ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.

Why you should listen

Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.

In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.

In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.

At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.

Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.

More profile about the speaker
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

Susan Cain: The power of introverts

Сьюзан Кейн: Сіла інтравертаў

Filmed:
25,516,646 views

Быць інтравертам у той час, калі камунікатыўныя здольнасці праслаўляюцца найперш, можа быць даволі цяжка, і нават сорамна. Тым не менш, у сваёй палымянай прамове Сьюзан Кейн даводзіць, што інтраверты маюць унікальныя таленты і здольнасці, патрэбныя свету, і павінны гэтым ганарыцца.
- Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
When I was nine years old
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Калі мне было 9 гадоў,
00:17
I went off to summer camp for the first time.
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я ўпершыню паехала ў летнік.
00:19
And my mother packed me a suitcase
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Мама спакавала мне цэлую валізу кніг.
00:21
full of books,
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00:23
which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.
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Для мяне гэта было цалкам натуральна.
00:25
Because in my family,
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Групавой дзейнасцю ў нашай сям'і
лічылася чытанне.
00:27
reading was the primary group activity.
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00:30
And this might sound antisocial to you,
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Некаторым гэта можа падацца дзіўным,
але гэтак мы бавілі разам час.
00:32
but for us it was really just a different way of being social.
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00:35
You have the animal warmth of your family
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Адчуваючы цеплыню прысутнасці блізкіх,
00:37
sitting right next to you,
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00:39
but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland
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мы маглі ў той жа час свабодна вандраваць
00:41
inside your own mind.
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унутры ўласнага розуму.
00:43
And I had this idea
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І я сабе ўявіла,
00:45
that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
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нібы ў летніку будзе так жа, толькі лепш.
00:47
(Laughter)
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(Смех)
00:50
I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin
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Мне так думалася: 10 дзяўчат у хацінцы
00:53
cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
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ціха чытаюць сабе ў аднолькавых піжамах.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(Смех)
00:57
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.
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Летнік быў як піўны пір без алкаголю.
01:00
And on the very first day
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І ў першы ж дзень
01:03
our counselor gathered us all together
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нас усіх сабрала важатая,
01:05
and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing
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навучыла нас дэвізу і сказала, што мы
01:07
every day for the rest of the summer
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будзем скандаваць яго ўсё лета для гумору.
01:09
to instill camp spirit.
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01:11
And it went like this:
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Гучаў дэвіз так:
01:13
"R-O-W-D-I-E,
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"Б-О-М-Б-І-З-Ы
01:15
that's the way we spell rowdie.
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не бамбізы мы - бОмбізы.
01:17
Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."
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БОмбізы, бОмбізы -- забамбім".
(Смех)
01:22
Yeah.
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Так.
01:24
So I couldn't figure out for the life of me
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Я не магла зразумець хоць забі,
01:26
why we were supposed to be so rowdy,
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чаму мы мусілі быць бамбізамі
01:28
or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.
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або няправільна вымаўляць гэта слова.
01:31
(Laughter)
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(Смех)
01:37
But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.
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Але я старанна скандавала. Разам з усімі.
01:40
I did my best.
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Старалася як мага.
01:42
And I just waited for the time
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У чаканні, што хутка змагу пайсці чытаць.
01:44
that I could go off and read my books.
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01:47
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,
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Але як толькі я выцягнула кнігу з валізы,
01:49
the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me
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да мяне падышла самая крутая дзяўчына
01:51
and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --
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і спытала: "Чаго ты такая амёба?"
01:54
mellow, of course, being the exact opposite
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Амёба, вядома, тут з'яўлялася антонімам
01:56
of R-O-W-D-I-E.
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да Б-О-М-Б-І-З-Ы.
01:58
And then the second time I tried it,
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А другім разам
02:00
the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face
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мая важатая, з заклапочаным выразам твару,
02:03
and she repeated the point about camp spirit
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нагадала мне пра гумор і пра тое,
02:05
and said we should all work very hard
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што трэба імкнуцца быць кампанейскімі.
02:07
to be outgoing.
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02:09
And so I put my books away,
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Такім чынам, я склала кнігі
02:12
back in their suitcase,
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назад у валізу,
02:15
and I put them under my bed,
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паставіўшы яе пад ложак.
02:19
and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.
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І яны праляжалі там усё лета.
02:21
And I felt kind of guilty about this.
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А я пачувалася быццам вінаватай.
02:23
I felt as if the books needed me somehow,
