ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jason Fried - Software entrepreneur
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework."

Why you should listen

Jason Fried is the co-founder and president of 37signals , a Chicago-based company that builds web-based productivity tools that, in their words, "do less than the competition -- intentionally." 37signals' simple but powerful collaboration tools include Basecamp, Highrise, Backpack, Campfire, Ta-da List, and Writeboard. 37signals also developed and open-sourced the Ruby on Rails programming framework.

Fried is the co-author, with David Heinemeier Hansson, of the book Rework, about new ways to conceptualize working and creating. Salon's Scott Rosenberg called it "a minimalist manifesto that's profoundly practical. In a world where we all keep getting asked to do more with less, the authors show us how to do less and create more."

More profile about the speaker
Jason Fried | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxMidwest

Jason Fried: Why work doesn't happen at work

杰森·弗瑞德Jason Fried:为什么不在工作办公时工作?

Filmed:
5,877,382 views

杰森·弗瑞德所著的关于工作的理性理论指出:办公室不是一个办公的好地方。在TEDxMidwest的讲坛上,他指出了问题的关键之处(他把之称作为M&Ms经理和会议的问题)并提出了解决此问题的三条建议。
- Software entrepreneur
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework." Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
So I'm going to talk about work,
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我要来谈一谈工作这件事,
00:17
specifically特别 why people can't seem似乎
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主要是关于大家在上班时
00:19
to get work doneDONE at work,
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为什么不能完成相应的工作这件事,
00:21
which哪一个 is a problem问题 we all kind of have.
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这种情况我们大家都遇到过。
00:24
But let's, sort分类 of, start开始 at the beginning开始.
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我们就从最开始的讲起。
00:26
So we have companies公司 and non-profits非营利性组织 and charities慈善机构
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我们有很多的公司、非营利性企业和慈善机构
00:29
and all these groups
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等等所有的这些企业团体
00:31
that have employees雇员
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都有员工
00:33
or volunteers志愿者 of some sort分类.
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或者是志愿者之类的。
00:35
And they expect期望 these people who work for them
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而团体的老板们总希望员工们
00:38
to do great work --
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都能好好工作。
00:40
I would hope希望, at least最小.
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至少,我是这样认为的。
00:42
At least最小 good work, hopefully希望, at least最小 it's good work --
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他们希望员工们努力工作,做出优秀的成绩,
00:44
hopefully希望 great work.
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希望一切都好。
00:46
And so what they typically一般 do is they decide决定
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因此,他们往往要求
00:48
that all these people need to come together一起 in one place地点
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所有的员工都必须聚集到同一个地方
00:50
to do that work.
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来展开工作。
00:52
So a company公司, or a charity慈善机构, or an organization组织 of any kind,
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所以不管是在公司,慈善机构还是各大组织
00:55
they typically一般 -- unless除非 you're working加工 in Africa非洲,
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除非你足够的幸运,你是在非洲工作,
00:57
if you're really lucky幸运 to do that --
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那么大多数的人都需要
00:59
most people have to go to an office办公室 every一切 day.
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每天到办公室去工作。
01:01
And so these companies公司,
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于是,各个公司
01:03
they build建立 offices办事处.
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就建造了办公楼。
01:05
They go out and they buy购买 a building建造, or they rent出租 a building建造,
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他们或买或是租用办公大楼,
01:08
or they lease some space空间,
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腾出一些空间
01:10
and they fill the space空间 with stuff东东.
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用来放满各种东西。
01:13
They fill it with tables, or desks书桌,
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办公桌,书桌,
01:16
chairs椅子, computer电脑 equipment设备,
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椅子,电脑设备,
01:18
software软件,
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软件,
01:20
Internet互联网 access访问,
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网络连接器,
01:22
maybe a fridge冰箱, maybe a few少数 other things,
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也许还有冰箱等其他一些东西,
01:25
and they expect期望 their employees雇员, or their volunteers志愿者,
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他们还要求员工们,或者志愿者们,
01:27
to come to that location位置 every一切 day to do great work.
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每天都到这指定的地方,好好工作。
01:30
It seems似乎 like it's perfectly完美 reasonable合理 to ask that.
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这看起来非常的合理。
01:33
However然而, if you actually其实 talk to people
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但是,如果你接触这些员工
01:35
and even question yourself你自己,
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或是问问你自己,
01:37
and you ask yourself你自己,
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你问你自己:
01:39
where do you really want to go when you really need to get something doneDONE?
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当你真想把事情做好的时候,你真真会去哪里工作?
01:42
You'll你会 find out that people don't say
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你会发现大家的回答
01:44
what businesses企业 think they would say.
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都不会是公司老板们所想的。
01:46
If you ask people the question: where do you really need to go
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如果你询问别人:他们需要工作的时候
01:48
when you need to get something doneDONE?
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他们真真想去哪里?
01:50
Typically通常 you get three different不同 kinds of answers答案.
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一般来说,你会得到三种不同的回答。
01:52
One is kind of a place地点 or a location位置 or a room房间.
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一种回答是到某个地方或者是房间。
01:55
Another另一个 one is a moving移动 object目的
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另外一种回答是移动的物体。
01:57
and a third第三 is a time.
