand.
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tafadhali inua mkono wako.
06:20
And if you think child number two
is lying, please raise your hand.
is lying, please raise your hand.
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Na kama unafikiri mtoto namba mbili
anadanganya, tafadhali inua mkono wako.
anadanganya, tafadhali inua mkono wako.
06:25
OK, so as a matter of fact,
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OK, kusema ukweli,
06:28
child number one is telling the truth,
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mtoto namba moja anasema ukweli,
06:31
child number two is lying.
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mtoto namba mbili anadanganya.
06:34
Looks like many of you are terrible
detectors of children's lies.
detectors of children's lies.
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Inaonekana wengi wenu sio wagunduzi
wazuri wa uwongo wa watoto.
wazuri wa uwongo wa watoto.
06:37
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
06:39
Now, we have played similar kinds of games
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Sasa, tumeshiriki kwenye michezo sawasawa
06:43
with many, many adults
from all walks of life.
from all walks of life.
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na watu wazima wengi sana
kutoka sehemu zote za maisha.
kutoka sehemu zote za maisha.
06:48
And we show them many videos.
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Na tunawaonyesha video nyingi.
06:51
In half of the videos, the children lied.
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Katika nusu ya video, watoto walidanganya.
06:53
In the other half of the videos,
the children told the truth.
the children told the truth.
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Katika nusu ya video nyingine,
watoto walisema ukweli.
watoto walisema ukweli.
06:58
And let's find out
how these adults performed.
how these adults performed.
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Ngoja tuone
watu wazima hawa walifanyaje.
watu wazima hawa walifanyaje.
07:02
Because there are as many liars
as truth tellers,
as truth tellers,
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Kwasababu kuna waongo wengi
kama wasema kweli,
kama wasema kweli,
07:06
if you guess randomly,
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ukikisia kwa kubahatisha,
07:08
there's a 50 percent chance
you're going to get it right.
you're going to get it right.
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kunauwezekano wa asilimia 50
ukapatia.
ukapatia.
07:12
So if your accuracy is around 50 percent,
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Hivyo ikiwa usahihi wako ni takriban
asilimia 50,
asilimia 50,
07:16
it means you are a terrible detector
of children's lies.
of children's lies.
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inamaanisha wewe ni mgunduzi mbaya
wa uwongo wa watoto.
wa uwongo wa watoto.
07:20
So let's start with undergrads
and law school students,
and law school students,
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Sasa tuanze na wanafunzi wa shahada
ya kwanza na wanafunzi wa sheria,
ya kwanza na wanafunzi wa sheria,
07:24
who typically have
limited experience with children.
limited experience with children.
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ambao kwa ujumla
hawana uzoefu na watoto.
hawana uzoefu na watoto.
07:30
No, they cannot detect children's lies.
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Hapana hawawezi kugundua uwongo wa watoto
07:32
Their performance is around chance.
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Utendaji wao ni wa kubahatisha
07:34
Now how about social workers
and child-protection lawyers,
and child-protection lawyers,
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Sasa vipi kuhusu wafanyakazi za jamii
na walinda haki za watoto,
na walinda haki za watoto,
07:39
who work with children on a daily basis?
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wanaofanyakazi na watoto kila siku?
07:42
Can they detect children's lies?
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Wanaweza kugundua uwongo wa watoto?
07:45
No, they cannot.
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Hapana, hawawezi,
07:46
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
07:47
What about judges,
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Vipi kuhusu majaji,
07:49
customs officers
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maafisa forodha
07:51
and police officers,
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na maafisa polisi,
07:53
who deal with liars on a daily basis?
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wanaokutana na wadanganyifu kila siku?
07:55
Can they detect children's lies?
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Wanaweza kugundua uwongo wa watoto?
07:58
No, they cannot.
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Hapana hawawezi.
08:00
What about parents?
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Vipi kuhusu wazazi?
08:01
Can parents detect other children's lies?
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Wazazi wanaweza kugundua uwongo wa watoto
wengine?
wengine?
08:05
No, they cannot.
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Hapana, hawawezi.
08:07
What about, can parents
detect their own children's lies?
detect their own children's lies?
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Inawezekana wazazi
kugundua uwongo wa watoto wao wenyewe?
kugundua uwongo wa watoto wao wenyewe?
