TED2016
Adam Grant: The surprising habits of original thinkers
Adam Grant: Kebiasaan mengejutkan para pemikir orisinil
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Bagaimana orang-orang kreatif menghasilkan ide-ide hebat? Psikolog organisatoris Adam Grant mempelajari "kaum orisinil": pemikir yang memimpikan ide-ide baru dan melakukan sesuatu untuk menempatkannya di dunia. Dalam ceramah ini, pelajari tiga kebiasaan tak terduga kaum orisinil -- termasuk merangkul kegagalan. "Kaum orisinil terhebat adalah yang paling sering gagal, karena merekalah yang paling banyak mencoba," kata Grant. "Anda perlu banyak ide yang buruk untuk mendapatkan beberapa ide yang baik."
Adam Grant - Organizational psychologist
After years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others. Full bio
After years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Seven years ago, a student came to me
and asked me to invest in his company.
and asked me to invest in his company.
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7 tahun lalu, seorang pelajar meminta saya
berinvestasi di perusahaannya.
berinvestasi di perusahaannya.
00:17
He said, "I'm working with three friends,
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Katanya, "Saya kerja dengan tiga teman,
00:19
and we're going to try to disrupt
an industry by selling stuff online."
an industry by selling stuff online."
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kami akan menggemparkan industri dengan
menjual barang online."
menjual barang online."
00:23
And I said, "OK, you guys spent
the whole summer on this, right?"
the whole summer on this, right?"
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Jawab saya, "Oke, kalian mengerjakannya
selama musim panas, kan?"
selama musim panas, kan?"
00:26
"No, we all took internships
just in case it doesn't work out."
just in case it doesn't work out."
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"Tidak, kami semua magang,
jaga-jaga kalau itu tidak berhasil."
jaga-jaga kalau itu tidak berhasil."
00:29
"All right, but you're going to
go in full time once you graduate."
go in full time once you graduate."
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"Baik, tapi setelah lulus kalian akan
kerja penuh waktu untuk ini."
kerja penuh waktu untuk ini."
00:33
"Not exactly. We've all
lined up backup jobs."
lined up backup jobs."
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"Tidak juga. Kami sudah punya daftar
pekerjaan untuk nanti."
pekerjaan untuk nanti."
00:37
Six months go by,
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6 bulan berlalu,
00:38
it's the day before the company launches,
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tepat sebelum hari peluncuran,
00:40
and there is still
not a functioning website.
not a functioning website.
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dan masih tidak ada situs yang berfungsi.
00:43
"You guys realize,
the entire company is a website.
the entire company is a website.
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"Tahu tidak, seluruh perusahaan ini adalah
situs.
situs.
00:45
That's literally all it is."
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Benar-benar seluruhnya."
00:48
So I obviously declined to invest.
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Maka jelas saja saya menolak berinvestasi.
00:53
And they ended up
naming the company Warby Parker.
naming the company Warby Parker.
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Akhirnya mereka menamai perusahaannya
Warby Parker.
Warby Parker.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
00:57
They sell glasses online.
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Mereka menjual kacamata online.
01:00
They were recently recognized
as the world's most innovative company
as the world's most innovative company
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Baru-baru saja diakui sebagai perusahaan
paling inovatif di dunia
paling inovatif di dunia
01:03
and valued at over a billion dollars.
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dan bernilai lebih dari miliaran dolar AS.
01:05
And now? My wife handles our investments.
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Sekarang? Istri saya menangani investasi
kami.
kami.
01:10
Why was I so wrong?
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Mengapa saya bisa keliru?
01:13
To find out, I've been studying people
that I come to call "originals."
that I come to call "originals."
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Untuk menjawabnya, saya mempelajari
mereka yang saya sebut 'kaum orisinil'."
mereka yang saya sebut 'kaum orisinil'."
01:17
Originals are nonconformists,
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Kaum orisinil adalah pembangkang,
01:19
people who not only have new ideas
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orang-orang yang tidak hanya punya
ide-ide baru
ide-ide baru
01:21
but take action to champion them.
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juga bertindak agar itu berhasil.
01:23
They are people
who stand out and speak up.
who stand out and speak up.
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Mereka berdiri dan bersuara.
01:26
Originals drive creativity
and change in the world.
and change in the world.
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Kaum orisinil menggerakkan kreativitas
dan perubahan di dunia.
dan perubahan di dunia.
01:29
They're the people you want to bet on.
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Untuk mereka Anda ingin bertaruh.
01:31
And they look nothing like I expected.
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Mereka tidak terlihat seperti yang saya
harapkan.
harapkan.
01:34
I want to show you today
three things I've learned
three things I've learned
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Saya akan tunjukkan tiga hal yang saya
pelajari
pelajari
01:37
about recognizing originals
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untuk mengenal para kaum orisinil
01:39
and becoming a little bit more like them.
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dan menjadi seperti mereka.
01:42
So the first reason
that I passed on Warby Parker
that I passed on Warby Parker
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Alasan pertama saya menolak Warby Parker
01:45
was they were really slow
getting off the ground.
getting off the ground.
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adalah karena pergerakan mereka sangat
lamban.
lamban.
01:49
Now, you are all intimately familiar
with the mind of a procrastinator.
with the mind of a procrastinator.
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Tentu Anda tahu benar cara berpikir
seorang penunda.
seorang penunda.