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还有第三种答案工作的时间。
01:59
So here's这里的 some examples例子.
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我在这里举些例子。
02:01
When I ask people -- and I've been asking people this question for about 10 years年份 --
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当我询问大家──这个问题我已经问了10年了──
02:04
I ask them, "Where do you go when you really need to get something doneDONE?"
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我问他们:“当你想做些事情的时候,你一般会想去哪里做。”
02:06
I'll hear things like, the porch门廊, the deck甲板,
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我听到的答案有诸如门廊,桌前,
02:09
the kitchen厨房.
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厨房。
02:11
I'll hear things like an extra额外 room房间 in the house,
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我也会听到如房间里额外的小房间,
02:13
the basement地下室,
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储物室,
02:15
the coffee咖啡 shop, the library图书馆.
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咖啡馆,图书馆。
02:18
And then you'll你会 hear things like the train培养,
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此外,你还会听到火车,
02:21
a plane平面, a car汽车 -- so, the commute改判.
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飞机,汽车这种行程的回答。
02:24
And then you'll你会 hear people say,
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最后,你会听到大家说,
02:26
"Well, it doesn't really matter where I am,
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“恩,其实在哪里工作并不重要,
02:28
as long as it's really early in the morning早上 or really late晚了 at night or on the weekends周末."
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只要是在清晨,午夜或是周末,我办公效率就好。”
02:31
You almost几乎 never hear someone有人 say the office办公室.
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你会发现,大家几乎不会提到办公室。
02:34
But businesses企业 are spending开支 all this money on this place地点 called the office办公室,
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但是公司企业把所有的钱都用于办公室的建造,
02:37
and they're making制造 people go to it all the time,
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并规定员工每天到办公室工作,
02:39
yet然而 people don't do work in the office办公室.
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然而,大家在办公室里几乎不怎么工作。
02:42
What is that about?
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这意味着什么?
02:44
Why is that?
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为什么会这样?
02:46
Why is that happening事件?
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原因又是什么呢?
02:49
And what you find out is that, if you dig a little bit deeper更深,
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如果你深入的分析一下,你就会发现原因,
02:51
you find out that people --
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你发现大家,
02:53
this is what happens发生 --
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事实情况就是这样发生的--
02:55
people go to work,
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大家去上班,
02:57
and they're basically基本上 trading贸易 in their workday劳动日
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基本上工作日的各个时间段
02:59
for a series系列 of "work moments瞬间."
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都是以工作瞬间来计算。
03:01
That's what happens发生 at the office办公室.
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这就是办公室的情况。
03:03
You don't have a workday劳动日 anymore. You have work moments瞬间.
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你工作已经不是按“整工作日”算,而是被拆分成“工作瞬间”。
03:05
It's like the front面前 door of the office办公室 is like a CuisinartCuisinart将,
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这就好比当你走过办公室的前门,
03:08
and you walk步行 in and your day is shredded切丝 to bits,
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一跨入办公室,你的工作日就被分成一段段的瞬间。
03:10
because you have 15 minutes分钟 here and 30 minutes分钟 there,
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因为你这边忙15分钟,那边忙30分钟,
03:13
and then something else其他 happens发生 and you're pulled off your work,
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然后突发什么事的时候,你还得分神去处理;
03:15
and you've got to do something else其他, then you have 20 minutes分钟, then it's lunch午餐.
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你跑去做别的事之后,再工作个20分钟,就是午餐时间了。
03:18
Then you have something else其他 to do.
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然后你就又有别的事要做了,
03:20
Then you've got 15 minutes分钟, and someone有人 pulls you aside在旁边 and asks you this question,
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你刚专心15分钟后,又有人跑来问你问题。
03:23
and before you know it, it's 5 p.m.,
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当你回过神来的时候,已经是下班时间5点了,
03:26
and you look back on the day,
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当你回顾这一天,
03:28
and you realize实现 that you didn't get anything doneDONE.
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就会发现你根本什么都没有做。
03:30
I mean, we've我们已经 all been through通过 this.
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我想我们都应该有过这种经历。
03:32
We probably大概 went through通过 it yesterday昨天,
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也许昨天就是这样度过的,
03:34
or the day before, or the day before that.
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或者是前天,大前天。
03:36
You look back on your day, and you're like, I got nothing doneDONE today今天.
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每天回顾,发现什么事都没做。
03:39
I was at work.
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在应该工作的时间里,
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I satSAT at my desk. I used my expensive昂贵 computer电脑.
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我坐在书桌前,用着昂贵的电脑,
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I used the software软件 they told me to use.
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用着他们叫我用的软件,
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I went to these meetings会议 I was asked to go to.
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参见各种上头要求参加的会议。
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I did these conference会议 calls电话. I did all this stuff东东.
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我打电话会议,做各种杂事。
03:51
But I didn't actually其实 do anything.
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但事实上,我什么都没有做。
03:54
I just did tasks任务.
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我只是做些“琐事”而已。
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I didn't actually其实 get meaningful富有意义的 work doneDONE.
