TEDxMidwest
Jason Fried: Why work doesn't happen at work
Jason Fried: Hvorfor arbejdet ikke bliver gjort på arbejdet
Filmed:
Readability: 2.4
5,877,382 views
Jason Fried har en radikal teori om arbejde: at kontoret ikke er et godt sted at arbejde. På TedxMidwest fremlægger han de væsentligste problemer (kalder dem for M&Ms), og giver tre bud på, hvordan man får arbejde til at fungere.
Jason Fried - Software entrepreneur
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework." Full bio
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So I'm going to talk about work,
0
0
2000
Jeg vil tale om arbejde,
00:17
specifically why people can't seem
1
2000
2000
nærmere bestemt hvorfor folk ikke
00:19
to get work done at work,
2
4000
2000
kan få arbejdet gjort på arbejdet,
00:21
which is a problem we all kind of have.
3
6000
3000
som er et problem vi stort set alle har.
00:24
But let's, sort of, start at the beginning.
4
9000
2000
Men lad os starte ved begyndelsen.
00:26
So we have companies and non-profits and charities
5
11000
3000
Vi har firmaer og non-profitvirksomheder, og velgørenhedsorganisationer,
00:29
and all these groups
6
14000
2000
og alle de her grupper
00:31
that have employees
7
16000
2000
som har medarbejdere
00:33
or volunteers of some sort.
8
18000
2000
eller frivillige af nogen art.
00:35
And they expect these people who work for them
9
20000
3000
Og de forventer at disse folk arbejder for dem
00:38
to do great work --
10
23000
2000
og udfører rigtig godt arbejde --
00:40
I would hope, at least.
11
25000
2000
håber jeg da.
00:42
At least good work, hopefully, at least it's good work --
12
27000
2000
I det mindste udfører godt arbejde --
00:44
hopefully great work.
13
29000
2000
forhåbentligt rigtig godt arbejde.
00:46
And so what they typically do is they decide
14
31000
2000
Og typisk beslutter de
00:48
that all these people need to come together in one place
15
33000
2000
at alle de her folk skal mødes et bestemt sted
00:50
to do that work.
16
35000
2000
for at udføre arbejdet.
00:52
So a company, or a charity, or an organization of any kind,
17
37000
3000
Så en virksomhed, eller en velgørenhedsorganisation, eller hvilken som helst organisation,
00:55
they typically -- unless you're working in Africa,
18
40000
2000
-- medmindre man arbejder i Afrika,
00:57
if you're really lucky to do that --
19
42000
2000
hvis man er så heldig at gøre det --
00:59
most people have to go to an office every day.
20
44000
2000
dens medarbejdere skal tage hen på et kontor hver dag.
01:01
And so these companies,
21
46000
2000
Og disse virksomheder
01:03
they build offices.
22
48000
2000
bygger kontorer.
01:05
They go out and they buy a building, or they rent a building,
23
50000
3000
De går ud og køber en bygning, eller lejer en bygning,
01:08
or they lease some space,
24
53000
2000
eller de lejer noget plads,
01:10
and they fill the space with stuff.
25
55000
3000
og fylder så pladsen ud med ting.
01:13
They fill it with tables, or desks,
26
58000
3000
Ting som borde, eller skriveborde,
01:16
chairs, computer equipment,
27
61000
2000
stole, computerudstyr,
01:18
software,
28
63000
2000
software,
01:20
Internet access,
29
65000
2000
internetforbindelse,
01:22
maybe a fridge, maybe a few other things,
30
67000
3000
måske et køleskab, måske et par andre ting,
01:25
and they expect their employees, or their volunteers,
31
70000
2000
og de forventer at deres medarbejdere eller frivillige
01:27
to come to that location every day to do great work.
32
72000
3000
kommer der hen hver dag for at udføre rigtig godt arbejde.
01:30
It seems like it's perfectly reasonable to ask that.
33
75000
3000
Det lader til at være helt fair at forvente det.
01:33
However, if you actually talk to people
34
78000
2000
Men hvis man faktisk spørger folk,
01:35
and even question yourself,
35
80000
2000
og endda spørger sig selv,
01:37
and you ask yourself,
36
82000
2000
og man spørger sig selv om,
01:39
where do you really want to go when you really need to get something done?
37
84000
3000
hvor har man egentlig lyst til at være, når man virkelig skal have noget gjort?
01:42
You'll find out that people don't say
38
87000
2000
opdager man, at folk ikke svarer det,
01:44
what businesses think they would say.
39
89000
2000
som virksomheder tror, de vil svare.
01:46
If you ask people the question: where do you really need to go
40
91000
2000
Hvis man spørger folk: hvor har du brug for at være,
01:48
when you need to get something done?
41
93000
2000
når du skal have noget udført?
01:50
Typically you get three different kinds of answers.
42
95000
2000
Typisk får man tre forskellige slags svar.
01:52
One is kind of a place or a location or a room.
43
97000
3000
Et slags svar er et sted, et rum.
01:55
Another one is a moving object
44
100000
2000
Et andet svar er et transportmiddel.
01:57
and a third is a time.
45
102000
2000
Og et tredje svar, er tid.
01:59
So here's some examples.
46
104000
2000
Her er nogle eksempler.
02:01
When I ask people -- and I've been asking people this question for about 10 years --
47
106000
3000
Når jeg spørger folk -- og jeg har spurgt folk om det her i cirka 10 år --
02:04
I ask them, "Where do you go when you really need to get something done?"
48
109000
2000
så spørger jeg dem: "Hvor går du hen, når du skal have noget gjort færdigt?"