01:54
Well, I have a confession for you.
I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator.
I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator.
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Sekarang, saya mau mengaku.
Saya bukan penunda. Saya pra-penunda.
Saya bukan penunda. Saya pra-penunda.
02:00
Yes, that's an actual term.
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Ya, itu istilah yang benar.
02:01
You know that panic you feel
a few hours before a big deadline
a few hours before a big deadline
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Anda tahu rasa panik beberapa jam
sebelum batas waktu
sebelum batas waktu
02:04
when you haven't done anything yet.
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dan belum ada yang Anda kerjakan.
02:06
I just feel that
a few months ahead of time.
a few months ahead of time.
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Saya merasakannya beberapa bulan
sebelumnya.
sebelumnya.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
02:11
So this started early: when I was a kid,
I took Nintendo games very seriously.
I took Nintendo games very seriously.
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Ini dimulai sejak saya kecil, saya bermain
Nintendo dengan sangat serius.
Nintendo dengan sangat serius.
02:18
I would wake up at 5am,
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Saya akan bangun jam 5 pagi,
02:20
start playing and not stop
until I had mastered them.
until I had mastered them.
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bermain dan tidak berhenti sampai saya
menguasainya.
menguasainya.
02:24
Eventually it got so out of hand
that a local newspaper came
that a local newspaper came
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Lalu akhirnya tidak terkendali, sampai
koran lokal meliput
koran lokal meliput
02:27
and did a story on the dark side
of Nintendo, starring me.
of Nintendo, starring me.
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dan menceritakan sisi buruk Nintendo,
menampilkan saya.
menampilkan saya.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
02:34
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
02:41
Since then, I have traded hair for teeth.
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Sejak itu, saya terus bertambah tua.
02:44
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
02:49
But this served me well in college,
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Namun saat kuliah ini berdampak baik,
02:52
because I finished my senior thesis
four months before the deadline.
four months before the deadline.
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saya menyelesaikan tesis saya 4 bulan
sebelum batas waktunya.
sebelum batas waktunya.
02:58
And I was proud of that,
until a few years ago.
until a few years ago.
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Dan saya sangat bangga, hingga
beberapa tahun lalu.
beberapa tahun lalu.
03:01
I had a student named Jihae,
who came to me and said,
who came to me and said,
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Murid saya bernama Jihae, mendatangi saya
dan bilang,
dan bilang,
03:05
"I have my most creative ideas
when I'm procrastinating."
when I'm procrastinating."
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"Saya menjadi kreatif saat saya
menunda-nunda."
menunda-nunda."
03:09
And I was like, "That's cute,
where are the four papers you owe me?"
where are the four papers you owe me?"
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Dan saya waktu itu, "Lucu sekali, mana
hutang empat makalahmu?"
hutang empat makalahmu?"
03:12
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
03:13
No, she was one
of our most creative students,
of our most creative students,
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Dia salah satu siswa kami yang
paling kreatif,
paling kreatif,
03:15
and as an organizational psychologist,
this is the kind of idea that I test.
this is the kind of idea that I test.
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dan sebagai psikolog organisatoris,
gagasan ini saya uji.
gagasan ini saya uji.
03:20
So I challenged her to get some data.
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Maka saya menantangnya mengumpul data.
03:22
She goes into a bunch of companies.
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Dia mendatangi banyak perusahaan.
03:23
She has people fill out surveys
about how often they procrastinate.
about how often they procrastinate.
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Meminta orang mengisi survei
seberapa sering mereka menunda.
seberapa sering mereka menunda.
03:27
Then she gets their bosses to rate
how creative and innovative they are.
how creative and innovative they are.
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Lalu meminta atasan mereka menilai
seberapa kreatif dan inovatifnya mereka.
seberapa kreatif dan inovatifnya mereka.
03:31
And sure enough,
the precrastinators like me,
the precrastinators like me,
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Dan tentu saja, pra-penunda seperti saya,
03:33
who rush in and do everything early
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yang terburu-buru menyelesaikan semua
di awal
di awal
03:35
are rated as less creative
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dinilai kurang kreatif
03:37
than people who procrastinate moderately.
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daripada para penunda yang biasanya.
03:40
So I want to know what happens
to the chronic procrastinators.
to the chronic procrastinators.
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Jadi saya ingin tahu apa yang terjadi pada
para penunda kronis.
para penunda kronis.
03:43
She was like, "I don't know.
They didn't fill out my survey."
They didn't fill out my survey."
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Katanya, "Saya tidak tahu. Mereka tidak
mengisi surveinya."
mengisi surveinya."
03:46
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
03:49
No, here are our results.
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Tidak, inilah hasilnya.
03:51
You actually do see that the people
who wait until the last minute
who wait until the last minute
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Nyatanya Anda melihat mereka yang menunda
hingga menit terakhir
hingga menit terakhir
03:55
are so busy goofing off
that they don't have any new ideas.
that they don't have any new ideas.
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hanya sibuk bermain-main dan
tidak menggagas ide baru.
tidak menggagas ide baru.
04:00
And on the flip side,
the people who race in
the people who race in
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Sebaliknya, mereka yang terburu-buru
04:03
are in such a frenzy of anxiety that they
don't have original thoughts either.
don't have original thoughts either.
