TED2012
Susan Cain: The power of introverts
Susan Cain：內向者的力量
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在社交能力和外向備受推崇的文化中，內向的人會遇到很多困難，有時甚至會受到羞辱。但Susan Cain在這充滿熱情的演講中，提出內向者所特有的能力與天份，應受到社會的鼓勵和嘉許。
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
When I was nine years old
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在我九歲時
00:17
I went off to summer camp for the first time.
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第一次要去參加夏令營，
00:19
And my mother packed me a suitcase
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媽媽幫我整理的行李箱
00:21
full of books,
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裡面塞滿了書，
00:23
which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.
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這對我來說是完全正常的事情。
00:25
Because in my family,
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因為在我的家庭中，
00:27
reading was the primary group activity.
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閱讀是主要的群體活動。
00:30
And this might sound antisocial to you,
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對你來說我們似乎顯得不愛社交，
00:32
but for us it was really just a different way of being social.
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但對於我們而言，這只是另一種社交方式罷了。
00:35
You have the animal warmth of your family
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你能享受到家人坐在身邊
00:37
sitting right next to you,
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動物性的溫暖，
00:39
but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland
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也能自由自在地
00:41
inside your own mind.
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在內心深處的冒險樂園中遨遊。
00:43
And I had this idea
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而我以為
00:45
that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
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夏令營就應該像這樣子，而且是更好一些。
00:47
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:50
I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin
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我的腦海浮現著10個女孩
00:53
cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
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穿相似的睡衣，坐在小木屋裡愜意地讀書。
00:55
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:57
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.
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夏令營就像是一個沒有酒精飲料的派對聚會。
01:00
And on the very first day
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在入營的第一天
01:03
our counselor gathered us all together
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營長把我們召集一起
01:05
and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing
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她教了我們ㄧ個在暑假餘下的日子裡
01:07
every day for the rest of the summer
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每天都會用到的口號，
01:09
to instill camp spirit.
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藉以凝聚營舎精神。
01:11
And it went like this:
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這句口號是這樣的:
01:13
"R-O-W-D-I-E,
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"R-O-W-D-I-E (譯註:即 rowdy 作吵鬧解)，
01:15
that's the way we spell rowdie.
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我們是這樣拼rowdie的，
01:17
Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."
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嘰喳嘰喳嘰，盡情吵鬧吧。"
01:22
Yeah.
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是的。
01:24
So I couldn't figure out for the life of me
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我完全不能理解
01:26
why we were supposed to be so rowdy,
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為何要吵鬧，
01:28
or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.
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為何要錯誤地拼這個字。
01:31
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:37
But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.
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不過我還是背誦了這口號，跟其他人一同呼叫。
01:40
I did my best.
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我盡力而為。
01:42
And I just waited for the time
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然後等待，
01:44
that I could go off and read my books.
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可以回房看書的時間。
01:47
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,
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但當我終於可以把書拿出來的時候，
01:49
the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me
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營裡最酷的女孩走過來
01:51
and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --
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問我，"你在裝甚麼老成啊？" --
01:54
mellow, of course, being the exact opposite
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老成，剛好是
01:56
of R-O-W-D-I-E.
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吵鬧 (R-O-W-D-I-E) 的相反詞。
01:58
And then the second time I tried it,
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然後第二次我再拿書出來時，
02:00
the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face
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營長面露關心的走過來，
02:03
and she repeated the point about camp spirit
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重申了營隊精神，
02:05
and said we should all work very hard
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說我們都應該努力變得
02:07
to be outgoing.
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活潑外向。
02:09
And so I put my books away,
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所以我把書收進
02:12
back in their suitcase,
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我的行李箱裡，
02:15
and I put them under my bed,
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把它們放在床下，
02:19
and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.
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讓它整個夏天都待在那裡，
02:21
And I felt kind of guilty about this.
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然而我卻覺得有點愧疚，
02:23
I felt as if the books needed me somehow,
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總覺得這些書本需要我，
02:25
and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.
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他們不停呼喚著我，
02:28
But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again
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但我把它拋棄了而且再也沒有打開我的行李箱，
02:30
until I was back home with my family
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一直到夏天的尾巴，
02:32
at the end of the summer.
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我回家的那天。
02:34
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.
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我說的這個夏令營的故事，
02:37
I could have told you 50 others just like it --
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事實上可以有五十個相同的版本--
02:40
all the times that I got the message
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旁人傳遞來的訊息總是說，
02:42
that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being
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我的安靜內向
02:46
was not necessarily the right way to go,
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不是一般人應該有的表現，
02:48
that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.