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我几乎没做什么有意义的工作。
03:58
And what you find is that, especially特别 with creative创作的 people --
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同时,你会发现,尤其是当你跟一些有创造力的人在一起的时候,
04:01
designers设计师, programmers程序员,
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比如设计师,工程师,
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writers作家, engineers工程师,
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作家,程序工程师,
04:05
thinkers思想家 --
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思想家,
04:07
that people really need
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这些人真得需要
04:09
long stretches舒展 of uninterrupted不断 time to get something doneDONE.
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用很长的一段不受干扰的时间来做些事情。
04:12
You cannot不能 ask somebody to be creative创作的 in 15 minutes分钟
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你不能要求这些搞创造力的人在15分钟的时间就想到创意
04:15
and really think about a problem问题.
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还能认真地思考问题。
04:17
You might威力 have a quick idea理念,
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搞创造的人可能会有灵感,
04:19
but to be in deep thought about a problem问题 and really consider考虑 a problem问题 carefully小心,
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但是如果想要深入、仔细的思考问题,
04:22
you need long stretches舒展 of uninterrupted不断 time.
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他们就需要很长的一段不受干扰的时间。
04:25
And even though虽然 the workday劳动日 is typically一般 eight hours小时,
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尽管一天的工作日是8个小时,
04:28
how many许多 people here have ever had eight hours小时 to themselves他们自己 at the office办公室?
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有多少人是真真的把这8个小时用在工作上?
04:31
How about seven hours小时?
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有7个小时吗?
04:33
Six? Five? Four?
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6个?5个?还是4个?
04:36
When's当的 the last time you had three hours小时 to yourself你自己 at the office办公室?
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你什么时候有过在办公室里独立完成工作3个小时过?
04:39
Two hours小时? One, maybe?
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2个小时?也许只有一个小时吧。
04:41
Very, very few少数 people actually其实 have
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很少人真的有过
04:43
long stretches舒展 of uninterrupted不断 time at an office办公室.
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在办公室长时间不受干扰的工作。
04:46
And this is why people choose选择 to do work at home,
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这也是为什么大家情愿在家工作,
04:49
or they might威力 go to the office办公室,
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他们可能会去办公室上班,
04:51
but they might威力 go to the office办公室 really early in the day,
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但是他们可能会很早就去,
04:53
or late晚了 at night when no one's那些 around,
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或者到很晚,没有一个人的时候才离开,
04:55
or they stick around after everyone's大家的 left, or they go in on the weekends周末,
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或者等到大家都离开后,他们会留下来工作,或者是周末的时候加班,
04:58
or they get work doneDONE on the plane平面,
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或者在飞机上也工作,
05:00
or they get work doneDONE in the car汽车 or in the train培养
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还有汽车上,火车上的工作,
05:02
because there are no distractions分心.
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这是因为这些时候,人们都不会被打扰。
05:04
Now, there are different不同 kinds of distractions分心,
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打扰的方式有各种各样的,
05:06
but there aren't the really bad kinds of distractions分心
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这里,我就不列举
05:08
that I'll talk about in just a minute分钟.
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那些恶劣的打扰方式了。
05:10
And this sort分类 of whole整个 phenomenon现象
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这个现象
05:12
of having short bursts连发 of time to get things doneDONE
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用一段段零碎的时间来完成工作这个现象,
05:14
reminds提醒 me of another另一个 thing
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让我想起了一件事-
05:16
that doesn't work when you're interrupted间断,
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它就是睡觉,当你睡觉被打扰时,
05:18
and that is sleep睡觉.
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你就很难再入睡。
05:20
I think that sleep睡觉 and work are very closely密切 related有关,
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睡觉跟工作是互有关联的。
05:22
and it's not just that you can work while you're sleeping睡眠
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不是因为睡觉的时候无法工作
05:24
and you can sleep睡觉 while you're working加工.
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或者工作的时候不能睡觉。
05:26
That's not really what I mean.
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这不是我要讲的。
05:28
I'm talking specifically特别 about the fact事实
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我要讲的是
05:30
that sleep睡觉 and work
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工作和睡觉
05:32
are phased-based分阶段为主,
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都是分阶段的、
05:34
or stage-based舞台为基础, events事件.
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分时段的状态。
05:37
So sleep睡觉 is about sleep睡觉 phases, or stages阶段 --
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睡觉分各个阶段、时段--
05:40
some people call them different不同 things.
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不同的阶段有不同的名字。
05:42
There's five of them,
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总共有五个阶段,
05:44
and in order订购 to get to the really deep ones那些, the really meaningful富有意义的 ones那些,
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为了进到最深的、最有意义的阶段,
05:47
you have to go through通过 the early ones那些.
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你必须经历最初的那些阶段。
05:49
And if you're interrupted间断 while you're going through通过 the early ones那些 --
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如果你在前面的阶段就被打扰了,
05:51
if someone有人 bumps颠簸 you in bed,
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可能有人翻身碰到你,
05:53
or if there's a sound声音, or whatever随你 happens发生 --
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或者是有什么声音,或其他什么事,
05:56
you don't just pick up where you left off.
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你没办法回到这个阶段继续睡。
05:58
If you're interrupted间断 and woken唤醒 up,
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如果你被打扰了,醒了过来,
06:00
you have to start开始 again.
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你又得重头开始。
06:02
So you have to go back a few少数 phases and start开始 again.