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merasa takut luar biasa, sehingga mereka
juga tidak punya pemikiran orisinil.
juga tidak punya pemikiran orisinil.
04:09
There's a sweet spot
where originals seem to live.
where originals seem to live.
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Ada sebuah titik menyenangkan tempat
kaum orisinil berada.
kaum orisinil berada.
04:13
Why is this?
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Mengapa?
04:15
Maybe original people
just have bad work habits.
just have bad work habits.
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Mungkin kaum orisinil memang kebiasaan
kerjanya buruk.
kerjanya buruk.
04:18
Maybe procrastinating
does not cause creativity.
does not cause creativity.
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Mungkin menunda tidak menghasilkan
kreativitas.
kreativitas.
04:22
To find out, we designed some experiments.
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Untuk mencari tahu, kami menyusun
beberapa eksperimen.
beberapa eksperimen.
04:25
We asked people
to generate new business ideas,
to generate new business ideas,
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Kami meminta orang-orang menciptakan
ide-ide bisnis baru,
ide-ide bisnis baru,
04:28
and then we get independent readers
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dan kami meminta pembaca independen
04:30
to evaluate how creative
and useful they are.
and useful they are.
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mengevaluasi seberapa kreatif dan
bergunanya ide-ide itu.
bergunanya ide-ide itu.
04:33
And some of them are asked
to do the task right away.
to do the task right away.
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Beberapa dari mereka diminta langsung
melakukan tugasnya.
melakukan tugasnya.
04:36
Others we randomly assign
to procrastinate
to procrastinate
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Yang lain secara acak kami atur untuk
menunda
menunda
04:39
by dangling Minesweeper in front of them
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dengan memberi mereka permainan
Minesweeper
Minesweeper
04:41
for either five or 10 minutes.
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selama 5 atau 10 menit.
04:43
And sure enough,
the moderate procrastinators
the moderate procrastinators
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Dan tentu, para penunda yang biasanya
04:47
are 16 percent more creative
than the other two groups.
than the other two groups.
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16% lebih kreatif dari dua grup lain.
04:51
Now, Minesweeper is awesome,
but it's not the driver of the effect,
but it's not the driver of the effect,
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Nah, Minesweeper itu luar biasa,
tapi bukanlah penyebabnya,
tapi bukanlah penyebabnya,
04:54
because if you play the game first
before you learn about the task,
before you learn about the task,
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karena jika Anda memainkannya
sebelum tahu tugas Anda,
sebelum tahu tugas Anda,
04:58
there's no creativity boost.
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tidak ada dorongan kreativitas.
04:59
It's only when you're told that you're
going to be working on this problem,
going to be working on this problem,
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Hanya jika Anda diberitahu tentang sesuatu
yang akan Anda kerjakan,
yang akan Anda kerjakan,
05:03
and then you start procrastinating,
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lalu Anda mulai menunda,
05:04
but the task is still active
in the back of your mind,
in the back of your mind,
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tapi tugas itu masih aktif dalam
benak Anda,
benak Anda,
05:07
that you start to incubate.
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dan terinkubasi di sana.
05:09
Procrastination gives you time
to consider divergent ideas,
to consider divergent ideas,
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Penundaan memberi Anda waktu
mempertimbangkan ide-ide yang berbeda,
mempertimbangkan ide-ide yang berbeda,
05:12
to think in nonlinear ways,
to make unexpected leaps.
to make unexpected leaps.
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berpikir dalam cara berbeda,
membuat loncatan tak terduga.
membuat loncatan tak terduga.
05:16
So just as we were finishing
these experiments,
these experiments,
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Maka saat kami menyelesaikan
eksperimen ini,
eksperimen ini,
05:18
I was starting to write
a book about originals,
a book about originals,
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Saya mulai menulis sebuah buku
tentang kaum orisinil,
tentang kaum orisinil,
05:21
and I thought, "This is the perfect time
to teach myself to procrastinate,
to teach myself to procrastinate,
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dan pikir saya, "Ini saat yang tepat
mengajari diri saya menunda,
mengajari diri saya menunda,
05:26
while writing a chapter
on procrastination."
on procrastination."
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sementara menulis bab tentang penundaan."
05:28
So I metaprocrastinated,
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Maka saya mencoba menunda,
05:32
and like any self-respecting
precrastinator,
precrastinator,
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dan seperti para pra-penunda lainnya,
05:35
I woke up early the next morning
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esoknya saya bangun sangat pagi
05:37
and I made a to-do list
with steps on how to procrastinate.
with steps on how to procrastinate.
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dan membuat daftar pekerjaan dengan
langkah-langkah menunda.
langkah-langkah menunda.
05:39
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
05:43
And then I worked diligently
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Lalu saya berusaha keras
05:47
toward my goal of not making
progress toward my goal.
progress toward my goal.
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mencapai tujuan saya untuk tidak melakukan
sesuatu mencapai tujuan saya.
sesuatu mencapai tujuan saya.
05:52
I started writing
the procrastination chapter,
the procrastination chapter,
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Saya mulai menulis bab penundaan,
05:54
and one day -- I was halfway through --
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dan suatu hari --
saya hampir selesai --
saya hampir selesai --
05:56
I literally put it away in mid-sentence
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saya berhenti di tengah-tengah kalimat
05:58
for months.
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selama berbulan-bulan.
05:59
It was agony.
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Saya sangat tersiksa.