08:13
No, they cannot.
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Hapana, hawawezi.
08:14
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Kicheko) (Makofi)
08:17
So now you may ask
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Hivyo sasa unaweza kuuliza
08:20
why children's lies
are so difficult to detect.
are so difficult to detect.
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kwanini uwongo wa watoto
ni vigumu kuugundua.
ni vigumu kuugundua.
08:24
Let me illustrate this
with my own son, Nathan.
with my own son, Nathan.
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Ngoja niwaonyeshe hili
na mtoto wangu mwenyewe, Nathan
na mtoto wangu mwenyewe, Nathan
08:27
This is his facial expression
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Hii ni hisia za uso wake
08:30
when he lies.
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anapodanganya.
08:31
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
08:33
So when children lie,
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Hivyo wakati watoto wanadanganya,
08:35
their facial expression
is typically neutral.
is typically neutral.
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hisia za nyuso zao
ni za kawaida.
ni za kawaida.
08:39
However, behind this neutral expression,
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Ingawa nyuma ya hii hisia ya kawaida,
08:42
the child is actually experiencing
a lot of emotions,
a lot of emotions,
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mtoto kiukweli hupitia
hisia nyingi,
hisia nyingi,
08:45
such as fear, guilt, shame
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kama hofu, hatia, fedheha
08:49
and maybe a little bit of liar's delight.
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na pengine raha ya kudanganya kidogo.
08:52
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
08:55
Unfortunately, such emotions
are either fleeting or hidden.
are either fleeting or hidden.
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Bahati mbaya, hisia za aina hiyo
ni aidha za muda mfupi au zimejificha
ni aidha za muda mfupi au zimejificha
09:00
Therefore, it's mostly invisible to us.
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Kwahiyo, ni ambazo hazionekani kwetu.
09:03
So in the last five years,
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Kwa miaka mitano iliyopita,
09:05
we have been trying to figure out a way
to reveal these hidden emotions.
to reveal these hidden emotions.
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tumekuwa tukijaribu kutafuta njia
ya kuonyesha hisia hizi zilizojificha.
ya kuonyesha hisia hizi zilizojificha.
09:08
Then we made a discovery.
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Kisha tukapata ugunduzi.
09:11
We know that underneath our facial skin,
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Tunajua kwamba chini ya ngozi
za nyuso zetu,
za nyuso zetu,
09:14
there's a rich network of blood vessels.
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kuna mtandao mkubwa wa mishipa ya damu.
09:17
When we experience different emotions,
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Tunapopitia hisia tofauti,
09:20
our facial blood flow changes subtly.
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msukumo wa damu usoni hubadilika
bila kujua.
bila kujua.
09:23
And these changes are regulated
by the autonomic system
by the autonomic system
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Na mabadiliko haya huendeshwa
kwa mfumo wa autonomiki
kwa mfumo wa autonomiki
09:27
that is beyond our conscious control.
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ambayo ni nje ya uwezo wetu kudhibiti.
09:30
By looking at facial blood flow changes,
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Kwa kuangalia mabadiliko ya msukumo
wa damu usoni,
wa damu usoni,
09:34
we can reveal people's hidden emotions.
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tunaweza kuonyesha hisia za watu
zilizojificha.
zilizojificha.
09:37
Unfortunately, such emotion-related
facial blood flow changes
facial blood flow changes
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Bahati mbaya, hisia hizo zinazohusiana
na mabadiliko ya msukumo wa damu usoni
na mabadiliko ya msukumo wa damu usoni
09:42
are too subtle to detect by our naked eye.
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ni vigumu sana kugundua kwa macho yetu.
09:45
So to help us reveal
people's facial emotions,
people's facial emotions,
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Hivyo kusaidia kuonyesha
hisia za watu usoni,
hisia za watu usoni,
09:49
we have developed a new imaging technology
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tumeunda teknolojia mpya ya picha
09:52
we call "transdermal optical imaging."
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tunaiita "tansderaml optical imaging"
09:56
To do so, we use a regular
video camera to record people
video camera to record people
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Kufanya hivyo tunatumia kamera ya video
ya kawaida kurekodi watu
ya kawaida kurekodi watu
10:00
when they experience
various hidden emotions.
various hidden emotions.