02:06
I'll hear things like, the porch, the deck,
49
111000
3000
Jeg hører steder som på varandaen, på dækket,
02:09
the kitchen.
50
114000
2000
eller i køkkenet.
02:11
I'll hear things like an extra room in the house,
51
116000
2000
I husets ekstrarum,
02:13
the basement,
52
118000
2000
i kælderen,
02:15
the coffee shop, the library.
53
120000
3000
på caféen, på biblioteket.
02:18
And then you'll hear things like the train,
54
123000
3000
Og så hører man ting såsom toget,
02:21
a plane, a car -- so, the commute.
55
126000
3000
et fly, en bil -- det er pendlerne.
02:24
And then you'll hear people say,
56
129000
2000
Og så hører man folk sige,
02:26
"Well, it doesn't really matter where I am,
57
131000
2000
"Det betyder ikke så meget hvor jeg er,
02:28
as long as it's really early in the morning or really late at night or on the weekends."
58
133000
3000
så længe det er tidligt om morgenen eller sent om aftenen, eller i weekenden."
02:31
You almost never hear someone say the office.
59
136000
3000
Man hører næsten aldrig nogen svare: "på kontoret".
02:34
But businesses are spending all this money on this place called the office,
60
139000
3000
Men virksomheder bruger mange penge på deres kontorer,
02:37
and they're making people go to it all the time,
61
142000
2000
og de får folk til at tage dertil hele tiden,
02:39
yet people don't do work in the office.
62
144000
3000
selvom folk ikke udfører arbejder på kontoret.
02:42
What is that about?
63
147000
2000
Hvad er nu det for noget?
02:44
Why is that?
64
149000
2000
Hvorfor?
02:46
Why is that happening?
65
151000
3000
Hvorfor er det sådan?
02:49
And what you find out is that, if you dig a little bit deeper,
66
154000
2000
Hvis man graver lidt i det,
02:51
you find out that people --
67
156000
2000
finder man ud af at folk --
02:53
this is what happens --
68
158000
2000
det her er, hvad der sker --
02:55
people go to work,
69
160000
2000
folk går på arbejde,
02:57
and they're basically trading in their workday
70
162000
2000
og de bytter deres arbejdsdag
02:59
for a series of "work moments."
71
164000
2000
til en række af arbejds-øjeblikke.
03:01
That's what happens at the office.
72
166000
2000
Det er, hvad der sker på kontoret.
03:03
You don't have a workday anymore. You have work moments.
73
168000
2000
Man har ikke en arbejdsdag mere; man har arbejds-øjeblikke.
03:05
It's like the front door of the office is like a Cuisinart,
74
170000
3000
Det er som om, at kontorets hovedindgang er som en stor blender,
03:08
and you walk in and your day is shredded to bits,
75
173000
2000
og man går ind og ens dag bliver hakket i stykker,
03:10
because you have 15 minutes here and 30 minutes there,
76
175000
3000
fordi man har et kvarter her, og en halv time der,
03:13
and then something else happens and you're pulled off your work,
77
178000
2000
og så sker der noget andet, og man bliver afbrudt i sit arbejde,
03:15
and you've got to do something else, then you have 20 minutes, then it's lunch.
78
180000
3000
og man skal nå noget andet, og så er der 20 minutter tilbage før frokost.
03:18
Then you have something else to do.
79
183000
2000
Så har man noget andet at lave,
03:20
Then you've got 15 minutes, and someone pulls you aside and asks you this question,
80
185000
3000
så har man et kvarter, og nogen trækker en til side og stiller spørgsmål.
03:23
and before you know it, it's 5 p.m.,
81
188000
3000
Og før man ved af det, er klokken 17,
03:26
and you look back on the day,
82
191000
2000
og man ser tilbage på sin dag,
03:28
and you realize that you didn't get anything done.
83
193000
2000
og indser at man ikke fik noget gjort.
03:30
I mean, we've all been through this.
84
195000
2000
Vi har alle oplevet det.
03:32
We probably went through it yesterday,
85
197000
2000
Vi oplevede det sikkert i går,
03:34
or the day before, or the day before that.
86
199000
2000
eller i forgårs, eller for tre dage siden.
03:36
You look back on your day, and you're like, I got nothing done today.
87
201000
3000
Man ser tilbage på sin dag, og tænker "jeg blev ikke færdig med noget i dag".
03:39
I was at work.
88
204000
2000
Jeg var på arbejde.
03:41
I sat at my desk. I used my expensive computer.
89
206000
3000
Jeg sad ved mit skrivebord. Jeg brugte min dyre computer.
03:44
I used the software they told me to use.
90
209000
2000
Jeg brugte den software, de har givet mig.
03:46
I went to these meetings I was asked to go to.
91
211000
3000
Jeg sad til de møder, jeg blev bedt om at være til.
03:49
I did these conference calls. I did all this stuff.
92
214000
2000
Jeg lavede konferenceopkald. Jeg gjorde alle de her ting.
03:51
But I didn't actually do anything.
93
216000
3000
Men jeg gjorde ikke rigtig noget.
03:54
I just did tasks.
94
219000
2000
Jeg udførte bare opgaver.
03:56
I didn't actually get meaningful work done.
95
221000
2000
Jeg fik ikke lavet noget meningsfuldt arbejde.
03:58
And what you find is that, especially with creative people --
96
223000
3000
Og især kreative folk --
04:01
designers, programmers,
97
226000
2000
designere, programmører,
04:03
writers, engineers,
98
228000
2000
forfattere, ingeniører,
04:05
thinkers --
99
230000
2000
tænkere --
04:07
that people really need
100
232000
2000
har virkelig brug for
04:09
long stretches of uninterrupted time to get something done.