06:02
But when I came back to it,
I had all sorts of new ideas.
I had all sorts of new ideas.
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Tapi saat saya mulai lagi, saya punya
berbagai ide baru.
berbagai ide baru.
06:06
As Aaron Sorkin put it,
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Aaron Sorkin menyebutnya,
06:07
"You call it procrastinating.
I call it thinking."
I call it thinking."
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"Bagi Anda itu menunda.
Bagi saya itu berpikir."
Bagi saya itu berpikir."
06:12
And along the way I discovered
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Selama perjalanan, saya dapati
06:13
that a lot of great originals
in history were procrastinators.
in history were procrastinators.
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banyak kaum orisinal luar biasa dalam
sejarah adalah penunda.
sejarah adalah penunda.
06:17
Take Leonardo da Vinci.
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Lihat Leonardo da Vinci.
06:19
He toiled on and off for 16 years
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16 tahun menunda-nunda
06:23
on the Mona Lisa.
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untuk Mona Lisa.
06:24
He felt like a failure.
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Ia merasa gagal.
06:26
He wrote as much in his journal.
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Menulis itu dalam jurnalnya.
06:30
But some of the diversions
he took in optics
he took in optics
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Tapi pengalihannya pada optik
06:32
transformed the way that he modeled light
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mengubah caranya memeragakan cahaya
06:34
and made him into a much better painter.
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menjadikannya pelukis yang lebih baik.
06:37
What about Martin Luther King, Jr.?
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Lalu Martin Luther King, Jr.?
06:40
The night before
the biggest speech of his life,
the biggest speech of his life,
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Malam sebelum pidato terbesar dalam
hidupnya,
hidupnya,
06:42
the March on Washington,
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March on Washington,
06:44
he was up past 3am, rewriting it.
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ia bangun lewat jam 3 pagi,
menulis ulang.
menulis ulang.
06:46
He's sitting in the audience
waiting for his turn to go onstage,
waiting for his turn to go onstage,
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Ia duduk di barisan penonton, menunggu
gilirannya maju,
gilirannya maju,
06:50
and he is still scribbling notes
and crossing out lines.
and crossing out lines.
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dan masih menulis dan menyoreti
catatannya.
catatannya.
06:54
When he gets onstage, 11 minutes in,
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Saat ia maju, selama 11 menit,
06:56
he leaves his prepared remarks
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ia tidak memakai catatan yang disiapkan
06:58
to utter four words
that changed the course of history:
that changed the course of history:
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untuk menyampaikan 4 kata yang mengubah
alur sejarah:
alur sejarah:
07:01
"I have a dream."
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"Saya punya sebuah mimpi."
07:04
That was not in the script.
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Tidak ada dalam naskah.
07:07
By delaying the task of finalizing
the speech until the very last minute,
the speech until the very last minute,
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Dengan menunda menyelesaikan pidatonya
hingga menit terakhir,
hingga menit terakhir,
07:11
he left himself open
to the widest range of possible ideas.
to the widest range of possible ideas.
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ia membuka diri bagi begitu banyak ide.
07:15
And because the text wasn't set in stone,
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Dan karena teksnya masih dapat diubah,
07:17
he had freedom to improvise.
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ia bebas berimprovisasi.
07:20
Procrastinating is a vice
when it comes to productivity,
when it comes to productivity,
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Penundaan adalah lawan produktivitas,
07:23
but it can be a virtue for creativity.
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tapi bisa jadi baik bagi kreativitas.
07:27
What you see with a lot of great originals
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Yang Anda lihat pada kaum orisinil adalah
07:29
is that they are quick to start
but they're slow to finish.
but they're slow to finish.
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bagaimana mereka cepat memulai
tapi lambat menyelesaikan.
tapi lambat menyelesaikan.
07:33
And this is what I missed
with Warby Parker.
with Warby Parker.
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Ini yang saya lewatkan pada Warby Parker.
07:35
When they were dragging
their heels for six months,
their heels for six months,
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Saat mereka bergerak lamban
selama 6 bulan,
selama 6 bulan,
07:38
I looked at them and said,
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Saya menatap mereka, berkata,
07:40
"You know, a lot of other companies
are starting to sell glasses online."
are starting to sell glasses online."
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"Tahu tidak, banyak perusahaan
akan segera menjual kacamata online."
akan segera menjual kacamata online."
07:43
They missed the first-mover advantage.
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Mereka kehilangan
keuntungan orang-pertama.
07:46
But what I didn't realize was
they were spending all that time
they were spending all that time
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Tapi yang tidak saya sadari, mereka
menggunakan waktu itu
menggunakan waktu itu
07:49
trying to figure out how to get people
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untuk mencari cara agar orang-orang
07:51
to be comfortable ordering glasses online.
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nyaman memesan kacamata via internet.
07:53
And it turns out the first-mover
advantage is mostly a myth.
advantage is mostly a myth.
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Ternyata, keuntungan orang-pertama
sebagian besar adalah mitos.
sebagian besar adalah mitos.
07:56
Look at a classic study
of over 50 product categories,
of over 50 product categories,
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Lihat studi klasik pada lebih dari
50 kategori produk,
50 kategori produk,
07:59
comparing the first movers
who created the market
who created the market
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membandingkan orang-pertama yang
menciptakan pasar
menciptakan pasar
08:02
with the improvers who introduced
something different and better.
something different and better.