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wanapokuwa na hisia mbalimbali
zilizojificha
zilizojificha
10:04
And then, using our image
processing technology,
processing technology,
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Na kisha, kwa kutumia teknolojia
ya usindikaji picha,
ya usindikaji picha,
10:08
we can extract transdermal images
of facial blood flow changes.
of facial blood flow changes.
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tunaweza kupata picha kupitia ngozi
za mabadiliko ya msukumo wa damu usoni.
za mabadiliko ya msukumo wa damu usoni.
10:16
By looking at transdermal video images,
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Kwa kuangalia video za picha
kupitia ngozi,
kupitia ngozi,
10:20
now we can easily see
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sasa tunaweza kuona kwa urahisi
10:23
facial blood flow changes associated
with the various hidden emotions.
with the various hidden emotions.
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mabadiliko ya msukumo wa damu usoni
yanayohusiana na hisia zilizojificha.
yanayohusiana na hisia zilizojificha.
10:29
And using this technology,
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Na kwa kutumia teknolojia hii,
10:31
we can now reveal the hidden emotions
associated with lying,
associated with lying,
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tunaweza kuonyesha hisia zilizojificha
zinazohusiana na udanganyifu,
zinazohusiana na udanganyifu,
10:36
and therefore detect people's lies.
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na kwahiyo kugundua uwongo wa watu.
10:39
We can do so noninvasively,
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tunaweza kufanya bila upasuaji,
10:41
remotely, inexpensively,
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kwa mbali, na gharama nafuu
10:44
with an accuracy at about 85 percent,
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kwa usahihi wa takriban asilimia 85
10:48
which is far better than chance level.
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ambayo ni bora kuliko kubahatisha.
10:51
And in addition, we discovered
a Pinocchio effect.
a Pinocchio effect.
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Na kwa kuongezea, tumegundua
athari za Pinikio.
athari za Pinikio.
10:56
No, not this Pinocchio effect.
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Hapana, sio athari za Pinokio huyu.
10:58
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
10:59
This is the real Pinocchio effect.
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Hizi ni athari za kweli za Pinokio.
11:01
When people lie,
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Wakati watu wanapodanganya,
11:03
the facial blood flow
on the cheeks decreases,
on the cheeks decreases,
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msukumo wa damu usoni
kwenye mashavu hupungua,
kwenye mashavu hupungua,
11:06
and the facial blood flow
on the nose increases.
on the nose increases.
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na msukumo wa damu usoni
kwenye pua huongezeka.
kwenye pua huongezeka.
11:11
Of course, lying is not the only situation
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Hata hivyo, kudanganya sio tukio pekee
11:14
that will evoke our hidden emotions.
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ambalo litaamsha hisia zilizojificha.
11:17
So then we asked ourselves,
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Hivyo basi tukajiuliza wenyewe,
11:19
in addition to detecting lies,
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pamoja na kugundua uwongo,
11:22
how can our technology be used?
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teknolojia yetu inaweza kutumikaje?
11:25
One application is in education.
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Utumikaji wake mmoja ni kwenye elimu.
11:28
For example, using this technology,
we can help this mathematics teacher
we can help this mathematics teacher
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Kwa mfano, kwa kutumia teknolojia hii,
tunaweza kumsaidia mwalimu huyu wa hesabu
tunaweza kumsaidia mwalimu huyu wa hesabu
11:33
to identify the student in his classroom
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kutambua wanafunzi darasani kwake
11:36
who may experience high anxiety
about the topic he's teaching
about the topic he's teaching
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wanapata woga mkubwa
kuhusu mada anayofundisha
kuhusu mada anayofundisha
11:40
so that he can help him.
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ili iweze kumsaidia.
11:43
And also we can use this in health care.
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Na pia tunaweza kuitumia katika huduma
za afya.
za afya.
11:46
For example, every day I Skype my parents,
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Mfano, kila siku natumia huduma ya
Skype kuwasilina na wazazi wangu,
Skype kuwasilina na wazazi wangu,
11:49
who live thousands of miles away.
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wanaoishi maelfu ya maili mbali.