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你就得重回到睡眠的前几个阶段。
06:05
And what ends结束 up happening事件 -- sometimes有时 you might威力 have days like this
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结果就是,有的时候,你可能有几天
06:07
where you wake唤醒 up at eight in the morning早上, or seven in the morning早上,
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在早上8点就醒来,有时是7点,
06:09
or whenever每当 you get up,
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或者是当你起来的时候,
06:11
and you're like, man, I didn't really sleep睡觉 very well.
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你会觉得一夜没睡好。
06:13
I did the sleep睡觉 thing -- I went to bed, I laid铺设 down --
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你又去睡觉,上了床,然后躺下,
06:16
but I didn't really sleep睡觉.
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但是你却不能入睡。
06:18
People say you go to sleep睡觉,
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我们说去睡觉,
06:21
but you really don't go to sleep睡觉, you go towards sleep睡觉.
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其实不是一倒下就睡着,而是进入梦境。
06:23
It just takes a while. You've got to go through通过 these phases and stuff东东,
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这是需要时间的,一个阶段一个阶段的慢慢来。
06:26
and if you're interrupted间断, you don't sleep睡觉 well.
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如果你被干扰了,当然就睡不好了。
06:28
So how do we expect期望 -- does anyone任何人 here expect期望 someone有人 to sleep睡觉 well
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这样我们还怎么希望能睡好呢──如果一整晚都被打扰的话,
06:30
if they're interrupted间断 all night?
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有人觉得你能睡得好吗?
06:32
I don't think anyone任何人 would say yes.
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我觉得应该没人会说睡得好。
06:34
Why do we expect期望 people to work well
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如果在办公室里不断地被打扰,
06:36
if they're being存在 interrupted间断 all day at the office办公室?
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我们为什么还希望大家好好工作呢?
06:38
How can we possibly或者 expect期望 people to do their job工作
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如果他们总是被打扰,
06:41
if they're going to the office办公室 to be interrupted间断?
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我们又怎能要求他们好好工作呢?
06:43
That doesn't really seem似乎 like it makes品牌 a lot of sense to me.
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对我来说,这很不合理。
06:46
So what are these interruptions中断 that happen发生 at the office办公室
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那么为什么在其他地方工作的时候,
06:48
that don't happen发生 at other places地方?
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就不会被打扰了呢?
06:50
Because in other places地方, you can have interruptions中断,
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因为其他地方,会有干扰,
06:52
like, you can have the TV电视,
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比如会跑去看电视
06:54
or you could go for a walk步行,
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或者是散个步,
06:56
or there's a fridge冰箱 downstairs楼下,
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到楼下冰箱拿个东西,
06:58
or you've got your own拥有 couch长椅, or whatever随你 you want to do.
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或者你赖在自己的沙发上,想要什么就有什么。
07:01
And if you talk to certain某些 managers经理,
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如果你这样跟你的经理讲,
07:03
they'll他们会 tell you that they don't want their employees雇员 to work at home
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他们会要求你不要在家里工作,
07:06
because of these distractions分心.
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由于有这样那样的干扰因素的存在。
07:08
They'll他们会 also say --
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他们还会说,
07:10
sometimes有时 they'll他们会 also say,
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有时也会这样说,
07:12
"Well, if I can't see the person, how do I know they're working加工?"
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“恩,我甚至看不见他们的身影,我怎样知道他们在工作呢?”
07:14
which哪一个 is ridiculous荒谬, of course课程, but that's one of the excuses借口 that managers经理 give.
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这个理由是很荒唐的,但是很多经理人总会拿这一点来做借口。
07:17
And I'm one of these managers经理.
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我也是这样的经理。
07:19
I understand理解. I know how this goes.
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所以我对这些都了解。
07:21
We all have to improve提高 on this sort分类 of thing.
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但是我们要改善这种情形,
07:23
But oftentimes通常情况下 they'll他们会 cite引用 distractions分心.
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尽管他们常常会举例。
07:25
"I can't let someone有人 work at home.
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“我不会允许员工在家里工作。
07:27
They'll他们会 watch TV电视. They'll他们会 do this other thing."
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他们会看电视,干其他与工作无关的事。”
07:29
It turns out that those aren't the things that are really distracting分心.
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但其实这些事并不会真的干扰你。
07:32
Because those are voluntary自主性 distractions分心.
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因为这些事都是自愿分心。
07:34
You decide决定 when you want to be distracted分心 by the TV电视.
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你可以自己决定什么时候看电视;
07:36
You decide决定 when you want to turn something on.
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决定什么时候打开冰箱;
07:38
You decide决定 when you want to go downstairs楼下 or go for a walk步行.
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决定什么时候下楼、散步。
07:41
At the office办公室, most of the interruptions中断 and distractions分心
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而在办公室里,大多数打搅到工作的
07:43
that really cause原因 people not to get work doneDONE
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干扰因素
07:45
are involuntary非自愿.
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都是被动产生的。
07:47
So let's go through通过 a couple一对 of those.