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dengan pengembang yang mengenalkan
sesuatu secara berbeda dan lebih baik.
sesuatu secara berbeda dan lebih baik.
08:06
What you see is that the first movers
had a failure rate of 47 percent,
had a failure rate of 47 percent,
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Tampak bahwa tingkat kegagalan
para orang-pertama mencapai 47%,
para orang-pertama mencapai 47%,
08:10
compared with only 8 percent
for the improvers.
for the improvers.
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dan hanya 8% pada para pengembang.
08:15
Look at Facebook,
waiting to build a social network
waiting to build a social network
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Lihat Facebook, menunggu membangun
jaringan sosial
jaringan sosial
08:17
until after Myspace and Friendster.
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sampai setelah Myspace dan Friendster.
08:21
Look at Google, waiting for years
after Altavista and Yahoo.
after Altavista and Yahoo.
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Lihat Google, menunggu bertahun-tahun
setelah Altavista dan Yahoo.
setelah Altavista dan Yahoo.
08:24
It's much easier to improve
on somebody else's idea
on somebody else's idea
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Lebih mudah mengembangkan ide orang lain,
daripada
daripada
08:27
than it is to create
something new from scratch.
something new from scratch.
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mengembangkan sesuatu
yang benar-benar baru.
yang benar-benar baru.
08:30
So the lesson I learned is that
to be original you don't have to be first.
to be original you don't have to be first.
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Maka pelajaran yang saya dapat: menjadi
orisinil bukan berarti jadi yang pertama.
orisinil bukan berarti jadi yang pertama.
08:35
You just have to be different and better.
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Anda hanya harus jadi berbeda
dan lebih baik.
dan lebih baik.
08:38
But that wasn't the only reason
I passed on Warby Parker.
I passed on Warby Parker.
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Tapi itu bukan satu-satunya alasan saya
melepas Warby Parker.
melepas Warby Parker.
08:41
They were also full of doubts.
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Mereka juga penuh keraguan.
08:43
They had backup plans lined up,
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Mereka punya rencana-rencana cadangan,
08:45
and that made me doubt
that they had the courage to be original,
that they had the courage to be original,
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membuat saya ragu kalau mereka punya
keyakinan menjadi orisinil,
keyakinan menjadi orisinil,
08:49
because I expected that originals
would look something like this.
would look something like this.
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karena saya berharap para orisinil
terlihat seperti ini.
terlihat seperti ini.
08:55
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
08:58
Now, on the surface,
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Pada tampilan luarnya,
09:00
a lot of original people look confident,
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1976
kaum orisinil terlihat percaya diri,
09:02
but behind the scenes,
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tapi di belakang panggung,
09:03
they feel the same fear and doubt
that the rest of us do.
that the rest of us do.
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mereka merasakan ketakutan dan keraguan
seperti kita semua.
seperti kita semua.
09:06
They just manage it differently.
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Hanya cara menanganinya berbeda.
09:08
Let me show you: this is a depiction
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Saya tunjukkan: ini gambaran
09:10
of how the creative process
works for most of us.
works for most of us.
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cara proses kreatif terjadi pada
kebanyakan kita.
kebanyakan kita.
09:16
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
09:20
Now, in my research, I discovered
there are two different kinds of doubt.
there are two different kinds of doubt.
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Dalam penelitian saya, saya menemukan
ada 2 jenis rasa ragu.
ada 2 jenis rasa ragu.
09:23
There's self-doubt and idea doubt.
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Meragui diri, dan meragui ide.
09:25
Self-doubt is paralyzing.
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Meragui diri itu melemahkan.
09:26
It leads you to freeze.
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Anda jadi tidak bergerak.
09:28
But idea doubt is energizing.
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1736
Tapi ragu pada ide menguatkan.
09:30
It motivates you to test,
to experiment, to refine,
to experiment, to refine,
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Memotivasi Anda untuk mencoba,
menguji, menyaring,
menguji, menyaring,
09:33
just like MLK did.
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2056
seperti MLK.
09:35
And so the key to being original
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Maka kunci menjadi orisinil
09:38
is just a simple thing
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hanyalah sesederhana
09:40
of avoiding the leap
from step three to step four.
from step three to step four.
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menghindari loncatan dari tahap tiga
ke tahap empat.
ke tahap empat.
09:43
Instead of saying, "I'm crap,"
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Bukannya berkata, "Saya buruk,"
09:45
you say, "The first few drafts
are always crap,
are always crap,
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tapi, "Konsep-konsep awal memang
selalu buruk,
selalu buruk,
09:48
and I'm just not there yet."
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1400
saya hanya belum berhasil."
09:50
So how do you get there?
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Lalu bagaimana Anda bisa berhasil?
09:52
Well, there's a clue, it turns out,
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Ternyata ada sebuah petunjuk,
09:54
in the Internet browser that you use.
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1960
dalam browser Internet Anda.
09:57
We can predict your job performance
and your commitment
and your commitment
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Kita bisa memprediksi performa kerja
dan komitmen Anda
dan komitmen Anda
09:59
just by knowing what web browser you use.
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2840
dengan melihat browser situs
yang Anda pakai.
yang Anda pakai.