101
234000
3000
lange serier af uforstyrret tid, for at få noget gjort færdigt.
04:12
You cannot ask somebody to be creative in 15 minutes
102
237000
3000
Man kan ikke bede nogen om at være kreativ på 15 minutter,
04:15
and really think about a problem.
103
240000
2000
og komme med en løsning på et problem.
04:17
You might have a quick idea,
104
242000
2000
Man får måske en hurtig idé,
04:19
but to be in deep thought about a problem and really consider a problem carefully,
105
244000
3000
men for at gå i dybden med et problem og virkelig tænke over det,
04:22
you need long stretches of uninterrupted time.
106
247000
3000
har man brug for lange serier af uforstyrret tid.
04:25
And even though the workday is typically eight hours,
107
250000
3000
Og selvom arbejdsdagen typisk er 8 timer lang,
04:28
how many people here have ever had eight hours to themselves at the office?
108
253000
3000
hvor mange mennesker her har så nogensinde haft 8 timer for sig selv på kontoret?
04:31
How about seven hours?
109
256000
2000
Hvad med 7 timer?
04:33
Six? Five? Four?
110
258000
3000
6? 5? 4?
04:36
When's the last time you had three hours to yourself at the office?
111
261000
3000
Hvornår har I sidst haft 3 timer for jer selv på kontoret?
04:39
Two hours? One, maybe?
112
264000
2000
To timer? En time, måske.
04:41
Very, very few people actually have
113
266000
2000
Meget, meget få mennesker har
04:43
long stretches of uninterrupted time at an office.
114
268000
3000
lange perioder af uforstyrret tid på kontoret.
04:46
And this is why people choose to do work at home,
115
271000
3000
Og det er derfor, at folk vælger at arbejde hjemme,
04:49
or they might go to the office,
116
274000
2000
eller de tager måske hen på kontoret,
04:51
but they might go to the office really early in the day,
117
276000
2000
men måske rigtig tidligt om morgenen,
04:53
or late at night when no one's around,
118
278000
2000
eller sent om aftenen når der ikke er nogen,
04:55
or they stick around after everyone's left, or they go in on the weekends,
119
280000
3000
eller de bliver hængende efter alle er gået hjem, eller de tager der hen i weekenden,
04:58
or they get work done on the plane,
120
283000
2000
eller de gør arbejdet færdigt på flyet,
05:00
or they get work done in the car or in the train
121
285000
2000
eller i bilen eller i toget,
05:02
because there are no distractions.
122
287000
2000
fordi der er ikke er nogen forstyrrelser.
05:04
Now, there are different kinds of distractions,
123
289000
2000
Der findes forskellige slags forstyrrelser,
05:06
but there aren't the really bad kinds of distractions
124
291000
2000
men ikke af den dårlige slags,
05:08
that I'll talk about in just a minute.
125
293000
2000
som jeg vil tale om lige om lidt.
05:10
And this sort of whole phenomenon
126
295000
2000
Hele det her fænomen
05:12
of having short bursts of time to get things done
127
297000
2000
med at have korte tidsintervaller til at få ting gjort i,
05:14
reminds me of another thing
128
299000
2000
minder mig om en anden ting
05:16
that doesn't work when you're interrupted,
129
301000
2000
som ikke fungerer når man bliver afbrudt,
05:18
and that is sleep.
130
303000
2000
og det er søvn.
05:20
I think that sleep and work are very closely related,
131
305000
2000
Jeg tror at søvn og arbejde er meget tæt forbundet.
05:22
and it's not just that you can work while you're sleeping
132
307000
2000
Og det er ikke kun, at man kan arbejde mens man sover,
05:24
and you can sleep while you're working.
133
309000
2000
og sove mens man arbejder.
05:26
That's not really what I mean.
134
311000
2000
Det er ikke dét, jeg mener.
05:28
I'm talking specifically about the fact
135
313000
2000
Jeg taler specifikt om det faktum,
05:30
that sleep and work
136
315000
2000
at søvn og arbejde
05:32
are phased-based,
137
317000
2000
er baseret på faser,
05:34
or stage-based, events.
138
319000
2000
eller trin.
05:37
So sleep is about sleep phases, or stages --
139
322000
3000
Så søvn handler om søvnfaser, eller -trin --
05:40
some people call them different things.
140
325000
2000
folk kalder dem forskellige ting.
05:42
There's five of them,
141
327000
2000
Der er fem faser,
05:44
and in order to get to the really deep ones, the really meaningful ones,
142
329000
3000
og for at komme i de rigtig dybe faser, de vigtige faser,
05:47
you have to go through the early ones.
143
332000
2000
skal man gå gennem de tidlige faser.
05:49
And if you're interrupted while you're going through the early ones --
144
334000
2000
Og hvis man forstyrres, mens man går gennem de tidlige faser --
05:51
if someone bumps you in bed,
145
336000
2000
hvis nogen skubber til dig i sengen,
05:53
or if there's a sound, or whatever happens --
146
338000
3000
eller hvis der er en lyd, eller noget andet --
05:56
you don't just pick up where you left off.
147
341000
2000
så kan man ikke bare fortsætte, hvor man slap.
05:58
If you're interrupted and woken up,
148
343000
2000
Hvis man bliver forstyrret og vågner,
06:00
you have to start again.
149
345000
2000
er man nødt til at starte igen.
06:02
So you have to go back a few phases and start again.
150
347000
3000
Så skal man gå et par faser tilbage, og starte igen.