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让我来举些例。
07:50
Now, managers经理 and bosses老板
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现在,上司、老板们
07:52
will often经常 have you think that the real真实 distractions分心 at work
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会经常认为,工作的时候真真让你分心的是
07:55
are things like FacebookFacebook的 and Twitter推特
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Facebook 和 twitter
07:58
and YouTubeYouTube的 and other websites网站,
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youtube等网站。
08:01
and in fact事实, they'll他们会 go so far
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事实上,他们也会完全的禁止
08:03
as to actually其实 ban禁止 these sites网站 at work.
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上班时游览这些网页。
08:05
Some of you may可能 work at places地方 where you can't get to these certain某些 sites网站.
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有些办公地甚至打开不了这些网站。
08:08
I mean, is this China中国? What the hell地狱 is going on here?
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这是在中国吗?这到底是怎么了?
08:11
You can't go to a website网站 at work,
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工作的时候竟然不能上这些网,
08:13
and that's the problem问题, that's why people aren't getting得到 work doneDONE,
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难道这就是问题的所在之处,这就是大家无法在工作时间里完成工作的原因,
08:15
because they're going to FacebookFacebook的 and they're going to Twitter推特?
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是因为他们在上Facebook,twitter吗?
08:17
That's kind of ridiculous荒谬. It's a total decoy引诱.
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这真得很可笑,很荒谬。
08:22
And today's今天的 FacebookFacebook的 and Twitter推特 and YouTubeYouTube的,
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今天的Facebook、twitter还有youtube
08:24
these things are just modern-day现代 smoke抽烟 breaks休息.
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等上网时间就等于是当代的抽烟时间而已。
08:27
No one cared照顾 about letting出租 people take a smoke抽烟 break打破 for 15 minutes分钟
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从10年前起,人们在上班时间溜出去抽15分钟的烟,根本就没人在乎
08:29
10 years年份 ago,
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08:31
so why does everyone大家 care关心 about someone有人 going to FacebookFacebook的 here and there,
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那么为什么现在偶尔上个Facebook、twitter、youtube
08:33
or Twitter推特 here and there, or YouTubeYouTube的 here and there?
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就会有一大堆的意见?
08:35
Those aren't the real真实 problems问题 in the office办公室.
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这些根本不是问题的关键所在。
08:38
The real真实 problems问题 are what I like to call
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问题出在于被我称之为
08:40
the M&Ms女士,
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M&M's上
08:42
the Managers经理 and the Meetings会议.
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经理(managers)和会议(meetings)的身上。
08:44
Those are the real真实 problems问题 in the modern现代 office办公室 today今天.
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这些才是现今办公室里问题的所在,
08:47
And this is why things don't get doneDONE at work --
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也是员工没法顺利完成工作的原因,
08:50
it's because of the M&Ms女士.
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因为M&M's的存在。
08:52
Now what's interesting有趣 is,
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有趣的是
08:54
if you listen to all the places地方 that people talk about doing work --
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当你听到大家谈论各自的高效工作的地点时,
08:57
like at home, or in a car汽车, or on a plane平面,
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比如在家里、汽车里、飞机上,
08:59
or late晚了 at night, or early in the morning早上 --
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或者在深夜或清晨的讨论,
09:01
you don't find managers经理 and meetings会议.
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但就是不会听到关于经理和会议的谈论;
09:03
You find a lot of other distractions分心, but you don't find managers经理 and meetings会议.
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你会发现很多别的干扰因素,但是不会归咎到经理和会议的干扰因素上。
09:06
So these are the things that you don't find elsewhere别处,
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经理和会议只会是办公室办公的干扰因素,
09:09
but you do find at the office办公室.
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它们不会在别处出现。
09:12
And managers经理 are basically基本上 people
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某种意义上来说,经理的工作
09:14
whose谁的 job工作 it is to interrupt打断 people.
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就是打扰员工。
09:16
That's pretty漂亮 much what managers经理 are for. They're for interrupting中断 people.
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这也是经理喜欢干的,他们喜欢打扰别人工作。
09:19
They don't really do the work,
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他们本身不需要工作,
09:21
so they have to make sure everyone大家 else其他 is doing the work, which哪一个 is an interruption中断.
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他们监督下属工作的行为,实际上就是构成了干扰。
09:24
And we have a lot of managers经理 in the world世界 now,
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目前世界上有很多经理,
09:26
and there's a lot of people in the world世界 now,
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也有很多的员工。
09:28
and there's a lot of interruptions中断 in the world世界 now because of these managers经理.
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由于经理而造成的干扰就有很多。
09:30
They have to check in: "Hey, how's如何的 it going?
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为了调查工作进度,他们会问:“工作做得怎么样了?
09:32
Show显示 me what's up," and this sort分类 of thing
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给我展示一下。”等类似的话。
09:34
and they keep interrupting中断 you at the wrong错误 time,
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他们还总是会在不恰当的时间来打扰你,
09:36
while you're actually其实 trying to do something they're paying付款 you to do,
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当你正在努力完成他们分配的任务的时候,
09:39
they tend趋向 to interrupt打断 you.
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他们往往在关键时候来打扰你。
09:41
That's kind of bad.
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这是很糟糕的。
09:43
But what's even worse更差 is the thing that managers经理 do most of all,
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但是还有比这更糟糕的呢,
09:46
which哪一个 is call meetings会议.