10:03
Now, some of you are not
going to like the results of this study --
going to like the results of this study --
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3176
Beberapa dari Anda tidak akan suka
hasilnya --
hasilnya --
10:06
(Laughter)
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1336
(Tertawa)
10:08
But there is good evidence
that Firefox and Chrome users
that Firefox and Chrome users
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Tapi ada bukti di mana pengguna
Firefox dan Chrome
Firefox dan Chrome
10:11
significantly outperform
Internet Explorer and Safari users.
Internet Explorer and Safari users.
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secara signifikan mengalahkan pengguna
Internet Explorer dan Safari.
Internet Explorer dan Safari.
10:15
Yes.
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Ya.
10:17
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
10:19
They also stay in their jobs
15 percent longer, by the way.
15 percent longer, by the way.
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Mereka juga bertahan pada pekerjaan mereka
15% lebih lama.
15% lebih lama.
10:23
Why? It's not a technical advantage.
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Mengapa? Bukan secara teknis.
10:25
The four browser groups
on average have similar typing speed
on average have similar typing speed
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Rata-rata kecepatan ketik 4 kelompok
browser ini sama
browser ini sama
10:28
and they also have similar levels
of computer knowledge.
of computer knowledge.
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3136
dan punya pengetahuan komputer yang sama.
10:31
It's about how you got the browser.
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2096
Tapi bagaimana Anda mendapatkan
browsernya.
browsernya.
10:34
Because if you use
Internet Explorer or Safari,
Internet Explorer or Safari,
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Karena pengguna Internet Explorer
dan Safari
dan Safari
10:36
those came preinstalled on your computer,
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2536
aplikasinya sudah terinstal di komputer,
10:39
and you accepted the default option
that was handed to you.
that was handed to you.
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2800
dan Anda menerima pengaturan awal
yang disodorkan.
yang disodorkan.
10:42
If you wanted Firefox or Chrome,
you had to doubt the default
you had to doubt the default
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Jika ingin Firefox atau Chrome,
Anda harus meragukan aturan awal
Anda harus meragukan aturan awal
10:45
and ask, is there
a different option out there,
a different option out there,
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2256
dan bertanya apa ada pilihan lain
di luar sana,
di luar sana,
10:47
and then be a little resourceful
and download a new browser.
and download a new browser.
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2960
mencari solusi, lalu mengunduh
browser baru.
browser baru.
10:51
So people hear about this study
and they're like,
and they're like,
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2336
Mereka yang mendengar studi ini
mungkin berkata,
mungkin berkata,
10:54
"Great, if I want to get better at my job,
I just need to upgrade my browser?"
I just need to upgrade my browser?"
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3696
"Bagus, jika ingin lebih baik bekerja,
saya hanya harus mengganti browser?"
saya hanya harus mengganti browser?"
10:57
(Laughter)
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1016
(Tertawa)
10:58
No, it's about being the kind of person
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2096
Tidak, ini tentang menjadi orang yang
11:01
who takes the initiative
to doubt the default
to doubt the default
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berinisiatif meragukan aturan awal
11:03
and look for a better option.
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2136
lalu mencari pilihan yang lebih baik.
11:05
And if you do that well,
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Jika Anda baik melakukannya,
11:07
you will open yourself up
to the opposite of déjà vu.
to the opposite of déjà vu.
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Anda akan membuka diri untuk
lawan dari déjà vu.
lawan dari déjà vu.
11:10
There's a name for it.
It's called vuja de.
It's called vuja de.
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Ada sebutannya: Vuja de.
11:13
(Laughter)
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2000
(Tertawa)
Vuja de adalah saat Anda melihat sesuatu
yang sudah sering Anda lihat
yang sudah sering Anda lihat
11:16
Vuja de is when you look at something
you've seen many times before
you've seen many times before
225
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3176
11:20
and all of a sudden
see it with fresh eyes.
see it with fresh eyes.
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2760
dan dalam sekejap melihatnya
dengan mata yang segar.
dengan mata yang segar.
11:23
It's a screenwriter
who looks at a movie script
who looks at a movie script
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2616
Seperti penulis skenario yang melihat
sebuah naskah film
sebuah naskah film
11:26
that can't get the green light
for more than half a century.
for more than half a century.
228
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2976
yang sudah lebih dari setengah abad
terus ditolak.
terus ditolak.
11:29
In every past version,
the main character has been an evil queen.
the main character has been an evil queen.
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Dalam setiap versi terdahulu,
tokoh utamanya selalu seorang ratu jahat.
tokoh utamanya selalu seorang ratu jahat.
11:34
But Jennifer Lee starts to question
whether that makes sense.
whether that makes sense.
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Tapi Jennifer Lee mulai mempertanyakannya.
11:37
She rewrites the first act,
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1456
Ia menulis ulang lakon awal,
11:38
reinvents the villain as a tortured hero
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tokoh jahat dikreasikan ulang menjadi
pahlawan tersiksa
pahlawan tersiksa
11:41
and Frozen becomes
the most successful animated movie ever.
the most successful animated movie ever.
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dan Frozen menjadi film animasi tersukses.
11:45
So there's a simple message
from this story.
from this story.
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2096
Ada pesan sederhana dari kisah ini.
11:47
When you feel doubt, don't let it go.
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2600
Saat ragu, jangan biarkan berlalu.
11:50
(Laughter)
236
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(Tertawa)
11:53
What about fear?
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1336
Bagaimana dengan rasa takut?