06:05
And what ends up happening -- sometimes you might have days like this
151
350000
2000
Og det ender med -- nogen gange har man måske dage som dem her,
06:07
where you wake up at eight in the morning, or seven in the morning,
152
352000
2000
hvor man vågner op klokken 8 eller klokken 7 om morgenen,
06:09
or whenever you get up,
153
354000
2000
eller hvornår man nu står op,
06:11
and you're like, man, I didn't really sleep very well.
154
356000
2000
og man kan mærke, at man ikke har sovet særlig godt.
06:13
I did the sleep thing -- I went to bed, I laid down --
155
358000
3000
Jeg lagde mig til at sove; jeg gik i seng, jeg lå ned,
06:16
but I didn't really sleep.
156
361000
2000
men jeg fik ikke rigtig noget søvn.
06:18
People say you go to sleep,
157
363000
3000
Folk siger, at man sover,
06:21
but you really don't go to sleep, you go towards sleep.
158
366000
2000
men man sover ikke rigtig - man gør sig klar til at sove.
06:23
It just takes a while. You've got to go through these phases and stuff,
159
368000
3000
Det tager et stykke tid; man skal igennem de der faser.
06:26
and if you're interrupted, you don't sleep well.
160
371000
2000
Og bliver man afbrudt, så sover man ikke godt.
06:28
So how do we expect -- does anyone here expect someone to sleep well
161
373000
2000
Så hvordan forventer vi -- forventer nogen her, at man kan sove godt
06:30
if they're interrupted all night?
162
375000
2000
hvis man bliver afbrudt hele natten?
06:32
I don't think anyone would say yes.
163
377000
2000
Jeg tror ikke nogen ville svare ja.
06:34
Why do we expect people to work well
164
379000
2000
Hvorfor forventer vi så at folk arbejder godt,
06:36
if they're being interrupted all day at the office?
165
381000
2000
hvis de hele dagen bliver forstyrret på kontoret?
06:38
How can we possibly expect people to do their job
166
383000
3000
Hvordan kan vi overhovedet forvente at folk gør deres arbejde,
06:41
if they're going to the office to be interrupted?
167
386000
2000
hvis de bliver afbrudt på kontoret?
06:43
That doesn't really seem like it makes a lot of sense to me.
168
388000
3000
Det giver ikke særligt meget mening for mig.
06:46
So what are these interruptions that happen at the office
169
391000
2000
Så hvad er det for nogen forstyrrelser der sker på kontoret,
06:48
that don't happen at other places?
170
393000
2000
men som ikke sker andre steder?
06:50
Because in other places, you can have interruptions,
171
395000
2000
Fordi andre steder er der jo også forstyrrelser,
06:52
like, you can have the TV,
172
397000
2000
såsom fjernsynet
06:54
or you could go for a walk,
173
399000
2000
eller man får lyst til at gå en tur,
06:56
or there's a fridge downstairs,
174
401000
2000
eller der står et køleskab nedenunder,
06:58
or you've got your own couch, or whatever you want to do.
175
403000
3000
eller man kan ligge på sofaen, eller hvad man nu har lyst til.
07:01
And if you talk to certain managers,
176
406000
2000
Og hvis man taler med bestemte ledere,
07:03
they'll tell you that they don't want their employees to work at home
177
408000
3000
siger de, at de ikke ønsker, at deres medarbejdere arbejder hjemmefra
07:06
because of these distractions.
178
411000
2000
pga. de forstyrrelser, jeg har nævnt.
07:08
They'll also say --
179
413000
2000
De siger også --
07:10
sometimes they'll also say,
180
415000
2000
nogen gange siger de også,
07:12
"Well, if I can't see the person, how do I know they're working?"
181
417000
2000
"Jamen, hvis jeg ikke kan se personen, hvordan ved jeg så om han/hun arbejder?"
07:14
which is ridiculous, of course, but that's one of the excuses that managers give.
182
419000
3000
som selvfølgelig er latterligt, men det er bare én af undskyldningerne, lederne kommer med.
07:17
And I'm one of these managers.
183
422000
2000
Og jeg er selv en af dem.
07:19
I understand. I know how this goes.
184
424000
2000
Jeg forstår det; jeg ved godt hvad der foregår.
07:21
We all have to improve on this sort of thing.
185
426000
2000
Vi er alle nødt til at blive bedre til det her.
07:23
But oftentimes they'll cite distractions.
186
428000
2000
Men ofte giver de eksempler på forstyrrelser.
07:25
"I can't let someone work at home.
187
430000
2000
"Jeg kan ikke lade mine folk arbejdehjemmefra.
07:27
They'll watch TV. They'll do this other thing."
188
432000
2000
De ser bare fjernsyn, eller laver noget andet."
07:29
It turns out that those aren't the things that are really distracting.
189
434000
3000
Det viser sig, at disse ting ikke rigtigt er forstyrrende.
07:32
Because those are voluntary distractions.
190
437000
2000
For det er frivillige forstyrrelser.
07:34
You decide when you want to be distracted by the TV.
191
439000
2000
Man har selv besluttet, at man vil forstyrres af fjernsynet.
07:36
You decide when you want to turn something on.
192
441000
2000
Man beslutter selv, hvornår noget skal tændes for.
07:38
You decide when you want to go downstairs or go for a walk.
193
443000
3000
Man beslutter selv, at man går nedenunder, eller går en tur.
07:41
At the office, most of the interruptions and distractions
194
446000
2000
På kontoret er de fleste afbrydelser og forstyrrelser,
07:43
that really cause people not to get work done
195
448000
2000
som virkelig gør, at folk ikke får arbejdet gjort,
07:45
are involuntary.
196
450000
2000
ikke frivillige.
07:47
So let's go through a couple of those.
197
452000
3000
Så lad os gennemgå et par af disse.