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Мне здавалася, што я патрэбная кнігам,
02:25
and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.
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што яны клічуць мяне, занядбаныя.
02:28
But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again
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Але я занядбала іх і не кранала валізы,
02:30
until I was back home with my family
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пакуль не вярнулася ў канцы лета дадому.
02:32
at the end of the summer.
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02:34
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.
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Гэта мая гісторыя пра летнік.
02:37
I could have told you 50 others just like it --
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Я б магла расказаць яшчэ 50 такіх самых --
02:40
all the times that I got the message
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дзе галоўны пасыл у тым,
02:42
that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being
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што мой ціхмяны інтравертны лад жыцця
02:46
was not necessarily the right way to go,
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лічыўся не зусім правільным,
02:48
that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.
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і я мусіла ўдаваць з сябе экстраверта.
02:51
And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong
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Я заўсёды адчувала, што гэта памылка,
02:54
and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.
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што інтраверты самі па сабе выдатныя.
02:56
But for years I denied this intuition,
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Але доўгі час я не верыла інтуіцыі,
02:59
and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,
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і ўрэшце зрабілася юрысткай замест таго,
03:02
instead of the writer that I had always longed to be --
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каб стаць пісьменніцай, як заўсёды марыла.
03:05
partly because I needed to prove to myself
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Можа, каб пераканаць сябе,
што я смелая і настойлівая.
03:07
that I could be bold and assertive too.
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03:09
And I was always going off to crowded bars
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Я ўвесь час хадзіла ў шумныя бары,
03:11
when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.
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калі б лепш пасядзела з сябрамі ў кавярні.
03:14
And I made these self-negating choices
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Я адмаўляла сваю сутнасць рэфлектыўна,
03:17
so reflexively,
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03:19
that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.
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нават не разумеючы гэтага.
03:22
Now this is what many introverts do,
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Так жывуць многія інтраверты,
03:24
and it's our loss for sure,
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і гэтая праблема
03:26
but it is also our colleagues' loss
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закранае ўсе
03:28
and our communities' loss.
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часткі грамадства.
03:30
And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.
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Хай пампезна, але гэта сусветная праблема.
03:33
Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,
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Бо ў справе крэатыўнасці і лідарства
03:36
we need introverts doing what they do best.
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інтраверты ведаюць, як яны зробяць лепш.
03:39
A third to a half of the population are introverts --
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Амаль палова насельніцтва -- інтраверты,
03:41
a third to a half.
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амаль палова.
03:43
So that's one out of every two or three people you know.
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Кожны другі-трэці з вашых знаёмых.
03:46
So even if you're an extrovert yourself,
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Нават калі вы экстраверт,
03:49
I'm talking about your coworkers
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я кажу пра вашых калег,
03:51
and your spouses and your children
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мужа, жонку, дзяцей
03:53
and the person sitting next to you right now --
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і таго, хто сядзіць побач з вамі.
03:56
all of them subject to this bias
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Усе яны аб'екты дыскрымінацыі,
03:58
that is pretty deep and real in our society.
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якая ўкаранілася ў грамадстве.
04:00
We all internalize it from a very early age
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Мы засвойваем яе з дзяцінства,
04:03
without even having a language for what we're doing.
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нават не могучы патлумачыць, што робім.
04:06
Now to see the bias clearly
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Каб пабачыць дыскрымінацыю,
04:08
you need to understand what introversion is.
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трэба зразумець, што такое інтраверсія.
04:11
It's different from being shy.
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Гэта не сарамлівасць.
04:13
Shyness is about fear of social judgment.
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Сарамлівыя баяцца асуджэння.
04:15
Introversion is more about,
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Інтраверсія датычыцца таго,
04:17
how do you respond to stimulation,
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як вы рэагуеце на стымуляцыю,
04:19
including social stimulation.
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таксама і сацыяльную.
04:21
So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,
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Экстраверты патрабуюць моцнай стымуляцыі,
04:24
whereas introverts feel at their most alive
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інтравертам больш камфортна
04:26
and their most switched-on and their most capable
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ў ціхай і спакойнай абстаноўцы,
04:28
when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.
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у якой яны найбольш прадуктыўныя.
04:30
Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute --
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Не ўвесь час, вядома,
04:32
but a lot of the time.
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але збольшага.
04:34
So the key then
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Дзеля максімальнага раскрыцця талентаў
04:36
to maximizing our talents
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04:39
is for us all to put ourselves
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мы павінны знаходзіцца