11:55
Originals feel fear, too.
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1920
Kaum orisinil juga merasa takut.
11:57
They're afraid of failing,
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1856
Mereka takut gagal,
11:59
but what sets them apart
from the rest of us
from the rest of us
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2096
tapi yang membedakan mereka dengan kita
12:01
is that they're even more
afraid of failing to try.
afraid of failing to try.
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2616
adalah mereka jauh lebih takut jika
gagal mencoba.
gagal mencoba.
12:04
They know you can fail
by starting a business that goes bankrupt
by starting a business that goes bankrupt
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Mereka tahu kita bisa gagal saat memulai
bisnis yang bangkrut
bisnis yang bangkrut
12:07
or by failing to start a business at all.
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2440
atau gagal karena sama sekali
tidak memulai.
tidak memulai.
12:10
They know that in the long run,
our biggest regrets are not our actions
our biggest regrets are not our actions
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Mereka tahu, pada jangka panjang,
sesal terbesar kita bukan tindakan kita,
sesal terbesar kita bukan tindakan kita,
12:14
but our inactions.
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tapi saat kita tidak bertindak.
12:15
The things we wish we could redo,
if you look at the science,
if you look at the science,
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2858
Melihat dengan kacamata sains,
hal-hal yang ingin kita ulang
hal-hal yang ingin kita ulang
12:18
are the chances not taken.
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2200
adalah pilihan-pilihan yang tidak diambil.
12:21
Elon Musk told me recently,
he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
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3656
Baru-baru ini Elon Musk bilang pada saya,
ia tidak menduga Tesla akan sukses.
ia tidak menduga Tesla akan sukses.
12:25
He was sure the first few SpaceX launches
249
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2736
Waktu itu ia tahu, peluncuran roket-roket
awal SpaceX
awal SpaceX
12:28
would fail to make it to orbit,
let alone get back,
let alone get back,
250
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akan gagal mencapai orbit,
apalagi kembali,
apalagi kembali,
12:31
but it was too important not to try.
251
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2200
tapi itu terlalu penting
untuk tidak dicoba.
untuk tidak dicoba.
12:34
And for so many of us,
when we have an important idea,
when we have an important idea,
252
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Dan sebagian besar kita, saat memiliki
ide penting,
ide penting,
12:36
we don't bother to try.
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kita tidak mau mencoba.
12:38
But I have some good news for you.
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Tapi ada berita baik bagi Anda.
12:41
You are not going to get judged
on your bad ideas.
on your bad ideas.
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2576
Anda tidak akan dihakimi
karena ide buruk Anda.
karena ide buruk Anda.
Sebagian besar mengira akan dihakimi.
12:43
A lot of people think they will.
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12:45
If you look across industries
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Jika meninjau lintas industri
12:46
and ask people about their biggest idea,
their most important suggestion,
their most important suggestion,
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dan bertanya apakah ide terbesar dan
gagasan terpenting mereka
gagasan terpenting mereka
12:50
85 percent of them stayed silent
instead of speaking up.
instead of speaking up.
259
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3840
85% akan menutup mulut, tidak berbicara.
12:55
They were afraid of embarrassing
themselves, of looking stupid.
themselves, of looking stupid.
260
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3416
Mereka takut mempermalukan diri,
atau terlihat bodoh.
atau terlihat bodoh.
12:58
But guess what? Originals
have lots and lots of bad ideas,
have lots and lots of bad ideas,
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3416
Tapi coba tebak? Kaum orisinil punya
sangat banyak ide buruk,
sangat banyak ide buruk,
13:02
tons of them, in fact.
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luar biasa banyaknya.
13:04
Take the guy who invented this.
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2000
Lihat pria yang menciptakan ini.
13:07
Do you care that he came up
with a talking doll so creepy
with a talking doll so creepy
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Apa Anda peduli ia membuat
boneka seram yang berbicara
boneka seram yang berbicara
13:10
that it scared not only kids
but adults, too?
but adults, too?
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2400
tidak hanya menakuti anak-anak,
juga orang dewasa?
juga orang dewasa?
13:13
No. You celebrate Thomas Edison
for pioneering the light bulb.
for pioneering the light bulb.
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4336
Tidak. Anda memuji Thomas Edison karena
memelopori bola lampu.
memelopori bola lampu.
13:18
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
13:20
If you look across fields,
268
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2416
Jika melihat berbagai bidang,
13:23
the greatest originals
are the ones who fail the most,
are the ones who fail the most,
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para orisinil terbaik adalah mereka yang
paling sering gagal,
paling sering gagal,
13:26
because they're the ones who try the most.
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karena merekalah yang paling
banyak mencoba.
banyak mencoba.
13:28
Take classical composers,
the best of the best.
the best of the best.
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Lihat penggubah musik klasik,
terbaik dari yang terbaik.
terbaik dari yang terbaik.
Mengapa beberapa mendapat lebih banyak
halaman di ensiklopedia,
halaman di ensiklopedia,
13:31
Why do some of them get more pages
in encyclopedias than others
in encyclopedias than others
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dan gubahan mereka direkam ulang
lebih banyak, daripada yang lain?
lebih banyak, daripada yang lain?
13:34
and also have their compositions
rerecorded more times?
rerecorded more times?