07:50
Now, managers and bosses
198
455000
2000
Ledere og chefer
07:52
will often have you think that the real distractions at work
199
457000
3000
vil ofte overbevise én om, at de faktiske forstyrrelser på arbejdet
07:55
are things like Facebook and Twitter
200
460000
3000
er ting som Facebook og Twitter
07:58
and YouTube and other websites,
201
463000
3000
og Youtube og andre hjemmesider.
08:01
and in fact, they'll go so far
202
466000
2000
Faktisk vil de gå så langt,
08:03
as to actually ban these sites at work.
203
468000
2000
som til endda at fjerne adgangen til disse sider.
08:05
Some of you may work at places where you can't get to these certain sites.
204
470000
3000
Nogen af jer arbejder muligvis steder, hvor adgangen er fjernet.
08:08
I mean, is this China? What the hell is going on here?
205
473000
3000
Jamen, er det her Kina? Hvad helvede er det, der sker her?
08:11
You can't go to a website at work,
206
476000
2000
Man nægtes adgang til en hjemmeside på arbejdet,
08:13
and that's the problem, that's why people aren't getting work done,
207
478000
2000
og dét er problemet, det er dérfor folk ikke bliver færdige,
08:15
because they're going to Facebook and they're going to Twitter?
208
480000
2000
det er fordi, de går på Facebook og Twitter?
08:17
That's kind of ridiculous. It's a total decoy.
209
482000
3000
Det er latterligt. Det er en dårlig undskyldning.
08:22
And today's Facebook and Twitter and YouTube,
210
487000
2000
Og Facebook, Twitter og Youtube
08:24
these things are just modern-day smoke breaks.
211
489000
3000
er bare nutidens form for rygepauser.
08:27
No one cared about letting people take a smoke break for 15 minutes
212
492000
2000
Man kunne sagtens tage en rygepause på 15 minutter
08:29
10 years ago,
213
494000
2000
for 10 år siden
08:31
so why does everyone care about someone going to Facebook here and there,
214
496000
2000
så hvorfor bekymre sig om, om folk bruger Facebook her og der,
08:33
or Twitter here and there, or YouTube here and there?
215
498000
2000
eller Twitter eller Youtube her og der?
08:35
Those aren't the real problems in the office.
216
500000
3000
De udgør ikke de egentlige problemer på kontoret.
08:38
The real problems are what I like to call
217
503000
2000
De reelle problemer er hvad jeg vil kalde for
08:40
the M&Ms,
218
505000
2000
M&M's,
08:42
the Managers and the Meetings.
219
507000
2000
Managerne (lederne) og Møderne.
08:44
Those are the real problems in the modern office today.
220
509000
3000
Det er de reelle problemer på vore dages kontorer.
08:47
And this is why things don't get done at work --
221
512000
3000
Og når tingene ikke bliver gjort på arbejdet,
08:50
it's because of the M&Ms.
222
515000
2000
så skyldes det M&M's.
08:52
Now what's interesting is,
223
517000
2000
Det interessante er,
08:54
if you listen to all the places that people talk about doing work --
224
519000
3000
at når folk fortæller om, hvor de får arbejdet gjort --
08:57
like at home, or in a car, or on a plane,
225
522000
2000
derhjemme, i bilen, eller i flyet,
08:59
or late at night, or early in the morning --
226
524000
2000
eller sent om aftenen, eller tidligt om morgennen --
09:01
you don't find managers and meetings.
227
526000
2000
så er det ikke steder, hvor managere og møder eksisterer;
09:03
You find a lot of other distractions, but you don't find managers and meetings.
228
528000
3000
der er mange andre forstyrrelser, men ingen ledere eller møder.
09:06
So these are the things that you don't find elsewhere,
229
531000
3000
Så de to ting findes ikke andre steder,
09:09
but you do find at the office.
230
534000
3000
end på kontoret.
09:12
And managers are basically people
231
537000
2000
Og ledere er sådan set mennesker,
09:14
whose job it is to interrupt people.
232
539000
2000
hvis job er at afbryde folk.
09:16
That's pretty much what managers are for. They're for interrupting people.
233
541000
3000
Det er egentlig hvad ledere er til for, nemlig at forstyrre folk.
09:19
They don't really do the work,
234
544000
2000
De laver ikke rigtig noget arbejde,
09:21
so they have to make sure everyone else is doing the work, which is an interruption.
235
546000
3000
så de skal sikre sig at alle andre gør arbejdet, hvilket er en forstyrrelse.
09:24
And we have a lot of managers in the world now,
236
549000
2000
Og vi har mange ledere i verden nu.
09:26
and there's a lot of people in the world now,
237
551000
2000
Og der er mange mennesker i verden nu.
09:28
and there's a lot of interruptions in the world now because of these managers.
238
553000
2000
Og der er mange forstyrrelser i verden nu, pga. disse ledere.
09:30
They have to check in: "Hey, how's it going?
239
555000
2000
De tjekker lige: "Hej, hvordan går det?
09:32
Show me what's up," and this sort of thing
240
557000
2000
Må jeg se hvad du har gang i" og alt det der.
09:34
and they keep interrupting you at the wrong time,
241
559000
2000
Og de forstyrrer hele tiden på de forkerte tidspunkter,
09:36
while you're actually trying to do something they're paying you to do,
242
561000
3000
hvor man faktisk forsøger at gøre det, de betaler en for,
09:39
they tend to interrupt you.
243
564000
2000
men de synes at forstyrre en hele tiden.
09:41
That's kind of bad.
244
566000
2000
Det er ret skidt.
09:43
But what's even worse is the thing that managers do most of all,
245
568000
3000
Men hvad værre er, er det som ledere gør sig mest udi,
09:46
which is call meetings.