04:41
in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
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ў аптымальнай для нас зоне стымуляцыі.
04:44
But now here's where the bias comes in.
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Тут і пачынаецца дыскрымінацыя.
04:46
Our most important institutions,
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Найгалаўнейшыя інстытуцыі,
04:48
our schools and our workplaces,
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як школа або месца працы,
04:50
they are designed mostly for extroverts
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улічваюць толькі патрэбы
04:52
and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.
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экстравертаў у моцнай стымуляцыі.
04:55
And also we have this belief system right now
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У дадатак з'явілася сістэма перакананняў,
04:59
that I call the new groupthink,
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якую я называю "групамысленне",
05:01
which holds that all creativity and all productivity
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калі для крэатыўнасці і прадуктыўнасці
05:04
comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
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з нейкай нагоды трэба гуртавацца.
05:09
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:
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Таму тыповы клас у школе выглядае так.
05:11
When I was going to school,
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За маім часам мы сядзелі адно за адным.
05:13
we sat in rows.
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05:15
We sat in rows of desks like this,
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Былі шэрагі і парты,
05:17
and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.
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і пераважна мы працавалі самастойна.
05:19
But nowadays, your typical classroom
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Але цяпер парты звычайна ставяць разам,
05:21
has pods of desks --
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05:23
four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.
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і дзеці сядзяць насупраць адно аднога.
05:26
And kids are working in countless group assignments.
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Ім даюць безліч групавых заданняў.
05:28
Even in subjects like math and creative writing,
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Нават на матэматыцы і падчас сачыненняў,
05:31
which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,
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якія залежаць ад уласнага ходу думак,
05:34
kids are now expected to act as committee members.
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дзецям загадваюць быць часткай суполкі.
05:38
And for the kids who prefer
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І той, хто звык працаваць сам-насам,
05:40
to go off by themselves or just to work alone,
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05:42
those kids are seen as outliers often
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лічыцца дзіваком,
05:44
or, worse, as problem cases.
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або, яшчэ горш, праблемным дзіцем.
05:48
And the vast majority of teachers reports believing
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Пераважная частка настаўнікаў,
як выявілася, лічыць, што ідэальны вучань
05:51
that the ideal student is an extrovert
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05:53
as opposed to an introvert,
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гэта экстраверт,
05:55
even though introverts actually get better grades
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хоць інтраверты маюць лепшыя адзнакі
05:57
and are more knowledgeable,
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і больш дасведчаныя,
05:59
according to research.
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паводле даследавання.
06:01
(Laughter)
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(Смех)
06:03
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.
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Тое самае адбываецца і на працы.
06:06
Now, most of us work in open plan offices,
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Сённяшнія офісы адкрытай планіроўкі,
06:09
without walls,
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без сцен,
06:11
where we are subject
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дзе пастаянна шумна і на вас глядзяць.
06:13
to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.
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06:15
And when it comes to leadership,
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І ў пытаннях лідарства
06:17
introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,
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інтравертам не давяраюць кіруючыя пасады,
06:19
even though introverts tend to be very careful,
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хоць інтраверты вылучаюцца абачлівасцю,
06:21
much less likely to take outsize risks --
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не рызыкуюць дарэмна --
06:23
which is something we might all favor nowadays.
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і гэта немалаважна ў сучасным свеце.
06:27
And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School
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Адам Грант з Уортанскай школы даказаў,
06:30
has found that introverted leaders
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што лідары-інтраверты часта
06:32
often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,
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дасягаюць лепшых вынікаў за экстравертаў,
06:34
because when they are managing proactive employees,
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бо, маючы справу з актыўнымі працаўнікамі,
06:37
they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,
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яны дазваляюць ім вольна ажыццяўляць ідэі,
06:40
whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,
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калі экстраверты, ненаўмысна,
06:42
get so excited about things
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так уцягваюцца ў працэс,
06:44
that they're putting their own stamp on things,
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што пачынаюць занадта на яго ўплываць,
06:46
and other people's ideas might not as easily then
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і астатнім бывае цяжка рэалізаваць задумы.
06:48
bubble up to the surface.
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06:51
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.
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Насамрэч, гісторыя ведае
лідараў-інтравертаў,
06:54
I'll give you some examples.
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якія змянілі свет.
06:56
Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --
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Элеанора Рузвельт, Роза Паркс, Гандзі --
06:59
all these peopled described themselves