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我應該更活潑外向一點。
02:51
And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong
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但我內心深處我知道，
02:54
and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.
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內向才是我真正自在的表現。
02:56
But for years I denied this intuition,
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但，多年來我試圖否定我的直覺，
02:59
and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,
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所以我成為華爾街的律師，
03:02
instead of the writer that I had always longed to be --
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而不是我一直想成為的作家--
03:05
partly because I needed to prove to myself
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一部份原因是我想證明
03:07
that I could be bold and assertive too.
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自己有行事果斷的能力。
03:09
And I was always going off to crowded bars
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我常去最熱門的酒吧，
03:11
when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.
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但其實我更想要與好友自在的享用晚餐。
03:14
And I made these self-negating choices
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我下意識的做這些
03:17
so reflexively,
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背離我個性的選擇，
03:19
that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.
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而我竟已渾然不覺。
03:22
Now this is what many introverts do,
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其實很多內向的人都這麼做，
03:24
and it's our loss for sure,
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這不只是我們個人損失，
03:26
but it is also our colleagues' loss
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更是我們同僚，
03:28
and our communities' loss.
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與社會群眾的損失。
03:30
And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.
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聽起來言重，但這也是對這個世界的損失。
03:33
Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,
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因為創造力和領導力
03:36
we need introverts doing what they do best.
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正需要這些內斂的人發揮他們的長才。
03:39
A third to a half of the population are introverts --
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有1/3至一半的人口是偏內向的--
03:41
a third to a half.
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1/3近一半!
03:43
So that's one out of every two or three people you know.
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也就是說每兩三個人中就有一個內向人口。
03:46
So even if you're an extrovert yourself,
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就算你本身是外向的，
03:49
I'm talking about your coworkers
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你的同事
03:51
and your spouses and your children
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你的另一半和你的小孩，
03:53
and the person sitting next to you right now --
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還有你旁邊坐的那位--
03:56
all of them subject to this bias
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都可能是受害者。
03:58
that is pretty deep and real in our society.
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這種觀念深植在我們社會中。
04:00
We all internalize it from a very early age
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我們在還不會說話時
04:03
without even having a language for what we're doing.
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就已被這種思想內化了。
04:06
Now to see the bias clearly
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為了要更加明白這個偏見，
04:08
you need to understand what introversion is.
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我們必須瞭解什麼是內向。
04:11
It's different from being shy.
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內向不是害羞，
04:13
Shyness is about fear of social judgment.
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害羞是無法承受社會眼光。
04:15
Introversion is more about,
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內向比較像是
04:17
how do you respond to stimulation,
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你對外在世界的反應。
04:19
including social stimulation.
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外向的人需要很多的刺激，
04:21
So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,
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但內斂的人相反，
04:24
whereas introverts feel at their most alive
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他們對自身感受敏銳，
04:26
and their most switched-on and their most capable
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反而在不被注目時
04:28
when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.
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最能發揮他們的能耐。
04:30
Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute --
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偶而會有例外，
04:32
but a lot of the time.
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但大多是如此。
04:34
So the key then
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所以關鍵在於
04:36
to maximizing our talents
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去將各人的長才發揮至極致，
04:39
is for us all to put ourselves
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適才所長，
04:41
in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
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各司其職。
04:44
But now here's where the bias comes in.
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但就因為社會的偏見，
04:46
Our most important institutions,
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我們最重要的機構
04:48
our schools and our workplaces,
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學校及職場，
04:50
they are designed mostly for extroverts
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卻像是為外向者設計的，
04:52
and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.
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提供很多的刺激給每個人。
04:55
And also we have this belief system right now
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這樣的不成文社會慣例，
04:59
that I call the new groupthink,
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我稱之為新團體思考，
05:01
which holds that all creativity and all productivity
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把所有的想像力跟創造力
05:04
comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
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綑在一個群聚的團體中。
05:09
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:
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所以，想像一個早期典型的教室：
05:11
When I was going to school,
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我以前上學時，
05:13
we sat in rows.
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我們都排排坐在
05:15
We sat in rows of desks like this,
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行列整齊的書桌前，
05:17
and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.
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各自做著我們的功課。
05:19
But nowadays, your typical classroom
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但現在，普遍的教室
05:21
has pods of desks --
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都把桌椅和併成團--
05:23
four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.