246
571000
2000
nemlig at indkalde til møder.
09:48
And meetings are just toxic,
247
573000
2000
Og møder er ren gift,
09:50
terrible, poisonous things
248
575000
3000
forfærdelige, giftige ting
09:53
during the day at work.
249
578000
2000
som dukker op på en arbejdsdag.
09:55
We all know this to be true,
250
580000
3000
Vi ved det alle sammen.
09:58
and you would never see a spontaneous meeting called by employees.
251
583000
2000
Og man ser aldrig et spontant møde arrangeret af medarbejderne;
10:00
It doesn't work that way.
252
585000
2000
sådan hænger det ikke sammen.
10:02
The manager calls the meeting
253
587000
2000
Lederen indkalder til mødet,
10:04
so the employees can all come together,
254
589000
2000
så medarbejderne kan mødes,
10:06
and it's an incredibly disruptive thing to do to people --
255
591000
2000
og det er en utrolig forstyrrende ting at gøre mod folk --
10:08
is to say, "Hey look,
256
593000
2000
at sige "Hej, hør her,
10:10
we're going to bring 10 people together right now and have a meeting.
257
595000
3000
vi skal lige have samlet 10 mennesker sammen, og så holder vi møde.
10:13
I don't care what you're doing.
258
598000
2000
Lige meget, hvad I er i gang med.
10:15
Just, you've got to stop doing what you're doing, so you can have this meeting."
259
600000
3000
Bare stop hvad end I er i gang med, så vi kan holde det her møde."
10:18
I mean, what are the chances that all 10 people are ready to stop?
260
603000
3000
Jeg mener, hvad er sandsynligheden for at alle 10 mennesker er klar til at stoppe?
10:21
What if they're thinking about something important?
261
606000
2000
Hvad hvis de er ved noget vigtigt?
10:23
What if they're doing important work?
262
608000
2000
Hvad hvis de har gang i noget vigtigt arbejde?
10:25
All of a sudden you're telling them that they have to stop doing that
263
610000
2000
Pludselig siger man til dem, at de skal stoppe dét
10:27
to do something else.
264
612000
2000
til fordel for noget andet.
10:29
So they go into a meeting room, they get together,
265
614000
3000
Så de går ind i mødelokalet, og sætter sig sammen,
10:32
and they talk about stuff that doesn't really matter usually.
266
617000
3000
og taler om ting, som normalt er ret ligegyldige.
10:35
Because meetings aren't work.
267
620000
2000
Fordi møder er ikke arbejde.
10:37
Meetings are places to go to talk about things you're supposed to be doing later.
268
622000
3000
Møder er der, hvor man taler om ting, der skal ske senere hen.
10:40
But meetings also procreate.
269
625000
2000
Men møder avler møder.
10:42
So one meeting tends to lead to another meeting
270
627000
2000
Så ét møde leder til det næste møde,
10:44
and tends to lead to another meeting.
271
629000
2000
som igen leder til det næste møde.
10:46
There's often too many people in the meetings,
272
631000
2000
Ofte er der for mange folk med til møder,
10:48
and they're very, very expensive to the organization.
273
633000
3000
og det koster virksomheden dyrt.
10:51
Companies often think of a one-hour meeting as a one-hour meeting,
274
636000
3000
Virksomheder ser ofte et møde på en time, som et møde på en time,
10:54
but that's not true, unless there's only one person in that meeting.
275
639000
3000
men der er forkert, medmindre der kun er én person til stede ved det møde.
10:57
If there are 10 people in the meeting, it's a 10-hour meeting; it's not a one-hour meeting.
276
642000
3000
Hvis der er 10 personer til stede, så er det et 10-timers møde, ikke et møde på en time.
11:00
It's 10 hours of productivity taken from the rest of the organization
277
645000
3000
Det er 10 timers produktivitet, man fjerner fra virksomheden,
11:03
to have this one one-hour meeting,
278
648000
2000
for at holde det her møde på en time,
11:05
which probably should have been handled by two or three people
279
650000
3000
som nok skulle have været klaret mellem to eller tre personer,
11:08
talking for a few minutes.
280
653000
2000
som kunne snakke sammen i nogle få minutter.
11:10
But instead, there's a long scheduled meeting,
281
655000
2000
Men i stedet for er der et langt, skemalagt møde,
11:12
because meetings are scheduled the way software works,
282
657000
3000
fordi møder skemalægges efter, hvordan software fungerer,
11:15
which is in increments of 15 minutes, or 30 minutes, or an hour.
283
660000
3000
nemlig med intervaller på 15 minutter, 30 minutter eller en time.
11:18
You don't schedule an eight-hour meeting with Outlook.
284
663000
2000
Man planlægger ikke et 8-timers møde i Outlook.
11:20
You can't. I don't even know if you can.
285
665000
2000
Man kan ikke. Jeg ved ikke engang, om man kan.
11:22
You can go 15 minutes or 30 minutes or 45 minutes or an hour.
286
667000
3000
Man kan vælge 15 min, 30 min., 45 min. eller en time.
11:25
And so we tend to fill these times up
287
670000
2000
Og så fylder vi som regel tiden ud
11:27
when things should really go really quickly.
288
672000
2000
når tingene burde gå rigtig stærkt.
11:29
So meetings and managers are two major problems in businesses today,
289
674000
3000
Så møder og managere er to store problemer i virksomheder i dag,
11:32
especially to offices.
290
677000
2000
især på kontorerne.
11:34
These things don't exist outside of the office.
291
679000
3000
De her ting findes ikke uden for kontorerne.