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лічылі сябе ціхмянымі і нават сціплымі.
07:01
as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.
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07:04
And they all took the spotlight,
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І ўсе сталі цэнтрам увагі,
07:06
even though every bone in their bodies
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хоць кожная клетка іх цела супраціўлялася.
07:08
was telling them not to.
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07:11
And this turns out to have a special power all its own,
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Асаблівая сіла вынікае з адчування людзей,
07:13
because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm,
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што гэтыя лідары ва ўладзе не для таго,
07:16
not because they enjoyed directing others
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каб з асалодай усіх кантраляваць
07:18
and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;
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або звярнуць на сябе ўвагу.
07:20
they were there because they had no choice,
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Прага ажыццяўлення ідэй
07:22
because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
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не пакідала ім выбару.
07:26
Now I think at this point it's important for me to say
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Думаю, цяпер самы час сказаць,
07:29
that I actually love extroverts.
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што насамрэч я люблю экстравертаў.
07:32
I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,
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Некаторыя мае лепшыя сябры экстраверты,
07:35
including my beloved husband.
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а таксама мой каханы муж.
07:39
And we all fall at different points, of course,
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І ўсе мы маем у сабе неаднолькавую
07:41
along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.
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колькасць экстравертна-інтравертных рысаў.
07:44
Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said
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Нават Карл Юнг, які ўвёў гэтыя тэрміны,
07:47
that there's no such thing as a pure introvert
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прызнаваўся, што ў чыстым выглядзе
07:49
or a pure extrovert.
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іх не бывае.
07:51
He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,
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Такі чалавек быў бы шаленцам,
07:53
if he existed at all.
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казаў ён.
07:56
And some people fall smack in the middle
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Некаторыя знаходзяцца ўсярэдзіне спектра,
07:58
of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,
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08:00
and we call these people ambiverts.
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іх называюць амбівертамі.
08:02
And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.
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Яны могуць насалоджвацца абодвума светамі.
Але большасць вызначае ў сабе пэўны тып.
08:06
But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
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08:09
And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance.
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Таму нашай культуры патрэбны баланс.
08:12
We need more of a yin and yang
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Дасягнуць "інь і ян" паміж двума тыпамі.
08:14
between these two types.
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08:16
This is especially important
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Гэта асабліва важна
08:18
when it comes to creativity and to productivity,
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ў пытаннях крэатыўнасці і прадуктыўнасці,
08:20
because when psychologists look
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бо псіхолагі заўважылі, што таленавітыя
08:22
at the lives of the most creative people,
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08:24
what they find
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людзі маюць здатнасць
08:26
are people who are very good at exchanging ideas
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да абмену ідэямі, а таксама
08:28
and advancing ideas,
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іх прасоўвання,
08:30
but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
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але таксама вялікую долю інтравертнасці.
08:33
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often
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Таму што самотнасць --
08:35
to creativity.
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найважнейшы складнік крэатыўнасці.
08:37
So Darwin,
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Дарвін, напрыклад,
08:39
he took long walks alone in the woods
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любіў паблукаць адзін у лесе
08:41
and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.
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і адхіляў запрашэнні на вечарыны.
08:44
Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,
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Тэадор Гейзель, вядомы як Доктар Сьюз,
08:47
he dreamed up many of his amazing creations
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прыдумаў большасць сваіх твораў
08:49
in a lonely bell tower office that he had
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у ціхім офісе, уладкаваным у званіцы
08:51
in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.
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на заднім двары свайго дома ў Каліфорніі.
08:54
And he was actually afraid to meet
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Ён баяўся сустрэч з юнымі чытачамі, бо яны
08:56
the young children who read his books
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08:58
for fear that they were expecting him
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мусілі ўяўляць яго вясёлым Санта Клаўсам.
09:00
this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure
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09:02
and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.
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Ён не хацеў расчароўваць дзяцей.
09:06
Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer
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Стыў Возняк вынайшаў першы
09:08
sitting alone in his cubical
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кампутар Apple, працуючы ў Hewlett-Packard
09:10
in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time.
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у адгароджанай кабінцы.
09:12
And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place
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Ён прызнаваўся, што вырас у прафесіянала,
09:15
had he not been too introverted to leave the house