11:52
And using this technology,
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Na kwa kutumia teknolojia hii,
11:54
I can not only find out
what's going on in their lives
what's going on in their lives
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Sio tu najua kinachoendelea
katika maisha yao
katika maisha yao
11:57
but also simultaneously monitor
their heart rate, their stress level,
their heart rate, their stress level,
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lakini pia sambamba na kuangalia mapigo
yao ya moyo na kiwango cha msongo,
yao ya moyo na kiwango cha msongo,
12:03
their mood and whether or not
they are experiencing pain.
they are experiencing pain.
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hali zao na kama wanapata
au hawapati maumivu.
au hawapati maumivu.
12:07
And perhaps in the future,
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Na pengine kwa siku za mbele,
12:09
their risks for heart attack
or hypertension.
or hypertension.
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hatari za mshtuko wa moyo au
shinikizo la damu
shinikizo la damu
12:13
And you may ask:
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Na unaweza kuuliza:
12:15
Can we use this also to reveal
politicians' emotions?
politicians' emotions?
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Tunaweza kutumia hii pia
kuonyesha hisia za wanasiasa?
kuonyesha hisia za wanasiasa?
12:20
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
12:22
For example, during a debate.
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Kwa mfano, wakati wa mijadala
12:25
Well, the answer is yes.
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Kwakweli, jibu ni ndio.
12:27
Using TV footage,
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Kutumia kipande kinachorushwa
kwenye TV,
kwenye TV,
12:29
we could detect
the politicians' heart rate,
the politicians' heart rate,
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tunaweza kugundua mapigo ya moyo
ya mwanasiasa,
ya mwanasiasa,
12:33
mood and stress,
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hali na msongo,
12:35
and perhaps in the future,
whether or not they are lying to us.
whether or not they are lying to us.
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na pengine katika siku za mbele.
iwe wanatudanganya au sivyo.
iwe wanatudanganya au sivyo.
12:39
We can also use this
in marketing research,
in marketing research,
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Tunaweza pia kutumia hii
katika utafiti wa masoko,
katika utafiti wa masoko,
12:42
for example, to find out
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kwa mfano, kujua
12:44
whether or not people like
certain consumer products.
certain consumer products.
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kama watu wanapenda au hawapendi
bidhaa fulani za matumizi.
bidhaa fulani za matumizi.
12:49
We can even use it in dating.
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Tunaweza hata kutumia kwenye miadi.
12:51
So for example,
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Sasa kwa mfano
12:53
if your date is smiling at you,
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Ikiwa mliyeahidiana anakuonyesha tabasamu,
12:55
this technology can help you to determine
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teknolojia hii inaweza kukusaidia kujua
12:58
whether she actually likes you
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kama anakupenda kweli
13:01
or she is just trying to be nice to you.
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au anajaribu tu kuonyesha wema kwako.
13:03
And in this case,
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Na kwa suala hili,
13:05
she is just trying to be nice to you.
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anajaribu kuonyesha wema kwako.
13:07
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko)
13:11
So transdermal optical imaging technology
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Hivyo teknolojia ya transdermal optical
imaging
imaging
13:14
is at a very early stage of development.
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iko katika hatua za mwanzo za kuendelezwa.
13:17
Many new applications will come about
that we don't know today.
that we don't know today.
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Matumizi mengi mapya yatakuja
ambayo hatuyajui leo.
ambayo hatuyajui leo.
13:22
However, one thing I know for sure
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Ingawa, kitu kimoja ninachojua kwa uhakika
13:25
is that lying will never
be the same again.
be the same again.
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ni kwamba kudanganya
hakutakuwa kama zamani tena.
hakutakuwa kama zamani tena.
13:28
Thank you very much.
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Asanteni sana.
13:29
Xiè xie.
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Asanteni.
(Makofi)
13:31
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kang Lee - Developmental researcherKang Lee has devoted his career to understanding the development of social cognition and behavior.
Why you should listen
With an international team based at the University of Toronto, Kang Lee investigates the neurological and social basis of emerging social behaviors in young children. His two-pronged research focuses first on how and when children develop the capacity to lie, to detect liesand to feel guilty about it afterwards.
The second focus of Lee's research is facial recognition, which has led to revelations of when children develop the ability to distinguish races and has helped explain why some people occasionally see Jesus' face on a piece of toast.
Kang Lee | Speaker | TED.com