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四，五，六，七個小朋友面對面，
05:26
And kids are working in countless group assignments.
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每個人都要參與團體作業，
05:28
Even in subjects like math and creative writing,
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甚至連算數或是創意寫作
05:31
which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,
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這種可以獨自完成的作業，
05:34
kids are now expected to act as committee members.
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都要小朋友像委員會成員一樣參與討論。
05:38
And for the kids who prefer
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而那些想要獨自
05:40
to go off by themselves or just to work alone,
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或獨立完成作業的孩子，
05:42
those kids are seen as outliers often
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被視為不和群的異類，
05:44
or, worse, as problem cases.
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甚至是問題孩童。
05:48
And the vast majority of teachers reports believing
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幾乎所有老師都認為
05:51
that the ideal student is an extrovert
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好的學生應該是外向活潑的，
05:53
as opposed to an introvert,
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內向的孩子則正好相反。
05:55
even though introverts actually get better grades
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雖然內向的孩子成績較好
05:57
and are more knowledgeable,
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甚至更博學多聞，
05:59
according to research.
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這是根據研究論文的喔。
06:01
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:03
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.
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在職場上何嘗不是如此，
06:06
Now, most of us work in open plan offices,
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我們大多在開放的空間工作，
06:09
without walls,
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沒有隔閡，
06:11
where we are subject
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我們持續暴露於
06:13
to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.
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嘈雜的聲音跟同事的目光下。
06:15
And when it comes to leadership,
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而關於領導能力，
06:17
introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,
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內向的人大多不被認為具有領導能力，
06:19
even though introverts tend to be very careful,
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就算他們行事更謹慎，
06:21
much less likely to take outsize risks --
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更不會為了出鋒頭冒不必要的險--
06:23
which is something we might all favor nowadays.
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我們不都偏好這種人當領袖嗎?
06:27
And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School
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Adam Grant研究發現，
06:30
has found that introverted leaders
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這些內向的領導者，
06:32
often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,
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往往更能勝任領導職責，
06:34
because when they are managing proactive employees,
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因為他們善於管理不同人才，
06:37
they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,
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讓有遠見的員工自由發揮，
06:40
whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,
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反之外向的領導者，不經意的
06:42
get so excited about things
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對事情反應過度，
06:44
that they're putting their own stamp on things,
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他們的見解較為主觀，
06:46
and other people's ideas might not as easily then
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這使很多員工的創新想法
06:48
bubble up to the surface.
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沒有機會被採用。
06:51
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.
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事實上，很多有改革力的偉大領袖是些內向的人。
06:54
I'll give you some examples.
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羅斯福、蘿莎帕克斯、甘地，
06:56
Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --
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這些人對自我的描述都是
06:59
all these peopled described themselves
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內向，文靜，說話溫柔，
07:01
as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.
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甚至是害羞的人。
07:04
And they all took the spotlight,
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他們矗立在鎂光燈下，
07:06
even though every bone in their bodies
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不是因為他們天生愛指揮，
07:08
was telling them not to.
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也不是想要萬眾矚目，
07:11
And this turns out to have a special power all its own,
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他們成為領袖是因為一種使命感，
07:13
because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm,
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因為他們深知這是必須要做的。
07:16
not because they enjoyed directing others
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而人們可以明白感受到
07:18
and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;
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他們當領袖不是因為好大喜功，
07:20
they were there because they had no choice,
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而是責任感，
07:22
because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
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驅使他們做認為對的事情。
07:26
Now I think at this point it's important for me to say
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現在我必須申明，
07:29
that I actually love extroverts.
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我其實非常喜歡外向的人。
07:32
I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,
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我很多知心友人都是外向者，
07:35
including my beloved husband.
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我心愛的丈夫也是。
07:39
And we all fall at different points, of course,
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內向外向就像個光譜，
07:41
along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.
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而我們坐落在不同程度的兩端。
07:44
Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said
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心理學大師榮格如是說，
07:47
that there's no such thing as a pure introvert
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事上沒有絕對的內向
07:49
or a pure extrovert.
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或是外向的人。
07:51
He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,
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即使真有這樣的人存在，
07:53
if he existed at all.
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他就會被關進精神病院。
07:56
And some people fall smack in the middle
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在這道內向外向的光譜上，
07:58
of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,
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有的人剛好坐落在中間，
08:00
and we call these people ambiverts.