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那就是开会。
09:48
And meetings会议 are just toxic有毒的,
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开会的时候是一天中最无聊
09:50
terrible可怕, poisonous有毒 things
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又烦人、又浪费时间
09:53
during the day at work.
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的事。
09:55
We all know this to be true真正,
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我们都知道这一点事实。
09:58
and you would never see a spontaneous自发 meeting会议 called by employees雇员.
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你也不会看到以后有员工组织的会议;
10:00
It doesn't work that way.
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这根本不会发生。
10:02
The manager经理 calls电话 the meeting会议
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经理开会的时候
10:04
so the employees雇员 can all come together一起,
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所有的员工都聚集起来,
10:06
and it's an incredibly令人难以置信 disruptive破坏性 thing to do to people --
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这真的是一件很具干扰性质的事。
10:08
is to say, "Hey look,
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经理们会说:“记住,
10:10
we're going to bring带来 10 people together一起 right now and have a meeting会议.
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我们现在要召集10个人开会。
10:13
I don't care关心 what you're doing.
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我不关心你们现在在做什么。
10:15
Just, you've got to stop doing what you're doing, so you can have this meeting会议."
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你们要做的就是停下一切手头上的事,然后来开这个会。”
10:18
I mean, what are the chances机会 that all 10 people are ready准备 to stop?
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这10个人就这么突然停下来去开会?
10:21
What if they're thinking思维 about something important重要?
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要是他们正在思考重要的事情呢?
10:23
What if they're doing important重要 work?
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做重要的工作呢?
10:25
All of a sudden突然 you're telling告诉 them that they have to stop doing that
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就这么突然,你告诉他们,必须停下来手边的工作
10:27
to do something else其他.
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来开会。
10:29
So they go into a meeting会议 room房间, they get together一起,
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他们进入会议室,聚在一起,
10:32
and they talk about stuff东东 that doesn't really matter usually平时.
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并谈论一些根本无关紧要的事。
10:35
Because meetings会议 aren't work.
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事实上,会议根本起不了任何的作用。
10:37
Meetings会议 are places地方 to go to talk about things you're supposed应该 to be doing later后来.
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开会是为了商讨公司以后的计划。
10:40
But meetings会议 also procreate生育.
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但是开会有时也是为了提前安排事宜。
10:42
So one meeting会议 tends趋向 to lead to another另一个 meeting会议
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一个又一个
10:44
and tends趋向 to lead to another另一个 meeting会议.
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开不完的会议。
10:46
There's often经常 too many许多 people in the meetings会议,
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开会的时候,总是有那么多人,
10:48
and they're very, very expensive昂贵 to the organization组织.
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对于组织来说,这是很贵的。
10:51
Companies公司 often经常 think of a one-hour一小时 meeting会议 as a one-hour一小时 meeting会议,
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公司老板总是想着开个1小时的会议,
10:54
but that's not true真正, unless除非 there's only one person in that meeting会议.
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但是这个是不现实的,除非会议室里只有一个人。
10:57
If there are 10 people in the meeting会议, it's a 10-hour-小时 meeting会议; it's not a one-hour一小时 meeting会议.
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如果有10个人参加了会议,那这就是10小时的会议,不是1小时会议。
11:00
It's 10 hours小时 of productivity生产率 taken采取 from the rest休息 of the organization组织
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这个10小时的会议是挪用了其他组织或其他人的时间,
11:03
to have this one one-hour一小时 meeting会议,
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这才有了这1小时的会议,
11:05
which哪一个 probably大概 should have been handled处理 by two or three people
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这会议本该是由2个或3个组织者
11:08
talking for a few少数 minutes分钟.
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简短的发言组成。
11:10
But instead代替, there's a long scheduled计划 meeting会议,
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但事实上,最后却变成了一个议程繁多的会议,
11:12
because meetings会议 are scheduled计划 the way software软件 works作品,
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因为议程是按软件运行的方式安排的,
11:15
which哪一个 is in increments增量 of 15 minutes分钟, or 30 minutes分钟, or an hour小时.
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延长15分钟,半小时或者1个小时。
11:18
You don't schedule时间表 an eight-hour八小时 meeting会议 with Outlook外表.
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你用Outlook不会安排一个8小时的会议。
11:20
You can't. I don't even know if you can.
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你也不能。当然,我是不知道你能不能。
11:22
You can go 15 minutes分钟 or 30 minutes分钟 or 45 minutes分钟 or an hour小时.
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你可以延长15分钟,半小时,45分钟或者1个小时。
11:25
And so we tend趋向 to fill these times up
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当事情紧急的时候,
11:27
when things should really go really quickly很快.
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我们不得不充分利用时间。
11:29
So meetings会议 and managers经理 are two major重大的 problems问题 in businesses企业 today今天,
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因此会议和经理是现今商务事业中的主要问题,
11:32
especially特别 to offices办事处.
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尤其是在办公室里。
11:34
These things don't exist存在 outside of the office办公室.
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这些情况不会在办公室以外的地方发生。
11:37
So I have some suggestions建议
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因此,我有以下几条建议
11:39
to remedy补救 the situation情况.