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Salah satu sebab terbaiknya,
13:38
One of the best predictors
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adalah banyaknya komposisi
yang mereka buat.
yang mereka buat.
13:39
is the sheer volume
of compositions that they generate.
of compositions that they generate.
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13:43
The more output you churn out,
the more variety you get
the more variety you get
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Makin banyak keluaran Anda hasilkan,
makin banyak variasi didapat
makin banyak variasi didapat
13:46
and the better your chances
of stumbling on something truly original.
of stumbling on something truly original.
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dan lebih besar kemungkinan Anda menemukan
sesuatu yang benar-benar asli.
sesuatu yang benar-benar asli.
13:50
Even the three icons of classical music --
Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
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Bahkan tiga ikon musik klasik --
Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
13:54
had to generate hundreds
and hundreds of compositions
and hundreds of compositions
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harus menyusun beratus-ratus komposisi
13:57
to come up with a much smaller
number of masterpieces.
number of masterpieces.
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sampai menemukan sejumlah kecil mahakarya.
14:01
Now, you may be wondering,
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Anda mungkin berpikir,
14:03
how did this guy become great
without doing a whole lot?
without doing a whole lot?
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bagaimana pria ini berhasil
tanpa melakukan banyak hal?
tanpa melakukan banyak hal?
14:07
I don't know how Wagner pulled that off.
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Saya tidak tahu bagaimana Wagner sukses.
Tapi sebagian besar kita, jika ingin
jadi lebih orisinil,
jadi lebih orisinil,
14:10
But for most of us,
if we want to be more original,
if we want to be more original,
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14:13
we have to generate more ideas.
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kita harus menciptakan lebih banyak ide.
14:16
The Warby Parker founders, when they
were trying to name their company,
were trying to name their company,
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Saat hendak menamai perusahaan mereka,
para pendiri Warby Parker
para pendiri Warby Parker
14:20
they needed something sophisticated,
unique, with no negative associations
unique, with no negative associations
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membutuhkan sesuatu yang terkini, unik
dan tidak punya kaitan negatif
dan tidak punya kaitan negatif
14:23
to build a retail brand,
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untuk membangun merek ritel,
14:25
and they tested over 2,000 possibilities
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dan menguji lebih dari 2.000 kemungkinan
14:27
before they finally put together
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sebelum akhirnya memakai
14:29
Warby and Parker.
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Warby dan Parker.
14:32
So if you put all this together,
what you see is that originals
what you see is that originals
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Melihat semuanya ini, Anda melihat
bahwa para orisinil
bahwa para orisinil
14:35
are not that different
from the rest of us.
from the rest of us.
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tidak begitu berbeda dengan kita semua.
14:37
They feel fear and doubt.
They procrastinate.
They procrastinate.
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Mereka merasa takut dan ragu.
Mereka menunda.
Mereka menunda.
14:40
They have bad ideas.
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Mereka punya ide buruk.
14:42
And sometimes, it's not in spite
of those qualities but because of them
of those qualities but because of them
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Dan terkadang, mereka meraih keberhasilan
justru
justru
14:46
that they succeed.
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karena kualitas-kualitas itu.
14:48
So when you see those things,
don't make the same mistake I did.
don't make the same mistake I did.
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Maka saat melihatnya, jangan membuat
kesalahan seperti saya.
kesalahan seperti saya.
14:51
Don't write them off.
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Jangan mencoret mereka.
14:52
And when that's you,
don't count yourself out either.
don't count yourself out either.
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Dan jika itu Anda, jangan mengeluarkan
diri Anda dari hitungan.
diri Anda dari hitungan.
14:55
Know that being quick to start
but slow to finish
but slow to finish
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Ketahuilah bahwa cepat memulai tapi
lambat selesai
lambat selesai
dapat meningkatkan kreativitas Anda,
14:57
can boost your creativity,
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14:59
that you can motivate yourself
by doubting your ideas
by doubting your ideas
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dan Anda bisa memotivasi diri
dengan ragu pada ide-ide itu
dengan ragu pada ide-ide itu
15:02
and embracing the fear of failing to try,
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dan merangkul rasa takut gagal mencoba,
15:04
and that you need a lot of bad ideas
in order to get a few good ones.
in order to get a few good ones.
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dan bahwa Anda perlu banyak ide buruk
untuk mendapatkan beberapa ide baik.
untuk mendapatkan beberapa ide baik.
15:08
Look, being original is not easy,
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Menjadi orisinil tidak mudah,
15:11
but I have no doubt about this:
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tapi saya meyakini bahwa
15:13
it's the best way
to improve the world around us.
to improve the world around us.
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itulah cara terbaik untuk mengembangkan
dunia sekitar kita.
dunia sekitar kita.
15:16
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
15:17
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grant - Organizational psychologistAfter years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others.
Why you should listen
In his groundbreaking book Give and Take, top-rated Wharton professor Adam Grant upended decades of conventional motivational thinking with the thesis that giving unselfishly to colleagues or clients can lead to one’s own long-term success. Grant’s research has led hundreds of advice seekers (and HR departments) to his doorstep, and it’s changing the way leaders view their workforces.
Grant's book Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World examines how unconventional thinkers overturn the status quo and champion game-changing ideas.
Grant is the host of the TED original podcast WorkLife, taking us inside unconventional workplaces to explore the ideas we can all use to make work more meaningful and creative.
Adam Grant | Speaker | TED.com