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我們稱之為中間性格，
08:02
And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.
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我認為他們是最值得稱讚的，
08:06
But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
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但大多數的我們都自認不是外向就是內向。
08:09
And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance.
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我想表達的是，我們的社會文化需要平衡，
08:12
We need more of a yin and yang
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需要內向外向
08:14
between these two types.
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陰與陽的調和。
08:16
This is especially important
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這點在創造力與生產力的表現上
08:18
when it comes to creativity and to productivity,
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尤其重要。
08:20
because when psychologists look
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因為根據心理學家的觀察，
08:22
at the lives of the most creative people,
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最有創意的一群人，
08:24
what they find
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不只擅長於
08:26
are people who are very good at exchanging ideas
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交換意見，溝通，
08:28
and advancing ideas,
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與創新，
08:30
but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
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更存有內向的特質，
08:33
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often
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偶發的孤獨感，
08:35
to creativity.
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是創造力的關鍵。
08:37
So Darwin,
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所以，達爾文
08:39
he took long walks alone in the woods
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會獨自在樹林間漫步，
08:41
and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.
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且斷然的拒絕晚餐宴會的邀約，
08:44
Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,
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Theodor Geisel，也就是「蘇斯博士」，
08:47
he dreamed up many of his amazing creations
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是在他加州拉荷亞的老家
08:49
in a lonely bell tower office that he had
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一個寂寞鐘塔裡的書房，
08:51
in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.
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創造出許多舉世聞名的童話書。
08:54
And he was actually afraid to meet
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而他其實非常害怕
08:56
the young children who read his books
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跟他的小讀者們見面，
08:58
for fear that they were expecting him
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因為他怕小朋友們
09:00
this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure
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看到他會期待落空，
09:02
and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.
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因為他不像聖誕老人那樣親和有趣。
09:06
Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer
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Steve Wozniak在惠普公司
09:08
sitting alone in his cubical
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的一個小辦公室裡
09:10
in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time.
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發明了世上第一台蘋果電腦。
09:12
And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place
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他說他以前年輕時，如果不是
09:15
had he not been too introverted to leave the house
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因為太過內向而都宅在家裡，
09:18
when he was growing up.
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他不可能可以成為了不起的工程師。
09:20
Now of course,
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當然，
09:23
this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --
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這絕非告訴大家我們從此不要再合作了--
09:26
and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs
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好比 Steve Wozniak和賈伯斯
09:29
to start Apple Computer --
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兩人同心協力才能創辦蘋果公司--
09:32
but it does mean that solitude matters
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但，獨立自主是非常重要的。
09:35
and that for some people
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對一些人來說，
09:37
it is the air that they breathe.
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這就是他們生活的方式。
09:39
And in fact, we have known for centuries
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事實上，幾世紀以來，
09:42
about the transcendent power of solitude.
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我們都知道獨處所帶來的推動力，
09:45
It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.
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但直到近期我們不知怎麼遺忘了。
09:48
If you look at most of the world's major religions,
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世界上那些偉大的宗教領袖，
09:51
you will find seekers --
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你會發現這些人--
09:53
Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --
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摩西，耶稣，佛祖，穆罕默德 --
09:56
seekers who are going off by themselves
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他們都遠離塵囂，
09:58
alone to the wilderness
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獨自走進曠野。
10:00
where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations
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他們而後尋得啟示與頓悟，
10:02
that they then bring back to the rest of the community.
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再把所得貢獻回他們的社會。
10:05
So no wilderness, no revelations.
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所以，沒有獨處的荒野，就不會有啟示錄。
10:09
This is no surprise though
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這其實不是什麼新鮮事，
10:11
if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.
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仔細的看看你周遭的人們，
10:14
It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people
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我們如果不模仿彼此的言行舉止，
10:17
without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.
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我們根本不會變成一個群體。
10:20
Even about seemingly personal and visceral things
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我們甚至連價值觀，
10:22
like who you're attracted to,
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都被大環境牽著走，
10:24
you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you
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你甚至會在不知不覺中，
10:27
without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
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開始模仿周遭人們的信仰。
10:29
And groups famously follow the opinions
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我們尤其容易，在小圈圈裡
10:32
of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,
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追隨能言善道的角色。
10:34
even though there's zero correlation
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即使，最會說話的人
10:36
between being the best talker and having the best ideas --
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並不見得是最有想法的人。
10:39
I mean zero.
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根本就不會是。
10:41
So ...