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来纠正,解决这些问题。
11:42
What can managers经理 do --
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经理们可以这样做。
11:44
enlightened开明 managers经理, hopefully希望 --
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我指的是开明的经理们。
11:46
what can they do to make the office办公室 a better place地点 for people to work,
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他们可以把办公室进一步改造成适合员工工作的地方,
11:49
so it's not the last resort采取, but it's the first resort采取?
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使得办公室成为大家工作的首选之地。
11:52
It's that people start开始 to say,
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大家都开始说:
11:54
"When I really want to get stuff东东 doneDONE, I go to the office办公室."
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“当我真的想工作的时候,我会去办公室。”
11:56
Because the offices办事处 are well equipped装备,
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因为办公室里设备齐全,
11:58
everything should be there for them to do their work,
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所有涉及工作的东西都一应俱全,
12:00
but they don't want to go there right now, so how do we change更改 that?
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但是,现在大家还不想去办公室工作,那么我们该如何来改变这种现状呢?
12:03
I have three suggestions建议 I'll share分享 with you guys.
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我有三条建议,现在就来跟你们分享一下。
12:05
I have about three minutes分钟, so that'll那会 fit适合 perfectly完美.
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只需要大约3分钟的时间,就能解释清楚。
12:08
We've我们已经 all heard听说 of the casual随便 Friday星期五 thing.
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我们都听过星期五是随意工作日。
12:11
I don't know if people still do that.
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我不知道大家是否还在这么做。
12:13
But how about "no-talk没有说话 Thursdays星期四?"
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那么不妨设定星期四为无交谈日?
12:16
How about --
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就这样好了,
12:18
pick one Thursday星期四 once一旦 a month
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随便挑一个月里的一个星期四,
12:20
and cut that day in half and just say the afternoon下午 -- I'll make it really easy简单 for you.
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再简单一点,那就取个半天,星期四下午好了。
12:23
So just the afternoon下午, one Thursday星期四.
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那就星期四下午。
12:25
The first Thursday星期四 of the month -- just the afternoon下午 --
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假设就这月第一个星期四的下午,
12:27
nobody没有人 in the office办公室 can talk to each other.
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办公室里不准有任何的交谈。
12:29
Just silence安静, that's it.
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有的只能是安静。
12:31
And what you'll你会 find
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然后,你会发现
12:33
is that a tremendous巨大 amount of work actually其实 gets得到 doneDONE
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没有人交谈的时候,
12:35
when no one talks会谈 to each other.
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很多工作很快就会完成。
12:37
This is when people actually其实 get stuff东东 doneDONE,
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所有的工作都完成的时候,
12:39
is when no one's那些 bothering困扰 them, when no one's那些 interrupting中断 them.
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正是没有任何干扰的时候。
12:41
And you can give someone有人 -- giving someone有人 four hours小时 of uninterrupted不断 time
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4个小时的无干扰工作时间
12:44
is the best最好 gift礼品 you can give anybody任何人 at work.
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是给需要工作的人最好的礼物。
12:46
It's better than a computer电脑.
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这比电脑还要好,
12:48
It's better than a new monitor监控. It's better than new software软件,
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比调制解调器,软件都要高效,
12:51
or whatever随你 people typically一般 use.
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比大家平常用的任何的东西都要好。
12:53
Giving给予 them four hours小时 of quiet安静 time at the office办公室
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给他们4个小时安静的办公时间-
12:55
is going to be incredibly令人难以置信 valuable有价值.
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这将会成为珍贵的事。
12:57
And if you try that, I think you'll你会 find that you agree同意.
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如果你试着做了,你会同意这一点。
12:59
And maybe, hopefully希望 you can do it more often经常.
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也许,你可以多实行几次。
13:01
So maybe it's every一切 other week,
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也许是每隔一个星期一次,
13:03
or every一切 week, once一旦 a week,
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或者是每个星期一次,
13:05
afternoons下午 no one can talk to each other.
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下午的时候,都不准许有任何的交谈。
13:07
That's something that you'll你会 find will really, really work.
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你会发现这真得很有效。
13:10
Another另一个 thing you can try
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另外你也可以试试
13:12
is switching交换 from active活性
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从主动
13:14
communication通讯 and collaboration合作,
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交流和协作的方式,
13:16
which哪一个 is like face-to-face面对面 stuff东东,
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也就是从面对面的交谈,
13:18
tapping窃听 people on the shoulder, saying hi to them, having meetings会议,
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拍拍他们的肩膀,说声你好,包括开会的主动交流,
13:21
and replace更换 that with more passive被动 models楷模 of communication通讯,
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转变为更被动地交流方式
13:23
using运用 things like email电子邮件 and instant瞬间 messaging消息,
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比如电子邮件,即时通讯,
13:26
or collaboration合作 products制品 -- things like that.
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或者是协作产品等类似的被动交流。
13:29
Now some people might威力 say email电子邮件 is really distracting分心
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有人可能会说,电子邮件非常的干扰人,
13:32
and I.M. is really distracting分心,
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即时通讯也很让人头疼,
13:34
and these other things are really distracting分心,
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这些都是干扰因素,
13:36
but they're distracting分心 at a time of your own拥有 choice选择 and your own拥有 choosing选择.
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但是这些干扰因素产生与否在于你自己的选择。
13:39
You can quit放弃 the email电子邮件 app应用; you can't quit放弃 your boss老板.