11:37
So I have some suggestions
292
682000
2000
Så jeg har nogle forslag
11:39
to remedy the situation.
293
684000
3000
til at løse problemet.
11:42
What can managers do --
294
687000
2000
Hvad kan ledere gøre --
11:44
enlightened managers, hopefully --
295
689000
2000
oplyste ledere, forhåbentligt --
11:46
what can they do to make the office a better place for people to work,
296
691000
3000
hvordan kan de gøre kontoret til et bedre sted for folk at arbejde,
11:49
so it's not the last resort, but it's the first resort?
297
694000
3000
så det ikke er det sidste valg, men det første valg?
11:52
It's that people start to say,
298
697000
2000
Sådan så folk begynder at sige,
11:54
"When I really want to get stuff done, I go to the office."
299
699000
2000
"Når jeg skal have noget gjort færdigt, tager jeg hen på kontoret."
11:56
Because the offices are well equipped,
300
701000
2000
Fordi kontorerne er veludstyrede,
11:58
everything should be there for them to do their work,
301
703000
2000
så burde de være lige til at arbejde i,
12:00
but they don't want to go there right now, so how do we change that?
302
705000
3000
men det har folk ikke lyst til, så hvordan ændrer vi det?
12:03
I have three suggestions I'll share with you guys.
303
708000
2000
Jeg har tre forslag, som jeg vil dele med jer.
12:05
I have about three minutes, so that'll fit perfectly.
304
710000
3000
Jeg har ca. 3 minutter tilbage, så det passer perfekt.
12:08
We've all heard of the casual Friday thing.
305
713000
3000
Vi ved alle, hvordan fredagene ofte er mere afslappede ("casual Friday")
12:11
I don't know if people still do that.
306
716000
2000
Jeg ved ikke om det stadig er sådan.
12:13
But how about "no-talk Thursdays?"
307
718000
3000
Men hvad med mødefri torsdage?
12:16
How about --
308
721000
2000
Hvad med --
12:18
pick one Thursday once a month
309
723000
2000
vælg en torsdag om måneden,
12:20
and cut that day in half and just say the afternoon -- I'll make it really easy for you.
310
725000
3000
og del dagen i to, og så om eftermiddagen -- Jeg skærer det lige ud i pap.
12:23
So just the afternoon, one Thursday.
311
728000
2000
Så kun om eftermiddagen, en torsdag.
12:25
The first Thursday of the month -- just the afternoon --
312
730000
2000
Den første torsdag i måneden -- kun om eftermiddagen --
12:27
nobody in the office can talk to each other.
313
732000
2000
må ingen på kontoret tale til hinanden.
12:29
Just silence, that's it.
314
734000
2000
Der må kun være fuldstændig stilhed.
12:31
And what you'll find
315
736000
2000
Og så vil man se
12:33
is that a tremendous amount of work actually gets done
316
738000
2000
en hel masse arbejde blive gjort færdigt,
12:35
when no one talks to each other.
317
740000
2000
når ingen snakker med hinanden.
12:37
This is when people actually get stuff done,
318
742000
2000
Når folk faktisk bliver færdige med arbejdet,
12:39
is when no one's bothering them, when no one's interrupting them.
319
744000
2000
så skyldes det, at ingen generer eller forstyrrer dem.
12:41
And you can give someone -- giving someone four hours of uninterrupted time
320
746000
3000
Og det at give nogen 4 timers uforstyrret tid
12:44
is the best gift you can give anybody at work.
321
749000
2000
er den bedste gave, man overhovedet kan give på arbejdet.
12:46
It's better than a computer.
322
751000
2000
Det er bedre end en computer.
12:48
It's better than a new monitor. It's better than new software,
323
753000
3000
Bedre end en ny skærm. Bedre end ny software,
12:51
or whatever people typically use.
324
756000
2000
eller hvad folk som regel har brug for.
12:53
Giving them four hours of quiet time at the office
325
758000
2000
4 timers stille tid på kontoret
12:55
is going to be incredibly valuable.
326
760000
2000
er enormt værdifuldt.
12:57
And if you try that, I think you'll find that you agree.
327
762000
2000
Og hvis I prøver det, tror jeg I vil være enige med mig.
12:59
And maybe, hopefully you can do it more often.
328
764000
2000
Og forhåbentligt kan I gøre det oftere og oftere.
13:01
So maybe it's every other week,
329
766000
2000
Så måske det bliver hveranden uge,
13:03
or every week, once a week,
330
768000
2000
eller hver uge, en gang om ugen,
13:05
afternoons no one can talk to each other.
331
770000
2000
eftermiddage hvor ingen må tale med hinanden.
13:07
That's something that you'll find will really, really work.
332
772000
3000
Det kommer virkelig til at fungere godt.
13:10
Another thing you can try
333
775000
2000
En anden ting I kan prøve,
13:12
is switching from active
334
777000
2000
er at skifte fra aktiv
13:14
communication and collaboration,
335
779000
2000
kommunikation og samarbejde,
13:16
which is like face-to-face stuff,
336
781000
2000
altså personlig interaktion,
13:18
tapping people on the shoulder, saying hi to them, having meetings,
337
783000
3000
hvor man prikker folk på skulderen, siger hej til dem, holder møder
13:21
and replace that with more passive models of communication,
338
786000
2000
og så erstatte det med mere passive former for kommunikation,
13:23
using things like email and instant messaging,
339
788000
3000
som f.eks. email og chat
13:26
or collaboration products -- things like that.
340
791000
3000
eller andre former for samarbejde.