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所以說...
10:43
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:45
You might be following the person with the best ideas,
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你可能正在支持最有想法的人，
10:48
but you might not.
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也可能不是。
10:50
And do you really want to leave it up to chance?
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難道你真的不想有雪亮的雙眼?
10:53
Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,
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我們何不用自己的雙腳走入孤獨，
10:55
generate their own ideas
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領會屬於自己的思想，
10:57
freed from the distortions of group dynamics,
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不被群眾思想控制，
10:59
and then come together as a team
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然後再互相合作，
11:01
to talk them through in a well-managed environment
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在一個健全的環境討論交流，
11:04
and take it from there.
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共同創造成果。
11:06
Now if all this is true,
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如果這一切都是真的，
11:08
then why are we getting it so wrong?
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我們為何錯的一蹋糊塗?
11:11
Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces?
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我們為何把學校跟職場架設成這樣?
11:13
And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty
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我們為何要讓這些內向者
11:15
about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?
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因為想有獨立自處的時間而感到無所適從?
11:19
One answer lies deep in our cultural history.
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有個答案深植在我們的社會文化裡，
11:22
Western societies,
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我們西方社會，
11:24
and in particular the U.S.,
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特別是在美國，
11:26
have always favored the man of action
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總是讚揚有行動力的人，
11:28
over the man of contemplation
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而非有沉思能力的人。
11:30
and "man" of contemplation.
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有沉思能力的"男人"。
11:34
But in America's early days,
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但在美國早期，
11:37
we lived in what historians call a culture of character,
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歷史學家稱之文化性格時期，
11:40
where we still, at that point, valued people
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那時人們仍尊重
11:42
for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.
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公正清廉，有內在涵養的人。
11:45
And if you look at the self-help books from this era,
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綜觀那時的勵志書籍，
11:47
they all had titles with things like
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幾乎都會有像是
11:49
"Character, the Grandest Thing in the World."
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"品格是世上最珍貴的東西。"等頭銜。
11:52
And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln
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例如亞伯拉罕 林肯被群眾頌揚，
11:55
who was praised for being modest and unassuming.
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因其謙遜與不裝腔作勢的性格。
11:57
Ralph Waldo Emerson called him
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美國思想家愛默生稱其
11:59
"A man who does not offend by superiority."
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"不被優越感駕馭的男人"。
12:02
But then we hit the 20th century
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然而隨著二十世紀到來，
12:05
and we entered a new culture
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我們進入了一個新的紀元，
12:07
that historians call the culture of personality.
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歷史上稱之為文化人格時期。
12:09
What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy
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我們從農村經濟
12:11
to a world of big business.
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演變為大型貿易體制，
12:13
And so suddenly people are moving
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突然間人們從小鄉鎮
12:15
from small towns to the cities.
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湧入大城市。
12:17
And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives,
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所以人們不再只是跟一起長大的人共事，
12:20
now they are having to prove themselves
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而必須在強者四伏的環境
12:22
in a crowd of strangers.
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積極的證明自己的能力。
12:24
So, quite understandably,
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因此，不難理解，
12:26
qualities like magnetism and charisma
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具有吸引力的個人魅力
12:28
suddenly come to seem really important.
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變得格外的重要。
12:30
And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs
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自然地，勵志書籍也改變路線了，
12:33
and they start to have names
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開始出現書名像是
12:35
like "How to Win Friends and Influence People."
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"如何贏得朋友和影響他人" 等。
12:37
And they feature as their role models
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成功的推銷員，
12:39
really great salesmen.
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變成人們楷模的對向。
12:42
So that's the world we're living in today.
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這就是我們所生活的今天，
12:44
That's our cultural inheritance.
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我們的文化傳承於此。
12:48
Now none of this is to say
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我所說的完全不是指
12:50
that social skills are unimportant,
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社交技能不重要，
12:53
and I'm also not calling
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我也不是在說
12:55
for the abolishing of teamwork at all.
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團隊精神沒有存在價值。
12:58
The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops
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相同的宗教聖賢們
13:01
also teach us love and trust.
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今日仍舊教導我們愛與信。
13:04
And the problems that we are facing today
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而我們現今所面臨的問題，
13:06
in fields like science and in economics
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如科學突破與經濟發展，
13:08
are so vast and so complex
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變得如此廣闊複雜，
13:10
that we are going to need armies of people coming together
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我們當然需要集思廣益，
13:12
to solve them working together.