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бо быў занадта інтравертным,
09:18
when he was growing up.
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каб бадзяцца па-за домам.
09:20
Now of course,
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Вядома, гэта не значыць,
09:23
this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --
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што нам усім трэба адмовіцца ад супрацы --
09:26
and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs
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Возняк працаваў разам са Стывам Джобсам
09:29
to start Apple Computer --
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над запускам кампутара Apple --
09:32
but it does mean that solitude matters
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але самотнасць мае значэнне
09:35
and that for some people
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і некаторым яна патрэбная, як паветра.
09:37
it is the air that they breathe.
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09:39
And in fact, we have known for centuries
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Насамрэч, значнасць самоты вядомая здаўна.
09:42
about the transcendent power of solitude.
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09:45
It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.
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З нядаўняга часу мы чамусь забываем яе.
09:48
If you look at most of the world's major religions,
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Калі зірнуць на ўсе сусветныя рэлігіі,
09:51
you will find seekers --
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то мы ўбачым шукальнікаў --
09:53
Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --
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Майсей, Езус, Буда, Мухамед --
09:56
seekers who are going off by themselves
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яны ўсе блукаюць самотныя ў пустэльні,
09:58
alone to the wilderness
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10:00
where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations
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дзе атрымліваюць прасвятленне і адкрыцці,
10:02
that they then bring back to the rest of the community.
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якія пасля перадаюць людзям.
10:05
So no wilderness, no revelations.
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Няма пустэльняў -- няма прасвятленняў.
10:09
This is no surprise though
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Тут няма чаму здзіўляцца,
10:11
if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.
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калі звярнуцца да сучаснай псіхалогіі.
10:14
It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people
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Знаходзячыся сярод людзей, мы інстынктыўна
10:17
without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.
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імітуем і паўтараем чужыя меркаванні.
10:20
Even about seemingly personal and visceral things
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Нават датычна самых інтымных пытанняў,
10:22
like who you're attracted to,
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як хто нас прываблівае,
10:24
you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you
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мы пачынаем пераймаць думкі людзей побач,
10:27
without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
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нават не ўсведамляючы гэтага.
10:29
And groups famously follow the opinions
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Група людзей звычайна прыслухоўваецца
10:32
of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,
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да найбольш харызматычных асоб,
10:34
even though there's zero correlation
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хоць не існуе ніякай сувязі
10:36
between being the best talker and having the best ideas --
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паміж красамоўнасцю і вартымі ідэямі --
10:39
I mean zero.
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Абсалютна ніякай.
10:41
So ...
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Таму --
10:43
(Laughter)
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(Смех)
10:45
You might be following the person with the best ideas,
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Таму іх ідэі могуць быць вартымі,
10:48
but you might not.
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а могуць і не быць.
10:50
And do you really want to leave it up to chance?
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Хіба разумна спадзявацца на шанцаванне?
10:53
Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,
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Нашмат лепш, калі кожны думае сам,
10:55
generate their own ideas
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развівае ўласныя ідэі
10:57
freed from the distortions of group dynamics,
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без умяшальніцтва групавой дынамікі,
10:59
and then come together as a team
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а пасля ствараюцца каманды,
11:01
to talk them through in a well-managed environment
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каб абмеркаваць іх найлепшым чынам
у добра арганізаваным
для гэтага асяроддзі.
11:04
and take it from there.
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11:06
Now if all this is true,
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Усім зразумела, што так лепш,
11:08
then why are we getting it so wrong?
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чаму ж мы працягваем рабіць няправільна?
11:11
Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces?
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Навошта нам такія школы і праца?
11:13
And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty
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Чаму прымушаем інтравертаў адчуваць віну,
11:15
about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?
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калі яны часам хочуць самастойнасці?
11:19
One answer lies deep in our cultural history.
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Адзін адказ знаходзіцца ў нашай гісторыі.
11:22
Western societies,
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Заходняе грамадства,
11:24
and in particular the U.S.,
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асабліва ў ЗША,
11:26
have always favored the man of action
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заўсёды больш цаніла дзеянне, чым развагі.
11:28
over the man of contemplation
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11:30
and "man" of contemplation.
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11:34
But in America's early days,
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На пачатку гісторыі Амерыкі
11:37
we lived in what historians call a culture of character,
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існавала так званая культура характару,
11:40
where we still, at that point, valued people