13:29
Now some people might say email is really distracting
341
794000
3000
Nu vil nogen hævde, at email er meget forstyrrende,
13:32
and I.M. is really distracting,
342
797000
2000
at chat er meget forstyrrende,
13:34
and these other things are really distracting,
343
799000
2000
og alle de andre ting der også er virkelig forstyrrende,
13:36
but they're distracting at a time of your own choice and your own choosing.
344
801000
3000
men de er forstyrrende på et tidspunkt man selv vælger.
13:39
You can quit the email app; you can't quit your boss.
345
804000
3000
Man kan lukke mailen ned - men man kan ikke lukke sin chef ned.
13:42
You can quit I.M.;
346
807000
2000
Man kan lukke for chatten,
13:44
you can't hide your manager.
347
809000
2000
men man kan ikke lukke for sin leder.
13:46
You can put these things away,
348
811000
2000
Man kan gemme de her ting væk,
13:48
and then you can be interrupted on your own schedule, at your own time,
349
813000
3000
og så kan man blive afbrudt efter sit eget skema, sin egen tid,
13:51
when you're available, when you're ready to go again.
350
816000
2000
når man er tilgængelig, når man er klar til at blive afbrudt.
13:53
Because work, like sleep, happens in phases.
351
818000
3000
Fordi arbejde, ligesom søvn, sker i faser.
13:56
So you're going to be kind of going up and doing some work,
352
821000
2000
Så man udfører noget arbejde,
13:58
and then you're going to come down from that work,
353
823000
2000
og stopper så med det igen,
14:00
and then maybe it's time to check that email, or check that I.M.
354
825000
2000
og så er det måske tid til at checke email eller chat.
14:02
And there are very, very few things that are that urgent
355
827000
3000
Og det er meget få ting, som er så vigtige,
14:05
that need to happen, that need to be answered right this second.
356
830000
3000
at de absolut skal svares på med det samme.
14:08
So if you're a manager,
357
833000
2000
Så ens leder
14:10
start encouraging people to use more things like I.M. and email
358
835000
2000
skal opmuntre folk til oftere at bruge ting som chat og email
14:12
and other things that someone else can put away
359
837000
2000
og andre ting, som man kan gemme væk,
14:14
and then get back to you on their own schedule.
360
839000
2000
så man kan finde dem frem, når det passer ind i ens eget skema.
14:16
And the last suggestion I have
361
841000
3000
Det sidste forslag
14:19
is that, if you do have a meeting coming up,
362
844000
3000
er, at hvis I har et kommende møde,
14:22
if you have the power,
363
847000
2000
og hvis I har magten,
14:24
just cancel. Just cancel that next meeting.
364
849000
3000
så bare aflys det møde.
14:28
Today's Friday -- so Monday, usually people have meetings on Monday.
365
853000
2000
I dag er det fredag -- så mandag, for folk holder som regel møder om mandagen.
14:30
Just don't have it.
366
855000
2000
Så lad være at holde det.
14:32
I don't mean move it;
367
857000
2000
Ikke flyt det,
14:34
I mean just erase it from memory, it's gone.
368
859000
2000
men slet det fra hukommelsen, fjern det.
14:36
And you'll find out that everything will be just fine.
369
861000
3000
Og I vil opdage, at alt kører videre.
14:39
All these discussions and decisions you thought you had to make
370
864000
2000
Alle de diskussioner og beslutninger du troede, du skulle tage
14:41
at this one time at 9 a.m. on Monday,
371
866000
2000
klokken 9 på mandag,
14:43
just forget about them, and things will be just fine.
372
868000
2000
bare glem dem, og alting vil være helt okay.
14:45
People have a more open morning, they can actually think,
373
870000
3000
Folk får en friere morgen, de kan rent faktisk koncentrere sig,
14:48
and you'll find out that maybe all these things you thought you had to do,
374
873000
2000
og alle de ting, som I troede, I skulle
14:50
you don't actually have to do.
375
875000
2000
vil måske ikke være så vigtige.
14:52
So those are just three quick suggestions I wanted to give you guys
376
877000
2000
Så det var tre hurtige forslag,
14:54
to think about this.
377
879000
2000
som I så kan tænke over.
14:56
And I hope that some of these ideas
378
881000
2000
Og jeg håber at nogle af mine idéer,
14:58
were at least provocative enough
379
883000
2000
i det mindste var provokerende nok
15:00
for managers and bosses and business owners
380
885000
2000
til at ledere og chefer og virksomhedsejere
15:02
and organizers and people who are in charge of other people
381
887000
3000
og koordinatorer og folk som har ansvar for andre folk,
15:05
to think about laying off a little bit
382
890000
2000
vil tænke på at slappe lidt af
15:07
and giving people some more time to get some work done.
383
892000
2000
og give folk mere tid til at få arbejdet gjort færdigt.
15:09
And I think it'll all pay off in the end.
384
894000
2000
Jeg tror det vil give pote i sidste ende.
15:11
So thanks for listening.
385
896000
2000
Tak fordi I lyttede.
15:13
(Applause)
386
898000
2000
(Klapsalve)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jason Fried - Software entrepreneurJason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework."
Why you should listen
Jason Fried is the co-founder and president of 37signals , a Chicago-based company that builds web-based productivity tools that, in their words, "do less than the competition -- intentionally." 37signals' simple but powerful collaboration tools include Basecamp, Highrise, Backpack, Campfire, Ta-da List, and Writeboard. 37signals also developed and open-sourced the Ruby on Rails programming framework.
Fried is the co-author, with David Heinemeier Hansson, of the book Rework, about new ways to conceptualize working and creating. Salon's Scott Rosenberg called it "a minimalist manifesto that's profoundly practical. In a world where we all keep getting asked to do more with less, the authors show us how to do less and create more."
Jason Fried | Speaker | TED.com