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共同解決眼前的難關。
13:14
But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,
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但，如果我們能提供內向者多一些個人空間，
13:17
the more likely that they are
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他們便有機會
13:19
to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
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創造出獨具慧眼的答案。
13:24
So now I'd like to share with you
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所以我想分享給各位的是，
13:26
what's in my suitcase today.
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我行李箱中的東西。
13:33
Guess what?
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猜猜裡面是什麼?
13:35
Books.
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書。
13:37
I have a suitcase full of books.
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滿滿一袋的書。
13:39
Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye."
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這是馬格莉特著的<貓之眼>；
13:41
Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.
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米蘭 昆德拉的小說；
13:44
And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed"
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這是<迷途中的指南>
13:46
by Maimonides.
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由麥蒙尼德所著。
13:49
But these are not exactly my books.
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但其實這些書不屬於我，
13:52
I brought these books with me
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我會帶這些書來，
13:54
because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
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是因為這些是我祖父最喜歡的作者的作品。
13:58
My grandfather was a rabbi
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我祖父是猶太教教士，
14:00
and he was a widower
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祖母過世後他獨自
14:02
who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn
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住在布魯克林的一間小公寓裡。
14:05
that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,
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那是我小時候最喜歡的地方，
14:08
partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence
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部分原因是那裏充滿祖父溫柔的氛圍，
14:11
and partly because it was filled with books.
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部分原因是那裏佈滿了書。
14:14
I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment
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那裏的每張桌子，甚至椅子，
14:17
had yielded its original function
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都被成推成塔的書
14:19
to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.
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給排排占滿了。
14:22
Just like the rest of my family,
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就如同我家庭的其他成員，
14:24
my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
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我祖父的嗜好就是閱讀。
14:27
But he also loved his congregation,
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但他也很享受宗教集會，
14:30
and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave
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62年來，他每周都會在
14:33
every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.
347
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猶太教佈道會上講道。
14:37
He would takes the fruits of each week's reading
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他會把他從書中吸收到的智慧，
14:40
and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.
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頌揚遠古流傳的人道主義思維。
14:43
And people would come from all over
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他的聽眾來自各個領域，
14:45
to hear him speak.
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認真聆聽他的傳講。
14:47
But here's the thing about my grandfather.
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我祖父有個特點，
14:50
Underneath this ceremonial role,
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在他宗教領導角色背後，
14:52
he was really modest and really introverted --
354
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他是個非常謙遜與內向的人--
14:55
so much so that when he delivered these sermons,
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他甚至緊張到不敢在佈道時
14:58
he had trouble making eye contact
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跟聽眾眼神交會。
15:00
with the very same congregation
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即使他都已經在同一個佈道會
15:02
that he had been speaking to for 62 years.
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傳講了62年了。
15:04
And even away from the podium,
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甚至，當他走下講台，
15:06
when you called him to say hello,
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人們向著他打招呼時，
15:08
he would often end the conversation prematurely
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他會草草的結束話題，
15:10
for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.
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因為擔心會占用別人太多的時間。
15:14
But when he died at the age of 94,
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當他在94歲那年過世時，
15:17
the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood
364
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交警不得不關閉許多鄰近街道，
15:20
to accommodate the crowd of people
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來容納蜂擁而至
15:22
who came out to mourn him.
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前來哀悼他的群眾。
15:26
And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example
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所以，這些日子我試圖用我的方式
15:29
in my own way.
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來效仿我的祖父。
15:31
So I just published a book about introversion,
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我剛完成了一本關於內向性的書，
15:34
and it took me about seven years to write.
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這本書花了我七年的時間。
15:36
And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,
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這七年，對我而言是極大的恩典，
15:39
because I was reading, I was writing,
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因為我得以閱讀，寫作，
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I was thinking, I was researching.
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思考，研究。
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It was my version
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相較於祖父的閱讀與佈道，
15:46
of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.
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這是我的版本，我的表達方式。
15:49
But now all of a sudden my job is very different,
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但現在我的工作變得非常棘手，
15:52
and my job is to be out here talking about it,
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我必須要在公開場合，在講台上，
15:55
talking about introversion.
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跟你們談論何謂內向。
15:58
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
16:02
And that's a lot harder for me,
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這不是我拿手的事情，
16:04
because as honored as I am
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但能站在這裡向你們說話，
16:06
to be here with all of you right now,
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能對在坐的各為傳達我的想法，
16:08
this is not my natural milieu.