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дзе чалавек цаніўся паводле
11:42
for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.
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ўнутранай самасці і ступені маральнасці.
11:45
And if you look at the self-help books from this era,
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Назвы матывацыйных кніг тых часоў
11:47
they all had titles with things like
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былі прыкладна такія:
11:49
"Character, the Grandest Thing in the World."
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"Характар: найвялікшая рэч у свеце".
11:52
And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln
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Узорам былі асобы, як Аўраам Лінкальн,
11:55
who was praised for being modest and unassuming.
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слаўны сціпласцю і непрэтэнцыйнасцю.
11:57
Ralph Waldo Emerson called him
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Ральф Уолда Эмерсан назваў яго
11:59
"A man who does not offend by superiority."
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"Чалавек, не сапсаваны перавагай".
12:02
But then we hit the 20th century
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Але пасля надышло 20 стагоддзе,
12:05
and we entered a new culture
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разам з новай культурай, якую гісторыкі
12:07
that historians call the culture of personality.
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называюць "культурай індывідуальнасці".
12:09
What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy
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Паступова сельскагаспадарчая эканоміка
12:11
to a world of big business.
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замянілася вялікім бізнэсам.
12:13
And so suddenly people are moving
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Людзі пачалі з'язджаць з вёсак у гарады.
12:15
from small towns to the cities.
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12:17
And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives,
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Працаваўшы поплеч з знаёмымі з дзяцінства,
12:20
now they are having to prove themselves
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цяпер яны мусілі займець давер незнаёмцаў.
12:22
in a crowd of strangers.
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12:24
So, quite understandably,
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Натуральна, важнымі ў гэтай справе
12:26
qualities like magnetism and charisma
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робяцца якасці, як магнетызм і харызма.
12:28
suddenly come to seem really important.
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12:30
And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs
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Матывацыйныя кнігі адпаведна змяняюцца,
12:33
and they start to have names
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і ім пачынаюць даваць назвы
12:35
like "How to Win Friends and Influence People."
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"Як заваяваць сяброў і ўплываць на людзей"
12:37
And they feature as their role models
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Героі новых кніг -- паспяховыя гандляры.
12:39
really great salesmen.
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12:42
So that's the world we're living in today.
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Цяпер гэта наша рэальнасць.
12:44
That's our cultural inheritance.
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Наша культурная спадчына.
12:48
Now none of this is to say
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Я не кажу, што сацыяльныя навыкі не важныя
12:50
that social skills are unimportant,
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12:53
and I'm also not calling
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або што камандную працу трэба скасаваць.
12:55
for the abolishing of teamwork at all.
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12:58
The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops
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Пасылаючы сваіх мудрацоў на вяршыні гор,
13:01
also teach us love and trust.
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рэлігіі таксама вучаць любові і даверу.
13:04
And the problems that we are facing today
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Праблемы, якія паўсталі сёння
13:06
in fields like science and in economics
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ў навуцы і эканоміцы,
13:08
are so vast and so complex
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настолькі маштабныя і складаныя,
13:10
that we are going to need armies of people coming together
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што чалавецтва мусіць стаць адным легіёнам
13:12
to solve them working together.
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для іх сумеснага вырашэння.
13:14
But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,
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Але даючы інтравертам свабоду быць сабой,
13:17
the more likely that they are
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мы дазволім ім
13:19
to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
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знайсці ўнікальныя шляхі выхаду з праблем.
13:24
So now I'd like to share with you
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Цяпер я хачу раскрыць, што ў маёй валізе.
13:26
what's in my suitcase today.
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13:33
Guess what?
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Угадайце што.
13:35
Books.
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Кнігі.
13:37
I have a suitcase full of books.
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Мая валіза поўная кніг.
13:39
Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye."
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Гэта Маргарэт Этвуд "Кацінае вока"
13:41
Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.
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Раман Мілана Кундэры.
13:44
And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed"
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І "Праваднік заблукалых" Майманіда.
13:46
by Maimonides.
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13:49
But these are not exactly my books.
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Але гэта не зусім мае кнігі.
13:52
I brought these books with me
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Я ўзяла іх, бо яны напісаныя
13:54
because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
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ўлюбёнымі аўтарамі майго дзядулі.
13:58
My grandfather was a rabbi
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Мой дзед быў рабінам
14:00
and he was a widower
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і ўдаўцом.
14:02
who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn
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Ён жыў сам у бруклінскай кватэрцы,
14:05
that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,
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дзе я любіла бавіць час больш, чым дзе,
14:08
partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence
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бо ўсё было прасякнута яго выкшталцонасцю
14:11
and partly because it was filled with books.
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і таксама там была процьма кніг.
14:14
I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment
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То бок усе сталы і крэслы ў кватэры
14:17
had yielded its original function
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замест сваёй асноўнай функцыі
14:19
to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.
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выконвалі ролю кніжных паліц.
14:22
Just like the rest of my family,
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Як і ўсе мае сваякі,
14:24
my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
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дзед больш за ўсё на свеце любіў чытаць.
14:27
But he also loved his congregation,
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Але ён таксама любіў сваіх прыхаджанаў,
14:30
and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave
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і гэтая любоў адчувалася ў пропаведзях,
14:33
every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.
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якія ён казаў 62 гады, будучы рабінам.
14:37
He would takes the fruits of each week's reading
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Штодзень ён збіраў мудрасці з кніг,
14:40
and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.
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і аддаваў іх, ствараючы
дзіўнае палатно з гуманістычных ідэй.
14:43
And people would come from all over
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Людзі прыязджалі адусюль на прамову.
14:45
to hear him speak.
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14:47
But here's the thing about my grandfather.
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Але была адна акалічнасць.
14:50
Underneath this ceremonial role,
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Выконваючы цырыманіяльную ролю,
14:52
he was really modest and really introverted --
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мой дзед быў сціплым і інтравертным
14:55
so much so that when he delivered these sermons,
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настолькі, што падчас пропаведзі
14:58
he had trouble making eye contact
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саромеўся наладжваць зрокавы кантакт
15:00
with the very same congregation
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з прыхаджанамі, якіх ведаў багата часу.
15:02
that he had been speaking to for 62 years.
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15:04
And even away from the podium,
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Калі ён пакідаў подыюм,
15:06
when you called him to say hello,
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і хтосьці вітаўся з ім,
15:08
he would often end the conversation prematurely
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дзед імкнуўся не зацягваць размову,
15:10
for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.
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каб нікому задужа не замінаць.
15:14
But when he died at the age of 94,
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Калі ж ён памёр ва ўзросце 94 гадоў,
15:17
the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood
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паліцыі давялося перакрыць рух на вуліцы,
15:20
to accommodate the crowd of people
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каб натоўп людзей мог развітацца з ім.
15:22
who came out to mourn him.
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15:26
And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example
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Цяпер я імкнуся вучыцца па дзедавым узоры
15:29
in my own way.
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самастойна.
15:31
So I just published a book about introversion,
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Я толькі выдала кнігу пра інтравертнасць,
15:34
and it took me about seven years to write.
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якую пісала сем год.
15:36
And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,
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Гэтыя сем год былі проста добраславеннем,
15:39
because I was reading, I was writing,
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бо я чытала, і пісала,
15:42
I was thinking, I was researching.
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разважала, і даследавала.
15:44
It was my version
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Гэта была мая версія часу,
15:46
of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.
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прабаўленага дзедам у сваёй бібліятэцы.
15:49
But now all of a sudden my job is very different,
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Але раптам мае абавязкі змяніліся,
15:52
and my job is to be out here talking about it,
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і мая праца -- выступаць перад публікай,
15:55
talking about introversion.
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гаворачы пра інтравертнасць.
15:58
(Laughter)
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(Смех)
16:02
And that's a lot harder for me,
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І гэта мне даецца цяжка,
16:04
because as honored as I am
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бо хоць я і дужа рада быць сёння з вамі,
16:06
to be here with all of you right now,
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16:08
this is not my natural milieu.
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такая сітуацыя мне нязвыклая.
16:11
So I prepared for moments like these
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То я падрыхтавалася як мага да гэтых змен.
16:13
as best I could.
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16:15
I spent the last year practicing public speaking
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Увесь мінулы год я практыкавала выступы,
16:17
every chance I could get.
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калі толькі выпадаў шанец.
16:19
And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."
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Я называю гэты год "Прамовы на выжыванне".
16:22
(Laughter)
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(Смех)
16:24
And that actually helped a lot.
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Такая тактыка была дужа карыснай.
16:26
But I'll tell you, what helps even more
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Але што дапамагло мне найбольш,
16:28
is my sense, my belief, my hope
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дык гэта адчуванне і вера,
што наша стаўленне
16:31
that when it comes to our attitudes
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16:33
to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,
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да інтравертнасці, спакою і адзіноты
16:35
we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.