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你可以不用电子邮件的功能,但你不能不回复你老板的电邮。
13:42
You can quit放弃 I.M.;
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你可以不用即时通讯,
13:44
you can't hide隐藏 your manager经理.
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但你离不开你的经理。
13:46
You can put these things away,
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一旦你不用这些交流工具,
13:48
and then you can be interrupted间断 on your own拥有 schedule时间表, at your own拥有 time,
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当你有空的时候,你个人时间也会被打乱;
13:51
when you're available可得到, when you're ready准备 to go again.
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或者当你准备好出发的时候,你的行程又会被打乱。
13:53
Because work, like sleep睡觉, happens发生 in phases.
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因为工作就像睡觉一样,它是分阶段的。
13:56
So you're going to be kind of going up and doing some work,
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你要先做一些其它的事,慢慢铺垫,
13:58
and then you're going to come down from that work,
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然后才能完成后续工作,
14:00
and then maybe it's time to check that email电子邮件, or check that I.M.
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那么也许,有时你就得检查电邮,看看即时通讯。
14:02
And there are very, very few少数 things that are that urgent紧急
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很少有紧急的事
14:05
that need to happen发生, that need to be answered回答 right this second第二.
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同时发生,需要你立刻去解决。
14:08
So if you're a manager经理,
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因此如果你的经理
14:10
start开始 encouraging鼓舞人心的 people to use more things like I.M. and email电子邮件
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开始鼓励你多使用像即时通讯和电子邮件的工具,
14:12
and other things that someone有人 else其他 can put away
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还有做其他一些可有可无的事,
14:14
and then get back to you on their own拥有 schedule时间表.
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然后让你的步调跟他们的一致。
14:16
And the last suggestion建议 I have
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我的最后一条建议是
14:19
is that, if you do have a meeting会议 coming未来 up,
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如果你将要开一个会议,
14:22
if you have the power功率,
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如果你有这个权利,
14:24
just cancel取消. Just cancel取消 that next下一个 meeting会议.
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就把会议取消掉,取消掉下一个会议。
14:28
Today's今天的 Friday星期五 -- so Monday星期一, usually平时 people have meetings会议 on Monday星期一.
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今天是星期五,一般来说,会议会在星期一召开。
14:30
Just don't have it.
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就取消会议吧!
14:32
I don't mean move移动 it;
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我不是说调动会议,
14:34
I mean just erase抹去 it from memory记忆, it's gone走了.
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而是忘记这会议,会议没了。
14:36
And you'll你会 find out that everything will be just fine.
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你会发现一切都很顺利。
14:39
All these discussions讨论 and decisions决定 you thought you had to make
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所有这些你觉得你必须在星期一早上9点做的
14:41
at this one time at 9 a.m. on Monday星期一,
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商讨和决定,
14:43
just forget忘记 about them, and things will be just fine.
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就忘记他们吧,一切都会是顺利的。
14:45
People have a more open打开 morning早上, they can actually其实 think,
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这样,大家会觉得,他们将会有一个更加开放的早晨,
14:48
and you'll你会 find out that maybe all these things you thought you had to do,
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你也会发现,也许这些你觉得你必须要做的事情
14:50
you don't actually其实 have to do.
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事实上,你不一定要做。
14:52
So those are just three quick suggestions建议 I wanted to give you guys
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这就是我的三条建议,
14:54
to think about this.
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我希望你们能够好好思考一下。
14:56
And I hope希望 that some of these ideas思路
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同时,我也希望这些建议
14:58
were at least最小 provocative挑衅 enough足够
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相当挑衅但至少是有用的
15:00
for managers经理 and bosses老板 and business商业 owners拥有者
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不管是对经理,老板还是商务人士
15:02
and organizers组织者 and people who are in charge收费 of other people
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组织者还是管理人员来说,
15:05
to think about laying铺设 off a little bit
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大家都能想着,与其裁员,
15:07
and giving people some more time to get some work doneDONE.
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还不如给大家更多的时间来做些实质工作。
15:09
And I think it'll它会 all pay工资 off in the end结束.
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这样,我觉得最后一定会有收获的。
15:11
So thanks谢谢 for listening.
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谢谢各位的聆听。
15:13
(Applause掌声)
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鼓掌
Translated by Qian Sun
Reviewed by Angelia King

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jason Fried - Software entrepreneur
Jason Fried thinks deeply about collaboration, productivity and the nature of work. He's the co-founder of 37signals, makers of Basecamp and other web-based collaboration tools, and co-author of "Rework."

Why you should listen

Jason Fried is the co-founder and president of 37signals , a Chicago-based company that builds web-based productivity tools that, in their words, "do less than the competition -- intentionally." 37signals' simple but powerful collaboration tools include Basecamp, Highrise, Backpack, Campfire, Ta-da List, and Writeboard. 37signals also developed and open-sourced the Ruby on Rails programming framework.

Fried is the co-author, with David Heinemeier Hansson, of the book Rework, about new ways to conceptualize working and creating. Salon's Scott Rosenberg called it "a minimalist manifesto that's profoundly practical. In a world where we all keep getting asked to do more with less, the authors show us how to do less and create more."

More profile about the speaker
Jason Fried | Speaker | TED.com