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是何等榮耀的事情，
16:11
So I prepared for moments like these
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所以我盡我所能，
16:13
as best I could.
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為了這一天做好準備。
16:15
I spent the last year practicing public speaking
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我花了一整年的時間，
16:17
every chance I could get.
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積極練習公開演講。
16:19
And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."
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我稱這段時間為 "驚險的演講之年"。
16:22
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
16:24
And that actually helped a lot.
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這其實對我幫助很大。
16:26
But I'll tell you, what helps even more
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但讓我獲益最多的，
16:28
is my sense, my belief, my hope
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是我的意識，我的信念，我的希望。
16:31
that when it comes to our attitudes
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我們對內向、
16:33
to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,
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沉默、與獨立者的態度，
16:35
we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.
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是可以被徹徹底底
16:37
I mean, we are.
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改變的。
16:39
And so I am going to leave you now
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所以，我要呼籲在座各位
16:41
with three calls for action
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如果你跟我有共鳴，
16:43
for those who share this vision.
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請幫我傳達三個宗旨：
16:45
Number one:
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第一點，
16:47
Stop the madness for constant group work.
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不要再瘋狂的過群體生活。
16:49
Just stop it.
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趕緊停止吧。
16:51
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
16:54
Thank you.
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謝謝。
16:56
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
16:58
And I want to be clear about what I'm saying,
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我想要再次重申，
17:00
because I deeply believe our offices
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因為我深深相信，
17:02
should be encouraging
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我們的工作環境應該鼓勵
17:04
casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions --
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輕鬆、休閒的聊天方式--
17:06
you know, the kind where people come together
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像在喝下午茶一樣自在，
17:08
and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.
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然後不經意地交換意見。
17:10
That is great.
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那該有多美好，
17:12
It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.
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無論是對內向或是外向者。
17:14
But we need much more privacy and much more freedom
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而且我們在工作上，需要
17:16
and much more autonomy at work.
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有更多的隱私，自由與自主權。
17:18
School, same thing.
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在學校也是一樣。
17:20
We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,
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我們要教孩子們攜手合作，
17:23
but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.
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但我們也要教他們如何自主作業。
17:25
This is especially important for extroverted children too.
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這對外向的兒童尤其重要。
17:28
They need to work on their own
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他們需要學習自主獨立，
17:30
because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
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因為有深度的見解就是源自於此。
17:32
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.
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好了，第二， 去曠野探索吧。
17:35
Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.
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像佛祖一樣，有自己的啟示。
17:38
I'm not saying
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我不是在說
17:40
that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods
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我們馬上要去蓋個山中小屋隱居起來，
17:43
and never talk to each other again,
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也不是要你們互不往來，
17:46
but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug
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但是呼籲大家可以除去障礙，
17:48
and get inside our own heads
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專心的進入自己的腦海裡，
17:50
a little more often.
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在更深切一點。
17:54
Number three:
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第三點，
17:57
Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase
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好好的檢視一下你的行李箱，
17:59
and why you put it there.
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裡面有什麼，為何你要把它們放進去。
18:01
So extroverts,
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外向的人們，
18:03
maybe your suitcases are also full of books.
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也許你行李箱也裝滿了書。
18:05
Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses
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又或許塞滿了香檳杯
18:07
or skydiving equipment.
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或高空跳傘設備。
18:10
Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get
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不管是什麼，我希望你不時將它拿出來，
18:14
and grace us with your energy and your joy.
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與我們共同分享你的快樂與能量。
18:17
But introverts, you being you,
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而內向的人們，當你自己就好，
18:20
you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully
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你或許會害怕去跟別人分享
18:22
what's inside your own suitcase.
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你行李箱中的東西，
18:24
And that's okay.
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那也沒關係的。
18:26
But occasionally, just occasionally,
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但偶爾，只是偶爾，
18:28
I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,
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我希望你會打開你的行李箱給他人瞧，
18:31
because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
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因為世界需要你，需要你所持有的特質。
18:36
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys
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我祝福你們，能有最精彩的旅程，
18:38
and the courage to speak softly.
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和輕聲細語說話的勇氣。
18:41
Thank you very much.
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謝謝。
18:43
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
18:47
Thank you. Thank you.
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謝謝。謝謝。
18:50
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionaryOur world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.
Why you should listen
Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.
In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.
In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.
At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.
Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com