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прымушае нас балансаваць на мяжы перамен.
16:37
I mean, we are.
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Сапраўды.
16:39
And so I am going to leave you now
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Напрыканцы я хачу заклікаць усіх,
16:41
with three calls for action
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хто згодны са мной, да трох крокаў.
16:43
for those who share this vision.
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16:45
Number one:
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Першы:
16:47
Stop the madness for constant group work.
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Спыніце вар'яцтва каманднай працы.
16:49
Just stop it.
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Проста спыніце.
16:51
(Laughter)
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(Смех)
16:54
Thank you.
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Дзякую.
16:56
(Applause)
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(Апладысменты)
16:58
And I want to be clear about what I'm saying,
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Я пераканана, што будзе выдатна,
17:00
because I deeply believe our offices
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калі ў офісах завядзёнкай будуць
17:02
should be encouraging
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разняволеныя размовы за кубачкам гарбаты,
17:04
casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions --
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17:06
you know, the kind where people come together
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калі ўсе збіраюцца разам
17:08
and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.
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і нязмушана абменьваюцца думкамі.
17:10
That is great.
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Гэта цудоўна.
17:12
It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.
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Цудоўна для інтравертаў і экстравертаў.
17:14
But we need much more privacy and much more freedom
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Але падчас працы трэба больш прыватнасці,
17:16
and much more autonomy at work.
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свабоды і аўтаномнасці.
17:18
School, same thing.
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Тое самае ў школах.
17:20
We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,
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Мы павінны вучыць дзяцей працаваць разам,
17:23
but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.
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але таксама як працаваць самастойна.
17:25
This is especially important for extroverted children too.
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Гэта важна і для дзяцей-экстравертаў.
17:28
They need to work on their own
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Яны мусяць працаваць самі,
17:30
because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
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бо тады з'яўляюцца глыбокія думкі.
17:32
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.
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Добры, другі крок: бывайце на самоце.
17:35
Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.
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Будзьце як Буда, шукайце свае адкрыцці.
17:38
I'm not saying
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Я не кажу,
17:40
that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods
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што нам трэба ўсім жыць у лясных хацінах
17:43
and never talk to each other again,
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і не мець ніякіх стасункаў,
17:46
but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug
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але нам варта часцей "адлучацца ад сеткі"
17:48
and get inside our own heads
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і падлучацца да ўласнага розуму.
17:50
a little more often.
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17:54
Number three:
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Трэці крок:
17:57
Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase
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Паглядзіце, што ляжыць у вашай валізе,
17:59
and why you put it there.
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і чаму вы паклалі гэта ў яе.
18:01
So extroverts,
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Экстраверты, можа быць,
18:03
maybe your suitcases are also full of books.
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вашы валізы таксама поўныя кніг.
18:05
Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses
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Можа, у іх прыгожыя шклянкі або парашуты.
18:07
or skydiving equipment.
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18:10
Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get
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Так ці інакш, адорвайце нас гэтымі рэчамі,
18:14
and grace us with your energy and your joy.
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а таксама энергіяй і жыццярадаснасцю.
18:17
But introverts, you being you,
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Інтраверты, вы па сваёй натуры
18:20
you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully
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вельмі ашчадліва ставіцеся да рэчаў
18:22
what's inside your own suitcase.
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у вашых валізах.
18:24
And that's okay.
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І гэта нармальна.
18:26
But occasionally, just occasionally,
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Але часам, толькі часам,
18:28
I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,
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адкрывайце свае валізы іншым людзям,
18:31
because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
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бо вы і вашы рэчы патрэбныя свету.
18:36
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys
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Я жадаю вам найдзівоснейшых шляхоў
18:38
and the courage to speak softly.
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і смеласці прамаўляць ціха.
18:41
Thank you very much.
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Дзякуй вам вялікі.
18:43
(Applause)
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(Апладысменты)
18:47
Thank you. Thank you.
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Дзякую. Дзякую.
18:50
(Applause)
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(Апладысменты)
Translated by Marjana Vitera
Reviewed by Artur Taććianin

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.

Why you should listen

Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.

In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.

In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.

At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.

Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.

More profile about the speaker
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com